National Problem Research Articles

Nacional'nye i dvustoronnie iniciativy Indii i Velikobritanii v oblasti ustojchivogo prirodopol'zovaniya (chast' I)

Today, environmental issues are actively discussed at the international, regional and national levels. India and the UK are actively promoting and implementing green initiatives. This article presents information about the national problems of environmental management in these two countries and about their cooperation in the environmental sphere, in the field of rational, sustainable environmental management.

Impact of Women's Role in Improving Family Welfare in Bantul Yogyakarta District Using the CIBEST Model

The GBHN states that women have rights, responsibilities and have the opportunity to fully participate in development. So that as a consequence in the perspective of national interests, women must be involved and involved in solving national problems. Women's empowerment is an indicator of increasing welfare. If women are empowered economically, intellectually and spiritually, it will be very effective for the development of society and the nation. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of women's role in improving family welfare from an Islamic perspective. The research design uses mixed methods through two stages which are carried out at almost the same time. Data analysis techniques in this study used two approaches, namely qualitative and quantitative approaches. In the qualitative approach, the data is obtained from data reduction, while the quantitative approach uses descriptive analysis. To determine the level of women's welfare using the CIBEST model welfare measurement tool. The results of the research found that the role of women is able to improve welfare through empowerment programs. The effect of the empowerment program on welfare can be seen in the average difference (mean diference) welfare before participating in the empowerment program and after participating in the empowerment program from an average welfare of 5.14 to an average of 5.69. Through the analysis of the CIBEST approach, the role of women in improving family welfare is illustrated by changes in the index in a better direction, namely changes in the material poverty index decreased by 41.9%, changes in the spiritual poverty index have the same index, namely 0 (zero), changes in the absolute poverty index decreased by 1%, and changes in the welfare index increased by 42.9%. Keywords: Role, Women, Empowerment, CIBEST

Sustainable Finance in the Policies of New Development Bank: Prospects and Challenges

New Development Bank (NDB), the BRICS-led development bank, is tasked with implementing sustainable finance tools to pursue sustainable development among its member countries. With COVID-19 ravaging global and regional economies, it is imperative that NDB and its member states find long-term solutions through sustainable financing. NDB’s General Strategy: 2017- 2021 laid the foundation for operations to mitigate some of the development challenges, as stated in its annual report of 2020. Moreover, sustainable financing will continue to be used in the new strategy 2022-2026. Based on the conceptual framework of sustainable finance, the article tries to locate NDB’s role in generating amenable solutions to development problems in BRICS nations. The article appraises the previous results on development finance by NDB and puts forward the issues and challenges for its next strategic cycle (2022-2026). The author concludes that BRICS-led NDB has credible potential to fulfill the Sustainable Development Goals. Unlike other Bretton Woods Institutions, its policies such as “co-financing” and “multi-currency environment” are in accord with and complement the development visions of major developing economies (EMDCs) like India. In this study, the author employs data from secondary sources such as the latest publications on development economics, especially sustainable finance.

Old Age and Parsi Minority in “Family Matters”

Old age care is an emerging challenge in India. Old age responsibility is a grim reality and anxiety for minority community like Parsi. The excessive urban thoughts give rise to the problems of nation. They have their own mindset about their life. However, there is also a fact that due to high rate of properties in Bombay where most of the Parsi families live. Social atmosphere that remains most of the members unmarried. Adult unmarried children in Parsi community compel to live with their parents, and when they get married, they live away to make their separate home.

