Process Of Abandonment Research Articles

Domestic Space Structure and Abandonment Behavior: The Ye Family Complex at Baomei, Tong An District (Fujian, P.R. China)

Anthropological archaeology strives to recover, understand and explain past social dynamics. It relies on the uncovered material record to highlight past behavior patterns. For such a research agenda to be successful, one needs to fully understand all aspects of the processes involved in the formation of the archaeological record. It is undisputed that “Abandonment” is the condition _sine qua none_ for the formation of archaeological sites. Fieldwork conducted at the Ye Family high ranking Qing Dynasty office-holder housing complex, outlines the “use-history” of the investigated architectural complex and its adjustment to China recent contemporary history. The housing complex shifted from an initial prestigious imperial office-holder family to a “commune” housing for disadvantaged families during the cultural revolution, to be finally either progressively abandoned and/or re-cycled as storage complex. Combining informant input and field archaeology methodologies, the study of an abandoned elite traditional vernacular house provides the opportunity to decipher abandonment processes and contribute to the theoretical agenda of anthropological archaeology.

A CLASSIFICATION OF PASTORALISM IN SPAIN: UNDERSTANDING THE PAST TO ADDRESS PRESENT CHALLENGES

After centuries as a flagship economic activity, pastoralism in Spain is today in danger of collapse due to the simultaneous processes of abandonment and industrialisation. With a consensus on the need to revert this decline, a characterisation of pastoralism is needed in the design of an efficient framework for action. Through a participatory process with experts, we carried out this characterisation of Spanish pastoralism, identifying the most representative systems and communities. We studied the causes and consequences of pastoral evolution over the last 250 years, explained by biophysical, technological, governance and social parameters. We achieved a harmonised classification of eleven pastoral systems, classified into four groups with mobility parameters (large migratory systems, short-distance transterminance, daily mobile grazing and semi-wilderness). Large mobility systems were subdivided into ten pastoral communities, characterised by strong sociocultural ties beneath farm management. The consideration of pastoral systems and communities in policy can orient effective rural development, while optimising the allocation of resources for environmental conservation and climate neutrality. This article was published open access under a CC BY-NC 4.0 licence: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ .

Trends and drivers of land abandonment in Poland under Common Agricultural Policy

The results of existing research predict that the area of abandoned land will increase in many European regions. One of the countries that are the most prone to this process is Poland where agriculture, after many transformations, is still an important sector of the economy. It is essential to determine drivers of the abandonment of agricultural land use in order to effectively counteract this process. Through the Common Agricultural Policy, the European Union financially supports farmers who use agricultural land in accordance with the environmental protection requirements. This study investigated to what extent the land use, the characteristics of agricultural holdings, the demographics as well as economic factors impacted the process of land abandonment in Poland during the period 2002–2020. The analysis was carried out using statistical and spatial data pertaining to the period before and after Poland’s accession to the European Union. Our results demonstrate that the share of abandoned land within the country's agricultural area has decreased from 9.7 % to 1.2 %. Direct payments to farmers and the agrarian structure of farms were the most significant factors affecting this process. Spearman’s rank order correlations between the share of abandoned arable land and the two mentioned variables are close to or higher than 0.5 in each analysed year. The obtained results did not confirm the common conviction that environmental factors play a decisive role in the process of cultivation abandonment.

The process of island abandonment by humans in recent European history

The process of island abandonment by humans in recent European history

Investigating ‘Land-Use Trajectories’ in Mediterranean Rural Areas with Official Statistics and a Multiway Factor Analysis

