Maturation Process Research Articles

Population pharmacokinetics and dose rationale for aciclovir in term and pre-term neonates with herpes.

Aciclovir is considered the first-line treatment against Herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections in new-borns and infants. As renal excretion is the major route of elimination, in renally-impaired patients, aciclovir doses are adjusted according to the degree of impairment. However, limited attention has been given to the implications of immature renal function or dysfunction due to the viral disease itself. The aim of this investigation was to characterize the pharmacokinetics of aciclovir taking into account maturation and disease processes in the neonatal population. Pharmacokinetic data obtained from 2 previously published clinical trials (n = 28) were analyzed using a nonlinear mixed effects modeling approach. Post-menstrual age (PMA) and creatinine clearance (CLCR) were assessed as descriptors of maturation and renal function. Simulation scenarios were also implemented to illustrate the use of pharmacokinetic data to extrapolate efficacy from adults. Aciclovir pharmacokinetics was described by a one-compartment model with first-order elimination. Body weight and diagnosis (systemic infection) were statistically significant covariates on the volume of distribution, whereas body weight, CLCR and PMA had a significant effect on clearance. Median clearance varied from 0.2 to 1.0 L/h in subjects with PMA <34 or ≥34 weeks, respectively. Population estimate for volume of distribution was 1.93 L with systemic infection increasing this value by almost 3-fold (2.67 times higher). A suitable model parameterization was identified, which discriminates the effects of developmental growth, maturation, and organ function. Exposure to aciclovir was found to increase with decreasing PMA and renal function (CLCR), suggesting different dosing requirement for pre-term neonates.

Amino Acid Changes during Maturation in Solanum Fruit

The goal of this study is to assess the impacts of ripening stage of four Solanum fruit species: (Solanum melanocerasum, Solanum nigrum, Solanum villosum, and Solanum retroflexum) on the content of amino acids and protein. Our objective is to enhance comprehension of the maturity process, with a particular focus on Solanum fruits, in order to determine the most advantageous time for harvesting. Amino acids play a crucial role in human nutrition by serving as building blocks for various primary and secondary metabolites. They are either a source of nutraceutical substances or important dietary components. The studied Solanum fruit’s amino acid profiles were found essential and nonessential amino acids. Our findings showed that dominant amino acids were nonessential amino acids. Depending on the ripening stage, the nonessential amino acid content of the Solanum melanocerasum fruits varied from 8.22 to 9.25 g 100 g−1, Solanum villosum from 5.34 to 6.60 g 100 g−1, Solanum nigrum from 6.12 to 8.73 g 100 g−1, and Solanum retroflexum from 8.27 to 9.75 g 100 g−1. A differentiated level of total protein is found in Solanum fruits at different ripening stages. The interval was from 10.62 to 28.06 g 100 g−1 depending on species or ripening stages.

Refinement of Different Frequency Bands of Geomagnetic Vertical Intensity Polarization Anomalies before M > 5.5 Earthquakes.

Geomagnetic vertical intensity polarization is a method with a clear mechanism, mature processing methods, and a strong ability to extract anomalous information in the quantitative analysis of seismogenic geomagnetic disturbances. The existing analyses of geomagnetic vertical intensity polarization are all based on the 5~100 s frequency band without refinement of the partitioning process. Although many successful results have been obtained, there are still two problems in the process of extracting anomalies: the geomagnetic anomalies that satisfy the determination criteria are still high in occurrence frequency; and the anomalies are distributed over too large an area in space, which leads to difficulties in determining the location of the epicenter. In this study, based on observations from western China, where fluxgate observation points are positioned in areas with frequent, densely distributed medium-strength earthquakes, we refined the frequency bands of geomagnetic vertical intensity polarization, recalculated the spatial and temporal evolution characteristics of geomagnetic disturbances before earthquakes, and improved the crossover frequency anomaly prediction index while promoting the application of the method in earthquake forecasting.

Optical redox imaging to screen synthetic hydrogels for stem cell-derived cardiomyocyte differentiation and maturation.

