Problems Of Environmental Protection Research Articles

New nomenclature of scientific specialities: ecological-legal aspect

The article examines the negative consequences for the science of Ecological and Natural Resource Law of the decision of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia on the new nomenclature of scientific specialities for which academic degrees are awarded. It is shown how this decision will have a negative impact on the development of the law itself in the country. The author’s positions are based on the provisions of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the General theory of law, the theory of public law. The study was carried out in the context of the needs of solving acute problems of environmental protection and ensuring rational use of natural resources in the country, as well as overcoming the civilizational crisis.

Integrated Design Methods for Sustainable Public Seating in Urban Communities—A Shanghai Case Study

In the context of sustainable regeneration of urban communities, the sustainable construction of community urban furniture has gradually been emphasized. This study focuses on the existing problems of experience, culture, environmental protection, function, and other aspects of community urban furniture; starts from the user’s perspective to screen the user’s sustainable design needs for community public seating; and combines the scientific method to quantify and transform them into design factors to form a reasonable community sustainable public seating design program. Taking the public seating in Gumei Community Park in Shanghai as an example, the study adopts the qualitative research method to obtain demand indicators of users. It utilizes the integrated design framework of “AHP-QFD-FBS” to quantify the user needs and maps them into the product structure to identify the ten factors affecting the sustainability of public seating. A community co-creation workshop was conducted to complete a sustainability assessment with the help of life cycle assessment and scales. From the perspective of residents’ needs, it emphasizes the scientific process of demand transformation and ultimately produces sustainable design factors and serialized products for public seating. This approach introduces new ideas for the sustainable renewal of urban furniture and enhances the quality of urban residents’ leisure time.

Environmental noise protection problems of Hungary's old heavy industrial areas

Hungary's first domestic environmental noise regulation entered into force in 1984. Several heavy industrial areas operate in the country, which were established in the first half of the last century or in the decades following the Second World War. During this period, aspects of environmental noise protection were not yet considered. These heavy industry plants are usually located in huge industrial areas, operate thousands of diverse technological equipment and still remain significant factors of the Hungarian national economy. The reason for the development of the environmental noise problem is that during the intensive socialist industrialization, to satisfy the huge demand for labor, they developed residential areas around the industrial areas. This led to a situation, when environmental noise protection legislation came into force, these heavy industry plants found themselves in violation without any changes in their operations. The plants implemented noise reductions and attempted to comply with the limits, but mostly with little success. This presented an unsolvable problem to the plants, the authorities, and the residents too. The solution to the problem is the introduction of regulations on the designated highly noisy areas and several additional measures, following the international practice of designating noise protection zones.

Composition Study for Obtaining Medium-Light Mortars by Using Spent Mushroom Substrate

Abstract Besides other lignocellulose waste resulting from agriculture, spent mushroom substrate is a major concern due to the high amount of waste, usually improper disposed. Also, sand-based mortars require the use of this non-renewable and exhaustive aggregate and problems of environment protection arise. The study aims to analyze the possibilities of sand replacement in mortars composition with grounded substrate. The ratio between cement and sand in the studied compositions was 1:1, 1:2, and 1:4. The hardened mortars are analyzed in terms of colorimetric changes, density decrease, mechanical strength, hydrophobic properties, and freeze-frost resistance. Thus, medium-light mortars for applications that requires moderate strengths, with ecological implications results when up to 15% of sand is replaced with spent mushroom substrate. The results can be used for a deepen research, considering also a detailed life cycle assessment of the waste and, secondly, combining the replacement material with other waste types.

Environmental Protection Problems and Coping Strategies in Animal Husbandry

This paper studies the environmental protection of animal husbandry, analyzes the pollution problems, and clarifies the environmental challenges. This paper puts forward a response path to reduce the negative impact of animal husbandry on the environment through scientific management and technological innovation and promote green transformation and sustainable development. This paper provides a reference for researchers and helps the healthy and sustainable development of the animal husbandry industry in China.

