Security Problems Research Articles

Artificial Intelligence in the Politics of the EU and China

The article analyzed different concepts of the regulation of the artificial intelligence in the context of the competition between EU and China. In just the last few years artificial intelligence has evolved from academic research and futuristic discussions into the most dynamically developing practice. The speed and scale of implementation of this technology, and even more so, the prospects, are confusing an increasing number of people ‒ from politicians and businessmen to ordinary citizens and the developers of these AI systems themselves. As a result of a comparative interdisciplinary study of the approaches of the European Union and China to the topic of artificial intelligence, common and distinctive features that are determined by value differences have been identified. The main difference, according to the Europeans themselves, is ethics based on the European understanding of human rights. Modern China, challenging global primacy, is promoting its concept in this area. The examples of problems of ethics, competition, and security show the differences in the regulation of AI implementation processes, as well as the uncertainty that increasingly determines the actions of European politicians. This may contribute to an ideologically determined loss in competition in the field of artificial intelligence. It is possible that, despite solemn statements, Europe will have to use elements of the Chinese pragmatic approach to the problem.

A data sharing scheme based on blockchain for privacy protection certification of Internet of Vehicles

With the vigorous development of Internet of Vehicles (IoV) technology, modern cars equipped with advanced on-board systems are continuously generating massive amounts of data. Utilizing this data can improve driving safety and achieve better service quality in smart transportation systems. Therefore, ensuring the efficiency and security of data sharing is an important issue. Integrating IoV and blockchain technology can provide solutions to the data sharing security problems. This paper researches on IoV data sharing based on blockchain technology. In view of the problem that Internet of Vehicles data is susceptible to denial of service attacks, central failures and privacy leaks, we propose a data sharing scheme based on blockchain for privacy protection certification of Internet of Vehicles. Firstly, a decentralized privacy protection authentication framework is proposed is based on blockchain. Authenticated communication is performed between vehicle nodes and roadside units (as trusted authorities) by using authentication and access authentication schemes. Secondly, the trusted cluster head selected through the weight indicator is responsible for forwarding the information to the Trust Authority (TA), which then forwards the data to cloud storage and records the certificate and hash value on the distributed blockchain, along with other related information. In addition, the solution also uses a practical Byzantine fault-tolerant consensus algorithm to ensure the security and reliability of the blockchain, as well as the efficiency and decentralization of cloud storage. Finally, the TA revokes the certificate of the malicious vehicle node and clears it from the blockchain. Security analysis experiments show that our solution can effectively resist various threats such as counterfeiting, replay attacks, forgery and data tampering, thereby ensuring the security of Internet of Vehicles data sharing. Compared to the proposed solution, our performance has improved by 50.12%, 41.62%, 6.01%, and 29.11%, respectively.

Cloud-Cyber Physical Systems: Enhanced Metaheuristics with Hierarchical Deep Learning-based Cyberattack Detection

Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) integrate several interconnected physical processes, networking units, and computing resources, along with monitoring the processes of the computing system. The connection between the cyber and physical world creates threatening security problems, particularly with the growing complexities of transmission networks. Despite efforts to overcome this challenge, it remains challenging to analyze and detect cyber-physical attacks in CPS. This study mainly focuses on the development of Enhanced Metaheuristics with Hierarchical Deep Learning-based Attack Detection (EMHDL-AD) method in a cloud-based CPS environment. The proposed EMHDL-AD method identifies various types of attacks to protect CPS. In the initial stage, data preprocessing is implemented to convert the input dataset into a useful format. Then, the Quantum Harris Hawks Optimization (QHHO) algorithm is used for feature selection. An Improved Salp Swarm Algorithm (ISSA) is used to optimize the hyperparameters of the HDL technique to recognize several attacks. The performance of the EMHDL-AD algorithm was examined using two benchmark intrusion datasets, and the experimental results indicated improvements over other existing approaches.

Study on the Development and Regulation of Internet Finance

With the rapid development of the network financial industry, the continuous promotion of innovation has greatly contributed to the rapid development of society and economy. With the rapid development of network finance, China's financial regulations and regulatory system is not perfect enough, resulting in financial security and stability problems. The soundness of the legal and regulatory system of network finance will help promote the healthy development of network finance.