Heart disease is the leading cause of death in the United States, yet research is limited by the inability to culture primary cardiac cells. Cardiomyocytes (CMs) derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are a promising solution for drug screening and disease modeling. Induced pluripotent stem cell-derived CM (iPSC-CM) differentiation and maturation studies typically use heterogeneous substrates for growth and destructive verification methods. Reproducible, tunable substrates and touch-free monitoring are needed to identify ideal conditions to produce homogenous, functional CMs. We generated synthetic polyethylene glycol-based hydrogels for iPSC-CM differentiation and maturation. Peptide concentrations, combinations, and gel stiffness were tuned independently. Label-free optical redox imaging (ORI) was performed on a widefield microscope in a 96-well screen of gel formulations. We performed live-cell imaging throughout differentiation and early to late maturation to identify key metabolic shifts. Label-free ORI confirmed the expected metabolic shifts toward oxidative phosphorylation throughout the differentiation and maturation processes of iPSC-CMs on synthetic hydrogels. Furthermore, ORI distinguished high and low differentiation efficiency cell batches in the cardiac progenitor stage. We established a workflow for medium throughput screening of synthetic hydrogel conditions with the ability to perform repeated live-cell measurements and confirm expected metabolic shifts. These methods have implications for reproducible iPSC-CM generation in biomanufacturing.

Super‐liquid‐repellent thin film materials for low temperature latent heat thermal energy storage: A comprehensive review of materials for dip‐coating

AbstractWhen discharging latent heat thermal energy storage (LHTES) systems, performance is influenced by the formation and adherence of a solid layer of phase change material (PCM) on heat eXchange (HX) surfaces. Super‐liquid‐repellent thin films (STFs) may be able to reduce solidifying PCM adhesion on HX surfaces during discharging, delay PCM solidification to lower temperatures, and by modifying nucleation sites potentially enable long‐term seasonal thermal storage. Techniques employed previously to fabricate sintered polymeric STF coatings include chemical vapour deposition, dip‐coating, spray‐coating, spin‐coating, layer‐by‐layer (LbL) assembly, sol‐gel, anodizing, electrodeposition, electrospinning, so on. Dip‐coating is considered attractive for fabricating thin films on simple and complex surface geometries due to process maturity, scalability, flexibility and cost‐effectiveness. To identify suitable materials for preparing STFs on metal HX surfaces using the dip‐coating process, more than 200 journal articles published in English during the period 2010 to 2022 were reviewed and the potential role of STFs in LHTES applications was assessed. The review identified key areas and applications stimulating STF material developments and formulations. The dip‐coating of potential STF materials was classified under three major themes driving current research and development (R&amp;D) activities, that is, high performance thin films, eco‐friendly thin films and fundamental research formulations. This review provides a platform from which to develop coatings and HX systems to enable the cost‐effective implementation of STFs for improved heat transfer in future mobile/stationery LHTES systems.

Whole transcriptome RNA sequencing provides novel insights into the molecular dynamics of ovarian development in mud crab, Scylla paramamosain after mating

Ovarian development in animals is a complicated biological process, requiring the simultaneous coordination among various genes and pathways. To understand the dynamic changes and molecular regulatory mechanisms of ovarian development in mud crab (Scylla paramamosain), both histological observation and whole transcriptome sequencing of ovarian tissues at different mating stages were implemented in this study. The histological results revealed that ovarian development was delayed in unmated females (60 days after courtship behavior but not mating), who exhibited an oocyte diameter of 56.38 ± 15.17 μm. Conversely, mated females exhibited accelerated the ovarian maturation process, with females reaching ovarian stage III (proliferative stage) 23 days after mating and attained an average oocyte diameter of 132.19 ± 15.07 μm. Thus, mating process is essential in promoting the rapid ovarian development in mud crab. Based on the whole transcriptome sequencing analysis, a total of 518 mRNAs, 1502 lncRNAs, 18 circRNAs and 151 miRNAs were identified to be differentially expressed between ovarian tissues at different mating stages. Notably, six differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with ovarian development were identified, including ovary development-related protein, red pigment concentrating hormone receptor, G2/mitotic-specific cyclin-B3-like, lutropin-chorio gonadotropic hormone receptor, renin receptor, and SoxB2. More importantly, both DEGs and targets of differentially expressed non-coding RNAs (DEncRNAs) were enriched in renin-angiotensin system, TGF-β signaling, cell adhesion molecules, MAPK signaling pathway, and ECM-receptor interaction, suggesting that these pathways may play significant roles in the ovarian development of mud crabs. Moreover, competition endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks were constructed while mRNAs were differentially expressed between mating stages were involved in Gene Ontology (GO) biological processes such as developmental process, reproduction, and growth. These findings could provide solid foundations for the future development of female mud crab maturation enhancement strategy, and improve the understanding of the ovarian maturation process in crustaceans.

