National Security Problems Research Articles

The New Ambitions of Turkey for a Multivector Policy in a Pluralist World

The paper attempts to find an answer to the question of how a successful multivector policy by Turkey would be possible in today’s world of escalating global conflicts. This seems to have been bequeathed by Atatürk, and one could say that RT Erdogan’s mission is to achieve it and pass it on to his successors. This policy helped at the beginning of the Turkish Revolution to defeat foreign troops and establish a secular democratic republic. In the last two decades, it has become possible again in the conditions of the world’s development from a unipolar to a multipolar world. Thanks to this, Turkey can solve its most important national security problems, such as curbing Kurdish intentions for independence and conducting a nationally responsible policy with all its neighbors and especially with the major geopolitical powers. One can say that Turkey’s influence on decisions and actions in the field of security in several regions is testimony to the trend of its transformation from a regional to a great power. Successes in this regard are based on the consistent and uncompromising policy in defense of one’s own national interests, the successful finding of allies in the direction of the “geopolitical wind” and the understanding of the mutual complementarity of various political and economic processes. This analysis has been carried out through the methodology of the theory of regional security complexes.

Immigration Causes: Threats And Implication for Europe

EU immigration has therefore caused the formation of a complex and controversial social and political process as a result of interrelated factors that are economic, political and social. Immigration in the European environment is discussed in this thesis through the identification of causes, impacts and challenges. For these reason, comers have arrived in Europe through several reasons like conflicts, poverty, and search for other better opportunities that have impacted societies in Europe, especially in the change of demography which can be seen as opportunities by some and challenges by others. Therefore, the goals of the present study are confined to the social, political, and economic consequences of Immigration in Europe. This paper considers the problem, challenges faced to services, social integration problems, and national security problems on the other side, it also considers the positive face of the immigrants in terms of diversification of culture, as being the economic boosters, and the solution of demography issues. As it turns out analyzing once again the discourses of populism and nationalism that came to the fore with the focus on immigration, the thesis measures the trends thrown up by the above discourses and their impact on shaping the desirable and non-discriminatory immigration policies at both European and national levels. In its economic part, it compares the supplanting of skills, the possibility of immigrants as innovators, and the role of an immigrant in pension schemes on the one hand, and immigrants competing for a job and taking the social welfare of society, on the other. To strengthen the criticism of grassroots utilization, the research emphasizes the need for integrating a hitherto juxtaposition of immigration, namely causes and domestic consequences. In this regard, this paper highlights the need to pursue conscious policies on integration and harmonization for purposes of fostering the development of social solidarity and proper management of implied diversity and inclusion.

Енергетична безпека України: екологічні та військові загрози

This paper discusses the role of energy security in national security. It is posited that the latter should be positioned much more broadly than economic security, because currently in the Russian- Ukrainian war, the aggressor state has chosen the energy infrastructure as the purpose of conducting an armed struggle, which violates the norms of international humanitarian law regarding harm to the civilian population. With the beginning of the full-scale invasion of the aggressor country into Ukraine, the problem of national security for Ukraine acquires special importance, as it concerns the well-being and real provision of the right to life of millions of citizens of our country. Energy security is a key factor in the vital activity of the state, because any obstacles in the functioning of the energy complex have an extremely painful effect on the entire economy and social sphere. The authors indicate that global energy problems include uneven distribution of geological reserves of the main types of fuel resources, especially scarce natural gas, increased financial instability of the economy in recent decades, increased interstate hostilities, and climate disasters. It is stated that the transition from an analog to a digital approach in the legal regulation of the state’s energy systemcontinues, digital technologies will make energy systems more connected, intelligent, efficient, reliable and sustainable in the coming decades. Having generally positively assessed the legal means of solving the problem of energy security, the article notes that the digitalization of the energy system in the EU opens up new opportunities for ensuring a stable and competitive market, but it also carries significant threats. First, reliance on digital technologies can increase vulnerability to cyber threats, putting the security of energy 0systems at risk. Secondly, the risk of a digital divide between EU member states may lead to uneven development and access to new technologies. Finally, the growth of data volume raises the issue of privacy and protection of personal information, which requires a clear regulatory framework.

