Process Of Cargo Transportation Research Articles

Improving safety criteria for transporting hazardous goods by road through optimizing the geometric parameters of their stowage

The object of research is the process of cargo transportation by road. The problem of efficient loading and securing of hazardous goods in box containers during their transportation by road is considered. The basic principles of the voxel-based interpretation of the model of loading box containers on road transport are presented, and a general principle for calculating the fractal dimension of such three-dimensional objects has been developed. The calculation is based on the procedure of reducing the dimensionality of space by cutting the object into separate layers and determining the fractal dimensionality of two-dimensional slices. The proposed principle could be used to estimate the fractal dimension of three-dimensional objects in practical tasks in any industry. A method for simplified calculation of fractal characteristics of three-dimensional bill of lading models of cargo stowage has been devised. The method is based on the assessment of the quality of blocking of the constituent elements of the spatial system in three coordinate directions by the fractal dimension of two-dimensional images of their frames. The method provides opportunities for calculating the quantitative characteristics of the quality of cargo stowage from the standpoint of its transportation safety. A method for fractal stowing of goods in box containers on a truck platform has been proposed. This method of fractal stowage provides for the absence of slippage and displacement of boxes in the package and makes it impossible for them to overturn in extreme situations. The use of the fractal stowage method allows for an efficient and low-cost technology of securing the cargo as it involves only a circular bandage of the top layer of the loaded package of boxes and its fastening to the vehicle platform at four points

The impact of the war on the development of freight transportation in Ukraine

The paper analyzes the relevance of the chosen research topic, in particular, the importance of the freight transportation sector for the development of the Ukrainian economy. The significant impact of a full-scale war on the dynamics of freight transportation and structural changes in this market, which began in 2022, is substantiated. The dynamics of prices for A95 gasoline and diesel fuel for 2022-2024, UAH, is analyzed and analyzed. The dynamics of prices for freight transportation for 2022-2023 is analyzed and substantiated, UAH. The structure of the Ukrainian freight transportation market by export and import of goods as of 2022 is analyzed and analyzed. It is determined that the war affected the rise in fuel prices, which led to higher transportation prices and fuel shortages. It is determined that the largest share in 2022 belonged to rail transport, namely: 50% were exports and 41% were imports. It is determined that most of the cargo was transported by road and rail during the study period. The dynamics of the volume of freight traffic in Ukraine by types of transport for 2021-2022, million tons, is analyzed and substantiated. The paper analyzes the introduction of electronic queues and electronic registration "e-queue". The main problems faced by freight transportation are identified. A way to optimize the costs of enterprises under martial law is proposed. The expediency of introducing digital technologies, which should primarily lead to time savings and faster delivery, is substantiated. The use of a logistics chain management system based on the Digital Twin technology is proposed, the use of which will positively affect the organization of the process of cargo transportation by road and minimize unnecessary costs. The process of implementing Digital Twin in the logistics processes of a carrier company is depicted schematically. Conclusions are drawn about the impact of the war on the development of freight transportation in Ukraine.

Microsporidia dressing up: the spore polaroplast transport through the polar tube and transformation into the sporoplasm membrane.