CXCR3 participates in asymmetric division of mouse oocytes by modulating actin dynamics

Extensive research has been conducted on the role of CXCR3 in immune responses and inflammation. However, the role of CXCR3 in the reproductive system, particularly in oocyte development, remains unknown. In this study, we present findings on the involvement of CXCR3 in the meiotic division process of mouse oocytes. We found CXCR3 was expressed consistently throughout the entire maturation process of mouse oocyte. Inhibition of CXCR3 impaired the asymmetric division of oocyte, while the injection of Cxcr3 mRNA was capable of restoring these defects. Further study showed that inhibition of CXCR3 perturbed spindle migration by affecting LIMK/cofilin pathway-mediated actin remodeling. Knockout of CXCR3 led to an upregulation of actin-binding protein and an increased ATP level in GV-stage oocytes, while maintaining normal actin dynamics during the process of meiosis. Additionally, we noticed the expression level of DYNLT1 is markedly elevated in CXCR3-null oocytes. DYNLT1 bound with the Arp2/3 complex, and knockdown of DYNLT1 in CXCR3-null oocytes impaired the organization of cytoplasmic actin, suggesting the regulatory role of DYNLT1 in actin organization, and the compensatory expression of DYNLT1 may contribute to maintain normal actin dynamics in CXCR3-knockout oocytes. In summary, our findings provide insights into the intricate network of actin dynamics associated with CXCR3 during oocyte meiosis.

Studying children’s small science and early engineering learning process to help shape their cultural identity in culturally valued play-based experience

There are no conflicts between intentional teaching and play-based learning. However, educators find it challenging to establish the pedagogical relationship between them as they struggle to conceptualise and enact their role in the play-based context. In particular, educators’ confidence level is not enough to teach science and engineering in a play-based context. However, there is an increasing demand to integrate teaching practice for STEM learning in early childhood settings. Play is a pleasure and a leading source for children’s learning and cultural maturation process as part of their social and cultural experiences, and adults’ support can enhance children’s STEM learning process in a play-based context. This paper investigates how educators’ intentional teaching plan can support children’s small science and engineering learning process in culturally valued play. A total of 50 h of video data, representing 64 children aged from 10 months to 5 years, were collected through digital video observation over a period of seven weeks in an early childhood centre in Australia. This paper uses the dialectical interactive approach to analyse a 95-min video clip of children’s (3 to 5 years of age) play in a cultural context. It is argued that educators progress their learning and confidence to teach science and engineering in play-based settings when they could choose the activity from their community culture or centre-based practice. The findings of the study provide a pedagogical model for educators, which provides a conceptual framework for STEM-based learning in a culturally valued play.

Mitochondrial RNA Helicases: Key Players in the Regulation of Plant Organellar RNA Splicing and Gene Expression.

Mitochondrial genomes of land plants are large and exhibit a complex mode of gene organization and expression, particularly at the post-transcriptional level. The primary organellar transcripts in plants undergo extensive maturation steps, including endo- and/or exo-nucleolytic cleavage, RNA-base modifications (mostly C-to-U deaminations) and both 'cis'- and 'trans'-splicing events. These essential processing steps rely on the activities of a large set of nuclear-encoded factors. RNA helicases serve as key players in RNA metabolism, participating in the regulation of transcription, mRNA processing and translation. They unwind RNA secondary structures and facilitate the formation of ribonucleoprotein complexes crucial for various stages of gene expression. Furthermore, RNA helicases are involved in RNA metabolism by modulating pre-mRNA maturation, transport and degradation processes. These enzymes are, therefore, pivotal in RNA quality-control mechanisms, ensuring the fidelity and efficiency of RNA processing and turnover in plant mitochondria. This review summarizes the significant roles played by helicases in regulating the highly dynamic processes of mitochondrial transcription, RNA processing and translation in plants. We further discuss recent advancements in understanding how dysregulation of mitochondrial RNA helicases affects the splicing of organellar genes, leading to respiratory dysfunctions, and consequently, altered growth, development and physiology of land plants.