Problems of national security in the modern Russian-language historiography of Kyrgyzstan

Problems of national security in the modern Russian-language historiography of Kyrgyzstan

Climate migrations as a subject of the American national security policy

This article draws attention to the growing importance of climate migration as a subject of national security. The United States of America (USA) was cited as a global leader upon which the international community places its hopes in combating climate change. With this in mind, an analysis was conducted on the institutional and normative actions of the American administration during the presidency of Joe Biden, which were a direct response to the effects of the climate crisis. These actions show the increased involvement of the USA administration in trying to define climate migration as a serious national security problem. In the article, we argue that with the change in the presidency in 2021, there was an increased commitment to climate migrants accompanied by a growing awareness of climate change. In the analysis of the cognitive problem, research methods characteristic of the following sciences were used: political (decision-making method), legal (dogmatic method), and historical sciences. The article is descriptive and explanatory.

Национальная безопасность и права человека

The article deals with the problem of national security in the context of ensuring human rights. The relevance of the topic of the article is due to the fact that issues of ensuring national security and protecting the rights of citizens currently arise quite often. Particular attention is paid to the amendments made to the Constitution of the Russian Federation aimed at strengthening guarantees of human and civil rights and freedoms. It is concluded that in order to ensure national security, it is necessary to introduce certain restrictions on the rights and freedoms of citizens by fixing in part 3 of Article 55 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation the general legal mechanism of such restriction. The legislator should introduce the implementation of specific restrictions on rights and freedoms, taking into account their exceptional nature, on a scientific basis.

Development of a solution search method using artificial intelligence

The object of the study is decision support systems. The problem of increasing decision-making efficiency in conditions of uncertainty and a set of different parameters was solved using a bio-inspired algorithm. The subject of the study is the decision-making process in management problems using the heron flock algorithm, the improved genetic algorithm and evolving artificial neural networks. A solution search method using the improved heron flock algorithm is proposed. The study is based on the heron flock algorithm to find a solution regarding the object state. Evolving artificial neural networks are used to train the heron flock algorithm, and an advanced genetic algorithm is used to select the best individuals of the heron flock. The method has the following sequence of actions: – input of initial data; – setting agents on the search plane; – numbering heron agents in the flock; – setting the initial velocity of heron agents; – waiting strategy for heron agents; – aggressive strategy; – checking the discriminatory condition; – selection of the best individuals from the heron flock; – ranking and sorting the obtained solutions; – training heron knowledge bases; – determining the amount of necessary computing resources of the intelligent decision support system. The originality of the proposed method consists in setting heron agents taking into account the uncertainty of the initial data, the noise degree of data about the analysis object state. The method makes it possible to reduce the time for decision-making at the level of 22–26 % due to the use of additional improved procedures. The proposed method should be used to solve the problems of evaluating complex and dynamic processes in the interest of solving national security problems

Aggressive tax planning as a threat to national security

The article examines the strategies of aggressive tax planning as a threat to state security. Aggressive tax planning practices are becoming more common. This poses multifaceted challenges to fiscal policy, economic stability, and national security. By conducting a comprehensive analysis of applied strategies, economic impacts, and potential policy measures, this study aims to provide information on the complex mechanism of tax evasion. The article discusses various strategies that companies use in aggressive tax planning. These strategies cover offshore tax havens, transfer pricing manipulation, royalty movement, "fine capitalization" and tax deferral, each of which uses legal nuances to minimize tax liabilities. The study examines the economic consequences of aggressive tax planning, focusing on significant revenue losses for governments around the world. Eroding tax revenues through aggressive tax planning reduces states ' ability to finance basic public services, contributing to budget deficits and economic instability. In addition, it creates material inequality, contributes to social unrest, and jeopardizes the nation's ability to solve national security problems. By analyzing these economic implications, this study highlights the urgency of considering aggressive tax planning as a fiscal and national security issue.

About the III Eurasian Analytical Forum “Ethnocultural Factors of Eurasian Integration (EAF-2023)”

In late October– early November, 2023, the III International Eurasian Analytical Forum (EAF-2023) was held in Moscow, where ethnocultural factors of Eurasian integration were discussed. The forum considered a whole range of topical issues related to Eurasian integration in various fields including common problems of national and economic security of the Eurasian countries, socio-political and demographic development, and values in intercultural communication, education and scientific and technological interaction, ensuring the integration of society.

