Aging Process Research Articles

Mutant Huntingtin Drives Development of an Advantageous Brain Early in Life: Evidence in Support of Antagonistic Pleiotropy.

Huntington's disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disease caused by a triplet repeat expansion within the gene huntingtin (HTT). Antagonistic pleiotropy is a theory of aging that posits that some genes, facilitating individual fitness early in life through adaptive evolutionary changes, also augment detrimental aging-related processes. Antagonistic pleiotropy theory may explain a positive evolutionary pressure toward functionally advantageous brain development that is vulnerable to rapid degeneration. The current study investigated antagonistic pleiotropy in HD using a years-to-onset paradigm in a unique sample of children and young adults at risk for HD. Cognitive, behavioral, motor, and brain structural measures from premanifest gene-expanded (n = 79) and gene nonexpanded (n = 112) participants (6-21 years) in the Kids-HD study were examined. All measures in the gene-expanded group were modeled using a mixed-effects regression approach to assess years-to-onset-based changes while controlling for normal growth. Simultaneously, structure-function associations were also examined. Decades from motor onset, gene-expanded participants showed significantly better cognitive, behavioral, and motor scores versus gene nonexpanded controls, along with larger cerebral volumes and cortical features. After this initial peak, a prolonged deterioration was observed in both functional and structural measures. Far from onset, brain measures were positively correlated with functional measures, supporting the view that functional advantages were mediated by structural differences. Mutant HTT may drive the development of a larger than normal brain that subserves superior early-life function. These findings support the antagonistic pleiotropy theory of HTT in HD, where this gene drives early advantage followed by accelerated aging processes. ANN NEUROL 2024.

Expression of insulin-like growth factor binding protein 5 in the vaginal wall tissues of older women with pelvic organ prolapse

This study aimed to investigate the expression and significance of insulin-like growth factor binding protein 5 (IGFBP5) and extracellular matrix (ECM) related proteins in anterior vaginal wall tissues among aged pelvic organ prolapse (POP) patients. Tissues from the anterior vaginal wall were collected from 28 patients with POP and 20 patients without POP. The expression of protein and mRNA levels of IGFBP5 and ECM related proteins were evaluated in the vaginal wall tissues using immunohistochemistry, western blotting, and RT-qPCR techniques. The expression levels were then compared with clinical parameters. The expression levels of protein and mRNA of IGFBP5, collagen I, and collagen III were significantly lower in the POP group. Protein and mRNA expression levels of MMP2 were significantly higher in the POP group. IGFBP5 protein and mRNA expression levels were negatively correlated with age and significantly lower in older POP patients (≥ 65 years old) compared to younger POP patients (< 65 years old). IGFBP5 protein and mRNA expression levels were also significantly lower in POP-Q stage IV patients compared to POP-Q stage III patients. IGFBP5 expression level is negatively correlated with the age and severity of prolapse. The significant decrease in IGFBP5 expression may play a crucial part in the aging process and the occurrence of POP.

Oxidative stress and aging: synergies for age related diseases.

Aging is characterized by a progressive decline in physiological function and underlies several disabilities, including the increased sensitivity of cells and tissues to undergo pathological oxidative stress. In recent years, efforts have been made to better understand the relationship between age and oxidative stress and further develop therapeutic strategies to minimize the impact of both events on age-related diseases. In this work, we review the impact of the oxidant and antioxidant systems during aging and disease development and discuss the crosstalk of oxidative stress and other aging processes, with a focus on studies conducted in elderly populations.

Association Between Physical Activity Levels and Cognitive Function in Older Adults: A Replication Cohort Analysis Using the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Aging

