Soil Salinity Problems Research Articles

Assessment of microbial diversity in various saline soils driven by salt content

The Yellow River Delta, as an important reserve land resource area, faces soil salinization problems. Understanding the bacterial community composition in saline soils is an important foundation for control and utilization of saline soils. However, few studies have been conducted on the composition of bacterial communities in soils with different degrees of salinization. Thus, saline soils categorized into low-salinity (LS), medium-salinity (MS), and high-salinity (HS) based on electrical conductivity (EC) were collected. The 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing analysis was performed to analyze the effects of salinities on soil bacterial community patterns, as well as the relationships between soil bacterial communities and environmental factors. The results showed that Actinobacteriota, Proteobacteria, Chloroflexi, Firmicutes, Acidobacteriota, Gemmatimonadota and Bacteroidota accounted for almost 90 % of all the bacterial community. The linear discriminant analysis effects (LDA > 3.7) showed that 6, 5 and 3 biomarkers were present in LS, MS and HS soils, respectively, which indicated EC was an important factor influencing the saline soil bacterial community patterns. Redundancy analysis further revealed that the primary environmental parameters impacting the bacterial community were pH, EC, nitrate nitrogen, available phosphorus, total phosphorus, and soil organic matter. According to network analysis, the microbial network complexity was increased steadily with increasing of soil salinity. These findings together revealed that bacterial communities could serve as a reliable way to assess and improve the quality of salinized soils.

RNA-Seq and WGCNA Analyses Reveal Key Regulatory Modules and Genes for Salt Tolerance in Cotton.

The problem of soil salinization has seriously hindered agricultural development. Cotton is a pioneering salinity-tolerant crop, so harvesting its key salinity-tolerant genes is important for improving crop salt tolerance. In this study, we analyzed changes in the transcriptome expression profiles of the salt-tolerant cultivar Lu Mian 28 (LM) and the salt-sensitive cultivar Zhong Mian Suo 12 (ZMS) after applying salt stress, and we constructed weighted gene co-expression networks (WGCNA). The results indicated that photosynthesis, amino acid biosynthesis, membrane lipid remodeling, autophagy, and ROS scavenging are key pathways in the salt stress response. Plant-pathogen interactions, plant hormone signal transduction, the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway, and carotenoid biosynthesis are the regulatory networks associated with these metabolic pathways that confer cotton salt tolerance. The gene-weighted co-expression network was used to screen four modules closely related to traits, identifying 114 transcription factors, including WRKYs, ERFs, NACs, bHLHs, bZIPs, and MYBs, and 11 hub genes. This study provides a reference for acquiring salt-tolerant cotton and abundant genetic resources for molecular breeding.

Trends and Directions in Oats Research under Drought and Salt Stresses: A Bibliometric Analysis (1993-2023).

With global climate change leading to increasing intensity and frequency of droughts, as well as the growing problem of soil salinization, these factors significantly affect crop growth, yield, and resilience to adversity. Oats are a cereal widely grown in temperate regions and are rich in nutritive value; however, the scientific literature on the response of oat to drought and salt stress has not yet been analyzed in detail. This study comprehensively analyzed the response of oat to drought stress and salt stress using data from the Web of Science core database and bibliometric methods with R (version4.3.1), VOSviewer (version 1.6.19), and Citespace (version6.3.1.0) software. The number of publications shows an increasing trend in drought stress and salt stress in oat over the past 30 years. In the field of drought-stress research, China, the United States, and Canada lead in terms of literature publication, with the most academic achievements being from China Agricultural University and Canadian Agricultural Food University. The journal with the highest number of published papers is Field Crops Research. Oat research primarily focuses on growth, yield, physiological and biochemical responses, and strategies for improving drought resistance. Screening of drought-tolerant genotypes and transformation of drought-tolerant genes may be key directions for future oat drought research. In the field of salt-stress research, contributions from China, the United States, and India stand out, with the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and Inner Mongolia Agricultural University producing the most significant research results. The largest number of published articles has been found in the Physiologia Plantarum journal. Current oat salt-stress research primarily covers growth, physiological and biochemical responses, and salt-tolerance mechanisms. It is expected that future oat salt research will focus more on physiological and biochemical responses, as well as gene-editing techniques. Despite achievements under single-stress conditions, combined drought and salt-stress effects on oat remain understudied, necessitating future research on their interaction at various biological levels. The purpose of this study is to provide potential theoretical directions for oat research on drought and salt stress.