Microsporidia are obligate intracellular parasites that infect a wide variety of hosts including humans. Microsporidian spores possess a unique, highly specialized invasion apparatus involving the polar filament, polaroplast, and posterior vacuole. During spore germination, the polar filament is discharged out of the spore forming a hollow polar tube that transports the sporoplasm components including the nucleus into the host cell. Due to the complicated topological changes occurring in this process, the details of sporoplasm formation are not clear. Our data suggest that the limiting membrane of the nascent sporoplasm is formed by the polaroplast after microsporidian germination. Using electron microscopy and 1,1'-dioctadecyl-3,3,3',3' tetramethyl indocarbocyanine perchlorate staining, we describe that a large number of vesicles, nucleus, and other cytoplasm contents were transported out via the polar tube during spore germination, while the posterior vacuole and plasma membrane finally remained in the empty spore coat. Two Nosema bombycis sporoplasm surface proteins (NbTMP1 and NoboABCG1.1) were also found to localize in the region of the polaroplast and posterior vacuole in mature spores and in the discharged polar tube, which suggested that the polaroplast during transport through the polar tube became the limiting membrane of the sporoplasm. The analysis results of Golgi-tracker green and Golgi marker protein syntaxin 6 were also consistent with the model of the transported polaroplast derived from Golgi transformed into the nascent sporoplasm membrane.IMPORTANCEMicrosporidia, which are obligate intracellular pathogenic organisms, cause huge economic losses in agriculture and even threaten human health. The key to successful infection by the microsporidia is their unique invasion apparatus which includes the polar filament, polaroplast, and posterior vacuole. When the mature spore is activated to geminate, the polar filament uncoils and undergoes a rapid transition into the hollow polar tube that transports the sporoplasm components including the microsporidian nucleus into host cells. Details of the structural difference between the polar filament and polar tube, the process of cargo transport in extruded polar tube, and the formation of the sporoplasm membrane are still poorly understood. Herein, we verify that the polar filament evaginates to form the polar tube, which serves as a conduit for transporting the nucleus and other sporoplasm components. Furthermore, our results indicate that the transported polaroplast transforms into the sporoplasm membrane during spore germination. Our study provides new insights into the cargo transportation process of the polar tube and origin of the sporoplasm membrane, which provide important clarification of the microsporidian infection mechanism.

SOLVING A TRANSPORT PROBLEM WITH FUZZY TARIFFS ON THE EXAMPLE OF CARGO TRANSPORTATION AT THE ROGUN HPP

This article discusses the solution of the transport problem using fuzzy tariffs on the example of cargo transportation of the Rogun HPP. The transport task is an important logistics task, where it is required to optimize the delivery of goods from source to destination with minimal costs. The effectiveness of the proposed methods was evaluated on the practical example of cargo transportation of the Rogun HPP. The results showed that the use of fuzzy tariffs makes it possible to increase the efficiency of the cargo transportation process, especially in conditions of uncertainty or insufficient information. The article proposes and implements methods for solving the transport problem with fuzzy tariffs. They are based on the principles of fuzzy logic, which allows us to take into account uncertainty and various factors affecting the process of cargo transportation. The methods include the formalization of fuzzy tariffs, the determination of weighting factors to assess the importance of each tariff, as well as optimization algorithms to find the best cargo transportation plan. To test the effectiveness of the proposed methods, a specific example was given with cargo transportation data from the Management of the Rogun HPP. The use of fuzzy tariffs allows you to take into account various factors that can affect the process of cargo transportation, such as weather conditions, road conditions and others. This allows for more accurate and flexible planning and management of cargo transportation, as well as taking into account the interests of all parties – the customer, the carrier and the recipient. Some problems and limitations related to the use of fuzzy tariffs in solving the transport problem were also identified. One of the main problems is the difficulty of defining and evaluating fuzzy tariffs. It is also necessary to take into account possible restrictions on the volume of transportation and the availability of vehicles.

The impact of offenses on the logistics process during the transportation of cargo

At the present stage of logistics infrastructure development, many different barriers that have a negative impact on the entire process of cargo transportation appear. Since each stage of cargo delivery is part of a single logistics chain of transportation, interruptions at any stage entail nonfulfillment of contractual obligations by the transport company. In the work, the main focus is on the study of the causes of obstacles to the transportation of cargo. As a rule, the reasons under consideration have a technological or legal nature of occurrence. For technological reasons, we understand the negative processes associated with the organization of transportation, namely: the construction of economically unprofitable cargo delivery routes; the wrong choice of transport, as well as the incorrect construction of the logistics chain in general. The legal reasons for the transportation of cargo are related to the commission of various kinds of offenses by people involved in the process of cargo delivery, which entail negative consequences for transport companies. In turn, law-enforcement agencies are obliged to respond to certain offenses committed at all stages of cargo transportation. Therefore, legal barriers associated with the toughening of the procedure for checking goods appear, which affects the timing of their delivery.