Does Gender Matter? The Difference of Stress in Adolescents

Adolescence, as a turning point in the human life, denotes the process of maturation and reaching adulthood. Based on the empirical findings presented above, the objective of this study is to investigate whether gender serves as a determinant in these pressures and their associations. Two questionnaires are used in the work, one is the ASQ (Adolescent Stress Questionnaire) and one is the DASS-21 (Depression Anxiety Stress Scale). The data used in study were obtained from a sample of more than 120 students in 10 classrooms (3 schools), aged between 12 and 18 years. The data obtained through investigation and research shows that adolescent stress levels are not significantly reflected in gender differences, and there is a significant correlation between ASQ and DASS. The effects of the relationship between the gender difference are still unclear, and so further research must be conducted.

Human Dendritic Cell Maturation Is Modulated by Leishmania mexicana through Akt Signaling Pathway.

Dendritic cells (DC) along with macrophages are the main host cells of the intracellular parasite Leishmania. DC traverse a process of maturation, passing through an immature state with phagocytic ability to a mature one where they can modulate the immune response through the secretion of cytokines. Several studies have demonstrated that Leishmania inhibits DC maturation. Nevertheless, when cells are subjected to a second stimulus such as LPS/IFN-γ, they manage to mature. In the maturation process of DC, several signaling pathways have been implicated, importantly MAPK. On the other hand, Akt is a signaling pathway deeply involved in cell survival. Some Leishmania species have shown to activate MAPK and Akt in different cells. The aim of this work was to investigate the role of ERK and Akt in the maturation of monocyte-derived DC (moDC) infected with L. mexicana. moDC were infected with L. mexicana metacyclic promastigotes, and the phosphorylation of ERK and Akt, the expression of MHCII and CD86 and IL-12 transcript, and secretion were determined in the presence or absence of an Akt inhibitor. We showed that L. mexicana induces a sustained Akt and ERK phosphorylation, while the Akt inhibitor inhibits it. Moreover, the infection of moDC downregulates CD86 expression but not MHCII, and the Akt inhibitor reestablishes CD86 expression and 12p40 production. Thus, L. mexicana can modulate DC maturation though Akt signaling.

Applying Neural ODEs to Derive a Mechanism-Based Model for Characterizing Maturation-Related Serum Creatinine Dynamics in Preterm Newborns.

Serum creatinine in neonates follows complex dynamics due to maturation processes, most pronounced in the first few weeks of life. The development of a mechanism-based model describing complex dynamics requires high expertise in pharmacometric (PMX) modeling and substantial model development time. A recently published machine learning (ML) approach of low-dimensional neural ordinary differential equations (NODEs) is capable of modeling such data from newborns automatically. However, this efficient data-driven approach in itself does not result in a clinically interpretable model. In this work, an approach to deriving an interpretable model with reasonable PMX-type functions is presented. This "translation" was applied to derive a PMX model for serum creatinine in neonates considering maturation processes and covariates. The developed model was compared to a previously published mechanism-based PMX model whereas both models had similar mechanistic structures. The developed model was then utilized to simulate serum creatinine concentrations in the first few weeks of life considering different covariate values for gestational age and birth weight. The reference serum creatinine values derived from these simulations are consistent with observed serum creatinine values and previously published reference values. Thus, the presented NODE-based ML approach to model complex serum creatinine dynamics in newborns and derive interpretable, mathematical-statistical components similar to those in a conventional PMX model demonstrates a novel, viable approach to facilitate the modeling of complex dynamics in clinical settings and pediatric drug development.

Perspective on electrically active defects in β-Ga2O3 from deep-level transient spectroscopy and first-principles calculations

The ultra-wide bandgap of gallium oxide provides a rich plethora of electrically active defects. Understanding and controlling such defects is of crucial importance in mature device processing. Deep-level transient spectroscopy is one of the most sensitive techniques for measuring electrically active defects in semiconductors and, hence, a key technique for progress toward gallium oxide-based components, including Schottky barrier diodes and field-effect transistors. However, deep-level transient spectroscopy does not provide chemical or configurational information about the defect signature and must, therefore, be combined with other experimental techniques or theoretical modeling to gain a deeper understanding of the defect physics. Here, we discuss the current status regarding the identification of electrically active defects in beta-phase gallium oxide, as observed by deep-level transient spectroscopy and supported by first-principles defect calculations based on the density functional theory. We also discuss the coordinated use of the experiment and theory as a powerful approach for studying electrically active defects and highlight some of the interesting but challenging issues related to the characterization and control of defects in this fascinating material.