Experimental evaluation of the protective properties of a humic preparation in relation to cultivated plants under salt stress

In connection with the widespread problem of soil salinity, the issue of increasing the salt tolerance of cultivated plants is becoming increasingly important. In this aspect, humic substances and preparations based on them are very promising. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of humic preparations on agricultural crops and lawn cereals under salt stress. Under laboratory conditions, the protective properties of the humic preparation «Ekorost» were evaluated in relation to the industrial crop Brassica rapa L. and to lawn grasses under the influence of salt stress induced by excessive concentrations of sodium chloride and anti-icing agent. It was revealed that the humic preparation «Ekorost» exhibits protective properties in relation to the indicated test cultures under conditions of artificially simulated salt stress, which is expressed in a noticeable stimulation of their germination and growth processes. In all the experiments, the most effective was a 0.1% aqueous solution of the drug «Ekorost», which allows us to recommend it in the indicated dosage to increase the salt tolerance of oil radish ( Brassica rapa L.) and lawn cereals.

Impact of soil compaction and irrigation practices on salt dynamics in the presence of a saline shallow groundwater: An experimental and modelling study

AbstractSoil salt accumulation is a widespread problem leading to diminished crop yield and threatening food security in many regions of the world. The soil salinization problem is particularly acute in areas that lack adequate soil water drainage and where a saline shallow water table (WT) is present. In this study, we present laboratory‐scale column experiments, extending over a period of more than 400 days that focus on the processes contributing to soil salinization. We specifically examine the combined impact of soil compaction, surface water application model and water quality on salt dynamics in the presence of a saline shallow WT. The soil columns (60 cm height and 16 cm diameter) were packed with an agricultural soil with bulk densities of 1.15 and 1.34 g/cm−3 for uncompacted and compacted layers, respectively, and automatically monitored for water content, salinity and pressure. Two surface water compositions are considered: fresh (deionized, DI) and saline water (~3.4 mS/cm). To assess the sensitivity of compaction on salt dynamics, the experiments were numerically modelled with the HYDRUS‐1D computer program. The results show that the saline WT led to rapid salinization of the soil column due to capillarity, with the salinity reaching levels much higher than that at the WT. However, compaction layer provided a barrier that limited the downwards moisture percolation and solute transport. Furthermore, the numerical simulations showed that the application of freshwater can temporarily reverse the accumulation of salts in agricultural soils. This irrigation strategy can help, in the short‐term, alleviate soil salinization problem. The soil hydraulic properties, WT depth, water quality, evaporation demand and the availability of freshwater all play a role in the practicability of such short‐term solutions. The presence of a saline shallow WT would, however, rapidly reverse these temporary measures, leading to the recurrence of topsoil salinization.

Metagenomic assembled genomes indicated the potential application of hypersaline microbiome for plant growth promotion and stress alleviation in salinized soils.

The strategic implementation of metagenomic assembled genomes (MAGs) in exploring the properties and harnessing microorganisms from ecosystems like hypersaline niches has transformative potential in agriculture. This approach promises to redefine our comprehension of microbial diversity and its ecosystem roles. Recovery and decoding of MAGs unlock genetic resources, enabling the development of new solutions for agricultural challenges. Enhanced understanding of these microbial communities can lead to more efficient nutrient cycling, pest control, and soil health maintenance. Consequently, traditional agricultural practices can be improved, resulting in increased yields, reduced environmental impacts, and heightened sustainability. MAGs offer a promising avenue for sustainable agriculture, bridging the gap between cutting-edge genomics and practical field applications.

The Role of Salt-Tolerant Crops in the Proper Use of Saline Soils

The use of saline soils for agricultural production is a major challenge. A study investigated the resistance to salinity, yield, and product quality of five crops (alfalfa, sunflower, white sorghum, sorghum, and millet) grown on weak, moderate, and strongly saline soils in Uzbekistan. The results showed that the crops were more resistant to salinity on weak and moderate soils than on strongly saline soils. The highest yields were obtained on weak soils, while the lowest yields were obtained on strongly saline soils. The product quality of the crops was also affected by salinity, with the best quality being obtained on weak soils. The study provides valuable insights into the use of saline soils for agricultural production. Saline stress has been the one of the biggest hurdles in achieving the demand and supply ratio of global population. To combat the growing problem of soil salinity, advanced soil management and irrigation technology are used. However, they are cost and energy intensive. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) attained from saline soils can overcome the detrimental effects of salt stress on plants. PGPR positively impact physiological functions of plants such as growth, yield and overcome disease resistance. T