Problems of Managing and Licensing The Apartment

Introduction: The fulfillment of the right to housing is a national problem that must be resolved. Jakarta is the capital city of Indonesia which faces problems in fulfilling the right to housing. The apartment area has been built to respond to these problems.Purposes of the Research: The purpose of this study is to analyze the management and licensing of apartments in Jakarta City.Methods of the Research: This research is a normative juridical research. It uses several approaches, namely the statute approach, the conceptual approach, and the comparative approach. The type of data used consists of primary legal materials, namely the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia, Law Number 1 of 2011 concerning Housing and Settlement Areas, Law Number 20 of 2011 concerning Apartments.Results of the Research: Based on the results of the study, it was found that there were many cases, for example the case in Decision concerning the Privatization of SPAM and the unilateral determination of BPPL between the Sentul City against PT Sentul City. Based on this case, there was a legal uncertainty regarding the management and licensing of the apartment area in Jakarta

Implementation of The Stunting Prevention Policy Program In Cikawao Sub-District, Lengkong District, Bandung City

The stunting problem in Indonesia has not been effectively addressed so far, due to policy implementers' inability to effectively actualize the policy. Addressing a significant national problem requires appropriate policies to accelerate problem-solving efforts. This study aims to determine the implementation of the stunting prevention program policy in Cikawao sub-district, Lengkong district, Bandung city. The research method used in this study is descriptive research with a qualitative approach. The data collection techniques used in this study are in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation. Meanwhile, the data analysis technique uses Milles et.al (2014) which consists of data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing or verification. Based on the research results and discussion, it can be concluded that the implementation of the Stunting Prevention Program Policy in Cikawao sub-district, Lengkong district, Bandung city using the G. Edward III theory has been running quite well. However, some aspects need improvement, such as communication, which includes transmission factors, clarity, and consistency between implementers and the community, the resources, which include staff, information, facilities, and authority, also need to be improved. On the other hand, the disposition or behavior of policy implementers has been quite good.

Prospects of Carbon Regulation in Russia and Raising Enterprise Responsibility and Involvement in Work Aimed at Cutting Green-House Gas Emissions

One of the key challenges of the current century is the growth in green-house gases emissions to the atmosphere. The concentration of carbonic acid gas in the Earth atmosphere keeps rising, which results in climate change. Climate change in Russia can be characterized as continuous warming and its speed is in 2.5 times higher than the speed of global warming. It can prove the volume of our country contribution to the total green-house gas emissions, which shall be taken into account for developing steps aimed at resolving national climatic problems. Ecology in current circumstances and in long-term perspective means practical and scientific and technical foundation for the beginning of man’ rational life on the Earth, when negative impact on the environment is reduced and at the same time accumulated damage is eliminated. Disregard for climatic agenda can create risks for sustainable development of national economy. This principle was introduced in the concept of sustainable development, which is based on balance between human activity and laws of nature by replacing consumers’ attitude towards nature. The article studies the widely-spread economic (market) mechanisms of carbon regulation. General and specific measures of motivating low-carbon development were discussed aiming at higher responsibility and involvement of enterprises in work on cutting green-house gas emissions. The authors show that the key economically effective tools for cutting the carbon footprint are the system of trading quotas on green-house gas emissions, the development of the national system of stock-taking, accounting and emission monitoring. It can be realized as a result of substantiating national emission factors, logical and normative approaches and tested methods for estimation of green-house gas emissions, improvement of the quality of data being analyzed and scenario modeling.

Some aspects of national-state building amongthe Finno-Ugric peoples in the USSR

Introduction. The article considers some aspects of the national-state building of the Finno-Ugric peoples in the USSR. It highlights the ways of realization of the policy of the Soviet power in this matter. Its positive achievements, as well as contradictions and omissions in the implementation process are represented. The research aims at giving the complex analysis and the objective assessment of the national-state building processes of the Finno-Ugric peoples in the USSR. Materials and Methods. The article summarized legislative documents and materials contained in the works of Soviet and contemporary authors on this problem. Such methods of research as comparative, historical, genetic, legal, descriptive, logical were used to achieve the goal. It also employed the method of actualization which allowed to connect the development of modern processes with the historical experience of the past. Results and Discussion. The research traced the dynamics and certain tendencies of the realization of the national policy towards the Finno-Ugric peoples in the USSR. The analysis of the national-state building processes among them allowed concluding about the significance of the Soviet stage in their development, despite some contradictions, mistakes and omissions in the actions of the Soviet leadership. Underestimation of the national problems of the ethnic groups within the USSR, along with many other unsolved problems in the economy, politics, spiritual and social spheres, accumulated in the State, eventually led to its collapse, which led to problems in geopolitics. Conclusion. Considering all aspects of nation-state building in the USSR made it possible to conclude on the significance and value of creating national administrative-territorial formations among Finno-Ugric peoples, whose continuations are the present-day national subjects of the Russian Federation. The conclusion was made that the established foundations of the nation-state structure of the Russian Federation should be preserved as an important factor in the preservation and development of Finno-Ugric peoples.