Development of a solution search method using a combined bio-inspired algorithm

The object of the study is decision support systems. The subject of the study is the decision-making process in management problems using a combined bio-inspired algorithm, consisting of: – the improved wolf optimization algorithm and the improved sparrow search algorithm – for solving optimization problems regarding the object state; – an advanced genetic algorithm – for selecting the best agents in flocks; – an advanced training method – for deep training of agents to improve the optimization characteristics of agents. A solution search method using an improved bio-inspired algorithm is proposed. The method has the following sequence of actions: – input of initial data; – initialization of the search for a flock of sparrows and its parameters; – ranking and selection of sparrow agents using an advanced genetic algorithm; – updating the sparrow location for the discoverer; – checking the conditions for updating the position of sparrows; – initialization of additional search parameters; − running the gray wolf optimization algorithm; – training agents’ knowledge bases; – determining the amount of necessary computing resources of the intelligent decision support system. The originality of the proposed method lies in the combined use of bio-inspired algorithms, setting agents taking into account the uncertainty of the initial data, advanced global and local search procedures. The method makes it possible to increase the efficiency of data processing at the level of 19 % using additional improved procedures. The proposed method should be used to solve the problems of evaluating complex and dynamic processes in the interest of solving national security problems

Problems of national and international food security

The scientific article presents the results of a study of current problems that impede the provision of national and international food security in modern conditions of economic and political instability. Threat factors that form key problems of national and international food security are considered. The influence of global food market problems on ensuring national food security in Russia is analyzed.

ЦЕННОСТИ: РЕСУРС ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЯ НАЦИОНАЛЬНОЙ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ

The problem of national security is analyzed on the methodological basis of the value approach. It is stated that values are the guarantor of security, and any changes in the axiological sphere pose a significant threat to the sustainability and stability of the socio-cultural system. It is argued that modern info-hybrid influences are aimed at loosening and leveling the value foundations of society, in connection with which ways are proposed to preserve the axiological foundation of society.

ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ ПРИРОДНО-РЕСУРСНОГО ПОТЕНЦИАЛА И МЕЖРЕГИОНАЛЬНАЯ АСИММЕТРИЯ УСТОЙЧИВОГО РАЗВИТИЯ СУБЪЕКТОВ СТЕПНОЙ ЗОНЫ РОССИИ

Natural climatic conditions and natural resource potential are the key factors that determine the development sustainability ofthe steppe zone regions of Russia. The use of natural resource potential is a determinant in the interregional asymmetry of the socio-economic development of steppe regions. In today’s context, regional imbalances are becoming a national security problem, going beyond exclusively socialand economic issues and forming complex risks, challenges, and threats.The purpose of the study is to assess the impact of natural resource potential on the formation of interregional asymmetry of sustainabledevelopment of Russia’s steppe regions. The authors have compiled a database of indicators characterizing the state of natural resource potential(NRP) for 18 regions of the steppe zone. A rating assessment of the steppe zone regions by groups of indicators reflecting the use of NRP wascarried out based on the authors' methodology. The authors constructed a cartographic diagram of the results of rating assessment of the regions bygroups of NRP indicators and cluster analysis of the ratings of indicators characterizing NRP and the sustainable development goals (SDG). Therelationship between ratings of the NRP use and SDG indicators based on the calculated Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients was estimated.There is a negative trend in the dynamics of indicators of the forest resources state in the regions of the Russian steppe zone, and also areduction in the area of agricultural land (by 4% in the regions, on average).The study revealed that the ratings of the use of natural resource potential are interrelated: for the ‘water resources’ group of indicators, adirect connection was revealed with the ratings of the ‘mineral resources’ and ‘land resources’ groups of indicators. The ratings of six blocks ofsustainable development goals have a close direct connection with the rating of the use of mineral resources; more than half of the ratings of theblocks of sustainable development goals are connected with the rating of the use of water resources.