Introduction: Few studies address the complex relationship between physical activity and cognitive function in aging individuals. This topic has gained significant attention in recent years, as cognitive decline poses a substantial public health challenge. There is a lack of research focusing on the effect of physical activity on cognitive function in the Brazilian population. Purpose: Our study aims to replicate the findings of Lautenschlager et al. using a Brazilian cohort from the ELSI study, a comprehensive longitudinal study capturing aging processes and determinants among individuals in Brazil. Method: In line with the reference study, our analysis focused on individuals aged 50 and older without depression and dementia. The primary outcome was cognitive function, assessed using a summary score obtained from the ELSI study to replicate the ADAS-Cog, as in the original study. Participants were categorized into two groups: those engaging in moderate to vigorous exercise (exercise) and those who did not meet this exercise threshold (no exercise). To evaluate the relationship between exercise and cognitive function, we performed three linear regression models: one without adjustments for covariates, a second model adjusting for sex, education, and race (main model), and a third model with multiple adjustments. A sensitivity analysis using Cohen's D was also conducted. Results: In this study from the ELSI cohort, data from 7,292 individuals were available, and 6,147 met the inclusion criteria for analysis. A total of 935 individuals were excluded due to depression, and 98 were excluded due to dementia. Baseline characteristics were not well balanced between groups. The mean age in the exercise group was 64 years compared to 67 years in the no exercise group, with a higher percentage of males (48% vs. 39%) and a higher education level (12% with university education vs. 6%). In the unadjusted linear regression, there was a positive correlation between exercise and cognitive function (2.19, 95% CI 1.89-2.48, p&lt;0.001). In the second model, which emulated the reference trial by including sex, race, and educational status, the positive correlation persisted, though with a lower effect size (1.53, 95% CI 1.25-1.82, p&lt;0.001). A third model with additional adjustments was employed to assess the consistency of the association, which was maintained (1.92, 95% CI 1.62-2.23, p&lt;0.001). Conclusion: Our study reaffirms the potential benefits of moderate to vigorous exercise on cognitive function in older adults with mild cognitive impairment.

Study on precipitation in (CoCrFeMnNi)90Al6Ti4 high entropy alloy

(CoCrFeMnNi)90Al6Ti4 high entropy alloy (HEA) was prepared by adding Al and Ti elements into CoCrFeMnNi HEA. The alloy underwent processes including copper mold suction casting, 1473 K homogenization, 30 % cold rolling + 1273 K annealing + 1073 K aging, and water quenching and heating treatment. Microstructure and phase composition of both as-cast and heat-treated (CoCrFeMnNi)90Al6Ti4 HEA were studied using metallographic microscope, scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The effect of heat treatment processes on the precipitation of second phases in (CoCrFeMnNi)90Al6Ti4 HEA was investigated, and mechanical properties of as-cast and heat-treated (CoCrFeMnNi)90Al6Ti4 HEA were studied via hardness tests. The results show that in as-cast (CoCrFeMnNi)90Al6Ti4 HEA, the second phase precipitated is primarily L21 structured AlTiNi2 phase. After homogenization, cold rolling, annealing, and aging processes, both the quantity and size of the second phase increase, with a small amount of nanoscale L12 phase appearing after aging treatment. With the progression of heat treatment, the hardness of (CoCrFeMnNi)90Al6Ti4 HEA increases, and mechanical properties are improved.

The integrated relationship between type two muscle fibers and aging: An update study

Aging is an intriguing process that fascinates many researchers. This fascination is related to the impossibility of controlling time and its influence on human beings. Many theories have been studied to understand this complex process and the impact it has on the muscular system. The ability to control this influence and how to reduce the risk of falls, prevent illnesses, and improve the quality of life of the elderly has encouraged the development of many studies related to it. It is known that type two fibers undergo more denervation than type one fibers during aging, as well as the relationship between specific characteristics and their decline. However, some questions related to how this process actually happened and the ideal exercises that can enhance hypertrophy and the recruitment of type two fibers, although resistance training has been more accepted, are not clear and require further studies focused on this issue. Therefore, considering the importance of these type 2 muscle fibers in the aging process and how they impact the elderly, the objective of this study is to be pioneer in collecting recent and relevant information associated with this specific kind of fiber, show the current gaps on the subject and encourage new research to seek knowledge that improves science.

Chinese Migrant Workers' Financial Security in Old Age-A Cultural Shift From Reliance on Filial Piety to Public Pension.

Migrant workers' retirement in rural China need not mean that they are financially ready for retirement. This study examines which factors influence migrant workers' public pension savings. Using a mixed-methods approach comprising surveys and interviews with Chinese migrant workers from three emigration provinces (Anhui, Henan, and Sichuan), we find that migrant workers with more social support and less spending on children are more likely to have public pension savings than their counterparts. We also observe an age cohort effect for spending on children: The younger cohorts of migrant workers in their 40s and 50s are more likely to spend their savings on children than save for retirement. In the dual process of urbanization and population aging, the emergence of retirement in rural China is reshaping the intergenerational relations such that the culture of filial piety is no longer the sole foundation of old-age financial security.