POTENTIAL TECHNOLOGICAL INTERVENTIONS IN TRANSNATIONAL CRIME FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF CRIMINAL LAW IN INDONESIA

Any crime can essentially become a transnational crime, as long as it contains foreign elements. Transnational crimes can also occur in all countries around the world. Therefore, transnational crime is a common problem of nations around the world, and one of the mechanisms that can be used to address it is through international conventions and treaties. The era of the fourth industrial revolution is a knowledge-based era, where various alternatives for fulfilling human needs are more knowledge-based. It is an era characterized by massive utilization of digital technology and artificial intelligence in various aspects of human life. The dark side of the fourth industrial revolution era is that the rapid development of science and technology is not only utilized for improving human quality of life and happiness, but also misused to commit crimes. The problem of this research is whether the criminal law in Indonesia is able to solve legal problems related to transnational crimes committed using advanced science and technology.This research is normative juridical research, using secondary data which is then categorized into primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials, which are then analysed qualitatively. The research approach used is a combination of legal and conceptual approaches.The results of this research are that Indonesian criminal law is only able to enforce criminal law within the jurisdiction of Indonesia. Although assisted by international conventions and treaties, Indonesian criminal law has not been able to enforce the law against transnational criminals who are outside the jurisdiction of any country. Indonesian criminal law can only enforce the law against conventional legal subjects (individuals or corporations), but cannot enforce the law against contemporary legal subjects created by science and technology, such as artificial intelligence, even if such artificial intelligence has clearly committed a criminal act.

UPAYA PENINGKATAN KESADARAN MASYARAKAT TERHADAP PENCEGAHAN COVID-19 DI WILAYAH KELURAHAN BABAKAN

The Covid-19 pandemic that is endemic in Indonesia has become a national problem for the past two years. The government's efforts to suppress the spread of Covid-19 are not in line with community support. The Real Work Lecture Program (KKN) for Al-Ghifari University Students which was held in Babakan Village, Babakan Ciparay District, Bandung aimed to provide education and socialization regarding raising awareness as an effort to prevent Covid-19. The activity stages include observations made by the author regarding the condition of the community and interviews with local officials. The Work Program was implemented according to procedures and went well, and received a positive response. This is shown by increasing public understanding and awareness about the dangers of Covid-19, by starting to carry out health procedures, washing hands, wearing masks, avoiding crowds, as well as the importance of vaccination with the large number of people who will be vaccinated.

Assessment of the industry segments functioning of the grain products sub-complex

The solution of the national food problem largely depends on the intensive development of the subcomplex of grain products of the backbone segment of the agro-industrial complex. The priority of this sector of the agro-industrial complex is due to the strategic importance of grain, due to the constant need for it of various agro-food structures and on its basis of food products of the population. In this regard, there is an objective need to substantiate promising directions for the development of the grain products subcomplex, taking into account modern principles of achieving targets. Given the complexity of the socio-economic conditions of the current period, the subcomplex of grain products in the most popular sectors of the national economy is included in the agricultural cluster. In this regard, the priority direction of the national policy is not only to prevent a recession in various sectors of the agricultural sector, but also to ensure an increase in output both to fully meet domestic needs and to increase exports. Such an approach requires the combined efforts of all subjects of the agro-industrial complex, coordination of activities and a purposeful focus on achieving a high final result. The article notes that the development of production in the sectors of the economy of Kazakhstan requires the search and use of new, more effective forms of production and economic activity. One of the main methods of solving this problem is the integration of commodity producers, which allows combining all the links of the reproduction cycle in a single complex in the technological chain “processing of raw materials – production of finished products”.