While displaying diversified economic values, agro-ecosystems remain a relevant component of rural landscapes in Southern Europe. Coupled with the expansion of ecologically fragile areas because of climate warming, intensification and simplification of rural landscapes—e.g., in lowland—represent frequent trajectories of rural land-use change (RLUC) in the Mediterranean region and demonstrated to harm ecosystem functionality and ecological quality, especially in a context of socioeconomic transformations of landscapes. Additionally, an incipient ‘extensivation’ of geographically remote and economically marginal agricultural systems was also observed, likely following depopulation and land abandonment. The present study elaborated in this direction, providing an integrated RLUC evaluation scheme based on a multivariate analysis of land-use indicators derived from official statistics. This approach was applied to a continuous, long-term RLUC monitoring of a rural landscape in an ecologically complex Mediterranean region (Latium, Central Italy) experiencing multiple trends (e.g., lowland urbanization, crop intensification in gently sloping areas, and land abandonment/depopulation in steep zones) with diversified environmental implications. Based on administrative inventories, such evaluation was carried out over fifty years (1970–2020) in the study area, considering trends over time in selected crop surfaces at the municipal scale as inputs of a multiway factor analysis (MFA). This analysis quantifies stability in the main rural land-use types and possible changes in the dominant farming systems. Simplified indicators of land configuration (namely a crop intensity index and a rural woodland index reflecting ‘intensification’ or ‘extensivation’ of local farming systems) made available at the same spatial and temporal scales completed the informative picture corroborating MFA results. Taken together, our findings delineate multiple changes in rural landscapes, discriminating land-use trajectories in coastal and inland districts. These development trajectories were basically dependent on processes of (i) land abandonment in relict and remote areas, (ii) crop intensification in dynamic rural districts, and (iii) fringe urbanization along the coastal strip.

Irrigation modernization in the Ebro – Aragón region of Spain: Past and future trends

Irrigation modernization has been analyzed in the part of the Aragón region within the Ebro River Basin, in northeastern Spain. A geodatabase was built with 1144 irrigation cartographical units (ICUs) adding up to 476 k ha with access to water and equipped with on-farm irrigation hardware. ICUs were classified in eight categories related to irrigation modernization. The classification revealed that in the past two decades an integral irrigation modernization was achieved in 103 k ha. In a second modernization, 13 k ha were transformed to reduce their dependence on grid energy. A third type of modernization, oriented to the digitalization of irrigation management processes, is only incipient at this time. Public investments in modernization during this period were estimated at 36.8 M€/year. This intense, publicly co-funded, policy-driven process will be far from sufficient to complete the modernization of all irrigated land in the study area in another twenty-year period. In a concurrent process, obsolete, socially unfavored and structurally deficient irrigated areas are being abandoned for irrigation and even for farming. Specific indicators were proposed to approach the abandonment process, revealing that irrigation intensity in temperate climate, riparian ICUs was only 20 %. Irrigation in the study area needs to progress towards sustainable intensification, concentrating agricultural production in areas equipped with the technology and the water management capacities required to face the current agronomical and environmental challenges. The on-going processes of irrigation modernization, new irrigation developments and irrigation abandonment should be coordinated to serve this purpose.

Cropland abandonment in mountainous China: Patterns and determinants at multiple scales and policy implications

Understanding the formation and causes of cropland abandonment is crucial for developing effective strategies to mitigate this process. However, studies on cropland abandonment often look at one spatial scale, although the relationship between abandonment and evaluated factors may change depending on the specific scale, which limits our understanding of the process of cropland abandonment. Taking mountainous Southern Sichuan of China as an example, we utilized satellite-derived cropland abandonment maps to assess the evolving patterns of cropland abandonment from 2003 to 2018 across various scales. We then carried out a multi-scale (parcel, local and regional) assessment of the relationships between selected 17 variables representing natural, location and socioeconomic conditions and cropland abandonment. Results showed, the cropland abandonment rate increased from 2 % in 2003 to 15 % by 2018, and cropland abandonment always showed a higher concentration in the central part of the study area. At different scales, a combination of factors, which determined cropland abandonment, differed. We also found the distance to the nearest county center was scale-dependent factor and statistically significant factor of cropland abandonment only at the local scale. Among the factors with large contributions, topography mattered at all three scales; cropland per capita, aging and agricultural labor per unit of cropland mattered at the parcel and regional scales. Cropland fragmentation, air temperature and distance to the nearest settlement mattered at the local scale; the distance to the nearest water system, the distance to nearest county center and agricultural mechanization mattered at the regional scale. This multi-scale assessment framework embodied with multi-variable and multi-temporal could provide a new perspective to reveal the complex nonlinear relationship between the determinants and cropland abandonment, and further help to predict future cropland abandonment hotspots and identify relevant land-use policies.

