Problems Of Innovative Activity Research Articles

Cluster-cooperative model of territory development (on the example of Kharkiv region)

The article is aimed on studying of the essence of clustering, considerating of the importance of the synergistic effect that appears through cooperation of enterprises in the leading industries of Ukraine. The Kharkiv region is an example of effective cooperation within certain organizations. This territory of Ukraine had high development indicators in the pre-war period. In our time, it is necessary to analyze the past experience, advantages, disadvantages and achievements of previously existing associations and organizations, which, due to hostilities, suspended their activities, in order to begin the reconstruction of the country. The purpose of the article is to answer a question: «why the cooperation of firms and organizations is more effective than the functioning of individual enterprises?»; to focus attention on identification of the modern meaning, motivations of use of clusters by business entities. Also, in the article is defined the concept of «clusterization», the influence of cooperations on the competitiveness of organizations is considered, the leading industries of Ukraine are reviewed and the analysis of the activity of alliances is available. Some problems of innovative activity in Ukraine are also considered. Methodology: descriptive, theoretical methods and statistical data were used in the research. As a result of the research, the shortcomings of the policy in the field of innovative activity were mentioned, the conclusions were formed regarding the chosen topic. JEL Classification: O14, O18.

Information and Communication Problems of Innovative Activity in a Regional University

The paper reveals the features of innovation activity in the higher education system in Russia. The authors summarize the reforms planned in the Strategy of innovative development of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2020, analyze the current state and prospects for the deployment of innovation, and draft some proposals for university practice. The article analyzes the collective nature of the subject of innovation activity in a regional university, as well as the problems of interrelationships between its individual groups. It highlights information and communication problems in the course of organizing and implementing university innovation activities, in particular, in the process of forming innovation competencies. The problems of commercialization of the results of scientific activity in regional universities of the country are considered separately. Specific sociological data gathered by the authors is used to verify conclusions and propositions. The main conclusion: innovation activity in a regional university (especially in a classical university) is developing slowly and with great difficulties, in particular, due to numerous information and communication problems of interaction and the formation of a corporate innovation culture.

Legal principles of public administration for the invention of innovative medicines: European experience

Formulation of the problem. The creation of innovative medicines is the key to increasing the competitiveness of the pharmaceutical sector of Ukraine’s economy. Going through European integration requires bringing Ukrainian legislation, which regulates various sectors of the economy, in line with European legislation. The study of the European experience of legal regulation of medicines development is characterized by relevance. The state of the problem research. Problems of innovative activity in the field of medicines creation are investigated in scientific works of such Ukrainian scientists as V. M. Pashkov, S. V. Glibko, Yu. V. Heorgievsky, O. G. Alekseev, and T. A. Kolyada. European authors who have studied scientific activity problems in pharmacy are Philip A. Hines, Rosanne Janssens, Rosa Gonzalez-Quevedo, Ralf Arno Wess, and Constantinos Ziogas, Ivana Silvia. The purpose of the study is to develop proposals for amendments to Ukrainian legislation governing public administration in the sphere of medicines creation, taking into account the European experience. Presenting main material. State regulation of the creation of innovative medicines in Ukraine and the European Union is carried out in the following areas. The first is the creation and financial support of research institutions that develop innovative medicines. Second, the identification of research that needs public financial support on a competitive basis. Public administration bodies shall establish the procedure for registration of medicinal products or obtaining a trade license for placing a medicinal product on the market. Legislation and bylaws define the conditions for licensing the production of medicines. The differences in the legal regulation of the creation of medicines under Ukrainian and European legislation are as follows. First, in the European Union, licenses for marketing medicines are issued by the European Medicines Agency. At the same time, in Ukraine, the registration of medicines is entrusted to the Ministry of Health of Ukraine. Secondly, in the European Union, licenses for medicines production are issued by the national authorities of the EU member states. At the same time, the issuance of such licenses in Ukraine belongs to the competence of the State Service for Medicines Trafficking and Drug Control. Conclusions and prospects for further research. The implementation of European legislation governing the development of medicines may consist of further amendments to Ukrainian legislation in the field of circulation of medicines. Firstly, to consolidate the medicines registration function to the State Service for Medicines Trafficking and Drug Control of Ukraine. Secondly, to define one of the service’s tasks as providing advice to medicines developers on clinical and preclinical trials and medicines registration. It is also necessary to assess the environmental risk due to the use of a new medicinal product during its registration.