Experiment and Simulation of Groundwater Salt Transport Based on Different Contact Relations in Heterogeneous Soil Layers

With the expansion of reserve cultivated land resources in coastal saline–alkali areas, the problem of soil salinization is becoming more and more prominent. In order to reveal the influence of different soil media and contact modes on soil water movement, a two-domain Hydrus-3D model was established to verify its performance in heterogeneous soil layers, and the characteristics of water, salt, and wet peak transport of surface soil and sandy soil under horizontal contact and inclined contact conditions were analyzed through experiments and simulations. The measured data show that in horizontal contact mode, probe 3 and probe 2 are close to the interface of the two layers of soil, and their maximum values are measured in about 60 min. The time difference between probe 1 and probe 2 is about 15 min. In the inclined contact mode, probe 4 in the topsoil reached 45% in 10 min and remained stable; the peak lag time of probes 3 and 2 was 10 min, and the peak lag time of probes 2 and 1 was 15 min; the water in the surface soil gradually increases and then stabilizes; and the water in the sand soil is similar to the normal curve. The salt characteristics in the surface soil are similar to the normal curve, while the salt characteristics in the sandy soil gradually increase and then stabilize. The simulation results show that the water content in the topsoil is more than 40%, and the maximum water content in the center of the sand is only 36.9%, which is roughly the same as the experimental results. The results showed that the Hydrus-3D model had a good simulation effect on the groundwater salt transport of heterogeneous soil under two contact methods. The RMSE value and E value are close to 0 and 1, respectively, indicating that the simulation has good feasibility and can be applied to the simulation of water and salt transport processes under different contact modes of soil media.

Моделирование как прогноз трансформации почв при техногенном засолении

The problem of soil salinization is relevant not only for agricultural areas but also for mining, where brines enter the surface as formation water or runoff from sludge storage facilities and salt dumps of mining enterprises. Currently, there is little elaboration of assessment and lack of normative support (MPC, APC) for assessment of technogenic salinisation of soils. The aim of this research is to develop a mathematical model for predicting the transformation of soils affected by technogenic salinization. The research focuses on soils in three types of landscapes, namely eluvial, transitional, and alluvial, located in the area of technogenic salinization. To develop the model, information-logical analysis and soil indicators were employed. These indicators were determined by standard methods. According to the information-logical analysis the sodium adsorption coefficient is the dominant factor of soils’ salinity; descending further: calcium ion content, sulfates content in the soil water extract and the calculated indicators (∆pH and pH) of the salt extract. The model showed that the highest amount of toxic salts is observed when pHKCl ranges from 5.3 to 7.4, sulfate content is above 500 mg/kg, calcium content is above 1000 mg/kg, SAR is above 10, and ∆pH is below 0.5. These indicator values correspond to alluvial soils found in small river valleys; these soils are highly prone to transformation. Using the obtained information-logical model and soil indicators, it is possible to make a forecast of soil transformation under technogenic salinization.

The salinity management of saline soil by ultrasonic characterization of Arginine with saline salt

The ultrasonic and thermodynamic study of liquids is important probe to understand intermolecular behavior of liquid system. Nowadays, soil salinity is serious issue in agriculture sector. Salinity affects the productivity and sustainability of agriculture. We have to think on soil salinity due to high population density, multidimensional climate and globalization. Production of food mainly green vegetables is vital. Amino acid improves mineral uptake and growth of plants. The main aspect of present study is to counteract the soil salinity problem. Arginine plays vital role in physiological processes of plants and effective under the stress condition. L-Arg is a precursor to polyamines. Raising arginine concentrations greatly improved bean development, enhanced fresh and dry mass growth, and raised growth parameters. L-Arg had a far greater impact on the crop. L-Arg had a very positive impact on plant. L-Arginine supplementation is advantageous for maize plant growth and development, particularly under the stressful condition. The effect of arginine on saline salt (NaCl) over the four different temperatures shows strong solute–solvent interaction between molecules. The molecular interaction is stronger at higher concentrations of saline salts. Therefore arginine is effective under the salt stress condition.

