Family Violence Problems Research Articles

СОЦІАЛЬНО-ПСИХОЛОГІЧНІ ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ДІТЕЙ, ПОСТРАЖДАЛИХ ВІД СІМЕЙНОГО НАСИЛЬСТВА

Purpose. The article reveals the problem of family violence in psychology and the study of socio-psychological characteristics of children affected by family violence. Methods. In order to achieve the goal, the following methods were used in the study: Lazarus coping test, personality orientation method" V. Smekala, M. Kuchera; personal questionnaire FPI (modified form B), method of diagnosis of indicators and forms of aggression by A. Bass and A. Darka; methods of mathematical statistics, in particular (determination of average values, percentage and correlation analysis, Fisher's φ-angle transformation). Results. According to the results of the interviewed teenagers using the selected methods, it was established that teenagers who have experienced family violence or witnessed it: are task- and self-oriented, in difficult life circumstances they are more likely to demonstrate coping behavior: distancing, seeking social support, and escape-avoidance; they are characterized by a high level of: neuroticism, depression, irritability, shyness, openness and emotional lability, verbal aggression, suspiciousness, offensiveness, indirect and physical aggressiveness. On the other hand, adolescents who were not subjected to illegal actions by their parents/guardians and generally did not experience any violent actions (bullying) in social groups were found to be: focused on themselves and on building interpersonal relationships; in difficult situations, they resort to confrontational coping, social support and positive reassessment of the situation; on the one hand, they are more balanced, on the other hand, they demonstrate irritability, emotional lability, negativism, irritation, suspicion, and verbal aggression. Also, a certain level of spontaneous aggressiveness, sociability, reactive aggressiveness, ambiversion and androgynous gender identity was determined in both groups of teenagers. Conclusions. Socio-psychological features of children affected by family violence are characterized by a certain connection among the interviewed teenagers. Namely, in adolescents who have experienced violence, a connection was determined: distancing with depression, escape-avoidance with neuroticism and reactive aggressiveness; self-directedness with coping seeking social support and negative association with shyness. In adolescents who did not experience violence in the family, connections were established: coping, problem solving planning with a focus on interaction, positive reevaluation with sociability; a negative relationship between the search for social support and neuroticism and depression.

The latency of domestic violence

The article analyzes the problem of latency of domestic violence. Violence in the family is one of the most acute problems of our time, which has deep root and latent character, has no age, social and state boundaries. The concepts of «latency» and «domestic violence» are considered and analyzed, and the scientific views of researchers regarding these concepts are presented. The types and features of violence that can manifest in the family, namely physical, mental, sexual and economic, are revealed.The reasons that contribute to the silence of domestic violence have been identified and revealed. These reasons include internal and external factors. In their work, the authors also analyze the statistics of domestic violence in recent years. The legal basis of the researched issue is analyzed. It was determined that domestic violence is sanctioned in accordance with the Criminal Code of Ukraine. Directions for the prevention of the latency of domestic crime are proposed. The article concludes that the problem of family violence does not lose its relevance and is recognized as one of the most acute social problemsof Ukrainian society.It is indicated that a successful theoretical and practical solution to such important criminological problems as identifying the causes and conditions of crime, as well as effective counteraction to it, is possible if there is an objective consideration of allcrimes committed in society. Domestic violence is recognized as one of the most acute social problems of Ukrainian society, and therefore does not lose its relevance today and Latent crime in the field of domestic violencе is a set of criminal acts that took place in a certain family, but were not recorded by law enforcement agencies and were not reflected in official statistical data. To date, the increase in the number of complaints about domestic violence is not a worsening of the situation in the region or inUkraine, but is primarily a decrease in its latency, due to a change in people’s attitude to this problem and its greater disclosure.

СИСТЕМА ПРОФИЛАКТИКИ СЕМЕЙНОГО НАСИЛИЯ ГЛАЗАМИ ЭКСПЕРТОВ: АНАЛИЗ АВТОРСКОГО СОЦИОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ

Цель настоящего исследования – изучение существующей системы профилактики и реагирования на проблему семейного насилия на региональном уровне. 
 Методология исследования. Авторы статьи исходили из тезиса о том, что методы качественных исследований, такие как фокус-группы и глубинные интервью, могут быть очень полезны при формировании полной картины понимания феномена семейного насилия, а также для планирования дальнейших программ профилактики распространения насилия во всех формах.
 Результаты исследования. На основе проведенного экспертного опроса специалистов, профессиональная деятельность которых связана с проблемой семейного насилия, авторами дана оценка эффективности мер профилактики семейного насилия в субъектах Российской Федерации. Гайд интервью включал несколько блоков, состоящих из оценки текущего состояния проблемы домашнего насилия на региональном уровне; роста насилия во время ограничительных мер, связанных с пандемией COVID-19; оценки общего состояния системы профилактики семейного насилия и в России, и в регионе, в котором работает эксперт, с точки зрения эффективности, а также важные для исследования кейсы.