The concept of liability for the degradation of the natural environment under Article 86 of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland

The concept of liability in environmental protection is addressed in the Constitutions in various ways if at all this issue is regulated in this type of act. The Polish constitutional legislator belongs to this group of constitutional legislators who have regulated the issues of legal liability in environmental protection in a direct manner. The constitutional legislator regulated this issue in Article 86 of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland. In the system of Polish Law, legal responsibility in environmental protection has been linked to the universal duty of everyone to care for the state of the environment. The Basic Law itself defines two designations of this responsibility. Firstly, it is personal responsibility for the effects caused by oneself. Secondly, it is responsible for the deterioration of the environment. Thus, it is indicated that it is a model of individualised liability, as well as liability that results from the deterioration of the state of the environment. However, some of the institutions of the Environmental Law related to liability do not stand the test of constitutionality. It is difficult to see the deterioration of the state of the environment in the breach of reporting and information obligations. This raises the questionof the constitutionality of legal liability for the breach of these obligations. Additionally, it should be pointed out that the deterioration of the state of theenvironment must be the result of a breach of the constitutional obligation to care for the state of the environment. Such a link results from the very construction of Article 86 of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland and the conjunction “and” used by the legislator. The model of the concept of respon-sibility in the protection of the environment in the Constitution of the Republic of Poland is a model linked to a universal duty, and not, for example, to the duties of the State or public authorities. It constitutes a modern solution making everyone aware that contemporary problems of environmental protection do not concern only the State, and that their solution should be the common domain of all subjects of the law. It also strengthens everyone’s awareness of their environmental responsibilities.

Optimum Tuning for the High-efficiency Removal of Malodorous Gas Containing Hydrogen Sulphide Using Biological Treatment

Hydrogen sulfide, as the main pollutant causing stench, has always been one of the main problems in environmental protection. In order to promote the practical application, a pilot study was carried out in this work on the biological treatment of hydrogen sulfide malodorous gas by the combined process of biological drip filtration on the basis of our previous laboratory-scale experiments. After enlarging the reactor in pilot experiment, various factors affecting the deodorization efficiency are compared in pilot scale and laboratory scale, and the optimum pilot condition are obtained. Furthermore, the mechanism of biological deodorization is analyzed. Based on the results of the comparison between the previous laboratory-scale and the pilot-scale of this work, possible bottlenecks and challenges of biological deodorization technology from pilot to industrial application are discussed. The technical approach proposed in this work provides an economical and efficient feasible scheme for biological deodorization in the industrial practice.

Treatment of surface wastewater from poultry farms when use water protection aggregate systems

During the operation of poultry farms a large amount of poultry manure is accumulated. Surface wastewater from landfills for storing poultry manure can become the main source of pollution of natural waters. Thus, one of the most important problems of environmental protection is the development of eff ective systems for protecting aquatic ecosystems from pollution by waste water generated at landfi lls for storing poultry manure. The purpose of research was the analysis of water protection systems for treatment of surface wastewater from the territory of poultry farms. The authors of the article consider the problem of protection of water bodies from contamination by surface wastewater from the catchment area of poultry farms. The example of surface wastewater from the catchment area of the poultry farm "Sverdlovskaya" has shown the negative impact on water ecosystems. Our own studies of snow contamination from the catchment area of the poultry farm have shown a high content of not only organic and biogenic substances, but also heavy metals. A biotechnology of wastewater treatment using natural ion-exchange materials, followed by bioregeneration of the latter by higher aquatic vegetation, has been developed. The use of an accumulative phytofilter is an effective method of protecting water ecosystems from contamination by surface wastewater from catchment areas of poultry farms, and the design ensures not only the environmental friendliness of the technology, but also naturally fi ts into the landscape of the area.

Studying the Process of Phosphogypsum Recycling into a Calcium Sulphide-Based Luminophor.

Currently, one of the most important problems of environmental protection is the deep and complex processing of mineral raw materials. This problem is especially relevant when processing substandard ores and production waste, one of which is phosphogypsum. This study examines the process of CaSO4/CaS composite material formation during the reduction of phosphogypsum with citric acid. The composite structure formation mechanism is proposed. The resulting materials are characterized using various methods, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy, the Scherrer method, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and FT-IR spectroscopy. The reduced sample emits orange radiation in the range of 500-750 nm with a quantum yield of 0.17. Experimental results showed that the sample decomposition process in the solid state consisted of two components with a predominant contribution from the long-lived component (~46 ns). The optimal conditions for producing luminescent materials by reducing phosphogypsum with citric acid were determined: a heat treatment temperature of 1073 K, a holding time of 60 min, and a reducing agent mole fraction of 37%. It was found that an increase in temperature with a simultaneous decrease in heat treatment time, as well as a decrease in temperature with a simultaneous increase in heat treatment time, led to a decrease in the luminescent properties of the synthesized material compared to optimal values. The results can be used to develop technology for recycling large-tonnage waste from the chemical industry into luminescent materials.