Assessing Leaching Requirement an Ameliorated Saline Soil in a Lysimeter Experiment

Soil salinity problems in the coastal hinterland region of East Java diminish agricultural development and land productivity. Soil leaching is expected to reduce soil salinity. This study investigated the effectiveness of different ameliorant compositions and leaching requirements (LR) in the leaching process. The experiment involved applying ameliorants (T) and leaching (L) treatments to lysimeters filled with saline soil. The ameliorant treatments included biochar, organic matter, and gypsum. The results showed the leaching requirement capacity to reduce electrical conductivity from 5.7 dS m-1 to below 2 dS m-1. Leaching for T0 (without ameliorants) and T1 (10 Mg ha-1 of biochar) required 943 mm of water, while T2 (20 Mg ha-1 of biochar) and T3 (40 Mg ha-1 of compost) required 1052 mm. The T4 (10 Mg ha-1 of compost and 2 Mg ha-1 of gypsum) necessitated 1154 mm of leaching water. The ameliorants’ application and assortment increased the water demand for leaching. The findings indicated a consistent relationship between TDS and salinity, indicating the soil’s dominant presence of salty ions.

Features of Soil Bacterial Communities of Varying Degree of Salinity on the Example of the Shaulder Irrigation Massif of the Turkestan Region of the Republic of Kazakhstan

A comparative assessment of bacterial communities of meadow-serozem soils of different degrees of salinity was carried out. Significant differences in the structure of microbiomes of arable horizons of weakly saline and highly saline meadow-serozem soil were revealed. A significant reduction in the diversity of the microbiome at the phylum level with an increase in the level of soil salinity was established (on the example of meadow-serozem soils of the Shaulder irrigation massif). The structure of bacterial communities of the meadow-serozem highly saline soil is represented by four bacterial phyla: (Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria), while 13 bacterial phyla were identified in weakly salinized soil (Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Verrucomicrobia, Acidobacteria, Chloroflexi, Firmicutes, Gemmatimonadetes, Planctomycetes, Saccharibacteria, Cyanobacteria, Chlorobi, Nitrospirae). According to the Shannon index, the species diversity of the microbiome of the meadow-serozem soils of the Shaulder irrigation massif is about 20% higher on weakly saline soils compared to highly saline ones. The Chao1 index and the number of taxonomic units (OTUs) also indicate a roughly halving of alpha diversity in the highly saline soil microbiome. The ecological significance of the problem of secondary soil salinization was confirmed. With an increase of salt content in soils, the species diversity of the bacterial community decreases, which can be considered as one of the indicators of soil degradation.

Soil acidification and salinity: the importance of biochar application to agricultural soils.

Soil acidity is a serious problem in agricultural lands as it directly affects the soil, crop production, and human health. Soil acidification in agricultural lands occurs due to the release of protons (H+) from the transforming reactions of various carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur-containing compounds. The use of biochar (BC) has emerged as an excellent tool to manage soil acidity owing to its alkaline nature and its appreciable ability to improve the soil's physical, chemical, and biological properties. The application of BC to acidic soils improves soil pH, soil organic matter (SOM), cation exchange capacity (CEC), nutrient uptake, microbial activity and diversity, and enzyme activities which mitigate the adverse impacts of acidity on plants. Further, BC application also reduce the concentration of H+ and Al3+ ions and other toxic metals which mitigate the soil acidity and supports plant growth. Similarly, soil salinity (SS) is also a serious concern across the globe and it has a direct impact on global production and food security. Due to its appreciable liming potential BC is also an important amendment to mitigate the adverse impacts of SS. The addition of BC to saline soils improves nutrient homeostasis, nutrient uptake, SOM, CEC, soil microbial activity, enzymatic activity, and water uptake and reduces the accumulation of toxic ions sodium (Na+ and chloride (Cl-). All these BC-mediated changes support plant growth by improving antioxidant activity, photosynthesis efficiency, stomata working, and decrease oxidative damage in plants. Thus, in the present review, we discussed the various mechanisms through which BC improves the soil properties and microbial and enzymatic activities to counter acidity and salinity problems. The present review will increase the existing knowledge about the role of BC to mitigate soil acidity and salinity problems. This will also provide new suggestions to readers on how this knowledge can be used to ameliorate acidic and saline soils.