Architectures for immersive performances in the green, digital and inclusive transition

This paper reports studies and project experiments being developed in researches financed by local authorities, the Ministry of University and Research with the support of NextGenerationEU and the European Commission. The work investigates the potential of culture, creativity and natural and built heritage in the green, digital and inclusive transition and is focused on the creation of sustainable, inclusive, beautiful spaces, involving the collaboration among different disciplines (architecture, music and immersive sound, visual arts, social sciences, and neuroscience). The studied spaces aim to create material and immaterial architectures, characterized by circular processes and therefore adaptable, flexible, removable, repositionable and reusable. We foresee the use of material elements (building products) and immaterial elements (sounds, images, colors, lights) to define spaces intended for the diffusion of different cultural forms and to implement the attractiveness of places afflicted by processes of abandonment and social degradation. Ideas, criteria and solutions for architecture and sound and video technologies (aimed at the definition of spaces whose perception involves full use of the senses as well as the application of the extended mind concept) will be presented to promote environmentally, economically and socially sustainable transformations of natural and built habitats for new forms of cultural diffusion.

Il lavoro di cura. Un settore in crisi da abbandono

The paper proposes to take into account the whole spectrum of care occupations: a set of inter-dependent activities essential for the maintenance and development of life and a fundamental support for social organisation. It also attempts to draw attention to a vicious circle that has been taking place in Italy for some time: structural disinvestment in care work, the conse-quences of which affect the quality of working conditions (as well as the quality of services offered to citizens), triggering processes of abandonment in the individual search for better working and living conditions, with a further deterioration in the conditions of remaining and a more general increase in inequalities between workers and the impoverishment of the sector as a whole.

El cerro de la Judería de Atienza: primera aproximación arqueológica

The archaeological excavations carried out in the medieval Jewish quarter of Atienza (Guadalajara) in 2022 constitute the first comprehensive approach to the archaeological site of the walled quarter in which this religious minority resided. Although there are numerous reports from written sources of the presence of an important Jewish community in Atienza during the late medieval centuries, until now there had only been a few superficial approaches to its archaeological remains. The planned archaeological excavation summarised here, carried out as part of a wider territorial study project, has documented a 13th and 14th century domestic context in the central sector of the Jewish quarter. The analysis of the exhumed structures and the archaeological materials found in context, especially ceramics and archaeozoology, allows us to establish relevant considerations regarding the processes of occupation and abandonment of the quarter and about the central question of the archaeological identification of the late medieval Jewish communities. The site is also an exceptional space for the collection of archaeobiological samples, whose potential for advancing the study of the relationship between these medieval communities and the natural environment has barely been glimpsed.

Evaluation of nanoparticle effect on heavy and light wellbore cement slurries

Cementing around the casing in oil and gas wellbores provides multiple benefits such as proper zonal isolation, casing support, and prevention of fluid migration. Wellbore cement is an important part of the completion and abandonment process. However, wellbore cement has some drawbacks such as micro-annuli formation or loss of zonal isolation. Nanoparticles (NPs) have been shown to improve the characteristics of wellbore drilling fluids but have not been used extensively in cement. The objective of this paper is to show the effect of NPs’ concentration on wellbore cement characteristics such as thickening time, viscosity, and fluid loss properties. Nanoparticle barite and magnetite were added to heavy cement and bentonite was added to light cement in intervals of 1, 3, and 5 % by weight of cement to test the resulting cement characteristics. The results showed that the thickening time increased for all concentrations of nanoparticles, except for the 5 % magnetite. The resulting yield stress of both cement mixtures increased for all concentrations of nanoparticles. The viscosity for all concentrations of nanoparticles in the heavy cement was greater than the control case, while no change in viscosity was seen with the light cement. Fluid loss generally decreased by increasing nanoparticle concentrations for both heavy and light cement. The results of this work in combination with results from the literature show that the addition of barite, magnetite, or bentonite nanoparticles can enhance wellbore cement without diminishing the pumpability and curing time.

Mapping the Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Cropland Abandonment and Recultivation across the Yangtze River Basin

Whether China can achieve the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) largely depends on the ability of main food-producing areas to cope with multiple land use change challenges. Despite the fact that the Yangtze River basin is one of the key regions for China’s food security, the spatiotemporal dynamics of cropland abandonment and recultivation remain largely unexplored in this region. The present study assesses the evolution of the agricultural system within the Yangtze River basin between 2000 and 2020 by mapping cropland abandonment and recultivation using MODIS time series and multiple land cover products. The results highlight a widespread cropland abandonment process (i.e., 10.5% of the total study area between 2000 and 2020), predominantly in Western Sichuan, Eastern Yunnan, and Central Jiangxi. Although 70% of abandoned cropland is situated in areas with slopes less than 5°, the highest rates of abandonment are in mountainous regions. However, by 2020, 74% of this abandoned cropland had been recultivated at least once, whereas half of the abandoned croplands got recultivated within three years of their initial abandonment. Hence, as this is one of the first studies that unravels the complex interaction between cropland abandonment and recultivation in a spatiotemporal explicit context, it offers (i) scientists a novel methodological framework to assess agricultural land use issues across large geographical entities, and (ii) policy-makers new insights to support the sustainable transition of the agricultural sector.