ЭКОЛОГО-ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИЕ АСПЕКТЫ ОХРАНЫ ОКРУЖАЮЩЕЙ СРЕДЫ ЯКУТИИ

The intensive development of the Russian industrial complex has led to the widespread development of mineral deposits in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). This continuous process is accompanied by a negative impact on the environment for a long time. And recently, the scale of mining has been expanding and covering more and more new territories, which causes the urgency of the problem of environmental protection during the intensification and intensification of mining operations in extreme conditions of the cryolithozone. In accordance with the strategy of "Security of Russia", financial resources are allocated annually from the state budget of the republic for various environmental measures to reduce the consequences of anthropogenic impact, but they are sometimes insufficient. Therefore, it is often necessary to attract private investment in order to maintain a stable environmental situation in certain areas of the republic. The main purpose of this study is to analyze the environmental and economic aspects of environmental protection in order to.

Methods and Techniques Supporting Energy and Media Savings in Maintenance of Public Transport Buses—State of the Art and Recommendations

In the article, the authors discussed the topic of energy and media savings in a public transport company. The article is of a review nature, referring to 100 sources, including scientific papers, books, conference proceedings, and websites. In the first part, a detailed literature review on environmental protection problems in road transport and methods of solving them was conducted. Subsequently, the authors reviewed the literature content on maintenance as a pro-environmental activity in transport companies. The great accent was paid to the problem of saving energy and media in the maintenance of public transport buses. Based on the literature and knowledge, the authors proposed the possibilities of conducting a rational method of managing the operation and maintenance of buses from the point of view of environmental protection, based on the strategy of predictive bus maintenance.

Міжсекторальна співпраця в контексті соціального розвитку територіальних громад України

The article examines the social aspects of the organization of intersectoral cooperation as one of the sources of the development of territorial communities and their adaptation to the complex socio-political and socio-economic conditions of the war period. The need to speed up recovery processes and successfully develop the country’s economy in combination with the European integration tasks currently makes this area of scientific research relevant. The purpose of the article is to determine the transformational changes in the development of intersectoral cooperation in territorial communities with the substantiation of stimulating mechanisms in the context of their social development tasks. The novelty is the generalization of the results of changes which took place in the organization of intersectoral cooperation in the field of social service provision in communities during the war period. The article uses the methods of system analysis, generalization and comparison, economic and statistical analysis. It was revealed that intersectoral cooperation in the territorial communities of the country has not yet acquired a systemic nature with appropriate legislative and regulatory support and is practiced only in case of critical exacerbation of local socio-economic or socio-ecological problems. The specifics of the modern organization of intersectoral interaction in the communities of the country was considered and the main trends of its development in the field of social service provision, as well as the possibility of overcoming the wartime barriers, were identified. It was found that the main obstacles to the development of intersectoral cooperation are related to its informal nature, the low level of complementarity of interacting parties’ interests, and the lack of platforms for communication. In the absence of a comprehensive concept of the development of territorial communities’ social sphere in the war period, an assessment of the sphere of social service provision in the communities was carried out, and the problems of its digitalization and staffing were determined from the perspective of the possibilities for development of various social interaction forms. The need to transition to a new format of intersectoral cooperation based on partnership, social responsibility, and constructive dialogue between participants in order to successfully implement local initiatives and minimize the negative consequences of competition between various entities and social groups has been proved. Actively spreading the possibilities of cross-sectoral cooperation, formed on collective efforts and joint responsibility on a partnership basis, to the social development of communities will ensure the successful solution of local socio-economic, information & communication, environmental protection problems, taking into account the interests of local residents. The article defines directions and conditions of the organization of intersectoral cooperation that are strategically significant for the social development of the country’s territorial communities and suggests appropriate mechanisms capable of strengthening its potential in the near future.

Hygienic estimation of working conditions and hazard indices for persons involved in the application of pesticides on berries and melon cultures in the conditions of personal peasant farms