Антропогенне глобальне потепління. Енергетична, екологічна та кліматична безпека

The article is devoted to the analysis of the evolution of the concept of security in the context of modern global warming. The features of three stages of this evolution from energy security to environmental one and further to climate security are considered. It is noted that these stages of evolution correspond to a certain "source base", namely, energy security - to the resources of "primary" bioenergy, environmental security - to fossil fuels, fissile materials and limited renewable energy sources (RES), and climate security - predominantly RES. The presence of a close connection between changes in the "source base" and technological structures - pre-industrial, industrial and modern information - is indicated. Data from the analysis of priorities and practices of energy, environmental and climate security are provided. The features of energy security are considered and ecological imbalance in the biosphere at this stage is indicated, caused by the depletion of energy resources and the growth of anthropogenic load on the environment, which began to exceed its adaptive capabilities. Environmental security is analyzed in the context of modern global warming. The emergence at this stage of the idea of ​​energy transition associated with the replacement of fossil energy resources with renewable energy sources is noted. The features of climate security, the content of which has replaced the agenda of environmental security, are considered. It is noted that the problems of climate security should primarily include issues of adaptation and mitigation of the climate, and secondly - geoengineering climate management. Certain attention is also paid to such an important feature of climate security as its anthropocentrism, which is associated with the anthropogenic nature of modern global warming and the need to solve climate management problems primarily from the standpoint of usefulness for human systems. Keywords: global warming, evolution of the concept of security, ecology, climate, energy supply.

Development of Food Products Export from the Regions of the Far Eastern Federal District as Part of the Implementation of the Principles of Food Security

The article presents the rationale for solving certain issues of developing food exports from the Far Eastern Federal District regions in the context of ensuring food security in Russia. Based on the analysis of current scientifi c, methodological and analytical literature, as well as statistical and regulatory information, the paper examines the concepts of agricultural exports and food security in relation to the development of agriculture and rural areas in the Far East. The article outlines the need to change the entire range of indicators of self-sufficiency in agricultural products to solve food security problems in Russia at the systemic level. It is noted that import ahead and self-sufficiency of the Far Eastern Federal District regions in basic food products are of significant importance. The paper also substantiates the proposal to take into account as an indicator of the population’s need for food products, based on the standard diet based on the necessary human consumption of proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins and drinking water based on the principles of regular, suffi cient and balanced nutrition. The paper analyzes measures to support the agro-industrial complex and agricultural exports in terms of developing preferential regimes in the Far Eastern Federal District, in particular, creating international territories of advanced development (TOR). The article presents a number of recommendations for the transformation of the food security system in relation to the development of export sectors of the agroindustrial complex and food industry in the Far Eastern Federal District. In particular, the ideological principles of the existence and development of international priority development areas in the Far Eastern Federal District are substantiated, based on the priority of supporting enterprises of the agro-industrial complex and food industry that use technologies for deep processing of raw materials and production of high-processed food products for export to friendly countries of the world.

Human Security as a Factor of Sustainable Security in Post-War Armenia

This article examines the problem of human security as a factor in sustainable security in post-war Armenia. In post-war Armenia, the scope of global responsibility of small states is expanding, and sustainable security and sustainable development are becoming the basis of the discourse on the problems of the future of the South Caucasus and the object of political aspirations to strengthen peace on the part of the UN, the EU, the NATO, the Council of Europe, the OSCE and Western countries. The article comparatively analyzes approaches to the study of human security and sustainable security in post-war Armenia, the position on the relationship between development and security in its modern broad interpretation, characteristic of contemporary political science discussions. Authors pay main attention to the analysis of the role of sustainable security in the evolution of the idea of ​​sustainable development of small states of the South Caucasus to the modern approach of the link between security, resilience and development. Authors identified and substantiated the characteristic features of human security and sustainable security in post-war Armenia, which hinder the improvement of the quality of life and the formation of human capital.

Migration Securitisation and National Security in the Regional Security Complex of Nigeria–Niger Borders

Previous studies have argued that the more-than-a-year border closure has failed to curb criminal activities across Nigeria–Niger Republic borders. This stems from the intractability of criminal activities across the borders of Nigeria and the Republic of Niger. As a result, the Nigerian government securities entry and exit of foreigners from the Republic of Niger to justify its land border closure policy of 2019. The government of Nigeria claimed that border closure would address myriads of security challenges emanating from its borders with the Republic of Niger. In contention, the study raised pertinent questions such as: Is securitisation the only framework to control migration? What role could the regional security complex theory play to diagnose, comprehend and proffer solutions to cross-border security problems between Nigeria and Niger? Is migration the real security problem that the Nigerian state needs to combat? How sustainable is border security through the securitisation of migration? With the aid of a secondary source of data, the study argues that dreadful human security implications of banditry, kidnapping and pastoral conflicts across the borders are the product of amity and enmity conditions of security interdependence between Nigeria and the Niger Republic as postulated by the regional security complex theory.

