Process In Water Treatment Plant Research Articles

Evaluation of phosphate insecticides and common herbicides: monitoring and risk assessment in water treatment plant, distribution networks, and underground water wells

ABSTRACT Despite the negative effects that the use of pesticides (such as herbicides and insecticides) have on human health and water resources, a significant portion of the world's agricultural production depends on them. The purpose of this study was to determine selected residual concentrations of pesticides (diazinon, ethion, malathion, alachlor, methyl-parathion, trifluralin, atrazine, chlorpyrifos, and azinphos-methyl) in samples from Shiraz potable water sources. For this purpose, water treatment plant, groundwater wells, treated surface water, and a mixture of groundwater and treated surface water were taken. In addition, statistical and risk analyses (carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic) were used. According to the results, chlorpyrifos with 84.4% had the highest removal efficiency and methyl-parathion with 10% had the lowest removal rate in the Shiraz water treatment plant process. The highest mean concentration was related to azinphos-methyl (1.5 μg/L) and chlorpyrifos (0.59 μg/L) in the groundwater samples. All measured compounds in water source samples were below standard levels, except for chlorpyrifos and azinphos-methyl, which were reported in groundwater above the limit recommended by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The results showed that while the selected pesticides measured had a low non-carcinogenic risk for both adults and children, malathion and trifluralin posed a high carcinogenic risk for adults.

Evaluation in Reservoir/Pipeline water by fluorescence and remediation of taste and odor contaminants via adsorption-coagulation process

Water quality is affected due to the intensification of agricultural activities, causing algae and bacterial eutrophication, contributing to drinking water’s taste and odor (T&O) issues, and producing undesirable odorants and metabolites. Water samples were taken from the reservoir (point 1) and the pipeline entering the water treatment plant (point 2). The change in water quality was evaluated by fluorescence, which showed an increase in the concentration of T&O and natural organic matter (NOM). A modified biomass composite material (MBCM) was synthesized to mitigate the issue using SiO2/Al2O3 and AlOOH. The synthesized MBCM has a core–shell, petal-like symmetric structure with micro and meso pores. In the biomass core, composite material SiO2/Al2O3 provides micropores for the adsorption of geosmin (GSM) and free di-methylisoborneol (2-MIB). At the same time, AlOOH surrounds itself as a shell structure less dense than the core, seizing humic acid (HA) and 2-MIB bound with (NOM). Studies analyzed that the correlation of protein substance with 2-MIB has physical entanglement. MBCM proved effective in eliminating the physical entanglement of pollutants, making enriched sediments and removing 91.10%, 82.50%, and 52.36% GSM, 2-MIB, and HA, respectively, in a notable 10-minute adsorption time. The fluorescence spectrum shows a sizable reduction in intensity after adsorptive treatment. MBCM was also successfully regenerated using alkaline treatment. By the concept of adsorption-coagulation, MBCM had eliminated the T&O and NOM entanglement, enriched the sediments, increased sedimentation speed, reduced overall water treatment plant process length, and eliminated secondary pollution issues.

Human health risk assessment of Triclosan in water: spatial analysis of a drinking water system.

Triclosan (TCS) has been increased in the water during the COVID-19 pandemic because it cannot remove by conventional water treatment. In addition, it can accumulate in the human body over time through long-term exposure. Therefore, the occurrence of TCS in the water treatment plant (WTP) and tap water, and its human health risk assessment through tap water ingestion, dermal absorption, and inhalation routes in Isfahan, Iran, were investigated. Moreover, spatial regression methods were used for the prediction of water quality parameters, TCS concentration, and total hazard quotient (HQ). The average TCS concentration in the influent and effluent of WTP and tap water was 1.6, 1.4, and 0.4 μg/L, respectively. Conventional WTP has low efficiency in the removal of TCS (12.6%) from water. The average values of total HQ for males were 7.79×10-5, 4.97×10-4, and 4.97×10-5 and for females were 3.31×10-5, 2.11×10-4, and 2.11×10-5 based on RfDEPA, RfDMDH, and RfDRodricks, respectively that were in the low-risk levels (HQ<1). Furthermore, TCS concentration in tap water and the ingestion rate of drinking water had the highest effect on the risk of TCS exposure from tap water. The non-carcinogenic health risk of TCS in water was low. The results of this study may be useful for promoting WTP processes to remove emerging pollutants.

