Reading Comprehension Problems Research Articles

An investigation of the bidirectional relationship between reading comprehension and internalizing and externalizing problems

Reading comprehension problems and internalizing and externalizing problems have a high co-occurrence in middle elementary (grades 3–5) children. This study adopted a three-wave longitudinal design to explore the bidirectional relationship between reading comprehension and internalizing/externalizing problems in a sample of 754 middle-grade elementary children (Mage = 8.54, SD = 0.68; 273 girls) from three elementary schools in China. After controlling for gender, age, and family SES, and the autoregressive effects, the cross-lagged model results showed that (1) reading comprehension and externalizing problems were significantly related to each other in grades 3 to 5; while (2) there was only a unidirectional predictive effect of reading comprehension on internalizing problems in grades 3 to 5; and (3) there were also bidirectional effects between reading comprehension and externalizing problems. Our findings highlight the dynamic nature of the relationships between reading comprehension, internalizing problems, and externalizing problems in middle elementary school children.

Demonstration-based learning for few-shot biomedical named entity recognition under machine reading comprehension

Objective:Although deep learning techniques have shown significant achievements, they frequently depend on extensive amounts of hand-labeled data and tend to perform inadequately in few-shot scenarios. The objective of this study is to devise a strategy that can improve the model’s capability to recognize biomedical entities in scenarios of few-shot learning. Methods:By redefining biomedical named entity recognition (BioNER) as a machine reading comprehension (MRC) problem, we propose a demonstration-based learning method to address few-shot BioNER, which involves constructing appropriate task demonstrations. In assessing our proposed method, we compared the proposed method with existing advanced methods using six benchmark datasets, including BC4CHEMD, BC5CDR-Chemical, BC5CDR-Disease, NCBI-Disease, BC2GM, and JNLPBA. Results:We examined the models’ efficacy by reporting F1 scores from both the 25-shot and 50-shot learning experiments. In 25-shot learning, we observed 1.1% improvements in the average F1 scores compared to the baseline method, reaching 61.7%, 84.1%, 69.1%, 70.1%, 50.6%, and 59.9% on six datasets, respectively. In 50-shot learning, we further improved the average F1 scores by 1.0% compared to the baseline method, reaching 73.1%, 86.8%, 76.1%, 75.6%, 61.7%, and 65.4%, respectively. Conclusion:We reported that in the realm of few-shot learning BioNER, MRC-based language models are much more proficient in recognizing biomedical entities compared to the sequence labeling approach. Furthermore, our MRC-language models can compete successfully with fully-supervised learning methodologies that rely heavily on the availability of abundant annotated data. These results highlight possible pathways for future advancements in few-shot BioNER methodologies.

An approach to automatic answering for English reading comprehension tests

This study focuses on the reading comprehension problem with multiple-choice answers, using the BERT model to achieve the highest performance. The ultimate goal is to create a solution to help solve reading comprehension problems without any reasoning or knowledge, suitable for the level of students in grades six and seven. The model will solve factoid questions from a given text. Our research topic will use a deep learning model-based approach to create a model that automatically answers the English reading comprehension question. We obtain promising results to give an accuracy of 78 percent.

KETERAMPILAN MEMBACA PEMAHAMAN MATERI RAGAM TEKS BERBASIS HOTS DI SD: STUDI LITERATUR

This research aims to examine the very low reading comprehension skills in Indonesia. It can be seen that the position of students' reading literacy skills in Indonesia from the results of several PIRLS surveys in 2006, IEA 2011, and PISA in 2018 can be categorized as very worrying. This international research assessment standard refers to advanced reading (comprehension) or what is often called HOTS (High Order Thinking Skills). The purpose of this article is to provide information regarding Indonesian students' ability to read comprehension with HOTS-based text variation material in Indonesian language learning, both regarding various problems that result in low reading comprehension skills and how to improve reading comprehension skills in elementary schools. This research uses qualitative research methods by studying literature or literature studies using several sources of written literature, data, and book references and other scientific journal articles. The results of the research show that reading comprehension problems are caused by incorrect comprehension orientation regarding advanced reading levels and lack of variety in learning to read questions in elementary schools so that reading comprehension skills are very low.

