Abuse Problems Research Articles

Features of theoretical approaches to the category "abuse of law" in the countries of the Anglo-American legal family

The article examines the peculiarities of theoretical approaches to understanding the category of «abuse of law» in the countries of the Anglo-American legal family, primarily in Great Britain and the United States. In particular, by using a set of philosophical and worldview, general scientific, special scientific methods (primarily, comparative legal, historical legal, normative, functional) and principles of scientific knowledge: the evolution of theoretical ideas about the abuse of law, their consolidation in legislation and practical implementation in individual states of the Anglo-American legal family; the peculiarities of the legal terminology used in the legislation and judicial practice of Great Britain and the USA to determine the abuse of the right are revealed; the characteristic features and general trends of the theoretical understanding and legislative consolidation of the category of «abuse of law» in the specified states have been established. It is argued that the principle of good faith is inherent in the entire legal system of Great Britain as a whole and is reflected in its individual provisions, and the duty to establish the facts about the presence or absence of abuse of the law corresponds to judicial or other competent authorities. It has been established that the doctrine of good faith is important in US judicial practice, but there is no description of the criteria of good faith in US law, their definition is left to the discretion of the court. It is proved that both English and American legislators do not provide a clear definition of the term ‘abuse of law’ in the provisions of legislation. The content of this concept is defined and disclosed in judicial practice and legal doctrine, which are closely interrelated and are based on the assessment of such actions from the standpoint of reasonableness, good faith and fairness. Depending on the branch of law and the legal system of the state, abuse of law is most often understood as damage or loss. Damage is the destruction or diminution of material goods. Losses are understood as real losses and lost profits. It is concluded that despite the fact that the problem of abuse has not been comprehensively resolved, in practice the judicial system of the United Kingdom and the United States is quite effective in combating manifestations of abuse of law.

근로기준법상 이른바 임금체불죄의 문제점과 개선방안

For workers, wages are a major source of income for households and an essential element in solving food, clothing, and shelter for future labor. Therefore, if wages are overdue, it directly threatens the livelihood of workers, so eradicating overdue wages is a very urgent task. Under the Labor Standards Act, if an employer delays wage payment, fails to pay full wages, or fails to pay wages within 14 days from the date of death or retirement of a worker, he or she shall be punished by imprisonment for up to three years or a fine of up to 30 million won. However, unlike the victim's explicit intention, a prosecution cannot be filed (Anti-intentional punishment clause). It is an abuse of the state's right to punish wages, which is only a civil problem, through criminal sanctions. In addition, criticism is raised that there is a risk of making the criminal law only formal and worthless. However, if wages are overdue, the lives of workers and their dependents who have not been paid will be ruined. In addition, since wage bonds are not only property rights but also survival rights and social rights rights, criminal punishment for overdue wages is necessary in that the state's obligation to protect basic rights is strongly required. However, in the case of non-punishment against will, problems of abuse and side effects are pointed out, and problems are raised that the possibility of low punishment for non-payment of wages and lack of risk due to the level of punishment. First, if thorough judicial processing and appropriate sentencing are guaranteed, the anti-disciplinary system can act as a mechanism to encourage employers to liquidate and consequently contribute to protecting workers' basic rights. Therefore, it is necessary to find a way to exclude the application of bad and habitual delinquent business owners or at least limit the time limit of expressing the intention of non-punishment to before prosecution. Second, since the strengthening of sanctions is not directly related to the resolution of wage arrears and the risk of punishment laws depends on the possibility of punishment and the expected level of punishment, it is necessary to strengthen the level of punishment. However, since the crime of arrears of wages is contrary to the principle of proportionality by punishing even non-malicious arrears of wages, economic sanctions need to be strengthened through fines or fines if they are not malicious or habitual arrears of wages.

An analysis of suicides among first responders ─ Findings from the National Violent Death Reporting System, 2015–2017

Introduction: First responders, including law enforcement officers (LEOs), firefighters, emergency medical services (EMS) clinicians, and public safety telecommunicators, face unique occupational stressors and may be at elevated risk for suicide. This study characterized suicides among first responders and identifies potential opportunities for additional data collection. Methods: Using suicides identified from the three most recent years of National Violent Death Reporting System data with industry and occupation codes from the NIOSH Industry and Occupation Computerized Coding System (2015–2017), decedents were categorized as first responders or non-first responders based on usual occupation. Chi-square tests were used to evaluate differences in sociodemographic and suicide circumstances between first and non-first responders. Results: First responder decedents made up 1% of all suicides. Over half of first responders (58%) were LEOs, 21% were firefighters, 18% were EMS clinicians, and 2% were public safety telecommunicators. Compared to non-first responder decedents, more first responders served in the military (23% vs. 11%) and used a firearm as the method of injury (69% vs. 44%). Among first responder decedents for whom circumstances were known, intimate partner problems, job problems, and physical health problems were most frequent. Some common risk factors for suicide (history of suicidal thoughts, previous suicide attempt, alcohol/substance abuse problem) were significantly lower among first responders. Selected sociodemographics and characteristics were compared across first responder occupations. Compared to firefighters and EMS clinicians, LEO decedents had slightly lower percentages of depressed mood, mental health problems, history of suicidal thoughts, and history of suicide attempts. Conclusions: While this analysis provides a small glimpse into some of these stressors, more detailed research may help inform future suicide prevention efforts and interventions. Practical application: Understanding stressors and their relation to suicide and suicidal behaviors can facilitate suicide prevention among this critical workforce.