Design of Water PH Quality Monitoring System in PT SIER Industrial Area Based on Internet of Things at Waste Water Treatment Plant

PT SIER's Waste Water Treatment Plant manages industrial and domestic wastewater obtained from industrial activities in the PT SIER Industrial area. Waste Water Treatment Plant PT SIER has been established since 1980. Over time, growth and development industry is increasing so that it adds to the WWTP burden. With respect to the load the more heavy so need in take note a number of matter following among them Waste fluid contaminated products from the manufacturing process must be treated and controlled for its pH content, the volume of waste water to be treated, the quality of water resulting from the Waste Water Treatment Plant process Which expected, convenience in matter management water waste, energy sources, as well as costs low process operation. This study aims to cut the process of taking sample water waste until analysis laboratory For get results monitoring quality pH water. On study This writer make system monitoring quality pH water in area industry PT. SIER based Internet of Things on waste water treatment Plant. With utilizing ESP32 which is integrated by the Internet of Things (IOT) via the internet network from Wi-Fi routers. Results quality monitoring data water can seen in realtime passes appearance mark pH, mark TDS And mark Temperature Which accessed through smartphones nor PC so that mark water quality delivered to the Blynk app.

Assessing the Efficacy of Coagulation (Al3+) and Chlorination in Water Treatment Plant Processes: Inactivating Chironomid Larvae for Improved Tap Water Quality

In response to the finding of chironomid larvae in tap water, South Korea’s water treatment system has stepped up water quality monitoring. However, due to the challenging nature of larval behavior, effective elimination remains difficult despite the use of various purification techniques such as coagulation, sedimentation, filtration, and disinfection. Based on it, the aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of coagulation and chlorination in inactivating chironomid larvae and investigate their behavior. The coagulation experiment tested how the behavior of the larvae changed in water with a high turbidity level of ±100 mg/L and 2 mg/L Al3+ as a coagulant, compared to water with a lower turbidity level of ±30 mg/L and 1 mg/L of Al3+ as a coagulant. The larvae were exposed to various doses of chlorine (0.5–20 mg/L as Cl) in 500 mL beaker glasses. The behavioral activity of the larvae was observed at different time points for 5 days. It was found that chironomid larvae exhibit different responses to exposure to coagulant and chlorine, with coagulation causing the formation of flocs that cover the larval body as a protective measure. Conversely, exposure to chlorine causes a decrease in activity and growth, leading to the death of the larvae and subsequent melting. The results showed that the first instar larvae dead after 48 h of exposure to coagulation treatment, while the first instar larvae exposed to chlorination experienced mortality after a mere 5 min of exposure to 10–20 mg/L as Cl. The larvae can still grow and transform into pupae and adults, especially during the third and fourth instars, even after exposure to coagulant and chlorine with low dosage. These findings suggest that the floc generated during coagulation must be thoroughly cleaned, as it may contain larvae that can persist and develop further. Furthermore, the presence of larvae during the chlorination process highlights the need for alternative, more effective oxidants to be utilized in place of the conventional chlorine treatment.

The Efficiency Assessment of Poly-Aluminium Chloride (PAC) in Water Treatment Plant Process: A Case Study at Sultan Iskandar Water Treatment Plant, Johor

The rate of population growth and river pollution are significant factors contributing to the increase in water demand in Johor. Generally, this may affect the quality of water treated at one of the biggest water treatment plants in Johor namely Sultan Iskandar Water Treatment Plant (SIWTP). The coverage of SIWTP water supply is wide and comprise almost all area of Pasir Gudang and half of the Johor Bahru district. This situation indirectly affects consumer demand when the treated water is insufficiently supplied by the potable water supply provider due to the use of conventional coagulants in the water treatment plant process. Therefore, this is an initial study as the Poly-Aluminium Chloride (PAC) coagulant is still in the early stages of implementation at SIWTP. It is important to determine the performance of PAC coagulant in the coagulation-flocculation process of the water treatment plant. The PAC performance is compared to Aluminium Sulphate which is a common type of coagulant used in the treatment plant, in order to establish efficiency. A pH adjustment test, turbidity test and the residual Aluminium test were conducted for both coagulants and six jar test readings were recorded to plot the comparison graph between PAC and Alum coagulants. The results showed that PAC is more efficient with 83.74% as compared with Alum which has an efficiency rate of 83.35%. Even though the difference is too small, it is concluded that PAC has better performance and is more efficient compared to Alum due to its better coagulation performance. In addition, PAC produces lesser residual Aluminium and required a lesser amount of dosage. This may reduce cost and therefore save overall operating costs.