Microbial functional metabolism drives the effects of exogenous additives on carbon storage and degradation during aerobic composting

This study conducted composting experiments using cow manure and wheat straw, employing five different treatment methods (CK, magnetized water treatment-M, magnetized water combined with biochar treatment-SM, magnetized water combined with ferrous sulfate treatment-FM, magnetized water combined with Bacillus megaterium treatment-GM), aiming to accelerate the composting maturation process and reduce carbon loss. The results of the experiments showed that the SM treatment entered the thermophilic phase on the second day and lasted for 9 days, resulting in the best maturation effect. The FM treatment increased the carbon content in the compost, effectively preserving carbon sources. principal component analysis analysis revealed significant differences in microbial community structures due to different treatments. Additionally, structural equation modeling observations indicated that different treatments affected the compost environment, thereby influencing microbial activity and carbon content. Overall, the SM treatment positively affected the compost maturation process, while the FM treatment effectively preserved carbon sources in the compost.

Correlation between the region of interest in digital radiography, Hounsfield units, and histological maturation on Wistar rats submitted to tibial fracture

Objective: Study the relationship between the region of interest (ROI) and Hounsfield units (HU) in the tibial bone callus. Methods: Twenty-one adult Wistar rats were submitted to tibial fracture. The fracture was radiographed after their euthanasia, and the bone calluses were analyzed histologically after being stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Euthanasia occurred between the 2nd and 6th weeks after fracture and fixation, thus obtaining various consolidation stages. Histologically, vessels, chondroblasts, connective tissue (collagen), maximum size of the chondrocyte, and the concentration of chondrocytes were quantified. Results: It was observed that the higher the HU, the more mature and closer to bone consolidation it is, proving that the use of ROI and bone callus measurement with HU is reliable for the histological process of maturation of the bone callus and can be safely used as proof of evolution of the bone healing process. Conclusion: The ROI was successfully used in digital radiography to observe HU in fractured bones. Level of Evidence IV; Therapeutic Studies; Case Series.

Research on and Application of Feature Recognition and Intelligent Retrieval Method for Multi-Component Alloy Powder Injection Molding Gear Based on Partition Templates

The forming process of multi-alloy gears by metal powder injection molding is tedious, and the current design process mainly depends on the experience of designers, which seriously affects the product development cycle and forming quality. In order to solve the problem of the gear feature expression being missing, which hinders the automatic retrieval of similar parts in the analogical design process, a feature recognition and intelligent retrieval method for a multi-alloy powder injection molding gear based on partition templates is proposed in this paper. The partition templates of the gear are defined, and gear digitization is completed by using the automatic recognition algorithm. Searching for similar gear parts in the knowledge base, designers can analogically design the forming process for new parts according to the mature process of the parts in the knowledge base. The automatic identification and intelligent retrieval system developed according to this method has been implemented in two MIM (metal injection molding) product manufacturing enterprises. Case studies and industrial applications have proved the effectiveness of the system, the efficiency of identification and retrieval has been improved by more than 97%, and the number of mold tests has been reduced by 60%.

Structural basis of pri-let-7 recognition by human pseudouridine synthase TruB1

Let-7 was one of the first microRNAs (miRNAs) to be discovered and its expression promotes differentiation during development and function as tumor suppressors in various cancers. The maturation process of let-7 miRNA is tightly regulated by multiple RNA-binding proteins. For example, LIN28 binds to the terminal loops of the precursors of let-7 family and block their processing into mature miRNAs. Trim25 promotes the uridylation-mediated degradation of pre-let-7 modified by LIN28/TUT4. Recently, human pseudouridine synthase TruB1 has been reported to facilitate let-7 maturation by directly binding to pri-let-7 and recruiting Drosha-DGCR8 microprocessor. Through biochemical assay and structural investigation, we show that human TruB1 binds specifically the terminal loop of pri-let-7a1 at nucleotides 31–41, which folds as a small stem-loop architecture. Although TruB1 recognizes the terminal loop of pri-let-7a1 in a way similar to how E. coli TruB interacts with tRNA, a conserved KRKK motif in human and other higher eukaryotes adds an extra binding interface and strengthens the recognition of TruB1 for pri-let-7a1 through electrostatic interactions. These findings reveal the structural basis of TruB1-pri-let-7 interaction which may assists the elucidation of precise role of TruB1 in biogenesis of let-7.