the problems of environmental protection and chemical safety of agricultural workers when working with pesticides are urgent. The assessment of working conditions is a mandatory component to substantiate the principles of risk management of their possible adverse impact on employees. The purpose of the work: conducting a hygienic assessment of working conditions and risks for people who process berry and melon crops with Amistar Gold, Topaz, Uniform, Rydomil Gold, Dual Gold, Vertimek in the private sector, and also substantiation of the regulations for the safe use of these pesticides. Field studies were conducted in Ukraine's different soil and climate regions. The assessment of the danger index (risk) for workers was carried out using data on the content of the studied active substances in the air of the working area and levels of skin contamination following MR 8.8.1.4-162-2009 "Study, assessment and reduction of the risk of inhalation and percutaneous exposure...". Statistical processing of the results was carried out using EZR v. 1.55, MedStat v. 5.2. Аs a result of field studies conducted with the Amistar Gold, Topaz, Uniform, Ridomil Gold, Dual Gold, Vertimek pesticides, no exceedances of hygienic standards were found in the air of the working area and the air above the treated area and in the area of possible aerial drift of the pesticides. Values of percutaneous risk for operators were from 0.00007±0.00005 to 0.069±0.044, inhalation – ranged 0.000003±0.0000025 to 0.005±0.0025, total –0.0001±0.00005 to 0.069 ±0.044, combined – 0.010±0.0016 to 0.017±0.0028. The share of percutaneous risk for operators was in the range of 47.3-99.9%. After analyzing the obtained results, it can be concluded that the percutaneous, inhalation, total and combined risks during knapsack treatment with fungicides Amistar Gold, Topaz, Uniform, Rydomil Gold, herbicide Dual Gold and insecticide Vertimek in the private sector are less than 1, i.e., do not exceed the permissible limit.

Су беттерін және кәсіпорындардың ағынды суларын биоремедиациялау мәселесі бойынша

The problem of environmental protection from pollution by oil, petroleum products and industrial wastewater, as well as their disposal, is becoming increasingly acute due to the limited possibilities, and sometimes environmental insecurity, of using mechanical, physical and chemical cleaning methods for these purposes. In this regard, the possibility of using microorganisms capable of growing and displaying active biochemical activity in an environment with a high content of oil, petroleum products and industrial waste capable of biodegradation of these substances for purification purposes is relevant. The article analyzes the existing modern technologies for cleaning water surfaces and wastewater of industrial enterprises from oil and petroleum products pollution. Indicates the urgent need for the introduction of modern cleaning technologies, as well as the improvement of existing technologies. The article proposes modern methods of biological purification of water surfaces, bioremediation is a set of measures for cleaning soils and waters using the metabolic potential of biological objects. The use of microorganisms, insects, plants, algae, fungi is considered one of the most environmentally friendly and cost-effective technologies for cleaning at this stage

Application Status and Development of Green Coatings

With the progress of modern society, people's awareness of environmental protection is gradually enhanced, and the problem of environmental protection is also increasingly paid attention to. At present, various green environmental protection coatings have become popular in many countries and regions. Green environmental protection coating as a new, efficient, safe and pollution-free environment-friendly coating, on the premise of sustainable development, through continuous innovation and research and development, can not only protect the natural environment, but also beneficial to human health. The purpose of this paper is to give a brief overview of green coatings, introduce the application status and production development of green coatings, and summarize the possible development trends and prospects of green coatings in the future.

Elements of technology for processing and disposal of food waste during the operation of ships

This article is devoted to the problem of environmental protection by food waste, which is most relevant for water tourism facilities, as well as small and remote settlements. The authors propose, when solving the problem of food waste, to consider the process of their formation, examining the complete process of existence of food products, taking into account their movement in space and transformations, as a result of which waste is formed. This approach allowed us to establish the main stages of this process – preparation for cooking, preparation, and consumption. It is shown that each of them generates waste in different amounts and of different properties. It is also shown that these factors, in turn, determine the most effective technologies and means of processing and recycling food waste. The authors propose, by managing the amount of waste generated, taking into account the quality, to form technologies and means for recycling and disposal of waste. The advantages of this approach are confirmed by examples of ecological solutions that take into account the formation of waste in the process of food transformation, as well as their movement in space, which simultaneously ensures the availability of different solutions to the waste problem for each specific object, including such as water tourism facilities. The availability of different options for solving the waste problem provides the opportunity to choose the most effective solution in the context of organizing a solution to the problem of food waste.

Eco-friendly nanoparticles: mechanisms and capacities for efficient removal of heavy metals and phosphate from water using definitive screening design approach.

Can nano-zero-valent iron, synthesized using oak leaf extract, be the key solution for water preservation, efficiently removing heavy metal ions and phosphate anions simultaneously? This research unveils how this technology not only promises high efficiency in the remediation of water resources, but also sets new standards for environmentally friendly processes. The high antioxidant capacity and high phenol content indicate suggest the possibility of oak-nZVI synthesis using oak leaf extract as a stable material with minimal agglomeration. The simultaneous removal of Cd and phosphates, as well as and Ni and phosphates was optimized by a statistically designed experiment with a definitive screening design approach. By defining the key factors with the most significant impact, a more efficient and faster method is achieved, improving the economic sustainability of the research by minimizing the number of experiments while maximizing precision. In terms of significance, four input parameters affecting process productivity were monitored: initial metal concentration (1-9mgL-1), initial ion concentration (1-9mgL-1), pH value (2-10), and oak-nZVI dosage (2-16mL). The process optimization resulted in the highest simultaneous removal efficiency of 98.99 and 87.30% for cadmium and phosphate ions, respectively. The highest efficiency for the simultaneous removal of nickel and phosphate ions was 93.44 and 96.75%, respectively. The optimization process fits within the confidence intervals, which confirms the assumption that the selected regression model well describes the process. In the context of e of the challenges and problems of environmental protection, this work has shown considerable potential and successful application for the simultaneous removal of Cd(II) and Ni(II) in the presence of phosphates from water.