The legal status of participants who create medicines in the national innovation system

Formulation of the problem. Carrying out scientific research in the field of creating innovative medicines is the key to the competitiveness of pharmaceutical enterprises in the internal Ukrainian and world markets. Proper legal regulation of the legal status of business entities and scientific institutions that create medicines should become a guarantee of state support for scientific research in this area. Recent research on the topic. The scientific works of V.M. Pashkova, I.S. Voronina, M.V. Bunyak and other researchers are devoted to certain problems of innovative activity in the sphere of medicine circulation. At the same time, the problems of the legal status of participants in the national innovation system who create new medicines have not found their coverage in the scientific literature. The purpose of this research is to determine the legal status of participants in the national innovation system, who create medicines. Article’s main body. The scientific research is devoted to the determination of the legal status of the participants of the national innovation system who create medicines. Legislative and by-laws, statistical information posted on the official websites of authorities, publications of researchers who studied innovative activities in the field of medicine circulation were studied. It is stated that the development of innovative medicines can be carried out by research institutes, institutions of higher education and pharmaceutical manufacturing enterprises. Medicines productions are created in the organizational and legal form of private and state enterprises, business entities. Research institutes and institutions of higher education have legal form of organization. These institutions are subordinate to either the Ministry of Education and Science, or the Ministry of Health Protection, or the National Academy of Medical Sciences, or the State Service for Medicines and Drug Control of Ukraine. Among the conditions for obtaining a license for the medication production there is no requirement for a laboratory to create new medicines at the enterprise. Requirements for such a laboratory are not provided for in legislative and bylaws. Conclusions and prospects for the development. The author proposes definitions of “medicine developer” and “innovative pharmaceutical organization”. The features of the pharmaceutical enterprise innovativeness, in our opinion, are the presence of a scientific department in the structure of the enterprise and the registration of an innovative project by this enterprise in the prescribed manner. The consolidation of these definitions in the legislation of Ukraine may be important for obtaining state support for scientific research on the new medicines creation.

АНАЛІЗ ІННОВАЦІЙНО-ТЕХНОЛОГІЧНОГО РОЗВИТКУ МЕДИЧНОЇ ГАЛУЗІ В УКРАЇНІ

The global trends of innovation and scientific and technological activities in the medical field are analyzed in the article. The state of research and development work in the field of medical sciences, the effectiveness of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine are analyzed and it is found that the creation of new scientific developments remains limited due to the reduction of scientific, technological and innovative opportunities, because the number of research performers decreases annually, number of training of scientists in the field of medical sciences, financing of research works, etc. Possibilities and problems of innovative activity in the medical field are investigated. Based on the analysis, it is established that the innovative and technological development of the medical industry is marked by a number of problems, primarily related to: lack of traceability of the real state of science and technology at the level of educational and scientific institutions, state and municipal medical institutions, private health care facilities and others; reduction of the number of performed research works and introduction of innovations; lack of a state strategy for scientific, technical and innovative development of the industry; low level of funding for research and innovation of institutions, organizations and enterprises in the medical field; lack of state order, etc. It is proved that the creation and transfer of new methods, techniques and technologies for diagnosis, treatment and prevention of the most common human diseases remains one of the most important components of state health policy and requires significant improvement of public management of Ukraine's medical system transformation according to innovative technological principles. Ways to solve the problems of public administration of scientific, technological and innovative development of the industry, such as improving the legal framework and state strategy of innovation and technological development of the industry; stimulating scientific and technological progress; development of innovation clusters, formation of medical technology transfer centers on the basis of universities, scientific medical institutes and private partners; promoting the development of public-private partnership as a way to expand innovation and investment activities of health care providers, etc. are proposed.