Reading Comprehension Problems in Chinese among Children in a Malaysian International School

Reading Comprehension Problems in Chinese among Children in a Malaysian International School

THE INFLUENCES OF SCANNING STRATEGY AND READING INTEREST TOWARDS THE EIGHTH GRADE STUDENTS’ READING COMPREHENSION ON LABEL TEXTS OF PGRI JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL 1 OF PALEMBANG

The writer used a strategy calls scanning strategy to solve students’ problems in reading comprehension. Scanning Strategy and reading interest give a significant influence on the students’ reading comprehension achievement especially for students who havea low reading interest. The teacher of English should be more creative to choose the technique for students.The main problem of this study was formulated as follows: ‘Was there any significant difference in reading comprehension achievement between the eighth grade students who had high reading interest taught by using scanning strategy and those who were taught by using conventional technique at Junior High School PGRI 1 of Palembang, was there any significant difference in reading comprehension achievement between the eighth grade students who had low reading interest taught by using scanning strategy and those who were taught by using conventional technique at Junior High School PGRI 1 of Palembang, was there any significant difference in reading comprehension achievement between the eighth grade students taught by using scanning strategy who had high and low reading interest at Junior High School PGRI 1 of Palembang, was there any significant difference in reading comprehension achievement between the eight grade students taught by using conventional technique who had high and low reading interest at Junior High School PGRI 1 of Palembang and were there any interaction effects of scanning strategy and students’ reading interest towards the eighth grade students’ reading comprehension achievement at Junior High School PGRI 1 of Palembang. This study used experimental research. method. The subjects of this study were eighth grade students of PGRI Junior High School 1 of Palembang. While the object of this research is the used 2 x 2 (two by two) factorial designs because there were two factors (Scanning Strategy and reading Interest) and two levels (low and High Reading Interest).

Increasing The Students’ Ability In Reading Comprehension By Using Shared Reading Strategy At The Eighth Grade Of SMP Negeri 3 Gunungsitoli In 2022/2023

Reading was a part of four skills in mastering English that should be taught at school because it an important skill to be mastered. In learning English there were four basic skills that should be mastered by students. They were listening, speaking, reading and writing. Reading had to be mastered by students because it could help students got a lot of information and could increase their knowledge for example by reading; the students were expected to build their own comprehension of the text. Based on the observation that was done by researcher in SMP Negeri 3 Gunungsitoli, especially in the eighth grade, most of the students could not achieve the MCC 70. Problems faced by students in learning reading comprehension: the students lacked of vocabulary, the students were not able to identified the topic of the recount text, the students lacked an understanding of the meaning of words in the text, the students could not know the generic structure of the recount text. The research did aim to address students’ problems in reading comprehension through shared reading strategy. This research used a quantitative method and used Classroom Action Research (CAR) design which consists of planning, action, observation, reflection. This research was carried out two cycles and each cycle was conducted two meetings. In cycle I showed that there were 20 students who did not pass the MCC out of 30 students and the average student score was 51.66. In addition, in Cycle I there were results from student evaluations with the lowest score of 20 and the highest score of 85. In Cycle II, all students had passed the MCC out of 30 students and with an average student score of 85.16 and there was a lowest score of 70 and the highest score of 100. Based on the results of the study, the researcher concluded that the used of shared reading strategy could improve students’ reading comprehension skill.