The Role of Phytochemicals in The Management of Lifestyle Disorders

Phytochemicals are natural chemical constituents or bioactive compounds found in medicinal plants, aromatic plants, vegetables, fruits, leaves, flowers and roots which work in conjunction with nutrients and dietary fibers to act as defense against diseases and to slow the aging process. The medicinal values of plants lie in the abilities of these phytochemicals to produce definite physiological action on the human body. A variety of phytochemicals such as polyphenols, terpenoids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, glycosides and steroids present in plants and their products are key factors in the treatment of several disorders including lifestyle disorders. Lifestyle disorders, also known as non-communicable diseases, are conditions associated with the way people live and behave. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) fact sheets, lifestyle disorders like obesity, diabetes, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, respiratory and gastrointestinal diseases account for 59 percent of the 56.5 million deaths annually and 45.9 percent of the global burden of disease (WHO, 2021). This review introduced and identified various phytochemicals reported with beneficial effects or roles and their functional classification or subclasses that have been identified to help prevent diseases associated with lifestyle changes.

Geroscience in the continuum from healthy longevity to frailty.

The socioeconomic and technological developments of the past decades have enabled unique progress associated to increased life expectancy and better health for alarge part of the world's population; however, multimorbidity, frailty and disability are also on the rise. Geroscience as the new biology of aging is based on the evidence that the main risk factor for noncommunicable chronic diseases (NCD) is the aging process; however, its technology is mostly used for the scientific study of longevity and its interaction with aging medicine and geriatrics is still limited. In this perspective, the need for atighter exchange between geroscience and geriatrics for longer health span and intrinsic capacity is discussed in the context of existing evidence and knowledge gaps.

Platelet-rich plasma in dermatology and aesthetic medicine

Introduction and purpose Aesthetic medicine is one of the youngest fields of medicine. Initially, it focused on improving the quality of life of patients by using various treatments aimed at stopping the aging process. Over time, this branch of medicine has developed dynamically, and nowadays the treatments focus not only on improving the appearance of the skin and its defects, but are also used to treat many dermatological problems. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is an autologous concentrate of platelets in a small volume of plasma. having numerous applications in many fields of medicine. The aim of this work is to present the method, focusing on its positive effects in the problems of aesthetic and regenerative medicine, as well as in some dermatological diseases. Material and methods The review was baised on the articles obtained from Pubmed and Google Scholar scientific databases from recent years using the keywords: aesthetic medicine, platelet-rich plasma, dermatology. Results The presence of numerous growth factors and other active ingredients makes the action of PRP comprehensive and based on several mechanisms. Studies show a positive effect, especially in skin rejuvenation and anti-aging prevention, hair reconstruction, wound healing and reconstruction of scars of various etiologies, as well as in pigmentation disorders. Moreover, combining PRP with other methods such as laser therapy or microneedling produces a synergistic effect, improving overall treatment results. Conclusions Platelet-rich plasma is an autologous preparation obtained after centrifugation of blood collected from the patient. The properties of PRP make it widely used in many clinical situations. is used both in aesthetic medicine and in dermatological problems. It should be emphasized that further multi-center studies are needed to standardize treatment protocols and adapt them to specific problems. Keywords: aesthetic medicine, platelet-rich plasma, dermatology.

