Problem Of Deforestation Research Articles

Pelaksanaan Program REDD+ di Kalimantan Timur

The efforts made by Indonesia in overcoming the problem of deforestation and forest degradation is the REDD+ Program. REDD+ is implemented to reduce the rate of deforestation and reduce emissions and sustainable economic growth. The implementation of REDD+ in East Kalimantan has its own strengths and weaknesses. This study aims to determine the implementation of the REDD+ Program in East Kalimantan. This research uses a library research method with a qualitative approach. In answering questions about the problems of REDD+ implementation in East Kalimantan, this research uses SWOT analysis theory. The results show that the strengths of the REDD+ program are the strong commitment of the East Kalimantan local government, and the initiation of various programs. The weaknesses of the REDD+ program are the lack of long-term funding and conflicts over land ownership. The opportunity of REDD+ program is the increasing economic growth of local communities in East Kalimantan. The threat of REDD+ program is the supervision of law enforcement that has not been fair for all communities in East Kalimantan.

Assessment of Climate Change Mitigation Potential for Heating System in Kosovo

Objective: In this study is we have provided a prediction model for the improvement of heating system in Kosovo, following the implementation of an energy efficiency program, the consumption of energy commodities in heating system will decrease and the problem of deforestation will be mitigated. Theoretical Framework: We suppose a degree of reduction variable due to the renewable energy sources use, new technology options and energy efficiency toward GHG and air pollution reduction and policy initiative for District Heating in Kosovo. Method: For modelling impacts of the technology and policy options for reducing GHG and air pollution due to improvement of heating system in Kosovo, the model STELLA software has been used. Projection for emission factors and total annual emission for Air Pollutants and GHG (CO2) are calculated with US EPA methodology Results and Discussion: The resulting reductions of Air pollutants and greenhouse gas emissions by reducing the loss of heat and water and increasing the energy efficiency will have a direct and positive impact on the environment and climate change. Research Implications: Implementing the emission reduction policies EE, Renewable energy and introducing new technologies in heating system in Kosovo for the total emission of CO2, we will have reduction for about 20% (3.36 Mt CO2) in 2025 in comparison with (4.41 Mt CO2) in year 2015; also, we will have a significant reduction for other GHG. Originality/Value: This study contributes to the literature by impruvemment of heating system in Kosovo.

Deep Learning Based Deforestation Prediction and Classification

Human-induced deforestation has a major impact on forest ecosystems and therefore its detection and analysis methods should be improved. Where, this type of detection or classification helps us to degrade the deforestations in future. In this project we are mainly focusing on the problem of deforestation, performing the classification of deforestation and the healthy forests with the help of deep learning model. CNN is the algorithm that which are been using here for the classification process. We are preparing a dataset which is trained using the algorithm and classification will be performed in testing.

Today's issues in the development of "Castle Site Park" considered from the deforestation problem of Akashi Park

Today's issues in the development of "Castle Site Park" considered from the deforestation problem of Akashi Park

Design and development of a novel and cost effective modified Compound parabolic trough collector

In the context of achieving Net Zero targets, the adoption of compound parabolic concentrator (CPC) technology can play a vital role. The purpose of this work is to modify the design of a conventional CPC in such a way that for the same concentration ratio, and for same aperture area, the modified CPC (MCPC) will require significantly less material for its support structure, receiver and reflector: and hence will have reduced cost. The MCPC, we designed, has a concentration ratio of 4 and an acceptance angle 10° and requires position modification only once a month when oriented with its long axis along the East-West direction. We report experiments on an experimental prototype: the solar-to-thermal efficiency of which was 35.7% and cost of which was below $60/m2. This MCPC enables inexpensive and convenient generation of heat applications including driving low temperature industrial process heating, generation of hot water, hot air for drying, space-heating and even cooking. This can directly contribute to meeting Net Zero goals and furthermore address the problem of deforestation due to use of wood for domestic cooking. Also, since the MCPC can be manufactured using technologies available even in semi-urban regions of the Sun-belt, use of the MCPC can also boost local manufacturing economies providing dignified employment opportunities in currently underserved parts of the world.