Experimental and numerical investigation of the effect of alumina on thermite reation propagation for thermal plug and abandonment of oil wells

Thermite has been considered as a potential alternative for the wellbore plug and abandonment process. This new technology, thermal P&A, may substitute cementation as a cheaper and more compelling material. In this way, different thermite systems and additives are being explored in this scenario. The present study aims to examine the effects of diluting the Fe2O3–2Al thermite system with alumina in search of a more controlled reaction by observing effects on total ejected mass, burning velocity, and temperature levels. Small-scale experiments were conducted where stainless-steel tubes were filled with the thermite system. Thermocouples welded to the tube's external surface allowed us to obtain the temperature profiles at different positions and the overall reaction propagation velocity. The 20 % diluted system suppressed the measured peak temperature, burning rate, and expelled mass of about 10%, 60%, and 45%, respectively, compared to a non-diluted system. Simplified numerical simulation assuming a zero-order kinetics mechanism presented consistent results with the experimental peak temperatures at most positions analyzed. The simulation revealed that the diluted system would not reach the aluminum vaporization temperature as observed in the non-diluted system. Still, instead, it would be limited to the alumina melting temperature of 2327 K. In summary, the diluted system showed substantial reductions in peak temperature, burning rate, and expelled mass, indicating potential cost-effective and controlled applications in Thermal P&A processes.

Shelter in Place

In this article, we interrogate the representation and construction of public park space in a settler colonial city: Toronto/Tkaronto. First, we draw on the relationship between urban neoliberalism and prudentialism to demonstrate the way public health authorities in Toronto/Tkaronto promoted a neoliberal ideology of prudentialism that emphasized individual action (e.g., social distancing, personal hygiene, sheltering in place) in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Second, we consider the extent to which this response congealed and combined with broader anxieties that were used to manage more than the virus. We focus specifically on the way these anxieties took hold in public park space, and in particular the response to encampment communities. We theorize prudentialism, as an instrument of the white settler state, to interrogate the twin processes of organized abandonment and organized violence (Gilmore 2022), which were made visible in the treatment of unhoused people amidst the pandemic in an affluent and seemingly progressive city in a nation now known as Canada. Recognizing that COVID-19 has afflicted global cities marred by real estate speculation and the continual reliance on the commodification of Indigenous Land, which has made homelessness and urban displacement a lived condition for some, we argue that public health crises result not from—and thereby cannot be solved by—prudential responsibilization, but from the willful ignorance of the neoliberal, capitalist white settler [real estate] state (Stein 2019).

Bayesian analysis of Markov modulated queues with abandonment

AbstractWe consider a Markovian queueing model with abandonment where customer arrival, service and abandonment processes are all modulated by an external environmental process. The environmental process depicts all factors that affect the exponential arrival, service, and abandonment rates. Moreover, the environmental process is a hidden Markov process whose true state is not observable. Instead, our observations consist only of customer arrival, service, and departure times during some period of time. The main objective is to conduct Bayesian analysis in order to infer the parameters of the stochastic system, as well as some important queueing performance measures. This also includes the unknown dimension of the environmental process. We illustrate the implementation of our model and the Bayesian approach by using simulated and actual data on call centers.

Considerações sobre o ensino médio, a evasão escolar e a juventude no contexto da pandemia na Argentina

Abstract Historically, the Latin American region presents evident social and educational inequalities that are represented in the educational trajectories of its youth populations; conditions that seem to be exacerbated in a pandemic. The objective of this text is to analyze the situation of secondary education in Latin America and in Argentina, in particular. To that end, regional data is provided referring to the family educational environment, geographical region, age and the characteristics of the educational institution matrix that refer to and constitute abandonment processes. Finally, this article advances on a series of contributions as to young people and feelings in pandemic context that endow the conclusions aimed at exploring renewed lines of approach to the study of education and youth.