Psychological distress in patients with cancer at the Kenyatta National Hospital in Nairobi, Kenya, during the COVID-19 pandemic

Abstract Background: Psychosocial care for oncology patients is now recognized as a critical aspect of care because it has a positive impact on patient outcomes. Various screening tools have been validated to objectively measure the levels of distress, such as the National Comprehensive Cancer Network distress thermometer. However, there is little evidence of its use in sub-Saharan Africa, where the cancer burden continues to increase. This study sought to evaluate the levels of psychological distress in patients with cancer and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This was a single-center cross-sectional study among patients with a histological diagnosis of cancer attending the hemato-oncology and radio-oncology units at the Kenyatta National Hospital, a referral tertiary center. We used the National Comprehensive Cancer Network Distress Thermometer and Problem Checklist to define psychological distress, fear of COVID-19 scale, and Corona Anxiety Score to determine the level of fear and anxiety caused by COVID-19 given the study happened during the pandemic, and the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) to assess the performance status. Results: Of the 361 patients, the median age was 54 years (interquartile range, 43–63), and most were female (70%). The leading cancer diagnosis was breast cancer (26%), followed by cervical cancer (24%), with most of the patients having advanced disease and 28% having ECOG 3. Most (80%) patients were able to continue with their treatment despite the COVID-19 pandemic; however, 71% had a high level of fear of COVID-19 but minimal anxiety symptoms based on Corona Anxiety Score. The mean distress thermometer score was 2.7 (SD, 2.6), with 30% having a high level of distress (4 or above). ECOG status was the only variable significantly associated with high levels of distress, with the strongest association observed in the highest ECOG status (ECOG 4: OR, 6.8 [95% CI, 2.8–16.6] P < .001). Transportation was the main problem in the practical domain (62%) while fears and worries in the emotional domain (46% and 49%, respectively), and pain (65%) were the main physical problems. Conclusions: One-third of patients experienced high levels of distress. These patients reported significant concerns, such as transportation, fears, worry, and pain, in the problem checklist. There is a need to incorporate screening for distress into our patient population to help identify these patients and institute appropriate interventions.

The evolution of digital medicine. World and domestic experience

It is known that the healthcare system is currently under serious strain in all countries of the world. Despite the expansion of the number of services and the improvement of the quality of medical care, the industry cannot cope with the existing burden: due to the increase in the number and life expectancy of the population, the spread of epidemiological morbidity and the growth of public expectations for more personalized and comfortable services the population. A significant number of current problems of the healthcare system can be solved with the help of widespread introduction of digital technologies. The global COVID-19 pandemic has led to accelerated innovation and the transition of processes from informatization to digital transformation. Digital transformation of healthcare is an absolute global trend. The development of digital technologies is aimed both at solving national problems and at implementing the national strategy of the healthcare system. The digital healthcare market is growing due to the development of electronic medical records (EHR), mobile healthcare (mhealth) capabilities, telemedicine and medical analytics. According to the Statista agency, the volume of the global digital medicine market in 2019 amounted to $ 106 billion, analysts predict its growth to $639 billion, that is, more than 6 times. Th e introduction of digital technologies into the healthcare system is a process that concerns all participants: the state, medical professionals, developers of IT solutions and new medical technologies, citizens. The article presents an analysis of foreign and domestic experience of technological transformation of healthcare, depending on the level of development of telemedicine.

Factors Related to the Incidence of Anemia in Pregnant in Women at the Kolaka Health Center and Pomalaa Health Center in Kolaka District

Introduction: Anemia in pregnancy is a national problem because it reflects the value of the socio-economic welfare of the community and has a very large influence on the quality of human resources. WHO reports that the prevalence of pregnant women worldwide WHO experience anemia is 41.8%.
 Method: The type of research used in this study is a quantitative study,namely a cross-sectional study, the research sample size is 98 people obtained by simple random sampling. The data was processed using the chi-square test.
 Result: This study shows that there is a significant relationship between ANC service quality and anemia in pregnant women with a p-value=0.000. There is a relationship between diet and anemia in pregnant with p-value= 0.009. There is a relationship between adherence to consuming Fe tablets with anemia in pregnant with p-value=0.000.
 Conclusion: ANC service quality, diet, and Fe consumption compliance have a relationship with the incidence of anemia in pregnant women at the Kolaka Public Health Center and Pomalaa Health Center, Kolaka Regency.