A Study of the Effect of Some Natural and Human Factors on Date Palm Cultivation in the Hilla District, Iraq

The current study aimed to study some of the natural and human factors that affect date palm cultivation in the south of Babil Governorate, as the natural factors included the surface, climate, water and soil, and the human factors included labor force, capital, market, fertilization, transportation and marketing. The study includes several areas in the south of Babil Governorate, such as (Al-Hashimiyyah district, Al-Qasim district, Al-Tali’a district, as well as Al-Hamza Al-Gharbi district and Al-Shomali district) as all these areas contain palm trees. The rate of rainfall and wind speed in the study area were based on previously published information. It showed The results of the study indicate the impact of natural and life factors clearly on the decline in the productivity of palm trees through the problem of soil salinity. Also, human factors have the greatest impact on the decline in palm productivity through its role in providing water requirements for palm trees, the lack of number of workers in the agricultural sector and the neglect of farmers, and Thus, the productivity of palm trees is deteriorating in quantity and quality.

The problem of soil salinity in the countryside of Habbaniya district

The problem of soil salinity in the countryside of Habbaniya district

Spatiotemporal Variation in Saline Soil Properties in the Seasonal Frozen Area of Northeast China: A Case Study in Western Jilin Province

Due to the impact of climate change and human activities, the problem of soil salinization is increasingly prominent, posing a threat to the safety of the ecological environment and engineering construction. To understand the development tendency of soil salinization, this paper took the saline soil in Western Jilin province as the research object and carried out a long–term investigation into the basic properties of the soil at several monitoring stations. The results showed that the properties of saline soil in Western Jilin province changed regularly at the spatial and temporal scales. In the longitudinal profile, the water content, soluble salt content, and organic matter content in the soil vary greatly with the seasons at a depth range of 0–50 cm, while their changes below 50 cm are not significant. This is related to the influence depth of the external environment. Meanwhile, the content of sand is relatively stable in the depth direction, mostly between 5 and 15%, while the content of silt and clay fluctuates greatly, and there seems to be a mirror relationship between them. Along the N(W)–S(E) direction, the crystallization proportion of clay minerals gradually increases by about 28% because the relatively humid and hot climate is conducive to mineral crystallization. Over time, in the S(E) study area, the precipitation is relatively abundant, and the shallow soil is desalted due to leaching, resulting in high salt storage in the deep soil. However, in the N(W) study area, salt migrates upwards with water under the dominant effects of evaporation and freeze-thaw, leading to the accumulation of salt in shallow soil and a decrease in salt storage in deep soil. In addition, the saline soil in the study area has strong alkalinity, and the pH increases from 8.2 to 9.8 in the N(W)–S(E) direction. Overall, the soil salinization situation in Western Jilin is not optimistic.

Delineation and optimization of cotton farmland management zone based on time series of soil-crop properties at landscape scale in south Xinjiang, China

Traditional farmland management approaches treat farmland as a homogeneous unit, leading to uneven distribution and waste of resources, which is contrary to precision agriculture. Management zones (MZ) delineation is an essential method of site-specific management (SSM) for accomplishing variable rate input of resources in subregions by recognizing the heterogeneity of farmland soils. Aimed at the soil salinization problem in Xinjiang, this study estimates the salt content of soil profiles and essential nutrient content using time series Sentinel-2 images and machine learning methods, and describes crop growth conditions through dynamic time warping. Subsequently, geographically weighted principal component analysis and possibilistic fuzzy C-means algorithm were employed to outline MZ based on soil-crop characteristics. Three scales (10 m, 100 m, and field scales divided by ridges) were examined to obtain the optimal scale of delineation. Soil-crop properties were estimated at a spatial resolution of 10 m using machine learning methods with R2 > 0.65. In the zoning process, the field scale was selected with accuracy and practicality in agricultural practices, with comparatively higher homogeneity within zones and variation between zones. The soils in the study area were categorized into three zones at field scale with a fuzzy performance index of 0.68, a normalized classification entropy of 0.71, and fuzzy class of 0.30. Soil function is primarily restricted by salinity and fertility. Fertilizer recommendation strategies were given for the three zones. This study uses time-series remote sensing images to obtain a high-precision estimation of soil-crop characteristics at 10 m, and optimize the scale of farmland management zoning, which provides a valuable technology and scale selection for SSM for cotton management zone delineation in saline farmland in arid and semi-arid regions.