ТЕКСТОВІ ЗАДАЧІ ЯК ЗАСІБ ФОРМУВАННЯ У ЗДОБУВАЧІВ ПОЧАТКОВОЇ ОСВІТИ ЗНАНЬ ПРО БЕЗПЕЧНУ ПОВЕДІНКУ НА УРОКАХ МАТЕМАТИКИ

The article substantiates the relevance of the problem of preserving educational institutions as safe spaces for learning and education. A number of regulatory and legal acts of Ukraine were announced, detailing the content, forms and methods of organizational and educational work in the relevant direction. It was established that the formation of knowledge about safe behavior among students must be carried out directly and indirectly ‒ by means of special educational disciplines and interdisciplinary integration. A number of studies of Ukrainian scientists were noted, in which the problem of forming the basics of safe behavior among students of education is raised. The scientific work of Ukrainian and Polish scientists regarding the integration of «security topics» into the content of mathematics lessons is briefly characterized. The conceptual dimension of the security problem has been clarified: the definitions of the terms «security», «human security», «safety of the educational environment», «safe educational environment» available in the scientific space have been clarified. It is noted that among the directions of the organization of a safe educational environment, the pedagogical one occupies an important place ‒ it concerns the formation of students’ knowledge, abilities and skills regarding safe behavior. The concept of «safe behavior» has been specified. The content of one of the Standard educational programs for primary school was analyzed for the purpose of the reflection of issues of safe behavior in its content: «expected learning outcomes» from certain educational fields have been updated, which reflect the focus of the content of primary education on the formation of students’ safe behavior skills; relevant thematic profiles are defined. On the basis of the analysis of the studied sources, the potential possibilities of textual problems as a means of forming knowledge about safe behavior among students of education have been revealed. Variants of textual problems that can be used in mathematics lessons in order to implement the specified pedagogical process are represented (among them are simple tasks for finding the sum and remainder and for increasing and decreasing a number by several units; simple difference comparison problems; simple tasks for finding the product and quotient; composed tasks for finding the sum and the difference;composed tasks for finding the sum and the difference, which contain the relation «more than», «more than», «less than», «less than»;composed tasks for finding the third term; complex problems, which include finding a part of a number and a number by its part; etc.).

Research on Security Situation Assessment and Prediction Model of Network System in Deep Learning Environment

With the development of the Internet, the network environment is increasingly complex, and the problem of network security is increasingly serious. Traditional passive network security technology has been unable to meet people’s current security needs, in this context, network security situation awareness arises at the historic moment. NSSA technology makes the traditional passive security into active security, from the analysis of unilateral elements to the analysis of the overall security. As key technology of situation perception, security situation assessment and prediction can evaluate and predict the network security situation at the overall level, help network security managers understand the overall network security changes and take protective measures in advance when predicting the dangerous state, which has important research significance. This paper mainly studies the situation assessment and prediction technology of network security, and puts forward the improved model and algorithm, which improves accuracy of situation assessment and prediction results. Prediction accuracy reaches 97.86%, and the efficiency of the situation assessment reaches 98.22%.

Specifics of Ensuring Russia’s Economic Security under Sanctions Pressure

The intensity of discussion of issues of ensuring economic security at the country level increases with the increasing impact of negative factors from both the external and internal environment. The formulation of challenges to the economic security of the Russian Federation becomes the starting point for determining measures to counter the identified threats and risks to economic security. At the same time, it is necessary to consider that the measures being implemented cannot be considered in isolation from the current processes of socio-economic development and following a certain course of the national economy. In this regard, the purpose of the study is to identify specific features of the ensuring economic security of Russia process in the context of sanctions pressure. To achieve this goal, the methods of comparative, retrospective, institutional and regulatory analysis, as well as tools of the system approach and special methods of studying economic security (indicative, threshold, etc.) were used. As a result of the study, it was established that the efforts taken to counter threats and challenges to the country’s economic security should be built into the economic development model, which requires the development of a mechanism for overcoming the emerging negative trends, as well as closer intercountry integration. That is, it is recommended to involve the potential of friendly countries that are part of various integration groups, of which Russia is a member, in solving the problems of economic security of Russia. As a main conclusion, it should be noted that the importance of a comprehensive solution to the problems of achieving sustainable economic dynamics is exacerbated in the context of the modern period of development of the Russian Federation, when it is under active sanctions pressure from unfriendly countries of the “collective West”. Accordingly, it is necessary to strengthen state regulation in the area under consideration.