RANDOM FOREST MODEL ON BIG DATA FOR FORECASTING THE STABILITY OF THE BANKING SYSTEM OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

The article analyzes current trends in the use of artificial intelligence, cognitive technologies, Big Data and other innovations in order to predict the stability of the Russian banking system. The current trends in the development of banking innovations in the context of digitalization of the economy are summarized. Among the research methods used, the Random Forest artificial intelligence system, formed in the Google Collab cloud service in Python, should be noted. A neural network model for predicting the dynamics of bank profits based on the use of the Random Forest (RF – random forest) machine learning model is proposed. The results of the study indicate that, with the average value of the profit of banks for the period 2010-2021. 1126.0416 billion rubles, the mean absolute error (Mean Absolute Error) amounted to 129.96666 billion rubles, or 11.5%, which can be regarded as a good result in conditions of market uncertainty. The analysis showed that current trends are global in nature and lead to qualitative changes in the flow of business processes between consumers of banking services and credit institutions.
 Purpose: is to form a model that predicts the value of the target variable – the profit of the banking system using the Random Forest deep learning model, which is an ensemble of “decision trees”. The scientific novelty is to put forward and prove the hypothesis that with the help of the formed artificial intelligence system “Random Forest”, a profit forecast for commercial banks of the Russian Federation can be obtained.
 Method or methodology of the work. The work used such research methods as: monographic, analytical, artificial intelligence system – “Random Forest”, as well as comparative analysis. Calculations were performed in XL tables, Google Collab cloud service in Python.
 Results. The developed AI-system “Random Forest”, designed to predict the profits of banks, is presented. It is of practical importance to use the results of the Random Forest neural network to predict the development of credit institutions, which makes it possible to solve a major national economic problem - ensuring the stability of the banking system of the Russian Federation. A neural network model for predicting the dynamics of bank profits based on the use of the Random Forest (RF) machine learning model is proposed, which is a machine learning algorithm that consists in using an ensemble (set) of decision trees.
 The scope of the results: the financial sector, the banking sector, forecasting and ensuring the sustainable activity of credit institutions in the Russian Federation.

Analysis of the Standards and Characteristics of The Failed State

The state has been busy with it as a major subject of political science and has done its work in various ways, in a way that some political science has been state-controlled, and the country has been A real need for organizing and manageing the community, human it's documents, and providing security are a necessity for creating a political one to style Their lives were transferred from one stage to another, and the state form was different from the world to another.  One of the most important issues of this process has been the failure of countries to carry out their duties, or the failure of countries that many countries, especially in Asia, Africa and the Middle East, cannot perform their duties. This situation, together with the various problems facing the countries, will cause regional and global problems as well as the national problems that will lead to civil war. Although there is no unilateral reason for the failure of states, the reason for the failure of states can be attributed to many historical, cultural, social, economic and global factors and its reflection shall be different from that of any country.

Actualization of Civic Literacy in the Learning of Citizenship in High School

Citizenship literacy is an essential thing in shaping the character of students. The low literacy of students regarding civic literacy will have a significant impact and cause various national problems. This study aims to determine the actualization of civic literacy in the learning process of citizenship education in schools. Qualitative research methods with a case study approach. Data collection techniques with observational interviews, notes, and documentation as the primary source of information. The research was conducted at SMA N 1 Babatan, Ponorogo, Indonesia. The results of this study indicate that the actualization of civic literacy in learning citizenship education is carried out through several learning approaches, including 1) the learning model is applied to support the student's understanding process through citizen project activities. 2) Students are asked to discuss citizenship issues with the problem-solving system, then students are asked to write them down in the form of a resume. 3) democratic practice activities in the form of selecting student council presidents as a means of learning citizenship. 4) literacy program 20 minutes before learning. Before entering class, students read books for one hour, be it learning packages, novels, term papers, etc. 5) giving assignments regarding civic insight. This research contributes to improving the quality of civics learning and providing motivation.