Leaving behind (or not). Abandonment practices and selected assemblages at Middle Bronze Age Erimi‑Laonin tou Porakou

According to scholar discussion, the decision to take or to leave objects from a settlement is crucial when its abandonment is planned and the return is not anticipated. This kind of decision depends on multiple factors, such as dimensions, weight, absence of damages or repairs, means of transportation, distance to the new settlement, and ritual practices. The aim of this paper is to present a comparative analysis of the material assemblage discovered in six roofed rooms (named Units) of the workshop complex at the Middle Bronze Age site of Erimi-Laonin tou Porakou, in order to better understand the abandonment processes. The presence of fire destruction, and the distribution and state of preservation of the artefacts, provide interesting information to suggest some practices which preceded the abandonment and how some objects entered the archaeological context.

HERITAGE REQUALIFICATION PROCESS THROUGH SOCIAL PERCEPTIONS: THE CASE OF "HALLE VOLTA" IN ALGIERS

Urban industrial sites in Algeria constitute a colonial heritage that often undergoes a process of degradation and abandonment, leading to ruptures in the urban fabric. The question of their preservation is conditioned by their integration into a contemporaneity useful to the community to which they represent the heritage.
 Therefore, their future cannot be dissociated from the physical and social context they are part of, emphasizing the relationship between the object and the subject. Engaged in their epistemic posi-tions, this article proposes expertise on the heritage potential of Halle Volta, one of the industrial architectural structures from the late 19th and early 20th centuries in Algiers.
 This expertise makes it possible to understand the appreciations and perceptions engaged by a community towards this relic of the past, with the perspective of its management and transformation. This approach highlights the connection between the social and urban dimensions that can be raised by a heritage requalification project. The knowledge gained from this aims to address the issue of the requalification of Halle Volta, and, to a larger extent, the future of urban industrial heritage in Algeria.

A Survey of Technology Abandonment in US Nursing Homes

ObjectiveAdoption of health information technology (HIT) in nursing homes (NHs) improves quality of care. Although there is a robust body of research on HIT adoption, the closely related process of technology abandonment is not well understood. As NHs grow more reliant on HIT, problems of technology abandonment, defined as failure to scale up, spread, and sustain HIT need to be studied. Our objective is to describe HIT abandonment and its associations with organizational characteristics among a national sample of US NHs. DesignLongitudinal, retrospective analysis of data from 2 sources: HIT Maturity Survey and Staging model and public data from the Care Compare database. Setting and ParticipantsRandom sample of NHs (n = 299) representing each US state that completed the HIT maturity survey in 2 consecutive years: year 1 (Y1) was June 2019–August 2020 and year 2 (Y2) was June 2020–August 2021. MethodsThe primary dependent variable was technology abandonment, operationalized by using total HIT maturity score, HIT maturity stage, and subscale scores within each dimension/domain. Independent variables were NH organizational characteristics including bed size, type of ownership, urbanicity, Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Five-Star Overall Rating and Staffing Rating. ResultsOver the 2-year period, HIT abandonment occurred in 28% (n = 85) of NHs compared with 44% (n = 133) that experienced growth in HIT systems. HIT capabilities in resident care were abandoned most frequently. Using multivariable multinomial logistic regression, we found that large NHs (bed size greater than 120) were more likely to experience technology abandonment in administrative activities. Conclusions and ImplicationsTechnology abandonment can increase strain on scarce resources and may impact administrators’ ability to oversee clinical operations, especially in large NHs. This study contributes to the limited understanding of technology abandonment and can serve as a building block for others working to ensure limited resources are used effectively to improve care for NH residents.

Ḥamāma: The historical geography of settlement continuity and change in Majdal ‘Asqālan's hinterland, 1270–1750 CE

This paper deals with the dialectics of settlement continuity and change in Palestine's southern coastal plain during the Mamluk and Early Ottoman periods (1270–1750 CE). Using Ḥamāma, an Arab village in Majdal ‘Asqalān's hinterland as a test-case, the paper introduces a new method of establishing settlement continuity — a major challenge in the study of the historical geography of late medieval and Ottoman Palestine, by showing continual presence of known village lineages. The paper presents an integrative, topic-oriented discussion of Ḥamāma's administration, demography, settlement geography, economy, religion, material culture and daily life, as evidenced by literary and archaeological evidence. The paper argues that nomadic economic and security pressures led to a major process of settlement abandonment around Majdal ‘Asqalān, and the southern coastal plain in general, during the seventeenth to eighteenth centuries. The population of abandoned villages moved to surviving settlements, while the lands of abandoned settlements continued to be cultivated by neighboring villages.