Histological Changes in Dental Pulp During the Aging Process: Implications for Endodontic Treatment

on the results of endodontic treatment. Knowledge of these changes is essential in order to design treatment strategies that allow aging people a life with constant dental health. Objective: The objective of this study sought to perform an analysis of the histological changes that occur within dental pulp as a result of aging. Study Design: This is a cross-sectional study. Duration and Place of the Study: This study was conducted at Department Anatomy of General Hospital and Research Centre, Peshawar, from 3rd November 2022 to 2nd December 2023. Material and Methods: A total of 220 patients aged between 20-80 years, were admitted to this survey. According to age, they were classified into 20-29 years (n=41), 30-39 years (n=39),40-49 years (n=48), 50-59 years (n=45 ) and 60 -80 years( n=47). Extraction of dental pulp samples Pulp tissues were harvested from teeth that had been extracted for non-dental reasons. Histological analysis for cellularity, vascularity and fibrous content of the pulp tissue. Results: A total of 220 patients aged between 20 and 80 Years were included in this study. The biggest group of people was participants 40-49 years old (21.8%), and the smallest one is for 30-39-year-olds with (17.7%). The study found that Participants of the age groups 20–29 years showed a mean cellularity (1500 cells/mm²), with standard deviation of ±200, while those in the 60-80 years group had the lowest mean cellularity at 800 cells/mm² with a standard deviation of ±160. Conclusion: The histological changes in dental pulp with ageing have as consequences implications on endodontic treatment. Keywords: Dental Pulp, Histological Changes, Endodontic Treatment Implications

Nutraceutical and Pharmacological Benefits of Some Leguminous Plants of North‐Western Himalaya

ABSTRACTLegumes have various types of active constituents with disinfection and disease‐prevention properties. They are highly nutritious, providing carbohydrates, proteins, fibre, vitamins, copper, zinc, iron, magnesium and phosphorus. They are free of saturated fats and cholesterol. The Fabaceae or Leguminosae is regarded as legume family, which includes a major group of plant resources in the north‐western Himalayan region, primarily used as food as well as medicine. The term ‘Nutraceutical’ is derived from two words ‘nutrient’ means nourishing food component and ‘pharmaceutical’, which means a medicinal drug. It refers to any product derived from food resources having extra health benefits and nutritional value. These include minerals, vitamins, herbs and their extracts, which provide us with health benefits and play a significant role in the prevention and treatment of various diseases like diabetes, renal disorders, gastrointestinal ailments, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, allergies, eye conditions, obesity and so forth. Therefore, nutraceuticals may contribute to preventing chronic diseases, improving health, postponing the ageing process and increasing life expectancy by supporting the functions and integrity of the body. The north‐western Himalayan region has several species of legumes of utmost significance due to their nutraceutical and therapeutic potential. Among these, major legumes are lentil, chickpea, soybean, kidney bean and groundnut, while several others legumes have rather limited commercial significance. Various parts, that is, young pods, fresh or mature seeds, leaves and flowers, of these legume plants are used for human consumption. In this article, efforts have been made to compile the nutraceutical and medicinal inferences of leguminous plants of north‐west Himalaya. The information provided also pertains to the nutritional benefits, antinutritional properties and distribution of legumes in various regions of north‐western Himalaya through the analysis of different works available in the literature.

A novel treatment strategy targeting cellular pathways with natural products to alleviate sarcopenia.

Sarcopenia is a condition marked by a significant reduction in muscle mass and strength, primarily due to the aging process, which critically impacts muscle protein dynamics, metabolic functions, and overall physical functionality. This condition leads to increased body fat and reduced daily activity, contributing to severe health issues and a lower quality of life among the elderly. Recognized in the ICD-10-CM only in 2016, sarcopenia lacks definitive treatment options despite its growing prevalence and substantial social and economic implications. Given the aging global population, addressing sarcopenia has become increasingly relevant and necessary. The primary causes include aging, cachexia, diabetes, and nutritional deficiencies, leading to imbalances in protein synthesis and degradation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and hormonal changes. Exercise remains the most effective intervention, but it is often impractical for individuals with limited mobility, and pharmacological options such as anabolic steroids and myostatin inhibitors are not FDA-approved and are still under investigation. This review is crucial as it examines the potential of natural products as a novel treatment strategy for sarcopenia, targeting multiple mechanisms involved in its pathogenesis. By exploring natural products' multi-targeted effects, this study aims to provide innovative and practical solutions for sarcopenia management. Therefore, this review indicates significant improvements in muscle mass and function with the use of specific natural compounds, suggesting promising alternatives for those unable to engage in regular physical activity.

Digitising the ageing process with epigenetic clocks

Digitising the ageing process with epigenetic clocks

Lifestyle, cognitive, and psychological factors associated with a resilience phenotype in aging: a multidimensional approach on a population-based sample of oldest-old (80+).