Remote Sensing Monitoring of Soil Salinity in Weigan River–Kuqa River Delta Oasis Based on Two-Dimensional Feature Space

Soil salinization is a serious resource and ecological problem globally. The Weigan River–Kuqa River Delta Oasis is a key region in the arid and semi-arid regions of China with prominent soil salinization. The saline soils in the oasis are widely distributed over a large area, causing great harm to agricultural development and the environment. Remote sensing monitoring can provide a reference method for the management of regional salinization. We extracted the spectral indices and performed a correlation analysis using soil measurement data and Sentinel-2 remote sensing data. Then, two-dimensional feature space inversion models for soil salinity were constructed based on the preferred spectral indices, namely, the canopy response salinity index (CRSI), composite spectral response index (COSRI), normalized difference water index (NDWI), and green atmospherically resistant vegetation index (GARI). The soil salinity in a typical saline zone in the Weigan River–Kuqa River Delta Oasis was monitored and analyzed. We found that the inversion of the CRSI-COSRI model was optimal (R2 of 0.669), followed by the CRSI-NDWI (0.656) and CRSI-GARI (0.604) models. Therefore, a model based on the CRSI-COSRI feature space can effectively extract the soil salinization information for the study area. This is of great significance to understanding the salinization situation in the Weigan River–Kuqa River Delta Oasis, enriching salinization remote sensing monitoring methods, and solving the soil salinization problem in China.

Current Status and Development Trend of Soil Salinity Monitoring Research in China

Soil salinization is a resource and ecological problem that currently exists on a large scale in all countries of the world. This problem is seriously restricting the development of agricultural production, the sustainable use of land resources, and the stability of the ecological environment. Salinized soils in China are characterized by extensive land area, complex saline species, and prominent salinization problems. Therefore, strengthening the management and utilization of salinized soils, monitoring and identifying accurate salinization information, and mastering the degree of regional salinization are important goals that researchers have been trying to explore and overcome. Based on a large amount of soil salinization research, this paper reviews the developmental history of saline soil management research in China, discusses the research progress of soil salinization monitoring, and summarizes the main modeling methods for remote sensing monitoring of saline soils. Additionally, this paper also proposes and analyzes the limitations of China’s soil salinity monitoring research and its future development trend, taking into account the real needs and frontier hotspots of the country in related research. This is of great practical significance to comprehensively grasp the current situation of salinization research, further clarify and sort out research ideas of salinization monitoring, enrich the remote sensing monitoring methods of saline soils, and solve practical problems of soil salinization in China.

Emerging Issues and Problems of Soil Salinity and Water Logging

Soil salinity negatively affects plant growth and induces soil degradation. Saline soils indicate lower agricultural productivity and their impact on the livelihood security of farmers and the socio-economic status of the Indira Gandhi Canal region, Rajasthan. In the context of irrigation development, problems of rising groundwater levels and the development of salinity have arisen in the Indira Gandhi Nahar Priyojana (IGNP) area. The irrigation has recently decreased to about 1 meter, much higher than the specified value of 0.51 m in phase I. In phase I, severe inundation was observed. found in a variety of locations. It is anticipated that by the end of this century, roughly 49.6 percent of the region being studied will be at risk of experiencing flooding. The waterlogging, soil salinity, and alkalinity that plague India's agricultural landscape pose a challenge to the viability of irrigated farming. It has been determined that the most effective technique for halting the reduction in agricultural output is to use enhanced irrigation management in conjunction with a combination of surface and subsurface drainage. The method of reclaiming waterlogged lands by bio drainage is one that is efficient and economical. For the objectives of rehabilitation, species such as Salvador, Tamarix, Eucalyptus, and Prosopis Juliflora are among those that are recommended for planting in afflicted regions. The bio-drainage system helped in reducing the waterlogged areas and soil salinity by lowering the water table in the study area. Traditional knowledge and modern agricultural management good practices should be adopted for efficient and optimal use of water resources. This can be achieved by maintaining irrigation through the minimum pumping hours according to the minimum water requirements of the crop, as well as choosing more cost-effective planting methods. This research paper recommends policies to improve traditional and scientific knowledge into policies and improve mutual understanding, cooperation, and collaboration for better policy results for sustainable development and mitigate the emerging Issues and problems of soil Salinity and water logging in the area of Indira Gandhi Canal, Rajasthan.