Brazil's Diplomacy Strategy in Responding to International Pressure on The Problem of Deforestation

This research analyzes Brazil's diplomatic strategy for overcoming the problem of deforestation in the Amazon rainforest. The Amazon region is an essential part of the environment, which is a centre of biodiversity and contributes to the environment through carbon absorption. The deforestation problem that occurs in the Amazon region has a significant impact not only on Brazil but also globally. This is what underlies various international criticisms of Brazil, so it needs to be responded to diplomatically. By using qualitative methods and the concept of environmental diplomacy, this research finds that Brazil operates in four main strategies that represent the dynamics of environmental diplomacy practice. The strategy includes a commitment to achieving zero deforestation, holding meetings with Latin American countries to discuss the Amazon crisis, using the summit forum to negotiate with the United States in cooperation to overcome deforestation, and responding to trade demands from European countries that discriminate against Brazilian trade products. This response shows that basically Brazil is committed to realizing environmental preservation. However, there is a contradiction caused by Brazil's condition, which still needs to develop its economy amidst the current crisis. Therefore, the practice of environmental diplomacy is taken to become a momentum in raising awareness of the environment with the policies implemented by Brazil.

Deforestation of Brazilian Amazonia: Temporal Analysis and Mitigation Proposals

Objective: The aim of this research is to analyze deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon region since 1988, identifying patterns and determining factors. Additionally, it seeks to propose solutions to reduce the advancement of deforestation in the region. Theoretical reference: The theoretical framework of this research is based on concepts and theories related to deforestation, including previous studies on the impacts and causes of deforestation in the Legal Amazon. Methodology: The method used in this research is time series analysis, utilizing reliable data from satellite images and official reports. The analysis includes evaluating trends over time, identifying determining factors through regression analyses, and assessing ecological, social, and economic impacts. Results and Conclusion: The results reveal significant changes in deforestation rates over the analyzed period. They also identify key driving factors such as agricultural expansion, infrastructure development, and land-use dynamics. The impacts of deforestation, including biodiversity loss and the displacement of indigenous communities, are highlighted. Research Implications: The implications of this research are extensive and cover public policies, conservation practices, and sustainable development. It emphasizes the need for immediate actions to curb deforestation, protecting biodiversity, ecosystem services, and the rights of indigenous communities. Originality/Value: The originality of this research lies in the combination of time series analysis with the proposal of comprehensive solutions to the problem of deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon. According to this study, time series analysis revealed that the main implications for deforestation in the Legal Amazon are associated with mining and soybean cultivation.

Effect of Some Selected Fossil Fuels on the Nutrients Composition and Consumer Acceptability on Smoked-Dried Redbelly Tilapia (Coptodon zillii)

Fuel wood is among the most expensive items in fish processing, knowledge on smoking efficiency of various agricultural wastes particularly sugarcane bagasse could be substitute for wood for fish smoking thereby reducing the cost, the problem of deforestation and eventually control of environmental pollution. The study was aimed to assess the effects on nutritional composition and cost-benefit analysis of using ebony wood and sugarcane bagasse as fuel sources for smoke drying of fish. The result of this study showed that the highest (65.15±0.20) crude protein was recorded in Coptodon zillii smoked with ebony wood and the least (16.08±0.13) in fresh C. zillii. Similarly, for ash, crude fat and nitrogen free extracts were observed, and the better moisture reduction (4.28±0.03) was recorded in C. zillii smoked with bagasse and least (3.38±0.08) from C. zillii smoked with ebony wood. The differences in the proximate composition of the smoked C. zillii using ebony wood and sugarcane bagasse were significant (p<0.05). The organoleptic assessment of the smoked C. zillii using ebony wood and sugarcane bagasse were significantly different (p<0.05). The cost (₦150) for smoking with sugarcane was less with an equal quality with the cost (₦250) for smoking with ebony wood which is not environmental friendly.