The national idea and ideology of personalism as a humanitarian aura of Ukrainianity

The study analyzed the role and significance of the Ukrainian national idea (UNI) and national ideology for the establishment of independence, in particular, for the spiritual victory of Ukrainians in the Russian-Ukrainian war. UNI is considered not only as a response to socio-political and economic problems of the Ukrainian nation’s development, but also as a multi-aspect – existential, metaphysical, global – challenge. In order to resolve this complex of problems, a fundamental rethinking of views on human and society and the mechanisms of their interaction was carried out. The essence of the author’s theory of stages of the person’s spiritual development has been formulated as a metaphysical theory of personality, that has a historic-philosophical tradition originating from ancient Chinese and ancient philosophy. A person in the process of his socio-political and spiritual development is able to go through the following stages of spiritual formation: dependent, mediocre person, personality and genius, although he can stop at lower stages of development. On this basis, it is proved that there can be only two paradigms of human existence: either impersonal or personal, and their fundamental features are formulated. The concepts of equality and spiritual hierarchy have been carried out. Skovoroda’s idea of unequal equality is interpreted as a combination of equality and hierarchy: civil-political, legal equality and spiritual hierarchy. It was offered to prioritize the spiritual and metaphysical theory of personality as the basis of UNI, in which the last one is the substance, that is, the primary carrier of social existence. UNI appears as a response to the dominance of the mediocre person and the depersonalized paradigm of his existence, as a unity of primary principles and primary sources (personalities), who are their creators and actors. Such understanding of the Ukrainian idea provides grounds for a holistic solution to the socio-political, existential, pedagogical, historical, and metaphysical problems of the nation and has the prospect of spiritual improvement of the covital society. On the basis of metaphysical theory of personality and UNI, the main provisions of the national ideology were formulated, the purpose of which is to form a critical mass of ethnically conscious personalities. It is argued that a military victory requires the establishment in the public consciousness of the fundamental provisions of the UNI and the ideology of personalism. It is offered to put the guiding principles of the UNI and the ideology of personalism as a framework condition of the social contract, that will contribute to overcoming impersonal tendencies in Ukrainian society.

The Dakwah Problems of the Muhammadiyah Organization in Cimanggis District, Depok City

Since its birth, Muhammadiyah has determined its missionary line that is straight in line with the social problems of the Indonesian nation, so it is only natural that Muhammadiyah in its da'wah activities is characterized by a number of its Charities (Muhammadiyah Charities), especially in the fields of education and health. Along with the times, social, economic and educational problems in society are increasingly complex, this is where Muhammadiyah is required to play an active role in providing solutions to a number of these social problems. On the other hand, the limitations of both Muhammadiyah human resources and natural resources which are actually very potential in the Cimanggis District, Depok City are also still not fully explored. thus hampering Muhammadiyah missionary activities in Cimanggis District, Depok City. This research is a type of descriptive research with a qualitative approach. While the data collected is based on direct observation, interviews and document studies. The results of the study indicate that the problems faced by Muhammadiyah in Cimanggis District, Depok City in realizing its social da'wah, are because Muhammadiyah's potentials have not been fully explored, both in terms of human resources and natural resources.

National Goals and Scientific Priorities

The article discusses the impact of the goals chosen by the state for its scientific and technical sphere considering the concept of scientific priorities. The approaches used in the USSR to the formation and implementation of scientific priorities made it possible to solve a number of strategic national economic problems in a short time. The author has investigated modern approaches to the formation and implementation of priority directions for the development of science, as well as assessing the effectiveness of research activities. The analysis showed inadequacy of assessing the activities of scientific organizations on the basis of publication and citation indicators.