To investigate the determinants of resilience phenotype in aging, operationalized as the maintenance of cognitive, physical, and psychological health in very old individuals (80+), we investigated the structure and interrelated impact of the main resilience-enhancing factors, which are usually studied in separate research fields. Participants were older adults without dementia recruited for the fifth wave of the InveCe.Ab population-based cohort study (aged 83-87 years). Multidimensional evaluation comprised blood sampling, social and lifestyle survey, geriatric and neuropsychological assessment. We classified resilient individuals as displaying normal cognition, functional independence, and mental health. First, we performed exploratory factor analysis (EFA) to examine the underlying structure of the relevant cognitive, lifestyle, physical, and psychological resilience-enhancing factors. The factors obtained were included as predictors of the resilience phenotype in the logistic regression model, controlling for sociodemographic and cumulative exposure to physical and psychosocial stressors, including COVID-19 infection. Among the 404 enrolled participants, 153 (38%) exhibited the resilience phenotype. EFA resulted in the identification of 6 factors (59% of variance): cognitive reserve, affective reserve, insecure attachment, current lifestyle, physical reserve, and avoidant attachment. Among these factors, cognitive reserve, affective reserve, and current lifestyle significantly and independently predicted resilience status, controlling for cumulative exposure to age-related stressors and COVID-19 infection. Our findings showed that, even in very old age, both early and late life modifiable factors affect individuals' ability to adapt to the aging process, thus confirming the importance of a life-course approach to improve health outcomes in the aged population.

Evolution of documents related to the influence of physical activity and functional capacity throughout the aging process: a bibliometric review

Evolution of documents related to the influence of physical activity and functional capacity throughout the aging process: a bibliometric review

Endogenous Tissue Engineering for Chondral and Osteochondral Regeneration: Strategies and Mechanisms.

Increasing attention has been paid to the development of effective strategies for articular cartilage (AC) and osteochondral (OC) regeneration due to their limited self-reparative capacities and the shortage of timely and appropriate clinical treatments. Traditional cell-dependent tissue engineering faces various challenges such as restricted cell sources, phenotypic alterations, and immune rejection. In contrast, endogenous tissue engineering represents a promising alternative, leveraging acellular biomaterials to guide endogenous cells to the injury site and stimulate their intrinsic regenerative potential. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in endogenous tissue engineering strategies for AC and OC regeneration, with a focus on the tissue engineering triad comprising endogenous stem/progenitor cells (ESPCs), scaffolds, and biomolecules. Multiple types of ESPCs present within the AC and OC microenvironment, including bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AD-MSCs), synovial membrane-derived mesenchymal stem cells (SM-MSCs), and AC-derived stem/progenitor cells (CSPCs), exhibit the ability to migrate toward injury sites and demonstrate pro-regenerative properties. The fabrication and characteristics of scaffolds in various formats including hydrogels, porous sponges, electrospun fibers, particles, films, multilayer scaffolds, bioceramics, and bioglass, highlighting their suitability for AC and OC repair, are systemically summarized. Furthermore, the review emphasizes the pivotal role of biomolecules in facilitating ESPCs migration, adhesion, chondrogenesis, osteogenesis, as well as regulating inflammation, aging, and hypertrophy-critical processes for endogenous AC and OC regeneration. Insights into the applications of endogenous tissue engineering strategies for in vivo AC and OC regeneration are provided along with a discussion on future perspectives to enhance regenerative outcomes.

Rapamycin Attenuates H2O2-Induced Oxidative Stress-Related Senescence in Human Skin Fibroblasts.