Principles of Human Rights (HAM) in Indonesian Sustainable Palm Oil (ISPO)

Palm oil is Indonesia's leading commodity that is able to compete in the international market. However, there are often accusations that Indonesian palm oil is unsustainable due to problems of deforestation, corruption and human rights violations against land grabbing of indigenous and local communities. So that they lose their homes and find it difficult to meet their needs because they depend on the forest. In response to this, the government has updated the ISPO regulations through Presidential Regulation Number 44 of 2020 concerning the Indonesian Sustainable Palm Oil plantation certification system. The formulation of the problem from this research is whether ISPO is in accordance with human rights principles and what is the future conception so that ISPO is more in line with human rights principles. This research is included in normative legal research using a legal and conceptual approach. Based on the research results, it is known that ISPO has complied with several human rights principles, such as universal principles and non-discrimination. ISPO principles and criteria should be adjusted to the capacity of independent smallholders, so that there is equality in efforts to increase oil palm production.

Impact of population growth and housing development on the riverine environment: Identifying environmental threat and solution in the Wanggu River, Indonesia

Economic growth in the nickel mining sector in Southeast Sulawesi Province, Indonesia, has accelerated development and population in Kendari City. The impact of increased immigration, transmigration, and urbanization increases the problem of deforestation to support the construction of people's homes in urban areas will result in damage to the ecosystem of the Wanggu River, Kendari City. This research uses geomorphology, demography, and ecology approaches to identify natural conditions with aerial photographs and satellite images (Google earth) simulated using ArcGis version 10.8. Then, it simulates the potential impact of flooding and pollution of the river environment due to the construction of people's houses around the riverside buffer. The study's findings reveal a discernible correlation between population growth and the heightened risk of ecological degradation within the river environment. The expansion of residential housing exerts significant stress on the river environment, resulting in the degradation of riparian areas and an increase in the river's pollution load. This deterioration in geomorphological, demographic, and ecological conditions within the river system has a direct and adverse impact on the overall health of the river ecosystem. Moreover, the results of the dynamics system simulation unequivocally indicate that river pollution is a persistent concern, with detrimental consequences extending to the mangrove area situated at the mouth of the Wanggu River, notably affecting pollution in Kendari Bay. The improvement of the built river area is useful for improving the landscape function of the river area, preventing erosion, and self-restoration of cities with rivers for ecological restoration, urban planning, and ecological management of urban landscapes in semi-arid areas with high rainfall intensity.

Trends in Changes in Forests and the Reforestation Fund of the Irkutsk Region

In Russia and the Irkutsk region, there are a number of problems associated with reforestation. The significance of the issue is increasing due to the increase in felling volumes, the deterioration of natural and anthropogenic factors, and the lack of funding. The purpose of this study is to identify the main trends in changes in forests and the reforestation fund of the Irkutsk region. The article contains data on changes in the area of forests and species composition in Russia and Irkutsk region for the period 2010–2021. The problem of reforestation in Russia, especially in Irkutsk region, is considered and compared with world trends. We analyzed the dynamics of areas of coniferous, soft-leaved and hard-leaved vegetation in the Russian Federation and Irkutsk region. The study showed that in the Irkutsk region there is a higher rate of deforestation than in Russia as a whole. The study showed that in the Irkutsk region there is a higher rate of deforestation than in Russia as a whole. An analysis of the state of forest lands on the territory of the Russian Federation and the Irkutsk region showed that there is a stable change in the species composition in the forests of our country, not for the better, and a decrease in the area covered with forest vegetation. An assessment of the change in the area of forest lands in the Irkutsk region revealed an imbalance between retired and incoming forest plantations, and this imbalance is increasing every year. To solve the problem of deforestation and the decline in the quality of the country's forests, it is necessary to carry out reforestation measures on the lost forest areas of previous years. A new formula for calculating the reforestation fund has been proposed and, based on it, the volumes of reforestation work have been calculated. The authors draw attention to the need to preserve forest resources and propose measures to increase the proportion of artificial reforestation to prevent further loss of forests and preserve their ecological function. Keywords. Dynamics of the reforestation fund, the forest fund of the Irkutsk region, the forest cover of the Irkutsk region, the area of forests, the volume of harvested timber, the volume of illegal logging, reforestation fund calculation.