Достойная жизнь личности: императивы формирования и основания параметрической модели

The article examines the phenomenon of a decent life, which acts, at the same time, as a target functionality for the development of the individual, and also as an «incubator» for the expanded reproduction of the creative and intellectual form of human capital, which is a critical factor in the creation of large-scale, continuous and radical innovations. The methodological outline of the work is based on an interdisciplinary approach to identifying the qualitative integrity of an individual’s life with the «dignity» of a progressive creator, as well as on the use of the heuristic potential of paired categories of dialectics in the course of considering decompositional forms of human capital corresponding to a decent creative and working life of the individual. The method of unity of qualitative and quantitative analysis was also used in the development of a parametric model of a decent life for an individual. The scientific novelty of the research results lies in the development of an original parametric model with the corresponding integral index of a decent life (DLI). The following seem new: the interpretation of the essence of a decent life as a spiritual and moral form of the level and quality of life; immanent in the life of an individual with «dignity», the phenomenon of the creative and intellectual form of human capital with the corresponding parameters and indicators; conclusion about the need to ensure complementary unity of two types of growth of synergetic complexity: endogenous (personal) and exogenous (socio-economic); the imperative of the «renaissance» of the individualistic concept, based on new liberalism and methodological socio-individualism. The scientific and practical significance of the results obtained lies in the possibility of concretizing the state’s socio-economic policy in the sphere of increasing the level and quality of creative and working life of the owners of human capital, as well as updating the metric system of human «measurement» to solve the problems of technological sovereignty and national security of the country.

Development of a solution search method using the improved emperor penguin algorithm

The objects of the study are decision support systems. The subject of the study is the decision-making process in management problems using the Emperor Penguin Algorithm (EPA), an advanced genetic algorithm and evolving artificial neural networks. A solution search method using the improved EPA is proposed. The study is based on the EPA algorithm for finding a solution regarding the object state. Evolving artificial neural networks are used to train EPA, and an advanced genetic algorithm is used to select the best EPA. The method has the following sequence of actions: – input of initial data; – setting agents on the search plane; – numbering EPA in the flock; – setting the initial velocity of the EPA and thermal radiation of each EPA; – calculation of the position of each EPA on the total search area and its cost; – approach (attraction) of the EPA to another EPA; – changing in the trajectory of EPA movement; – selection of the best individuals from the EPA flock; – ranking the obtained solutions and sorting them; – training EPA knowledge bases; – determining the amount of necessary computing resources for an intelligent decision support system. The originality of the proposed method lies in setting EPA taking into account the uncertainty of the initial data, improved global and local search procedures taking into account the noise degree of data on the state of the analysis object. The method makes it possible to increase the efficiency of data processing at the level of 13–17 % due to the use of additional improved procedures. The proposed method should be used to solve the problems of evaluating complex and dynamic processes in the interests of solving national security problems

Development of a solution search method using an advanced flying squirrel algorithm

The object of the study is decision support systems. The subject of the study is the decision-making process in management problems using the flying squirrel algorithm (FSA), an advanced genetic algorithm and evolving artificial neural networks. A solution search method using an advanced FSA is proposed. The study is based on the FSA algorithm for finding a solution regarding the state of an object. Evolving artificial neural networks are used to train FSA, and an advanced genetic algorithm is used to select the best FSA. The method has the following sequence of actions. Input of initial data and setting agents on the search plane take place. After that, numbering FSA in the flock and setting the initial fitness function are carried out. Then, the quality of food in the FSA search area is determined, and the classification of trees (food sources) for FSA is carried out. The next step is the creation of new locations by FSA gliding, formation of the FSA action algorithm in the presence of a predator. After that, the FSA seasonal monitoring conditions are checked, the stop criterion is checked, and new FSA positions are generated taking into account the degree of data noise. The originality of the proposed method lies in setting FSA taking into account the uncertainty of the initial data, advanced global and local search procedures taking into account the noise degree of data on the state of the analysis object. The method makes it possible to increase the efficiency of data processing at the level of 21–25 % due to the use of additional advanced procedures. The proposed method should be used to solve the problems of evaluating complex and dynamic processes in the interests of solving national security problems

Revoking the decision to accept Ukrainian citizenship as a sanction of constitutional and legal responsibility