Assessment and Optimization of Coagulation Process in Water Treatment Plant: A Review

The rapid growth of the human population, industrialization, and urbanization has threatened the global demand for safe drinking water. Water treatment plant plays a vital role in purifying the raw water for consumer use. The typical water treatment process are coagulation-flocculation, sedimentation, and filtration. Among them, the coagulation-flocculation process is the primary stage in the treatment process. This paper reviews and discusses the optimization strategies of a coagulation-flocculation process to enhance overall treatment efficiency. The working principle of the coagulation-flocculation process is first discussed to understand the treatment process better. Next, the importance of aluminum-based coagulants is addressed as chemical coagulants are one of the key factors that can improve the process. The removals of natural organic matter (NOM) by the coagulation-flocculation process were reviewed as NOM normally contributes to the discoloration of water. The optimization of coagulant dosage was also discussed to depict the consequence of uncontrolled dosage. Finally, dosing control strategies in real-time were discussed, namely direct and indirect dosing control.

Effects of treatment processes on AOC removal and changes of bacterial diversity in a water treatment plant

The effectiveness of different treatment processes on assimilable organic carbon (AOC) removal and bacterial diversity variations was evaluated in a water treatment plant. The van der Kooij technique was applied for AOC analysis and responses of bacterial communities were characterized by the metagenomics assay. Results show that the AOC concentrations were about 93, 148, 43, 51, 37, and 38 μg acetate-C/L in effluents of raw water basin, preozonation, rapid sand filtration (RSF), ozonation, biofiltration [biological activated carbon (BAC) filtration], and chlorination (clear water), respectively. Increased AOC concentrations were observed after preozonation, ozonation, and chlorination units due to the production of biodegradable organic matters after the oxidation processes. Results indicate that the oxidation processes were the main causes of AOC formation, which resulted in significant increases in AOC concentrations (18–59% increment). The AOC removal efficiencies were 47, 28, and 60% in the RSF, biofiltration, and the whole system, respectively. RSF and biofiltration were responsible for the AOC treatment and both processes played key roles in AOC removal. Thus, both RSF and biofiltration processes would contribute to AOC treatment after oxidation. Sediments from the raw water basin and filter samples from RSF and BAC units were collected and analyzed for bacterial communities. Results from scanning electron microscope analysis indicate that bacterial colonization was observed in filter materials. This indicates that the surfaces of the filter materials were beneficial to bacterial growth and AOC removal via the adsorption and biodegradation mechanisms. Next generation sequencing analyses demonstrate that water treatment processes resulted in the changes of bacterial diversity and community profiles in filters of RSF and BAC. According to the findings of bacterial composition and interactions, the dominant bacterial phyla were Proteobacteria (41% in RSF and 56% in BAC) followed by Planctomycetes and Acidobacteria in RSF and BAC systems, which might affect the AOC biodegradation efficiency. Results would be useful in developing AOC treatment and management processes in water treatment plants.

Concentrations and distributions of neonicotinoids in drinking water treatment plants in South Korea

We investigated the fates of seven neonicotinoids (NNIs) in full-scale drinking water treatment plants and assessed human exposure to NNIs through consuming drinking water. The total NNI concentrations in raw water and treated water samples from the drinking water treatment plants were 20.4–166 ng/L (median 118 ng/L) and 1.11–94.7 ng/L (median 20.4 ng/L), respectively. The dinotefuran (DIN) concentrations in raw water collected in different seasons were different, and the highest DIN concentration was found in summer. The drinking water treatment processes removed >91% of the NNIs except DIN and thiamethoxam (THIAM), for which the mean removal rates were 70% and 74%, respectively. The removal rates for all of the NNIs were higher for the granular activated carbon filtration process (mean 83.5%) than the other drinking water treatment plant processes (coagulation/sedimentation 22.3%, ozonation 29.2%). However, the removal rates in the granular activated carbon process were lower for DIN and THIAM (61.0% and 59.2%, respectively) than the other NNIs. Significant correlations were found between the NNI removal rates and physicochemical properties (solubility in water and log (octanol–water partition coefficient)). The estimated mean human exposure to NNIs in drinking water was 0.528 ng/(kg body weight d).