Deforestation perspectives of dry temperate forests: main drivers and possible strategies

Deforestation is the accelerating factor of climate change in developing countries. The German Watch Report 2020 had rated Pakistan number seventh most affected country due to adverse impacts of climate change. The problem of deforestation poses an existential danger to the forest-depleted country. It is of utmost importance to predict the main drivers to control deforestation. This study was conducted from October 2021 to August 2022 in dry temperate forests of the Chilas to investigate the current condition, causes of deforestation, and predicted the main drivers by using a binary regression model. Stratified random sampling techniques and fixed area plot method were used and taken ground measurements during field inventory to access current situation of deforestation. While a non-probability quota sampling technique and semi-structured questionnaire were utilized for the determination of main drivers of deforestation through respondent’s survey. The forest inventory result showed that most trees fall in immature and sub-mature (mainly in 10–20 and 20–30 cm) diameter classes while the binary logistic regression model predicted dominating four primary drivers (unsustainable fuel wood extraction, unsustainable timber extraction and urban crawling and rural expansion/habituation, and free and uncontrolled livestock grazing) and one secondary driver (wood for energy needs). To address the underlying causes of deforestation, the government must supply alternate energy sources, as well as other economic possibilities to reduce dependency on forests.

Combining Markowitz Portfolio Model and Simplex Algorithm to Achieve Sustainable Land Management Objectives: Case Study of Rivadavia Banda Norte, Salta (Argentina)

Land use planning involves making an appropriate decision and selecting a use over other alternatives. A step-by-step methodology was developed to evaluate the optimal combination of regional land use technologies and the spatial allocation. For a realistic approach, a case study (specifically Rivadavia department, Salta, Argentina) is considered, which has deforestation problems and the advance of intensive and extractive agriculture. Five management techniques are considered for the area: precision agriculture (T1), advance livestock farming (T2), payment for ecosystem service (T3), traditional agriculture–livestock farming—Criollo (T4), and traditional forest management—Wichi (T5). A land evaluation on a GIS model is carried out to obtain the land suitability for each technique. Analyzing local experts’ opinions using the Markowitz portfolio methodology allows us to obtain an optimal combination of techniques. Finally, a Simplex method analysis linked with the GIS is performed to allocate the five techniques over the territory maximizing land suitability and in compliance with percent surface assignments. The result assigns each GIS polygon to a specific technique, reaching optimal land suitability in 92% of the territory. Natural capital and social attributes had a significant and complex impact on technology choice, but objective and optimized approaches in their allocation were possible and provides valuable information to guide public policies.

Review on Selected Church Forests of Ethiopia: Implication for Plant Species Conservation and Climate Change Mitigation

Forests are known to play an important role in the conservation of biodiversity and regulation of global climate. Global climate is regulated through sequestering and storing much more carbon from the atmosphere due to the presence of forests. However, loss of forest cover and biodiversity due to anthropogenic activities are a growing concern in many parts of the world. The problem of deforestation and loss of biodiversity is more pronounced in developing countries like Ethiopia. Because of deforestation, the species diversity and climate mitigation potential of natural forests are going to be reduced. Thus, patches of Church forests are left and found throughout the degraded landscapes. Because of their religious significance, these forests have been conserved by local communities. They are the only refuge for different plant species and store high amounts of atmospheric carbon. This is due to local communities do have higher respect and trust in them than other local institutions, which has made the Church the central institution and platform for socio-economic issues of the people. As stated by different scholars, around the Church areas, numerous indigenous and International Union for Conservation of Nature red list species existed. In terms of the diversity of species, the forest around the Church has compared to that of a natural forest. Next to the conservation role, the conserved plant species have a significant contribution to climate change mitigation through carbon stock in biomass and soil. Trees in the Church areas have long life history and are higher in stand structure parameters such as height, diameter at breast height, crown diameter, and their carbon storage potential has been maximum. Overall, Church forests are serving as hot spot sites for biodiversity conservation and have a significant role in mitigating climate change by limiting greenhouse gas emissions and increasing the amount of carbon stored in forests.