DIGITALIZATION AND MODERN ELECTRONIC SERVICES FOR ROAD TRANSPORTATION

Purpose. Digitalization of business processes and implementation of transparent and effective electronic services for the provision of administrative services is one of the key state priorities of Ukraine, the realization of which contributes to European integration processes and sustainable development of the country by reducing corruption risks in all sectors of the economy and social sphere. One of the main tasks that arises when solving this problem is the introduction and use of modern information technologies and electronic document management in road transport. In this regard, the paper analyzes the functionality of the existing information systems on the road transport market of Ukraine and considers the procedure for their use in the organization of transportation. Methodology. During the research, methods of analysis and expert evaluation were used to study the main functionality and the order of application of information systems for the organization of road freight transportation. Results. Currently, a number of electronic services and systems, such as Shlyah, eChherga, WiM, have been successfully implemented and operated in Ukraine for the organization of road transport. The e-TTN electronic document management system is at the final stage of implementation. Scientific novelty. The obtained results of the analysis of the functionality and the order of use of modern information systems for the organization of road transportation of goods allow to perform a scientific and economic evaluation of the choice of software products for solving operational logistics problems and improving the efficiency of the transport process. Practical significance. The presented research results can be used to organize and optimize the process of cargo transportation by road transport of Ukraine.

Determining and Evaluating The Strategies of Air Cargo Freight Forwarders to Increase Business Volume with AHP Method

Air cargo forwarders plays an essential role in air cargo transportation process. They provide service providing communication between the stakeholders in the supply chain. However, there is a fierce competition in this sector due to huge number of companies. For this reason, this companies need to respond to changes in the globalization era by applying some strategies. In this scope, the aim of this study is to determine and weight the strategies that forwarders operating in the air cargo sector can implement to increase their business volumes, using the studies in the literature, interviews with 10 experts working in different forwarder companies in Turkey, and the AHP method. Although strategies for companies to increase their business volumes examined in various studies, there is no study specifically for 'Air cargo transport companies'. In addition, any study using the AHP method for the sector has not been found in the literature. In this context, the study is unique in terms of sectoral practice and methodology. The finding of the study suggests that staff trainings to improve customer relations is the most important criteria for air cargo freight forwarders.

ПРОБЛЕМЫ ОТРАСЛИ ГРУЗОВЫХ АВТОМОБИЛЬНЫХ ПЕРЕВОЗОК И ВАРИАНТЫ ИХ РЕШЕНИЯ

Road transport is the most important part of the transport infrastructure of the Rus- sian Federation. Road transport plays an important role in the socio-economic devel- opment of the country, ensuring the satisfaction of the transport needs of the popula- tion and the economy, creating the necessary communication conditions to ensure its territorial integrity and the unity of the economic space. Road transport is of great importance for ensuring the defense capability and national security of the country. It also creates the necessary communication conditions for the use of Russia's advanta- geous geographical position, providing foreign economic relations and the possibility of integrating the country into the world economic system. The process of cargo transportation is one of the most complex processes associated with transport activities, the organization of which takes significant financial re- sources of cargo carriers. As with any other process, there are significant challenges that every trucking company faces in the transportation of goods. The article deals with the problems of regulation of the road freight transport market, which ultimately have a negative impact on the state, as they lead to incomplete payment of taxes, non-compliance with legislation, and high accident rates. Short- comings are revealed and proposals for regulating the market for the transportation of bulky and heavy cargoes are substantiated. Based on the analysis, proposals for the development of the potential of the Russian road freight industry have been for- mulated.

APPLICATION OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES IN THE DELIVERY OF CARGO IN INTERNATIONAL TRAFFIC

The article analyzes the current state of the theory and practice of solving issues related to the delivery of goods by road in international traffic. It is determined that increasing the efficiency of cargo transportation in international traffic is possible through the development and implementation of new information systems and the development of innovative software products to solve the problems of planning and operational management of the transport process. The purpose of this article is to develop an innovative integrated management decision support system for organizing and managing the delivery of goods in international traffic based on the combination of cloud technologies for centralized management of real-time information exchange between participants in the transportation process. The exchange of information between participants in the process of cargo delivery in international traffic using a software product allows to improve the provision of transportation services to the client, increase the level of information exchange, implement real-time management of the cargo transportation process, improve the efficiency of decision-making and immediately respond to any changes in the process. The article develops an integrated management decision support system for organizing and managing the delivery of goods in international traffic, based on the approach of combining cloud technologies for centralized management of real-time information exchange between participants in the transportation process. The application of the proposed system with the use of appropriate software will improve the quality of transportation services to the client, increase the level of information exchange, implement real-time management of the cargo delivery process and improve the efficiency of management decision-making. As criteria for assessing the feasibility of using the proposed system, it is customary to consider indicators that are critical to maintaining the required level of sustainability and service and most fully characterize the results of the work performed from the point of view of both the consumer and the carrier. Keywords: digital technologies, cargo delivery, international transportation, efficiency.