UCST-Type Soluble Immobilized Cellulase: A New Strategy for the Efficient Degradation and Improved Recycling Performance of Wastepaper Cellulose.

This paper reports an innovative study that aims to address key issues in the efficient recycling of wastepaper cellulose. The research team utilized the temperature-responsive upper critical solution temperature (UCST) polymer P(NAGA-b-DMA) in combination with the LytA label's affinity for choline analogs. This innovative approach enabled them to successfully develop a novel soluble immobilized enzyme, P(NAGA-b-DMA)-cellulase. This new enzyme has proven highly effective, significantly enhancing the degradation of wastepaper cellulose while demonstrating exceptional stability. Compared with the traditional insoluble immobilized cellulase, the enzyme showed a significant improvement in the pH, temperature stability, recycling ability, and storage stability. A kinetic parameter calculation showed that the enzymatic effectiveness of the soluble immobilized enzyme was much better than that of the traditional insoluble immobilized cellulase. After the immobilization reaction, the Michaelis constant of the immobilized enzyme was only increased by 11.5%. In the actual wastepaper degradation experiment, the immobilized enzyme was effectively used, and it was found that the degradation efficiency of wastepaper cellulose reached 80% of that observed in laboratory conditions. This novel, thermosensitive soluble immobilized cellulase can efficiently catalyze the conversion of wastepaper cellulose into glucose under suitable conditions, so as to further ferment into environmentally friendly biofuel ethanol, which provides a solution to solve the shortage of raw materials and environmental protection problems in the paper products industry.

International Law Regulation of Environmental Security in Disarmament Treaties

INTRODUCTION. Currently, one of the urgent issues on the agenda is environmental protection. In the 80s 20th Century, due to the sharp degradation of the environment, the world community raised the issue of developing a concept of environmental safety. It has been integrated into the comprehensive system of international security as one of the constituent elements that is becoming increasingly important.The absence of lasting peace, the spread of armed conflicts, and the accumulation of weapons, including nuclear weapons, are of concern to the international community. Therefore, an important task in improving the system of international legal regulation of environmental protection is to improve its contractual basis.MATERIALS AND METHODS. This study uses the works of both domestic and foreign experts in international law and analyzes international legal documents on disarmament. In the course of the study, general scientific methods of cognition were used, which made it possible to systematically and logically study the subject of research in interrelation, interdependence and interdependence (comparative legal, formal legal methods, analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction).THE RESULTS OF THE STUDY. Within the framework of this article, the author analyzed the problem of international legal environmental protection in relation to disarmament and made proposals for their solution and further development of international legal regulation.JUDGMENTS AND CONCLUSIONS. According to the results of the study, it was found that treaties adopted in international law to ensure international security contribute not only to the maintenance of peace, but also to environmental safety, which over the past 30 years has become included in most international legal documents.

THE ESSENCE OF MIND STRATEGY IN THE RELATIONSHIP WITH NATURE: HUMAN-NATURE-WISDOM UNITY

A systematic approach requires combining the knowledge of related subjects (e.g., natural sciences) into a whole and making conditions for the learners to research, draw conclusions, process abundant and diverse information, improve and change, complete their knowledge, i.e., eliminate common/traditional subject barriers, refuse narrow empiricism. The field of science education is wide, complex and diverse. It is not only the transmission of natural science knowledge but also ecological, environmental, antidrug, sexual, antinicotine education, healthy lifestyle training, etc. Today’s society is dealing with very relevant issues of nature protection, nature conservation, ecology, environmental protection, and other problems. All this requires a new approach from all of us, the efforts of various field specialists, eliminating all separating barriers. Global problems are a common concern for all of us. This is just because not a single problem is isolated from another, most of them are intertwined, fully determined, united in their nature. Therefore, knowing (clarifying) connections is complicated and hardly achievable. Their solution is possible only when they are comprehensively analysed by closely linking them together.