Improvement of Water Treatment Plant Process for Arsenic and Manganese Removal

ABSTRACT The City of White Rock acquired the water system from EPCOR in October 2015. The City of White Rock decided to build a water treatment plant to treat the City’s existing groundwater supplies to remove naturally occurring manganese and arsenic to ensure that an improved drinking water quality is supplied to City residents that meets the Canadian guidelines and esthetic objectives. The City’s water supply is from groundwater wells located within the City municipal boundaries drawing from the confined Sunnyside Aquifer. There are seven operating, drilled wells. The Water Treatment Plant was built at the Oxford Pumping Station area. Construction of the Design Build water treatment plant (WTP) started in March 2018. The plant started operation in March 2019. The WTP treatment design objectives are to deliver drinking water meeting the following operational targets; Mn <0.02 mg/L, As <0.002 mg/L (95% of time, 0.005 mg/L for 5% of operation). All other water quality parameters shall meet the objectives of the Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality (GCDWQ) without treatment. The initial water quality data showed a significant removal of arsenic and manganese. However, after a few weeks of operation, the WTP performance for arsenic and manganese started to decline. Regeneration of the filter media was discussed with the contractor and manufacturer and implemented. The sequential regeneration of the four adsorbers was conducted successfully over a two-week period. Following the regeneration, arsenic concentration in the treated water effluent from the four parallel adsorbers was well within the water treatment plant Design Objectives of <0.002 mg/L. The staff of the Water Department worked to optimize the operation and make the changes needed to improve the performance of the plant.

A novel peroxymonosulfate (PMS)-enhanced iron coagulation process for simultaneous removal of trace organic pollutants in water

Conventional coagulation process is not effective to eliminate trace organic compounds (TrOCs). This study proposed a novel peroxomonosulfate (PMS) amended iron coagulation process and found its effectiveness in eliminating TrOCs in synthetic and natural waters. In synthetic waters containing hydroquinone (HQ) or benzoquinone (BQ), Fe(III)/PMS effectively degraded carbamazepine (CBZ), a representative of resistant TrOCs. The step of reduction of Fe(III) to form Fe(II) governed the degradation rate of CBZ as PMS activation by Fe(II) was the dominant reaction to generate SO4•-, which was the major reactive oxidant in the system. Meanwhile, HQ was quickly transformed to BQ in the Fe(III)/PMS system and BQ acted as an electron shuttle to induce Fe(III)/Fe(II) redox cycle and accelerate PMS activation. Natural organic matter (NOM) bearing phenolic and quinone moieties played similar roles as HQ and BQ and fast CBZ degradation was also observed. Finally, two surface waters spiked CBZ were subjected to bench-scale experimentation to simulate coagulation/flocculation/sedimentation processes in water treatment plants. Compared to the conventional iron coagulation process, the PMS-amended iron coagulation process increased the removal percentage of CBZ by 50%–80%. Overall, this study demonstrates that PMS enhanced iron coagulation is a promising process for the abatement of TrOCs in water treatment.

Modeling of Head Loss through Deep Bed Sand Filters. (Dept. C ( Public Works ) )

window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag("js", new Date()); gtag("config", "UA-72322659-1");

Treatment of performance evaluation at Cisauk water treatment plant, Cisauk Sub-district, Tangerang

Cisauk Water Treatment Plant (WTP) is one of the water treatment plants operated by PDAM Tirta Kerta Raharja, Tangerang District, which supply drinking water for Sub districts of Cisauk and Suradita with a capacity of 50 L/sec. This research conducted to evaluate the treatment performance of each unit at Cisauk WTP and compare the quality of water produced with the drinking water standard of PERMENKES No. 492 of 2010. Evaluation of WTP process is conducted by analysing the quantity and quality of produced water, and then calculate of design parameter for each unit. The processing unit consists of intake, hydraulic coagulation, hydraulic flocculation, sedimentation, filtration and ground reservoir. The coagulant used was NUSACHEM with dose of 35 mg/L and the disinfectant used was gas and liquid chlorine with dose of 3-5 mg/L. Through the WTP evaluation of treatment, not all units fulfil the design criteria based on SNI 6774 of 2008. However, the quality of the water produced fulfil the drinking water quality requirements of PERMENKES No. 492 of 2010.

Survey of treatment process in water treatment plant and the characteristics of flocs formed by two new coagulants

The relationship between pH, turbidity and COD of raw water with the residual Al in the filtrated water was investigated. The results indicated that the COD in raw water may have the maximum effects on the residual Al. The pH value of raw water had significant effects with the residual Al, but the relationship was not significant in the latter half of the year. The characteristics of water in the Yellow River had no significant relationship with the quality of filtrated water. In order to get better coagulation performances, two new coagulants (AS (Al2(SO4)3)+Fe-TiO2 and AS (Al2(SO4)3)+Al2O3) were applied to treat the raw water, and the characteristics of flocs were investigated. The results indicated that when nano particles (Fe-TiO2; Al2O3) were mixed with AS, they could significantly increase the floc size, and the recovery factor was also larger than using AS alone. The strength factor decreased if two new coagulants were used, and the results may be caused by the bridging effects formed by nano particles.