Impact of globalization of the world market and internationalization of the cargo transportation process on the maritime transport system

In this study, it is substantiated that the process of globalization leads to the world economy acquiring the characteristics of a complex multi-level system, which makes it possible to use the properties of systems as tools for researching the effects of negative factors and threats to the development of the world economy and maritime transport as subsystems of the world economy. It was established that not only the rise in prices on the world's leading stock exchanges Using the systems theory methods but also the freight cost of dry cargo ships is a significant influencing factor on food prices for the whole world. It has also been established that since the cargo traffic of food with a substantial level of processing to countries where, due to the level of development of their economy, there are mostly no opportunities for processing products, this affects the increase in the cargo traffic of container transport in global sea transportation. The synergistic nature of the impact of negative factors on the worldwide economy and the maritime transport industry has been outlined. It is singled out that the synergistic negative effect led to a chain reaction to the change of international sea transport routes. The assessment of the effectiveness of management actions of the industry management on external challenges and threats was carried out. It is pointed out that the direction of the global maritime transport industry needs to dynamically adjust the operation of logistics networks to respond effectively to the growing needs of the world market. It is also indicated that the need for more efficiency and capacity of the port infrastructure still predominantly affects container transportation due to the growing demand for the volume of cargo transportation. It is emphasized that the established definition of the world transport system needs to be sufficiently corrected. The conducted research found that the world transport system, under the influence of the globalization of the world market and the internationalization of the cargo transportation process, acquires transnational features and becomes a global structure, working increasingly in the interests of the world market. Keywords: globalization, internationalization, maritime transport, crises, risks, threats, efficiency of industry management.

ОСОБЕННОСТИ ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ ТРАНСПОРТНОЙ СИСТЕМЫ НА ОСНОВЕ ПЛАТФОРМЫ БЛОКЧЕЙН

The purpose of the study is to optimize the transportation process in intercity communication by introducing intelligent control systems (ITS) based on the Blockchain platform into the activities of the agrocomplex enterprise. The object of the study is an agricultural complex enterprise. The subject of the study is the process of cargo transportation in intercity communication at this enterprise. The advantages of an intelligent management system based on a blockchain platform and the issue of its integration into the activities of agro-complex enterprises in order to increase the efficiency of their work are considered. The company "Saratov Poultry Processing Plant "Kurnikov" was founded in 2002 and occupies a leading position among manufacturers in the segment of deep processing of poultry meat in Russia. In 2022, the total production volume of Saratov Poultry Processing Plant Kurnikov LLC amounted to an impressive 36,000 tons. In the asset of the SEC “Kurnikov has 6 large warehouses located in Saratov, Engels, Moscow, Penza, St. Petersburg and Kaluga. The largest – Saratov – has the ability to store 140 tons of products. The company also includes 65 trade pavilions and 7 retail pavilions. To date, the divisions operate in the city of Saratov and the Saratov region, Astrakhan, St. Petersburg, Moscow, Adler, etc. In addition to its own points of sale, the company strives to develop a partner network. Thanks to this approach, products are successfully sold throughout the Russian Federation, as well as in the countries of the Customs Union, including Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, Armenia and Belarus. The average number of employees according to the Federal Tax Service for 2022: 695 people. Revenue is 4.4 billion rubles a year, net profit is 90 million rubles a year. The company's fleet consists mainly of 5 types of cars. During the analysis of the company's work and the survey of employees, existing problems were identified in the organization of the transportation process. The solution to these problems can be the introduction of an intelligent transport system based on the latest technologies at the enterprise. One of the most advanced and modern intelligent systems is Blockchain.

Investigating the Impact of Transport Performance Characteristics on the Transport and Warehouse System Efficiency

This article focuses on the first and last mile delivery interaction between transport and warehouse. At the moment, the impact of transport performance characteristics on the process of cargo transportation has not been thoroughly studied. This article is aimed at the investigation of relations between the rolling stock choice and total costs. The system of pendulum route for transporting homogeneous load with return unloaded trip has been studied.