The article emphasizes that constitutional and legal responsibility is aimed at legal protection of the Constitution of Ukraine and is closely related to the problems of preventing constitutional offenses. Attention is drawn to the fact that issues of citizenship are closely related to the problems of national security and crime prevention. There are not few cases when citizens of Ukraine also have the citizenship of another country, or even of several countries in addition to the citizenship of Ukraine. The composition of the constitutional offense is considered, it is emphasized that the issue of assessing the objective side of the constitutional offense is decided by the entity empowered to apply the constitutional and legal sanction - to cancel the decision on admission to the citizenship of Ukraine. The reasons for the loss of Ukrainian citizenship and the termination of Ukrainian citizenship as a result of its loss due to the active actions of an adult, aimed at acquiring the citizenship of another state/states, are analyzed. There are signs by which the termination of citizenship differs from the deprivation of Ukrainian citizenship. The powers of the central executive body, which implements the state policy in the sphere of citizenship, regarding the preparation of applications for the loss of Ukrainian citizenship by persons are characterized; Commission under the President of Ukraine on Citizenship; of the President of Ukraine (issuing acts on acceptance of Ukrainian citizenship and termination of Ukrainian citizenship). Attention is drawn to the practice of the European Court of Human Rights, requirements for legislation on Ukrainian citizenship: they should be accessible, clear, and predictable. Defects have been identified in the current Procedure for Proceedings on Applications and Submissions on Ukrainian Citizenship and the Implementation of Decisions, which was approved by the Decree of the President of Ukraine No. 215 of 03/27/2001: an exhaustive list of sources from which the authorities of the State Migration Service can obtain information on the grounds has not been determined loss of citizenship of Ukraine by a person; an exhaustive list of documents, their form, content, subject of publication, which confirm that a person will not become stateless as a result of the loss of Ukrainian citizenship, has not been defined. Proposals for improving the above procedure and the practice of its application have been developed.

EU migration policy: policy of humanism vs threat to national security

Uncontrolled migration sweeping Europe is a priority of the political leadership led by a number of European states such as France, Italy, as well as their allies in the United States. The climate crisis in Europe also plays an important role here, which can be resolved, according to Germany, with the help of future “new citizens” who arrived from countries in Africa and the Middle East, exclusively with a Muslim population. What are the migration and immigrant policies in EU countries? How is the immigration policy of European countries being transformed? A detailed analysis of the current state of affairs in Europe is based on official data from the national statistical services of Germany, France, Great Britain, the Ministry of European Integration of the Republic of Serbia, the Department of Civil Liberty and Immigration of the Italian Republic, as well as international organizations - the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), the International Organization for Migration (IOM), Eurostat, World Bank. The article examines the security problem in connection with the penetration of radical Islam along with refugees. The authors reveal the consequences of the migration crisis in Europe and make an attempt to answer the question: is the reception and integration of refugees an act of humanity or a problem of national security for EU countries.

Climate migrations as a subject of the American national security policy

This article draws attention to the growing importance of climate migration as a subject of national security. The United States of America (USA) was cited as a global leader upon which the international community places its hopes in combating climate change. With this in mind, an analysis was conducted on the institutional and normative actions of the American administration during the presidency of Joe Biden, which were a direct response to the effects of the climate crisis. These actions show the increased involvement of the USA administration in trying to define climate migration as a serious national security problem. In the article, we argue that with the change in the presidency in 2021, there was an increased commitment to climate migrants accompanied by a growing awareness of climate change. In the analysis of the cognitive problem, research methods characteristic of the following sciences were used: political (decision-making method), legal (dogmatic method), and historical sciences. The article is descriptive and explanatory.

The Fourth Estate in Ghana’s Fourth Republic: From “Culture of Silence” to Fake News and Post-Truth Politics

ABSTRACT Ghana’s democratisation process under the Fourth Republican Constitution in 1992 restored a raft of civil liberties and democratic institutions truncated by the erstwhile Provisional National Defence Council’s (PNDC's) authoritarian military regime. One of these institutions is the mass media which has been assigned the role of the Fourth Estate, with its rights, independence and freedom stipulated and strongly protected by Chapter 12 of the 1992 constitution. This new-found freedom of the media and information not only led to the springing up of a multitude of private print and electronic media outlets but also stimulated the general transformation of the public sphere with the emergence of the digital media, particularly the social media platforms. Using existing data for thematic analysis and through the lenses of postmodernism, I examine the various cases of post-truth news (also called post-truth politics in this study), their implications and the methods used in combating them. The study finds that the prevalence of post-truth news leads to rising political tension and national security problems. Measures including arrests, detentions, harassment of perceived offenders and independent fact-checking have so far proven ineffective because of the perceived selective applications of the law and paucity of technical and technological capability.