Impact of Affective and Cognitive Variables on University Student Reading Comprehension

The problem of reading comprehension at the university level has not been sufficiently explored in the field of education research. Understanding written texts is an essential prerequisite for academic success during university. Consequently, reading comprehension challenges can influence the dropout rate at the university level. On the other hand, research has been conducted from a cognitive perspective, without considering affective variables such as reading motivation and its relationship with linguistic and psychological variables. In this study, five questionnaires were administered to a sample of 65 teaching students from different disciplines. The questionnaires dealt with linguistic dimensions such as reading comprehension, at lexical, textual, and discursive levels; psychological aspects such as reading motivation; and cognitive aspects such as working memory. The results obtained through bivariate and mediation analyses show the mediating role of vocabulary in reading comprehension and other cognitive and affective variables. In this context, working memory has a positive indirect effect on more explicit processing tasks in reading comprehension of long texts associated with discourse comprehension. Finally, intrinsic motivation has a positive indirect effect on reading fluency and also on the comprehension of short texts. It also correlates positively with vocabulary tasks. These results are relevant in order to establish a reading profile of university students who have reading comprehension problems, as found in this study.

The Effect of Using Read Cover Remember Retell (RCRR) Strategy Towards Students’ Reading Comprehension on Narrative Text in UPT SMP Negeri 1 Padang Gelugur

This research was aimed at finding out the effect of using (RCRR) strategy towards student’s reading comprehension on narrative text at the ninth grade of UPT SMP Negri 1 Padang Gelugur. The rationality of this research was based on the students’ problems in reading comprehension. Firstly, the students’ achievements on reading comprehension narrative text was still low. Secondly, the strategy taken by the teacher in class was monotonous. Thirdly, the srtudents had difficulties on comprehending the detailed information on narrative text. This research employed quantitative method. In this research, the researcher used purposive sampling. The population of this research was the IX grade students at UPT SMP Negeri 1 Padang Gelugur. The research instrument of this research was reading test, which were tested for pre-test and post-test session. In this research, the researcher used descriptive and inferential statistic to analyzed the data. The result of the research indicated that was significant effect of using RCRR strategy towards students’ redading comprehension. It can be seen from p-value which was smaller than the alpha value(0,000<0,05). It is concluded that, using RCRR strategy gave significant effect towards students’ reading comprehension on narrative text.

The Effect of Discovery Learning Method Towards Students’ Reading Comprehension on Analytical Exposition Text in SMA N 1 Payung Sekaki

This research was aimed at finding out the effect of using discovery learning method toward student’s reading comprehension on analytical exposition text in SMA N 1 Payung Sekaki. The rationality of this research was based on the student’s problems in reading comprehension when learning English. First, Students have difficulties in comprehending analytical exposition text. Second, students do not understand the material analytical exposition text. Third, students have lack of motivation in learning This research employed quantitative method. In this research, the researcher used quasi-experimental research design by comparing two classes. The sample of this research was the 11th grade students at SMA 1 Payung Sekaki. The research instrument of this research was reading test, which were tested for pre-test and post-test. The data was analyzed by using SPSS 22. The result of the research indicated that there was significant effect of students reading comprehension between the students who were taught by using discovery learning method and without using discovery learning method. It can be seen from the calculation of the data in one sample t test and paired sample t-test it showed the significance of 2-Tailed was 0,000 < 0,05 so that Ha was accepted and Ho was rejected. It can be concluded, there is significant effect of using discovery learning method.

ANALYSIS OF THE SEVENTH GRADE STUDENTS’ DIFFICULTIES FACTOR IN READING COMPREHENSION AT SMPN 1 CAMPURDARAT

Reading is important in learning English. The ability to reading comprehension is an ability that is naturally not owned by a student. In practice, this process is seen as complex, so it is not impossible that learning in reading comprehension obstacles and problems when learning implement it. The aim of this research is to find out the causal factors of students' reading comprehension difficulties on descriptive text at the seventh grade of SMPN 1 Campurdarat. This research is a descriptive qualitative research. The subject of the research is seventh grade students of SMPN 1 Campurdarat in Academic Year 2022/2023. The techniques of collecting the data are interview and test. Data analyzing include data reduction, data display and drawing conclusions or verification, the researcher arranging the information described in order to draw conclusion. The result of the research shows that the factor of causing the students difficulties found in comprehending English reading text there are difficulty in understanding long sentence in the text, difficulty in using reading strategies, difficulty in Concentration, learner's background, house environment and school environment.