The problem of military security in the modern RussianNorwegian relations

The problem of military security in the modern RussianNorwegian relations

The New Ambitions of Turkey for a Multivector Policy in a Pluralist World

The paper attempts to find an answer to the question of how a successful multivector policy by Turkey would be possible in today’s world of escalating global conflicts. This seems to have been bequeathed by Atatürk, and one could say that RT Erdogan’s mission is to achieve it and pass it on to his successors. This policy helped at the beginning of the Turkish Revolution to defeat foreign troops and establish a secular democratic republic. In the last two decades, it has become possible again in the conditions of the world’s development from a unipolar to a multipolar world. Thanks to this, Turkey can solve its most important national security problems, such as curbing Kurdish intentions for independence and conducting a nationally responsible policy with all its neighbors and especially with the major geopolitical powers. One can say that Turkey’s influence on decisions and actions in the field of security in several regions is testimony to the trend of its transformation from a regional to a great power. Successes in this regard are based on the consistent and uncompromising policy in defense of one’s own national interests, the successful finding of allies in the direction of the “geopolitical wind” and the understanding of the mutual complementarity of various political and economic processes. This analysis has been carried out through the methodology of the theory of regional security complexes.

Facets of security and safety problems and paradigms for smart aerial mobility and intelligent logistics

AbstractThe use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) for smart and speedy logistics is still relatively nascent compared to traditional delivery methods. However, it is witnessing sporadic and steady growth due to booming demands, technological advancement, and regulatory support. The intelligence and integrity of UAV systems depend largely on the underlying cognitive and cybersecurity models, which serve as both eyes and brains to perceive and respond to the myriad of scenarios around them. Smart mobility and intelligent logistic ecosystems (SMiLE) are complex and advanced technological networks which are exposed to several issues. The incorporation of UAVs for priority logistics, thereby extending the coverage and capacity of SMiLE, further heightens these vulnerabilities and questions its security, safety, and sustainability. This review scrutinizes the significant security disruptions, smartness dynamics, and sundry developments for the sustainable deployment of UAVs as an aerial logistics‐based vehicle. Using the PRISMA‐SPIDER methodology, 157 articles were selected for quantitative analysis and 20 review articles for qualitative evaluation. Security and safety issues in UAVs cut across all the layers of logistics operations: components, communication, network architecture, navigation, supply chain etc. Expanding the capacity of SMiLE using UAV demands an intentional and incremental convergence‐based integration of an agile explainable artificial framework for reliable and safety‐conscious smart mobility, a scalable and tamperproof blockchain for multi‐factor authentication, and a zero trust cybersecurity paradigm for inclusive enterprise‐based authorization.

Model Checking Strategic Abilities in Information-sharing Systems

We introduce a subclass of concurrent game structures (CGS) with imperfect information in which agents are endowed with private data-sharing capabilities. Importantly, our CGSs are such that it is still decidable to model-check these CGSs against a relevant fragment of ATL. These systems can be thought as a generalisation of architectures allowing information forks, that is, cases where strategic abilities lead to certain agents outside a coalition privately sharing information with selected agents inside that coalition. Moreover, in our case, in the initial states of the system, we allow information forks from agents outside a given set \(A\) to agents inside this group \(A\) . For this reason, together with the fact that the communication in our models underpins a specialised form of broadcast, we call our formalism \(A\) -cast systems . To underline, the fragment of ATL for which we show the model-checking problem to be decidable over \(A\) -cast is a large and significant one; it expresses coalitions over agents in any subset of the set \(A\) . Indeed, as we show, our systems and this ATL fragments can encode security problems that are notoriously hard to express faithfully: terrorist-fraud attacks in identity schemes.