Increasing the efficiency of using vehicles for agricultural production

In modern agricultural production, the transportation of products is one of the most important components of the economic effect, since the lion's share of costs is the process of cargo transportation. Increasing the efficiency of this process to a large extent allows to reduce the cost of the grown products. Transportation in the agricultural sector is a rather complex process in which various types of equipment are most often involved, both during loading and unloading operations, and during the transportation process itself. In this article, we analyzed and researched the main components that affect the efficiency of the cargo transportation process using both one type of vehicle and a mixed version. Today, in agricultural production, the transportation of products by road vehicles is constantly growing and, compared to last year, the volume of transportation has increased by 5.1%. Compliance with service requirements, minimizing rolling stock downtime, planning and using optimal traffic routes is also a fairly important factor affecting transportation efficiency. In each specific case under consideration, basic criteria must be established that will ensure the optimization of the efficiency of the use of rolling stock. As a result, a number of criteria discussed in the article affect the economic component of the cargo transportation process. Rational planning of the components of the rolling stock involved in the transportation of products and the use of appropriate measures to increase the efficiency of its work are necessary for the rational support of the transportation process. To ensure an economically profitable choice of rolling stock for cargo transportation, it is necessary to apply certain laws and characteristics of operational properties of vehicles, which is a condition for purposeful management of realized performance indicators

Внедрение цифровых решений в систему интермодальных грузоперевозок

Purpose: To justify the use of a digital platform at organization of rail freight transportation, allowing to minimize transportation costs, delivery time, time loss at all stages of lifecycle and to simplify significantly the access to infrastructure facilities. The given study confirms that the introduction of advanced digital technologies into intermodal freight transportation system contributes to the effective interaction between railway companies, seaports and regulatory authorities. Methods: Analytical methods of reporting data of Asian and European railway companies — members of International Railway Union, Russian and foreign forwarding companies as well as data of Russia Federal Customs Service and foreign customs authorities are used. Results: The procedure for documentation electronic processing, using mobile workstations, is systematized, the effects from creation of pilot freight transportation are determined, the importance of the expansion of digital environment of trust between participants in intermodal freight transportation — railway companies, seaports and regulatory authorities — is substantiated. Practical importance: The obtained results have an applied character since they propose and justify a number of measures aimed at stirring up of electronic interaction of cargo transportation process participants.

Organization of Cargo Traffic Using Ferry Connections

The observed development of ferry transport in the Baltic Sea is associated with the development of trade exchange between the countries of this region. Cargo transportation constitutes a significant part of these carriages. Disturbances in the organization and implementation of transport chains with the participation of ferry shipping may cause delays in the delivery of cargo to customers. Therefore, it is reasonable to look for solutions to streamline the organization of these processes. The aim of the article is to identify the current state and to analyze the organization of the process of cargo transportation with the use of ferry shipping. The ferry line connecting the ports of Liepaja (Latvia) and Travemünde (Germany) was considered in details. On the basis of surveys carried out among truck drivers and owners of transport companies on the ways of transport organization, the selected aspects related to the planning of the transport process with the use of ferry shipping were determined. As a result of the analysis of the data obtained, recommendations were made to improve the organization of cargo transportation in ferry shipping.

Analysis of container terminal accidents using fuzzy c-means

Maritime transportation is the key element of global trade in recent years. Moreover, container shipping companies aim to complete door-to-door cargo operation with lower costs and increased speed. Determination of delays and possible accidents play vital role on cargo transportation process in a container terminal. In this scope, 65 container terminal accident reports are evaluated with Fuzzy C-means method to cluster within scope of root cause analysis. Three, four, and five number of clusters are created to determine possible causes of accidents. Two container terminals located in Turkey have diverse cargo operation capacity such as mobile and quay cranes. Accident cases are grouped in the view of relation of operations as cargo and port. Port related accidents are found mainly as related with maintenance processes. and occurred in weekdays. On the other hand, cargo related accidents occurred in weekends and during night shifts. In this scope, the results revealed that Fuzzy C-Means method could be used to analyse container terminal accidents.