The Effectiveness of Repeated Reading and Supported Cloze Procedure to Improve Beginning Reading Skills in Elementary School Slow Learner Students

Literacy plays a very important role in the academic performance and overall development of elementary school students. However, many elementary school age children experience problems in reading, including fluency, accuracy and reading comprehension. This affects the learning process and causes poor academic results. The initial reading ability of 4th grade elementary school slow learner students at MI Salafiyah Mahbubiyah still has not received special treatment to improve their reading ability. Improving initial reading skills in slow learner students must be done in the right way, one of which is repeated reading and supported cloze procedures. To overcome this problem, the intervention was carried out using the repeated reading method and supported cloze procedure. The aim of this research is to see the effectiveness of repeated reading and supported cloze procedures to improve the beginning reading abilities of slow learner students in grade 4 of elementary school. This intervention aims to improve early reading skills in elementary school children who experience slow learning. This research uses a single case experimental design, where the subjects are 4th grade elementary school students. The development of the subject's reading ability was measured using Gickling and Armstrong's checklist, namely Reading Proficiency and Error Checklists. The results of the research show that there is a difference after being given the repeated reading and supported cloze procedure technique and before being given the repeated reading and supported cloze procedure on the subject. This means that (Ha) is accepted and (Ho) is rejected. So, it can be concluded that the repeated reading and supported cloze procedure is effective in improving the initial reading skills of slow learner students in grade 4 of elementary school.

Using of Morphological Theory to Improve English Reading Comprehension Ability of Buriram Rajabhat University Students

This study aimed to 1) explore the English reading comprehension problems and needs of Buriram Rajabhat University students, 2) construct the English reading comprehension handbook by using morphological theory to improve their English reading comprehension ability, and 3) evaluate the effectiveness of the English reading comprehension handbook that uses morphological theory. The population consisted of 128 first-year students at Buriram Rajabhat University, had taken the BRU English proficiency test and experienced difficulties with English during the 2023 academic year. From this population, a sample of 30 participants was selected using systematic sampling techniques. The study used several research instruments to collect data which included: 1) a questionnaire to identify the problems faced by students in comprehending English reading, 2) an English reading comprehension handbook by using morphological theory, 3) pre-test and post-test, and 4) a students’ satisfaction with the English reading comprehension handbook that uses morphological theory questionnaire. The results revealed that 1) most students at Buriram Rajabhat University acknowledged facing challenges in English reading comprehension, with vocabulary knowledge receiving the highest, followed by fundamental knowledge, and knowledge of sentence structure, respectively. Moreover, the students express a high-level need to improve their English comprehension using morphological theory. 2) The handbook is structured into five chapters, each rooted in morphological theory to offer through assistance for students facing challenges in English reading comprehension. 3) The English reading comprehension handbook, which utilized morphological theory, received the highest level of student satisfaction and students demonstrate higher English proficiency test scores after utilizing the English.

Uso de las macrorreglas para mejorar la comprensión de textos en estudiantes universitarios

This study was conducted to address the problems of reading comprehension faced by students in the first cycle of the Art Program at the National University of the Altiplano, in Puno - Peru. The aim was to evaluate the effectiveness of macro-rules in improving academic text comprehension among students in the aforementioned program. Regarding the methodology, an experimental approach with a quasi-experimental design was used, and the Student's T-test was applied. Data were collected through written tests with open and closed questions. The results show a significant improvement, with Tc = 7.1 and Tt = 1.6 (α = 0.05), and a p-value of 0.000 < 0.05, indicating a notable difference after the experimental treatment. It was concluded that the application of macro-rules effectively improves academic text comprehension in university students in the Art Program at the National University of the Altiplano. This is because the results showed a statistically significant improvement in reading comprehension after the implementation of the macro-rules.