Legal support of innovative activity of small and medium enterprises in Ukraine

In the context of European integration, the importance of state policy in the field of innovation of enterprises, especially small and medium-sized businesses, is growing. Therefore, the state of the regulatory framework should promote the development of Ukraine’s innovation system, which will increase the amount of foreign investment and increase the welfare of the population. All this requires effective coordination between legislative institutions. The dynamic formation of the legal basis for the development of innovation activities of small and medium enterprises shows positive trends, but attempts to intensify innovation activities have not been implemented in full. The article generalizes the Ukrainian legislative and regulatory support to support the innovation activities of small and medium enterprises. The structure of the institutional basis for supporting the innovation activities of small and medium enterprises was drawn up. Problems of functioning of the national innovation system are revealed. In the process of research the following methods were used: analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, comparison, graphical and tabular method, system method. The state of the innovation system of Ukraine in relation to the world level is determined on the basis of international indices. The directions of solving the revealed problems of innovative activity of small and average enterprises are proposed, which should be solved by means of state policy tools.

Stimulation of innovation in the public sector: foreign experience

Problem setting. One of the most important problems and obstacles to the innovative development there is an uncoordinated work of the government to identify and approve at the legislative level the main means of stimulating innovation. Target of research is to analyze some types of stimulation of innovation activities implemented in foreign countries. Disclosure of some features of the current legislation on stimulating innovation. Analysis of resent researches and publications. Problems of innovative activity are devoted to research of a number of well-known domestic and foreign scientists-lawyers and economists: Atamanova Yu.E., Balueva O.V., Berensa V., Burman G., Davydyuk O.M., Didenko N.G., Emelianova V.M., Goncharova Yu.V., Grechan A.P., Kvasnitskaya R.S., Mavroediya E., Ravski T., Remenprit K., Vashchuk N.F., Vlasova V., Voynarenko M.P., Zadikhayla D.V., Zafara A., Zaytseva L.O., Zhornokia Yu.M., however some questions of the problem still need clarification. Article’s main body. Over the past 30 years, a global consensus has emerged on the importance of innovation as the primary means of addressing economic development, health, national security and environmental issues. Many of the world’s leading countries are making unprecedented investments in promoting innovation through increased R&D funding and ongoing support from universities and innovative small and large enterprises. They implement new programs and public-private partnerships to stimulate the commercialization of new ideas in the market. There are eight effective incentives for innovation that are used by many countries, including: incentives for corporations investing in R&D; incentives to create R&D centers; technological zones; support for company modernization; support for innovative exports; government grants and preferential loans; support for innovative public procurement; patent boxes. Regarding the legislative aspect of promoting innovation in Ukraine, the following should be noted. The Ministry of Economic Development and Trade of Ukraine participates in the development of sectoral and crosssectoral export strategies. The corresponding initiative is foreseen in the Export Strategy of Ukraine (“Road Map” of Strategic Trade Development) for 2017-2021, approved by the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine No. 1017-r of 27.12.2017. Our state is taking some steps to stimulate innovation. However, the means enshrined in Ukrainian law have a very narrow range of influence on real relations. Tax and other benefits introduced at the end of the last century have been abolished. State guarantees for innovation are declarative in nature. The National Innovation System of Ukraine requires comprehensive use of all possible incentives. Conclusions and prospects for the development. Venture financing, which is effectively used by a number ofdeveloped countries in the world, should become an important area of development of the ID financing system in Ukraine. The key to the development of the venture capital market is the active position of the state on its support. In Ukraine, considering that venture capital investment is at an early stage of development, it is advisable, in our view, to develop a comprehensive State program for the development of venture investment in Ukraine, which has been repeatedly emphasized by scientists and practitioners. This program should include measures both for the development of information support for innovative businesses, for improving the regulatory framework of venture capital activities, and, last but not least, for a complex of tax incentives, as well as for the state’s direct involvement in financing venture investments.