Chemical and ecotoxicological assessments of water samples before and after being processed by a Water Treatment Plant

Physicochemical and ecotoxicological measurements were employed to appraise the water quality of the Corumbatai River raw water (RW) intake, and that of its filtered (FW) and treated (TW) waters, processed by the Water Treatment Plant (WTP) of Piracicaba (SP, Brazil) during 2010. Some herbicides: ametrine, atrazine, simazine and tebuthiuron, were measured, with levels ranging from 0.01 to 10.3 µg L -1 . These were lower than those required to produce ecotoxicological effects to aquatic life based on published literature. Similarly, trihalomethanes, such as chloroform and bromodichloromethane produced as a result of the WTP process were also shown to be present in concentrations that would neither harm environmental nor human health. Elevated free chlorine concentrations found in FW and TW were credibly responsible for toxicity effects observed in algae and daphnids. (Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata and Daphnia magna). In contrast, results of toxicity testing conducted with Hydra attenuata suggested that this organism is resistant to free chorine and could be used for drinking water evaluations. Coupling bioassays with chemical analyses proved valuable to uncover putative cause-effect relationships existing between physical, chemical and toxic results, as well as in optimizing data interpretation of water quality.

Occurrence and removal of selected micropollutants in a water treatment plant

The levels of 14 micropollutants including nine pharmaceuticals, two pesticides, and three endocrine disruptors were measured in a water treatment plant (WTP) in Seoul, Korea. Among the measured micropollutants, 12 (excluding atrazine and triclocarban) were found in the influent and effluent from the WTP, at levels ranging from 2 to 482ngL−1. The removal efficiencies of the detected micropollutants in the WTP ranged from 6% to 100%. Among them diclofenac, acetaminophen, caffeine, carbamazepine, and 2,4-D were effectively removed (>80%). Metoprolol was unlikely to be removed (6%) in the WTP process. Concentrations of acetaminophen, metoprolol, ibuprofen, and naproxen were higher in winter, while levels of herbicides of 2,4-dichloro-phenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) were higher in summer. Metoprolol was hardly removed in the water treatment process. Laboratory experiments showed that compounds with logKow>2.5 (especially bisphenol-A, 2,4-D, carbamazepine, triclocarban and 4-nonylphenol) were effectively removed by coagulation process, and adsorption effect increased in proportion with hydrophobicity of micropollutants and the turbidity of water. Sunlight photodegradation also effectively removed sulfamethoxazole, sulfamethazine, caffeine, diclofenac, ibuprofen, and acetaminophen, which are photosensitizes. Chlorination was relatively not effective for the removal of micropollutants due to the lower chlorine dosage (2mgL−1), lower contact time (1h), and already lower levels of micropollutants at the chlorination stage at WTP. Our results imply that micropollutants during coagulation stage at WTP can be removed not only by coagulation itself, but also by adsorption to clay particle especially for high turbidity water, and by sunlight photodegradation in the areas open to the atmosphere.

Endotoxin contamination and control in surface water sources and a drinking water treatment plant in Beijing, China

In this paper, endotoxin contamination was determined in treated water following each unit of a drinking water treatment plant (WTP) in Beijing, China and its source water (SW) from a long water diversion channel (Shijiazhuang–Beijing) originating from four reservoirs in Hebei province, China. The total-endotoxin activities in SW ranged from 21 to 41 EU/ml at five selected cross sections of the diversion channel. The total-endotoxin in raw water of the WTP ranged from 11 to 16 EU/ml due to dilution and pretreatment during water transportation from Tuancheng Lake to the WTP, and finished water of the WTP ranged from 4 to 10 EU/ml, showing a 49% decrease following the full-scale treatment process at the WTP. Compared with the 31% removal of free-endotoxin, the WTP removed up to 71% of bound-endotoxin in raw water. The traditional treatment processes (coagulation, sedimentation and filtration) in the WTP removed substantial amounts of total-endotoxin (up to 63%), while endotoxin activities increased after granular activated carbon (GAC) adsorption and chlorination. The total-endotoxin in the actual water was composed of free-endotoxin and bound-endotoxin (endotoxin aggregates, bacteria-bound endotoxins and particle-attached endotoxins). The endotoxin aggregates, bacteria-bound endotoxins and particle-attached endotoxins co-exist as suspended particles in water, and only the bacteria-bound endotoxins were correlated with bacterial cells suspended in water. The particle distribution of endotoxin aggregates in ultrapure water was also tested and the results showed that the majority (64–89%) of endotoxin aggregates had diameters <2 μm. The endotoxin contamination and control in treated water following each unit of the WTP processes and its SW from reservoirs are discussed and compared with regard to bacterial cell counts and particle characteristics, which were dependent, to a certain extent, on different flow rates and turbulence of the water environments.