Perinatal e-screening and clinical decision support: the Maternity Case-finding Help Assessment Tool (MatCHAT).

INTRODUCTION Screening tools assist primary care clinicians to identify mental health, addiction and family violence problems. Electronic tools have many advantages, but there are none yet available in the perinatal context. AIM To assess the acceptability and feasibility of the Maternity Case-finding Help Assessment Tool (MatCHAT), a tool designed to provide e-screening and clinical decision support for depression, anxiety, cigarette smoking, use of alcohol or illicit substances, and family violence among pre- and post-partum women under the care of midwives. METHODS A co-design approach and an extensive consultation process was used to tailor a pre-existing electronic case-finding help assessment tool (eCHAT) to a maternity context. Quantitative MatCHAT data and qualitative data from interviews with midwives were analysed following implementation. RESULTS Five midwives participated in the study. They reported that MatCHAT was useful and acceptable and among the 20 mothers screened, eight reported substance use, one depression and five anxiety. Interviews highlighted extensive contextual barriers of importance to the implementation of maternity-specific screening. DISCUSSION MatCHAT has potential to optimise e-screening and decision support in maternity settings, but in this study, use was impeded by multiple contextual barriers. The information from this study is relevant to policymakers and future researchers when considering how to improve early identification of common mental health, substance use and family violence problems.

Gender, context and constraint: Framing family violence in Victoria

Domestic and family violence is a controversial policy issue, especially regarding the role of gender in the causes and solutions. This is further complicated in jurisdictions employing a ‘family violence’ approach, where the problem is defined as violence between any family members. The 2015–16 Royal Commission into Family Violence had a powerful effect on family violence policy in Victoria, Australia. It was thus an important site for contestation over family violence framing, which I explore using an interpretive problem framing approach, situating relevant texts along a continuum of problem frames according to their gendered content. I investigate how, in offering solutions to the broadly framed problem of family violence, the Commission and contributors to it were potentially influenced or constrained by national and international framings of domestic and family violence as a subset of violence against women. I also consider the risks and benefits of ‘family violence’ problem framing.

Promoting Clarity and Transparency in Family Violence Research: Editorial Comments on the Journal’s Revised Author Guidelines

The intractable problem of family violence can best be addressed through evidence-based practices and policies, and the Journal of Family Violence (JOFV) seeks to be a platform for scholarship that advances the family violence field toward evidence-based solutions. Nonetheless, JOFV cannot be such a platform without clear, transparent, and rigorous publication policies and standards. Accordingly, this editorial offers potential authors guidance concerning the types of articles that JOFV publishes (i.e., full-length articles, systematic reviews and meta-analyses, brief reports, and letters to the editor) as well as information about the journal’s editorial and peer review processes. This guidance is offered to help ensure that authors are well informed about the journal’s policies, practices, and processes even before they submit their manuscripts for publication consideration.

What can psychiatrists do to better support victims of family violence?

This article aims to draw psychiatrists' attention to the problem of family violence and offer pragmatic guidance to detect and manage family violence in the psychiatric context. Selective narrative review. Family violence involves complex interactions between societal, cultural, family and individual factors. Awareness and understanding of family violence is important for psychiatrists as engagement can result in enhanced opportunities for early intervention and harm reduction. There are barriers facing psychiatrists regarding successful family violence intervention outcomes. Concerted action is required to improve services and support to victims and perpetrators.

A Whole of Government Strategy for Family Violence Reform

The Family Violence Reform strategy in Victoria is one of a number of contemporary government initiatives that have been framed within a whole of government model of policy reform. This article shows how the principles and processes of the whole of government approach were applied to the social problem of family violence. We examine the reasoning behind the adoption of this approach, what it was intended to achieve, the processes and activities that took place and stakeholders’ views about the outcomes and impact of this approach. The choice of a whole of government strategy reflected the need to address philosophical and organisational cultural differences about family violence and responses to it. Key elements were: the demonstrated commitment to reform and leadership provided by ministers, agency heads and senior managers; the involvement of community sector representatives; and the role of the Department of Planning and Community Development (DPCD).

How much health promotion and disease prevention is enough?: should chiropractic colleges focus on efficacy training in screening for family violence?