Prospects for the Production of Niche Grain Crops in the Context of the Need to Ensure Food Security

One of the tools of strategic development of the agricultural sector, which plays a key role in ensuring food security, is diversification, which can be niche production, particularly the cultivation of niche grain crops. The concept of "niche crops" is briefly revealed in the context of the aggravation of the world's food security problem. Their economic importance and potential are detailed and disclosed using the example of oats and millet due to their inherent advantages in the economic, ecological, agrotechnical, and social plane, multifunctionality, and the possibility of producing various products with high benefits. Using the example of the main commodity producers, the dynamics of the production of niche grain crops in Ukraine in 2020-2022 were studied. Using the index method and the method of regional rating assessments, the competitiveness of oats and millet in agricultural enterprises was determined separately for each type and region of Ukraine.

Research on cloud dynamic public key information security based on elliptic curve and primitive Pythagoras

In order to solve the problems of key redundancy, transmission and storage security and the difficulty of realizing the one-time-secret mode in image encryption algorithm, this paper proposes a cloud dynamic public key information security scheme based on elliptic curve and primitive Pythagoras. The 6-D Lorentz hyperchaos system is used as the key generator, and the generated key is stored in the cloud key management center, which supports automatic update and dynamic change to further ensure the security of the key. The encryption key is selected by elliptic curve and primitive Pythagorean triplet. In the scrambling algorithm, according to the parity of random number and the parity of image pixel value coordinates, elliptic curve is used to reset the plaintext image. In the diffusion algorithm, the three-side rotation characteristic of the Rubik’s cube is simulated, the binary sequence of pixel values is stored at eight vertices of the cube, the cube is rotated according to the key value, and the changed 8 new binary numbers are XOR operated with the random sequence to obtain the new pixel value. The algorithm in this paper is applied to network transmission, which can effectively prevent data eavesdropping, tampering and forgery, ensure communication security.

Handling security and terrorism issues in developing the tourism sector through ecotourism policies on small islands in Makassar City, Indonesia

One of Indonesia’s main characteristics of tourism development is maritime tourism, which is synonymous with archipelagic countries. The diversity of maritime tourism offered by Indonesia will never end, so it needs to be considered more carefully and used relevantly to create sustainable tourism in Indonesia that provides broad benefits for the country. Many maritime tourism locations in Indonesia are beautiful but require more active promotion. The level of security and terrorism issues are a requirement that the government must consider. The novelty of this research describes the potential ecotourism development in the town of Makassar that stakeholders should consider in the formation of tourism policy. The research locations are in Makassar City, Samalona Island, Langkai Island, and Lanjukang Island. Ecotourism developed in the coastal areas of Makassar City, especially in Samalona, Lanjukang, and Langkai Islands, produces superior objects that collaborate elements of nature and society as the main attraction in the long term. Therefore, local governments need to strengthen monitoring of regional geopolitical developments in order to avoid security and terrorism problems that might cause inconvenience to tourists.

Lightweight privacy-preserving authenticated key agreements using physically unclonable functions for internet of drones

The Internet of Drones (IoD) means the cooperative collection and transmission of data by multiple drones in a cluster or decentralized way of working to decrease the energy consumption of mobile devices, increase overall performance, and reduce the cost of building infrastructure. It is widely applied in various fields, including environmental scouting and monitoring, emergency assistance and logistics transportation, etc. Recently, many related authentication schemes were proposed for IoD. Due to the limitation that the drones use lightweight components for development, these authentication schemes mostly use lightweight components for development. However, many authentication schemes cannot overcome security issues such as providing user privacy protection and resisting drone capture attacks. This study discusses these security issues of related schemes, and develops an authentication scheme for IoD by using Physically Unclonable Functions (PUF). Due to its own microscopic characteristics, the PUF can generate unpredictable and duplicate information, which can be regarded as a device fingerprint and is suitable for device authentication. Additionally, this study utilizes the commutative and invertible properties of BS-PUF to develop the key exchange of the proposed scheme and to protect user privacy. This proposed scheme overcomes the previous problems in security, has more security features, and maintains lightweight computational costs.

Implantable Medical Device Security

Implantable medical devices, or IMDs for short, are medical instruments that are placed into the human body through surgery. IMDs are typically used for treating chronic diseases. Currently available IMDs are capable of communicating using wireless channels with other devices, either in close proximity or even connected to the Internet, making IMDs part of the Internet of Medical Things. This capability opens the possibility of developing a wide range of services, like remote patient data control, localization in case of emergency, or telemedicine, which can improve patients’ lifestyle. On the other hand, given the limited resources of such tiny devices, and the access to the Internet, there are numerous security issues to be considered when designing and deploying IMDs and their support infrastructures. In this paper, we highlight security problems related to Internet-connected IMDs, and survey some solutions that have been presented in the literature.