Логистическая концепция: содержание, тренды, эффективность

The evolutionary process of the development of logistics theory and methodology is formed under the influence of socio-economic and technological factors. The general logic of the development of the world economy internationalization processes determines the search of innovative ways to integrate participants of the world economic relations. The intensification of competition in the transport services market in the context of the scientific and technological progress in the middle of the XX century contributed to the growing attention of the manufacturing sector to the problems of cargo transportation. Coordination of the activities of the production, distribution and transport systems made it possible to formulate general principles for optimizing the integrated cargo transportation process. The introduction of logistics principles into the practice of transport activities has become a priority. It seems expedient to consider the transformation of approaches to the definition of conceptual provisions of logistics, which will contribute to creating an algorithm for the implementation of the entire complex of logistics operations. The formalization of rules and procedures conditioned by logistics concepts is the basis for the formation of special control actions on the flow processes of cargo movement, finance and information. Four main logistics concepts have been analyzed: the concept of logistics costs, the concept of business process reengineering in logistics, the concept of integrated logistics of the company, and the concept of supply chain management. It has been inferred that the material flow in integrated logistics systems unites the life cycle of the product as a whole, the development of various forms of integration helps to reduce costs by promoting centralized management services, making purchases in large quantities on favorable terms.

The intermodal transport system as a factor of the national economy competitiveness in the world market

The article considers the essence of intermodal transportation, determines its main advantages for both parties of the cargo transportation process, and presents the composition of existing intermodal complexes as the main part of the functioning of the country’s transport system. The emphasis is made on the specifics of the modern customer-centered economy, which directly affects the organization of international transportation. In the paper, the author uses both qualitative and quantitative methods of analyzing research data provided by other authors as well as retrospective statistical data. A comparative analysis of the work of successful companies in the field of intermodal transport is made. The ways to increase the competitiveness of the Russian economy in the world market through the development of modern logistics schemes for the movement of goods are considered. The article describes the activities of domestic companies, their features, shortcomings and methods of work in the context of the globalization of the economy with a graphical interpretation of the models used by them. The practical recommendations to improve the functioning of the objects of research are given.

ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ ЕЛЕМЕНТІВ ІНТЕЛЕКТУАЛЬНИХ ТРАНСПОРТНИХ СИСТЕМ У ПЕРЕВЕЗЕННЯХ ВАНТАЖІВ

The article considers the problems of application of elements of intelligent transport systems in cargo transportation to transport enterprises of Ukraine. Calculations of economic indicators from the introduction of RFID-chips on the example of the existing motor transport enterprise «LOGISTIC UA» are performed. The object of research is the process of transportation of goods. The purpose of the work is to improve the process of cargo transportation with the use of elements of intelligent transport systems. The research method is the analytical. To simplify the tracking and control of transport characteristics of goods, it is proposed to introduce the use of RFID technologies in transport companies, namely RFID chips, which is a very economical and effective tool in transport logistics. The methodology for calculating the economic benefits from the introduction of RFID chips in transport companies is presented and its effectiveness in practice is proved. KEY WORDS: INTELLECTUAL TRANSPORT SYSTEMS, RFID-CHIPS, CARGO TRANSPORTATION.

Integration of Context Awareness in Smart Service Provision System Based on Wireless Sensor Networks for Sustainable Cargo Transportation.

Smart service provision systems can assist in the management of cargo transportation. The development of these systems faces a number of issues that relate to the analysis of numerous factors, which are influenced by the properties of such complex and dynamic systems. The aim of this research was the development of an adaptable smart service provision system that is able to recognize a wide spectrum of contextual information, which is obtained from different services and heterogeneous devices of wireless sensor networks (WSNs). To ensure that the smart service provision system can assist with the analysis of specific cases of unforeseen and unwanted situations during the cargo transportation process, the system must have additional adaptability. To address the adequate provision of contextual data, we examined the problems of multi-dimensional definitions of contextual data and the choice of appropriate artificial intelligence (AI) methods for recognition of contextual information. The objectives relate to prioritizing potential service provision by ensuring the optimal quality of data supply channels and avoiding the flooding of wireless communication channels. The proposed methodology is based on methods of smart system architecture development that integrate the identification of context-aware data, conceptual structures of data warehouses, and algorithms for the recognition of transportation situations based on AI methods. Experimental research is outlined to illustrate the algorithmic analysis of the prototype system using an appropriate simulation environment.