17α-ethinyl estradiol induces behavioral and reproductive damages in zebrafish (Danio rerio)

Synthetic estrogen 17α-ethinyl estradiol (EE2) is recognized for its ability to cause endocrine disruption in aquatic organisms and its high resistance to environmental degradation, being found in Brazilian waterbodies up to 100 ng L-1. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the exploratory behavior and the histological effects on zebrafish gonads, caused by environmentally relevant concentrations of EE2. Females were exposed to nominal concentrations of 25 ng L-1 and 100 ng L-1 EE2 for 21 days. After that, a behavioral and histological analysis of gonads was performed. The EE2 caused the reduction of the exploratory activity of the animals, when observed the behavior, and an acceleration of the maturation process of the oocytes evaluated in the histological analysis. Considering the results obtained after the exposure to EE2, we highlight the concern about the potential risks it may cause to the aquatic biota, alerting to the need to control and monitor these micropollutants present in Brazilian water resources.

Antioxidant Activity, Theaflavin, Total Polyphenol, and Catechin Composition of Camellia sinensis Processing Effluents from Various Factories in Kenya

Research into the antioxidant efficacy and sustainability implications of tea waste, a by-product of the rapidly growing global beverage industry, is increasingly necessary. This study scrutinized samples taken from various factories to explore their capacity for free radical scavenging and potential public health and environmental benefits. Analysis of the samples and reference antioxidant (BHT) revealed a notable dose- dependent rise in free-radical-scavenging action, implying a positive concentration-dependent antioxidant efficacy. Variations in antioxidant activity occurred from tea wastes sourced at various factories, alluding to geography having a pivotal effect on the biological contents and antioxidative capacity. Of particular interest were Boito's and Chelal's cyclone fluff samples that evinced relatively lower potency than those from other factories. Tombe factory's cyclone sample demonstrated a superior capacity for scavenging free radicals at different concentrations, suggesting that particular production or cultivation processes augmented its effectiveness. Notably, some tea waste samples even equalled the potency of BHT (a synthetic antioxidant) when augured to its highest level. Furthermore, this study revealed disparities in Theaflavin and Thearubigin content due to factors like maturation period and processing methods guiding these concentrations. We identified tea waste samples possessing remarkable polyphenol concentration, thereby providing valuable insights for consumers and industries. Further investigations on the chemical composition of tea waste phytocompounds are paramount due to their acclaimed health-promoting properties and the factors influencing their concentrations and antioxidant efficacy.

Characteristics of the phyllosphere microbial community and its relationship with major aroma precursors during the tobacco maturation process.

Numerous bacteria, fungi and other microorganisms in the tobacco phyllosphere interstellar area participate in the physiological metabolism of plants by interacting with the host. However, there is currently little research on the characteristics of tobacco phyllosphere microbial communities, and the correlation between tobacco phyllosphere microbial communities and phyllosphere factor indicators is still unknown. Therefore, high-throughput sequencing technology based on the 16S rRNA/ITS1 gene was used to explore the diversity and composition characteristics of tobacco phyllosphere bacterial and fungal communities from different maturation processes, and to identify marker genera that distinguish phyllosphere microbial communities. In this study, the correlations between tobacco phyllosphere bacterial and fungal communities and the precursors of major aroma compounds were explored. The results showed that as the tobacco plants matured, the density of glandular trichomes on the tobacco leaves gradually decreased. The surface physicochemical properties of tobacco leaves also undergo significant changes. In addition, the overall bacterial alpha diversity in the tobacco phyllosphere area increased with maturation, while the overall fungal alpha diversity decreased. The beta diversity of bacteria and fungi in the tobacco phyllosphere area also showed significant differences. Specifically, with later top pruning time, the relative abundances of Acidisoma, Ralstonia, Bradyrhizobium, Alternaria and Talaromyces gradually increased, while the relative abundances of Pseudomonas, Filobassidium, and Tausonia gradually decreased. In the bacterial community, Acidisoma, Ralstonia, Bradyrhizobium, and Alternaria were significantly positively correlated with tobacco aroma precursors, with significant negative correlations with tobacco phyllosphere trichome morphology, while Pseudomonas showed the opposite pattern; In the fungal community, Filobasidium and Tausonia were significantly negatively correlated with tobacco aroma precursors, and significantly positively correlated with tobacco phyllosphere trichome morphology, while Alternaria showed the opposite pattern. In conclusion, the microbiota (bacteria and fungi) and aroma precursors of the tobacco phyllosphere change significantly as tobacco matures. The presence of Acidisoma, Ralstonia, Bradyrhizobium and Alternaria in the phyllosphere microbiota of tobacco may be related to the aroma precursors of tobacco.