CO2주입에 의한 pH 조정이 정수장 응집효율 및 알루미늄 용출에 미치는 영향

In this study, a pH control method by carbon dioxide () was applied to coagulation process in water treatment plant (WTP) to investigate the coagulation efficiency and residual dissolved aluminum when high pH raw water is flowing into the plant during algal blooming. Existing coagulant dose (1 mg/L in raw water) resulted in the pH reduction of 0.0384 by LAS, 0.0254 by PAC, 0.0201 by A-PAC, and 0.0135 by PACS2, respectively. And then the concentration of dissolved aluminum was 0.02 mg/L at pH 7.44, 0.07 mg/L at pH 7.96, 0.12 mg/L at pH 8.16, 0.39 mg/L at pH 8.38 showing the concentration increase with pH in the coagulation process. It was noteworthy that rapid increase was observed at pH above 8.0 next the rapid mixing. Therefore it is necessarily required to control pH below 7.8 in the coagulation process in order to meet drinking water quality standard of aluminum for high pH raw water into WTP, injection could control pH successfully at about 7.3 even for the raw water of high pH above 8.0. In addition it was found that the pH control by injection was significantly effective for coagulation in terms of turbidity removal, coagulant dosage, and residual dissolved aluminum concentration.

Pulse UV 장치를 이용한 먹는 물의 이취미 유발물질 제거효과에 관한 연구

Problems due to the taste and odor in drinking water are common in treatment facilities around the world. Taste and odor are perceived by the public as the primary indicators of the safely and acceptability of drinking water, and are mainly caused by the presence of two semi-volatile compounds-2-methylisoborneol(2-MIB) and geosmin. Conventional treatment processes in water treatment plants, such as coagulation, sedimentation and chlorination have been found to be ineffective for the removal of 2-MIB and geosmin. Pulse UV system is a new UV irradiation system that is a non-mercury lamp-based alternative to currently used continuous wave systems for water disinfection. This study shows pulse UV system to be effective in treatment of these two compounds. Geosmin removal efficiency of UV process alone achieved approximately 70% at 10sec contact time. 2-MIB removal efficiency of UV only process achieved approximately 60% at 10sec contact time. The addition of <TEX>$H_{2}O_{2}$</TEX> 7mg/L increased geosmin and 2-MIB removal efficiency upto approximately 94% and 91%, respectively.

Fate of cyanobacteria and their metabolites during water treatment sludge management processes

Cyanobacteria and their metabolites are an issue for water authorities; however, little is known as to the fate of coagulated cyanobacterial-laden sludge during waste management processes in water treatment plants (WTPs). This paper provides information on the cell integrity of Anabaena circinalis and Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii during: laboratory-scale coagulation/sedimentation processes; direct filtration and backwashing procedures; and cyanobacterial-laden sludge management practices. In addition, the metabolites produced by A. circinalis (geosmin and saxitoxins) and C. raciborskii (cylindrospermopsin) were investigated with respect to their release (and possible degradation) during each of the studied processes. Where sedimentation was used, coagulation effectively removed cyanobacteria (and intracellular metabolites) without any considerable exertion on coagulant demand. During direct filtration experiments, cyanobacteria released intracellular metabolites through a stagnation period, suggesting that more frequent backwashing of filters may be required to prevent floc build-up and metabolite release. Cyanobacteria appeared to be protected within the flocs, with minimal damage during backwashing of the filters. Within coagulant sludge, cyanobacteria released intracellular metabolites into the supernatant after 3d, even though cells remained viable up to 7d. This work has improved the understanding of cyanobacterial metabolite risks associated with management of backwash water and sludge and is likely to facilitate improvements at WTPs, including increased monitoring and the application of treatment strategies and operational practices, with respect to cyanobacterial-laden sludge and/or supernatant recycle management.