Oxidative stress plays an important role in the skin aging process. Rapamycin has been shown to have anti-aging effects, but its role in oxidative senescence of skin cells remains unclear. The aim of this study was to explore the effect of rapamycin on oxidative stress-induced skin cell senescence and to illustrate the mechanism. Primary human skin fibroblasts (HSFs) were extracted and a model of H2O2-induced oxidative senescence was constructed, and the effects of rapamycin on their value-added and migratory capacities were detected by CCK-8 and scratch assays. SA-β-gal was utilized to detect senescence, oxidatively closely related factors were also assessed. Gene and protein expressions of senescence, oxidative, and autophagy were detected by western blotting and quantitative-PCR. The data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance. Rapamycin (0.1nmol/L for 48h) promoted the proliferative and migration of H2O2-treated HSFs (p < 0.05), decreased senescent phenotypes SA-β-gal staining and the expression of P53, and MMP-1 proteins, and increased the expression level of COL1A-1 (p < 0.001). Rapamycin also enhanced the activities of SOD and HO-1, and effectively removed intracellular ROS, MDA levels (p < 0.05), in addition, autophagy-related proteins and genes were significantly elevated after rapamycin pretreatment (p < 0.001). Rapamycin upregulated the autophagy pathway to exert its protective effects. Our findings indicate that rapamycin shields HSFs from H2O2-induced oxidative damage, the mechanism is related to the reduction of intracellular peroxidation and upregulation of autophagy pathway. Therefore, rapamycin has the potential to be useful in the investigation and prevention of signs of aging and oxidative stress.

Predictive ability of Achilles tendon elastography for frailty in older adults.

The Achilles tendon (AT) is the largest and strongest tendon in the human body, and its elasticity is known to be affected by the aging process. However, the relation between AT stiffness and frailty in older individuals remains uncertain. This study aims to explore the potential of Achilles tendon shear wave elastography (AT-SWE) as a tool for assessing physical frailty in older adults. A total of 148 patients aged 65years and over were included in this cross-sectional study. Patients with heart failure, AT injury, stroke history, active malignancy, and claudication were excluded. All patients underwent a comprehensive geriatric assessment. Physical frailty assessment was performed with the fried frailty phenotype. Achilles tendon elastography was measured by ultrasound. The mean age of the participants was 73.8years and 62.2% were female. 30.4% of the participants were defined as frail. Achilles tendon shear wave elastography measurements were statistically lower in the frail group (p < 0.05). In the multivariate regression analysis, AT-SWE demonstrated a statistically significant association with frailty independent of confounding factors (OR 0.982, 95% CI 0.965-0.999, p value = 0.038). In the ROC curve analysis, the area under the curve for AT-SWE was 0.647 (95% CI, 0.564-0.724, p < 0.01) and the optimum cut-off point was 124.1kilopascals. These findings highlight the value of AT-SWE as a non-invasive and objective tool for predicting frailty in older adults.

A Network Pharmacology-based Study on the Anti-aging Properties of Traditional Chinese Medicine Sisheng Bulao Elixir.

Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has a rich history of use in preventing senescence for millennia in China. Nonetheless, a systematic method to study the antiaging properties and the underlying molecular mechanism of TCM remains absent. The objective of this study is to decipher the anti-aging targets and mechanisms of Sisheng Bulao Elixir (SBE) using a systematic approach based on a novel aging database and network pharmacology. Bioactive compounds and target proteins in SBE were identified via the Traditional Chinese Medicine System Pharmacology (TCMSP) database. Aging-related proteins were uncovered through alignment with the Ageing Alta database. A compound-target (CT) protein network analysis highlighted key flavonoids targeting aging. Core aging-related proteins were extracted through protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis. Molecular docking validated binding activities between core compounds and aging-related proteins. The antioxidant activity of SBE was confirmed using an in vitro senescent cells model. A total of 39 active compounds were extracted from a pool of 639 compounds in SBE. Through a matching process with the Aging Alta, 88 target proteins associated with the aging process were identified. Impressively, 80 out of these 88 proteins were found to be targeted by flavonoids. Subsequently, an analysis using CT methodology highlighted 11 top bioactive flavonoids. Notably, core aging-related proteins, including AKT1, MAPK3, TP53, VEGFA, IL6, and HSP90AA1, emerged through the PPI network analysis. Moreover, three flavonoids, namely quercetin, kaempferol, and luteolin, exhibited interactions with over 100 aging-related proteins. Molecular docking studies were conducted on these flavonoids with their shared three target proteins, namely AKT1, HSP90AA1, and IL6, to assess their binding activities. Finally, the antioxidant properties of SBE were validated using an in vitro model of senescent cells. This study offers novel insights into SBE's anti-aging attributes, providing evidence of its molecular mechanisms. It enhances our understanding of traditional remedies in anti-aging research.