The financial mechanism of small enterprises innovation activities

Relevance of the research topic. Increasing capital is one of the most important challenges for ensuring sustainability and growth opportunities for small enterprises both in Ukraine and abroad. Successful activities of small enterprises require constant competitive advantages through the implementation of innovative development models. Integration of Ukrainian enterprises into the global economy is impossible without investing in their innovative development, aimed at overcoming the economic lag behind developed countries, because in an era of dynamic globalization changes, competitiveness depends primarily on the ability to implement innovative projects, which requires significant financial resources. Formulation of the problem. Attracting financial resources to the innovative activities of small enterprises is especially problematic. The main reasons for this situation are high interest rates in Ukraine, the reluctance of the banking sector to lend to projects with a high degree of uncertainty and the weak development of non-traditional forms and methods of attracting financing in Ukraine. Analysis of recent research and publications. The problems of innovative activity of small enterprises and the mechanisms of its financial support were investigated by A. Bondarenko, G. Wozniak, O. Denysenko, V. Zianko, A. Kuznetsova, M. Melnyk, V. Nevmerzhitsky, Yu. Nikitin, Dong Xinyin, N. Stasyuk, A. Cherep, S. Khvalynsky and others. Setting goals, research objectives. The aim of the article is to determine the economic content of the financial mechanism and find out the sources of financing the small enterprises innovative activity and to develop ways to increase the efficiency of small enterprises financial mechanism of innovative activity in Ukraine. The method and methodology of the study. The article used a set of methods of scientific research: a systematic approach, structuring, analysis and synthesis, etc. Conclusions according to the article. The article reveals the essence of the financial support mechanism and its specifics for the innovative activity of small enterprises. The necessity of ensuring small enterprises competitive advantages through the implementation of innovative development models is substantiated. It was stated that most Ukrainian enterprises are now experiencing a shortage of their own funds, and attracting investment is problematic. The main reasons for the difficult access of small enterprises to financial resources are analyzed. Directions of increasing small enterprises financial mechanism of innovative activity efficiency are proposed.

СИСТЕМА УПРАВЛІННЯ ІННОВАЦІЙНОЮ ДІЯЛЬНІСТЮ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ СФЕРИ ІНФОРМАЦІЙНИХ ТЕХНОЛОГІЙ

The article highlights the essence of the "market of innovative IT products", "enterprises engaged in the development of innovative IT products", "innovation management system". Identified types (founded - enterprises directly involved in the development, implementation and maintenance of IT and IS; supporting - enterprises whose main activity is, first, assistance to enterprises of the first group in the field of IT, is enterprises engaged in IT consulting, and, secondly, the provision of services in the field of solving general issues of informatization of consumer enterprises of IT products) and the advantages of IT enterprises as subjects of innovation (flexibility; speed of implementation, adaptation and maintenance; maneuverability; personnel mobility; organizational mobility; tax and organizational support of small business by state, regional and local authorities; weak formalization). It is noted that one of the most important problems of innovative activity of IT enterprises is the organization of this activity, the problem of building an effective management system (IMS). The peculiarities of SU innovation activities of IT enterprises are presented, as well as the main tasks that need to be solved (improvement of mechanisms of interaction between participants of innovation activities; conducting effective economic policy on participants of innovation activities, stimulating extrabudgetary financing, creating institutional and legal conditions projects, creation and development of innovation infrastructure facilities, networks of organizations providing consulting services in the field of innovation in the field of IT). The system of management of innovative activity of the enterprises of the sphere of information technologies is developed. It is proposed to express innovative processes in the activities of IT enterprises in the existing system by organizational and economic identifiers (effectiveness; level of implementation of tasks; adaptability; productivity; duration; cost of the process; efficiency; consumption).

Forecasting the results of innovative activity taking into account significant factors in the regions of Russia

Topical issues of enhancing innovative activity in regions of Russia are studied using the LASSO method for ranking various factors in terms of their impact on the release of innovative products in a particular region. It has been shown that, when developing national concepts of socioeconomic development, it must necessarily be taken into account that it is wrong to focus on average regions as regional specific features. The forecast calculations of the volume of innovative goods, works, and services have been carried out for the most important regions of the Siberian Federal District. Urgent problems of innovative activity have been identified for regions of Russia with different levels of development.

Проблеми трансферу технологій в інноваційному менеджменті університету

Висвітлені проблеми інноваційної діяльності університетів та трансферу техно-логій, окреслені світові тенденції такої діяльності, визначені першочергові завдання для вищих навчальних закладів України та запропоновані заходи щодо реалізації.