Although family violence has been identified as a major public health issue, it has received little attention in the chiropractic literature. Accordingly, this article provides a conceptual overview on family violence, discusses the role of chiropractors in its detection, and raises several issues germane to chiropractic education that deserve further attention in future chiropractic publications. A selective review of the empirical literature on family violence was conducted with a focus on issues relevant to chiropractic training and professional identity. Extrapolating from the research, several models for medical training and continuing education have been proposed that emphasize a multidisciplinary, developmental approach to infusing knowledge, skill building, and mentored practice experiences into professional education experiences. As chiropractors become more mainstream portal-of-entry providers, there is a clear need to translate the didactics of family violence into the clinical setting. Clinical education may provide students the opportunity to master basic competencies for managing challenging family violence problems. The clinical environment may be appropriate for inculcating skills commensurate with those of other primary care providers. Yet, the extent to which training priorities and approaches extrapolated from other health care disciplines should be accepted wholesale by the chiropractic profession merits further discussion, including issues around the professional identity of chiropractic, the impact of accreditation standards and practice guidelines on actual professional practice behaviors, and the possible limits and unintended consequences associated with expanding the traditional chiropractic scope of practice from a specialty to a primary care profession.

CHILD PROTECTION EVALUATIONS The Forensic Stepchild

In child protection cases, the mental health evaluator is required to have a broad range of expertise in family violence and child and adult psychological issues. This article reviews epidemiological as well as other quantitative data to provide an empirical foundation by which to understand the problem of family violence, the characteristics of abusers and victims, and the consequences to the child who is a witness to or victim of family violence. Forensic evaluation guidelines and recommendations for structuring child protection evaluations are addressed.

Finding Our Way

In the fall of 1992, a community needs assessment on the problem of family violence was completed in the Aboriginal community of Conne River, Newfoundland, Canada. This article reports both the process and findings of the study which was guided by two important principles. First, community participation was a critical component of all aspects of the assessment and, second, the assessment was based on multiple sources of data. The data were collected from face-to-face interviews with key informants (community experts) and consumers/potential consumers of services, focus groups with youth and women, and informal contact and discussion with interested members of the community, some of them professionals. The findings indicate that the people of Conne River are knowledgeable about the types of family violence that occur in the community and the various sources of support and help. There was also a high level of interest in the topic and a genuine concern that some positive action would result from this assessment. The assessment identified the need for more supports for women with families in crisis, not just crisis intervention during incidents of violence but a more holistic network of supports. These supports need to be community-based, operating within existing agencies. The study identified the need for a community-based committee to undertake the planning of emergency services for women and families in crisis and long-term planning for a support network and/or community centre for women.

FAMILY VIOLENCE AND MENTAL HEALTH

Family violence is recognized as one of the major public health concerns facing society. The chronic and traumatic nature of family violence often leads to mental health consequences. Clinicians are in advantageous positions to address the problems of family violence. It is important for clinicians to develop an understanding of the dynamics of family violence by allowing appropriate inquiry about victimization and assuring patient safety, providing appropriate referrals, and reporting incidences of family violence.

Family Violence and the Community Pharmacist: Learning about the problem of family violence is the first step toward helping its victims.

Family Violence and the Community Pharmacist: Learning about the problem of family violence is the first step toward helping its victims.

Canada's family violence initiative: partnerships

Under Canada's four-year, $136 million Family Violence Initiative, the federal government is calling upon all Canadians to work in partnerships towards the elimination of family violence - child abuse, violence against women, and elder (senior) abuse. Family violence is a complex problem and requires the efforts of all Canadians to resolve it. One of the key themes of the Initiative - a multidisciplinary approach to the problem of family violence - is reflected in the selection and development of projects. Activities funded by the seven federal departments and agencies involved in the Initiative emphasize partnerships with the professional, voluntary, corporate, non-government and government sectors.

Physical and Sexual Violence in the Lives of Homeless Women

The majority of the women in this study had been physically or sexually assaulted; overwhelmingly, this happened in their own homes, at the hands of a close relative, usually a father or step-father, and prior to becoming homeless. Even for the minority of women who were assaulted after becoming homeless, the assailant usually was not a stranger and the location not a public place. Although repeated incidents of assault were the rule rather than the exception, very few of the women who had been assaulted by their father or step-father while living at home, were later assaulted by a husband, common-law partner, or boyfriend. These findings support other research which discredit the myth that abused women set themselves up for further abuse. The findings also seem to indicate that dealing with the problem of family violence should be part of any policy dealing with women's homelessness.

Increasing the rate of identification of battered women in an emergency department: use of a nursing protocol.

In recognition of the increasing problem of family violence, the authors developed and tested an interview protocol focused on female victims of family violence. The purpose of the protocol was to increase nurses' identification of battered women receiving care in the emergency department. Using a time-series design, data were collected from patient records during four months prior to introduction of the protocol. These data were compared to comparable post-protocol data. There was a significant increase in nursing staff identification of female domestic violence victims following introduction of the protocol.