A Descriptive Study of the Students' Problems in English Reading Comprehension of X grade at SMAS AMKUR Sungai Pinyuh in the Academic year 2021/2022

This study investigates the problem of student English reading in the Senior High School of SMAS AMKUR Sungai Pinyuh in terms of types of material, reading tasks, and cognitive level of reading tasks. The participant of this study consists of 23 students of grade X Social Studies. The researchers used descriptive qualitative research to develop the material in teaching reading, especially for English subjects. Not only for the texts, vocabulary, and the information but also to build students’ critical thinking in reading comprehension. The book used as the instrument is Bahasa Inggris SMA/MA/SMK/MAK Kelas X Edisi Revisi 2017 published by Pusat Kurikulum dan Perbukuan, Balitbang, Kemendikbud. The findings based on the teacher’s observation from the students showed that some texts are too long and most of the time the readers do not suitable to the local contexts, the text used unfamiliar words to the students, and the books do not provide the list of vocabularies, used direct information to the answers of the questions after reading the text. Based on the research findings, the recommendation to improve students' reading comprehension is that the teacher needs to be more selective to know that the material is suitable for the students.

Impacts of Combined Reading Strategy Instruction on Ethiopian Students’ Strategy Use and Perception

The aim of this study was to explore the effectiveness of combined reading strategy instruction on reading strategy use and perception of Ethiopian secondary school English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners. Using a quasi-experimental pre-test-post control group design, eighty-seven students were selected from two intact classes that were assigned to the control and experimental groups. Questionnaires and interviews were used to collect the data. After identifying students' level of reading strategies, students in the experimental group were explicitly taught a combination of reading strategies. The training took four months and at the end of which, a questionnaire was administered to both groups, whereas the interview was conducted only with the experimental group. ANCOVA and interview findings indicated that students in the treatment group greatly benefited from the training. Hence, it was concluded that combined reading strategy instruction is vital for EFL students to increase their reading strategy use and awareness which in turn helps them to improve their reading comprehension problems. Finally, it was recommended that EFL teachers should consider the role of combined reading strategies during teaching reading.

The Effect of Using Paragraph Shrinking Strategy Toward Students Reading Comprehension in Narrative Text at Ninth Grade of MTS Koto Tinggi

This research was conducted to determine the effect of using the paragraph reduction strategy on students' reading comprehension in Narrative Text in class nine at MTS Koto Tinggi. The background of this research is based on students' problems in reading comprehension when learning English. First, students cannot find the main idea and identify important information in the text. Second, students are lazy to read and understand texts because students do not know the meaning of the vocabulary in the text. Third, some students got low scores in reading. In this research, researchers used quantitative methods with a quasi-experimental research design by comparing two classes. The sample for this research was class 9 students at MTS Koto Tinggi, IX B as the experimental class, totaling 15 students, and IX C as the control class, totaling 15 students. The instrument of this research is a reading test. Data were analyzed using SPSS 22. The results showed that there was a significant influence on students' reading comprehension between students who were taught using the paragraph reduction strategy and without using the paragraph reduction strategy. This can be seen from the data calculations in the one sample t test and paired sample t-test showing a 2-Tailed significance of 0.000 < 0.05 so that Ha is accepted and Ho is rejected. It can be concluded that there is a significant effect of using the paragraph reduction strategy on students' reading comprehension and there is a difference between the reading comprehension of students taught using the paragraph reduction strategy and students taught using conventional methods. It can be concluded that the use of the paragraph reduction strategy has a significant influence on students to improve reading comprehension.

Speech disfluencies in children with developmental dyslexia: How do they differ from typical development?