Asymmetric impact of income and price on kerosene consumption in Cameroon: new evidence from NARDL

PurposeThis research paper aims to examine the asymmetric impact of income and price on household consumption of kerosene in Cameroon.Design/methodology/approachThe methodological approach consists of testing for stationarity using the augmented Dickey–Fuller and Andrews and Zivot tests, determining cointegration using nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag (NARDL) test approach and finally examining asymmetry using the Wald test.FindingsResults of the stationarity tests reveal that variables are all integrated of order less than two I(2). The NARDL approach indicates that the (positive and negative) income shock and the positive price boom negatively influence consumption in the long- and short-run. The same is true for the negative price shock, but the latter remains insignificant. Furthermore, the Wald test carried out in the study confirms that the cumulative effects of the positive and negative income and price shocks are asymmetric.Originality/valueThe increase in the price of kerosene due to the lifting of subsidies has led to a decrease in household consumption and an unfortunate increase in the loss of tree cover in Cameroon. According to the results, this phenomenon will persist even if the price is reduced. Actions aimed at reducing its production at the expense of liquefied petroleum gas, electricity and renewable energy should be encouraged to limit the loss of vegetation cover. Thus, this study could contribute to solving the problem of deforestation and desertification in Cameroon.

Discovering the socio-economic migrant performance on illegal logging activities for deforestation problem solving in Banyuasin Regency, South Sumatera (case study of Sungai Buring traditional village)

It is often excluded from the handling of illegal logging and deforestation is the release of the socio-economic aspects in problem solving deforestation and forestry development. The purpose of this study was to: 1. Identify the socio-economic characteristics of the migrant who become illegal loggers, 2. Analyze the amount of illegal loggers' income and its allocation to the consumption, and 3. Develop a strategy to overcome illegal logging and forest deforestation based on the socio-economic characteristics of the logger. The analysis showed that socio-economic conditions of the migrant who become illegal loggers illustrates that they are still a low level of education and have productive age. Income earned Rp 4,301,211.00/year/family, lower than the income of Rp 33,070,945.00/year/family after migrating. Income get from illegal logging are Rp 13.087.945/year/family. Average migrant allocates 60.81 % of its total income for consumption, and the remaining 39.19 % is allocated to farming and non-farming activities. This study suggests that there should be an increase in revenue breakthrough in the area of origin to be able to suppress the migration process becomes illegal loggers to other areas. Low income is the core problem of farmers to migrate. Required two basic designs: (1) social engineering with community and (2) technical engineering in the direction of the multiproduct and multifunctional forest benefits to overcome the problems of forestry in the long run.

Scientific and theoretical analysis of the right to use forest land (in the example of Uzbekistan)

Uzbekistan is one of the most vulnerable countries to climate change. If timely adaptation measures are not taken, if the country’s forest fund does not organize the rational use of land, it can face the problem of deforestation and land degradation. As a result of global warming, snow cover is shrinking and evaporation is increasing. Frequent recurrences and intensification of droughts can undermine the sustainability of agricultural production and food security. This article on the basis of new definitions, improvement of regulatory documents and their analysis reveals suggestions and comments on the development of new legislation related to the use of forest lands. In terms of environmental law researched the legal regulation of legal protection and use of forest lands, the role, and importance of forest lands in the system of natural resources, the origin of the right to protect and use forest lands in the context of research, legal relationship related to compliance the norms, the content of the norms aimed at regulating them, essence and problems of application in practice, as well as the issue of legal liability for violations of the legislation on the use of forest lands.