Disfluency is a multifactorial concept that can be linked to several of the language production levels, in both typical and atypical populations. In children, the language system is still developing and few studies have explored disfluency patterns. In typical development (TD), in particular, studies have shown discrepancies according to the language being considered. In neurodevelopmental disorders, such as developmental dyslexia (DD), it is still unclear whether the pattern of disfluency is similar to TD. To analyse the type of disfluency and their evolution in French children aged 8-12 years. Also to compare the pattern of disfluency in DD and TD, and to test whether disfluencies were correlated with reading difficulties. A total of 25 children with DD and 21 children with TD aged 8-12.6 years produced an autobiographical narrative. Seven types of disfluencies were coded: part-word repetitions; repetitions of monosyllabic words; other types of repetitions (words and phrases); filled pauses; revisions-substitutions; revisions-additions; and abandoned utterances. We compared the proportion of each disfluency in DD and TD. Spearman correlations were then performed between disfluencies, reading performance and age. The results showed that both DD and TD children mainly produced filled pauses, repetitions of monosyllabic words and substitutions. Both groups displayed a high rate of disfluency (> 10%). No correlations with age were found. Correlations with reading performance were significant in the TD group only. The study showed that DD is not characterized by a specific pattern of disfluency. Additionally, disfluency rates were similar in children aged 8-12 years. In contrast to other languages, the current study suggests that French-speaking children have a high rate of disfluency. The study also suggests that disfluency should be interpreted with caution in DD, given that TD children also have a high rate of disfluency. Therefore, it seems important to adapt the pathological threshold of disfluency to the language being spoken in order to avoid an overestimation of the prevalence of these deficits in French-speaking children. What is already known on this subject TD children produce a high rate of disfluency, which is also influenced by the language being spoken. No study looked at the effect of DD on disfluency production. Nonetheless, problems in reading comprehension and reduced reading experience may impact lexical development and speech fluency. What this paper adds to the existing knowledge In our study, both groups (French-speaking children) produced a substantial amount of disfluency as compared with other languages (> 10%). Additionally, the pattern of disfluency was similar in TD and DD (namely, filled pauses, prolongations repetitions of monosyllabic words and substitutions). In the DD group, disfluency production was not correlated with reading performance. What are the potential or actual clinical implications of this work? These results indicate that it is crucial to consider the language being spoken when examining disfluency in order to avoid an overestimation of language difficulties in some languages, such as in French. Moreover, the production of disfluencies in DD should not be considered as language dysfunction since the pattern of disfluency what quite similar in TD and DD, and did not correlate with their reading difficulties.

Reading Comprehension Problems among First and Second Year EFL Students at Shaikh Zayed University in Afghanistan

It is obviously clear that strong reading comprehension has a significant influence on students’ success at university. This study aims to investigate reading comprehension problems among first and second year EFL students at Shaikh Zayed University in Afghanistan. Fifty EFL first and second year students from the Department of English participated in the survey. The study used a random sampling design of a quantitative approach. The data were gathered through a five-point Likert scale style questionnaire adopted from Abu Abeeleh, Al-Ghazo, and Al-Sobh (2021). The data were analyzed through SPSS V.23 software to calculate the descriptive statistics, frequency, percentage and mean score. The results indicated that great majority of respondents agreed on the reading comprehension problems. Students had problems in understanding the meaning of new words, feeling anxious and upset were also their problems when they read something in English and cannot understand it. Identifying the aim, no confident, extraction of main and detailed ideas from the text also hindered reading comprehension. Understanding the text's overall meaning and translating every word individually, summarizing the main ideas, distinguishing between the main idea and supporting ideas and stressed were their major reading comprehension problems as well. The findings of the study are essential for English language professors in Afghan EFL classrooms in responding to the problem above. This study proposes that students should be taught reading comprehension strategies such as skimming, scanning, making inferences, looking for main idea, making predictions, improving vocabulary, etc.

Reading Comprehension Problem and Solution in Online Classroom

The research focus on finding the problem and solution of reading comprehension in online learning class at ninth grade in 2022/2023 Academic Year. The research problems are focused on; 1. How do students learn reading comprehension in online learning class? 2. What kind of problems faced by students in studying reading comprehension in online learning class?, 3. What strategies can be used by students to solve the problems in online learning class?. To find the answer of the problem above descriptive qualitative research was conducted. The results of this research were in the form of words and sentences. It was found that some strategies were used by students as scan reading to save time and reduced eye strain due to gadget light, form a small group study with students who are near home to join reading class together and discuss about the material. if students found it was hard to read by smartphones or laptop some students print out the assignment given by teacher. Therefore, students could read easily, and underline the important information directly. Different from previous studies, this research, in addition to finding problems, also offers useful solutions for online reading learning.