Formulation of a biocellulose mask containing the essence of Aloe vera (L.) Burm.f combination with vitamin E as anti-aging

Most ageing processes are accelerated due to an increasing amount of endogenic stress from outdoor or indoor activity overload. The essence of aloe vera is formulated in the form of a biocellulose mask. It is one of the solutions to deliver essence within polymeric substances, obtained through the fermentation process with the help of Acetobacter xyllinum.
 The aim of this study is to enhance anti-ageing activity derived from Aloe vera (L) essence combined with vitamin E, thus in the form of a biocellulose mask that will prolong skin contact and reduce the main cotton sheet mask problem of deforestation, hence its eco-friendly benefit.
 Material and methods: Twelve volunteers around 25 to 45 years old are subjected to a biocellulose mask containing Aloe vera essence combined with vitamin E for at least 4 weeks to achieve a balanced skin criterion including wrinkles, spots, facial pores, and moisture. Aloe vera and vitamin E constituents within F0; F1, F2; F3, [0%, 0%]; [0%, 1%]; [5%, 0 %] and [5 %, 1 %] as per the following.
 Results: Results showed that bio-cellulose masks containing 5 % Aloe vera with 1 % of vitamin E essence in F3 provide a beneficial anti-ageing activity rather than other biocellulose mask preparations.
 Conclusion: Biocellulose mask through the fermentation process can improve skin conditions, the formula combined with the well-known activity of aloe vera as an exfoliating agent and antioxidant vitamin E, it can not only provide skin rejuvenation but also provide anti-ageing activity

Akses dan Ekslusi dalam Reformasi Hutan di Sumatera: Studi Kasus di Nagari Simanau, Kecamatan Tigo Lurah, Kabupaten Solok, Sumatera Barat

This article discusses the village forest in Simanau. This research was conducted by using a qualitative method, one of which is a case study. Data collection was carried out by observation, interviews and literature study. Research departs from solutions to the problem of deforestation and forest degradation as business as usual or with international assistance through the village forest scheme. Village forests are one of Nawacita's priority programs as a strategic step in reducing deforestation and forest degradation and also overcoming poverty and poverty in national land tenure. My intension is to analyze the forest from a critical anthropological perspective, one of which is the political ecology framework to explore the village forest in Simanau. For this reason, I use the concepts of "access" and "exclusion" in sharpening economic goals in ecological terms. The research findings show that Simanau forest reform raises a dilemma where access to forests is limited for non-management communities. The concept of access is used to hide who gets (and doesn't get) the benefits of the existence of the village forest and through what they get it. This concept of access is then related to the concept of exclusion which means preventing people from accessing forests.

Лесные ресурсы Республики Гана

The Republic of Ghana is among the 50 countries in the world with the highest biodiversity of plant and animal species. The network of forest reserves in the country is the basis for the rich biodiversity conservation. One third of the Ghana’s territory was covered with natural rainforests at the beginning of the 20th century. These forests are now classified as reserves and vulnerable areas. Ghana has two main types of vegetation: savannahs and forests. Their features are determined by the amount of precipitation, moisture level, geology and soils. An inventory of Ghana’s forest resources revealed that the area of forests had been reduced by 19 %. Biodiversity conservation, climate change mitigation, ecotourism and the improvement of living conditions have become important areas in Ghana’s forestry. This has led to significant changes in forest management and logging technologies. The large-scale afforestation programs initiated in the country support the conservation of many populations of flora and fauna. The forest sector includes forest management and woodworking industry, which contribute significantly to currency earnings in Ghana via the export of wood products. Revenue from the export of primary forest products amounted to USD 230.2 million in 2015. Ghana uses 26 types of wood species to produce various parts of garden furniture for export. The forest sector employs more than 100,000 workers. Ghana earns enormous revenues from the export of sawn timber and wood products, so there is an afforestation program. The government’s policy is requiring all timber companies that cut down trees to plant seedlings for the restoration of rainforests. Ghana is ready for a large-scale afforestation campaign so as to contribute to solving the problem of deforestation and climate change that humanity is facing.