P4GN Facilitation In North Aceh District (a Study on The Implementation of the Regulation of the Minister of Home Affairs No. 12 of 2019)

The problem of abuse and illicit trafficking of narcotics every year is increasing, making the government and law enforcement have difficulty in overcoming it. This research was conducted in North Aceh Regency which was motivated by the problem of still high cases of narcotics abuse, and most recently, on September 16, 2022, the North Aceh Police again failed to smuggle and distribute 20 packs of methamphetamine (21,400 gr/gross) and ecstasy pills (163,000 pills with a total weight of 32,600 gr/gross). The purpose of this study is to find out how to implement the Regulation of the Minister of Home Affairs number 12 of 2019 concerning the facilitation of the prevention and eradication of abuse and illicit trafficking of narcotics and narcotics precursors (P4GN). This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach. Data collection is done by three techniques, namely observation (observation), interview (interview), documentation. The results of the study show that the implementation of Permendagri Number 12 of 2019 regarding P4GN facilitation has been running but has not been maximized. This is based on the preparation of regional regulations which have not yet been realized, as a result until now the action plans have only been studied. The socialization was carried out separately and not intensively between the local government of North Aceh, BNNK Lhokseumawe and the North Aceh Police. Socialization is done by means of seminars, dissemination and technical guidance. In mapping community empowerment, the North Aceh local government requires breakthroughs and innovations in drug control. For mapping the drug-prone areas, the results show that North Aceh Regency does not have an area that is free from drug abuse, in the sense that the zones mapped are mostly red and black.

IMPLEMENTATION OF THE DEATH PENALTY IN NARCOTIC CRIMINAL CASES (CASE STUDY OF DECISION NUMBER 203/PID.SUS/2019/PN.BLS.)

The problem of abuse and illicit trafficking of Narcotics in Indonesia is still exacerbated by the process of Law Enforcement, Eradication of distribution and circulation illegal narcotics in this country. Law Number 35 of 2009 concerning Narcotics has clearly and clearly stated that perpetrators of illicit trafficking of Narcotics (narcotics syndicates) are subject to death penalty. Death penalty is one of the oldest types of punishment, as old as mankind. Death penalty is also the most interesting form of punishment studied by experts because it has a high value of contradiction or conflict between those who agree with those who disagree. In the decision being reviewed, namely decision number 203/Pid.Sus/2019/PN.Bls, that by taking into account, Article 114 paragraph (2) Jo. Article 132 paragraph (1) of the Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 35 of 2009 concerning Narcotics and Law Number 8 of 1981 concerning Criminal Procedure Code and other relevant laws and regulations, the Panel of Judges sentenced the Defendant Suci Ramadianto Als Suci Als Iir Bin Subandi with death penalty.

Law Enforcement Disparity in Giving Rehabilitation for Narcotics Users

The problem of drug abuse is currently a frightening specter. Prevention of drug abuse is aimed at fortifying the community so that they are not involved in drug abuse. The target is people who have never been involved with narcotics abuse so as not to become abusers, and not become dealers. Rehabilitation of narcotics abusers and addicts with the aim of curing the ill condition of narcotics dependence on abusers and addicts to recover from drug dependence. The rights of citizens are human rights that are protected and guaranteed by the state, but in reality, in the process of imposing criminal charges, especially in cases of drug abuse, there have been disparities.

Level of Suicidal Ideation Among Callers to the Danish Suicide Prevention Helpline

Objective The aim of this study was to: (1) determine the proportion of callers to a national helpline for suicide prevention who were evaluated to be at risk of suicide; (2) identify characteristics associated with being at risk; (3) determine the level of suicidal ideation among callers, as measured by a clinical scale, and compared to the general population. Method Data on all calls answered at the Danish helpline for suicide prevention during 2018–2019 were analyzed. These consisted of socio-demographic covariates and items related to suicidality, including the Suicidal Ideation Attribute Scale (SIDAS). Data on SIDAS for the general population derived from a survey. Being at risk of suicide, as evaluated by the counselors, was examined as outcome in adjusted logistic regressions. Results Among 42,393 answered calls, 24,933 (59%) related to personal concerns. Of these, 47% and 14% of callers, respectively, had suicidal thoughts and concrete suicidal plans, while 53% were evaluated to be at risk. Higher risks were found when issues related to self-harm, mental health problems, eating disorders, incest, physical health problems, substance abuse, or sexual assault were mentioned. In all 37% of callers who were administered the SIDAS scale were evaluated to be at high risk of suicide compared to 1.5% in the general population. Conclusions A substantial share of callers to a national helpline for suicide prevention were evaluated to be at risk of suicide, also when using a clinical scale. This emphasizes the potential for counselors to prevent suicidal behavior. Highlights More than half of callers reaching out to the helpline were evaluated to be at risk of suicide, and 37% were identified as being at high risk using SIDAS, a clinical scale. Being woman, of younger age, having a history of previous suicide attempt as well as experiencing problems related to self-harm, mental disorders, sexual assault, substance abuse, and physical health problems was associated with risk of suicide, as evaluated by counselors. This seemingly is the first study to compare clinical scores of helpline callers to those of the general population and significantly higher levels of suicidal ideation were found among helpline callers.

Batch and continuous fixed-bed column adsorption of tetracycline by biochar/MOFs derivative covered with κ-carrageenan/calcium alginate hydrogels

Due to the high dependence on tetracycline in the daily production and life of human beings, its abuse problem is serious, which affects the safety of the ecological environment. How to effectively remove residual tetracycline in the environment is an urgent problem to be solved. In this study, HKUST-1 was successfully composited with rice husk and wheat straw biochar by hydrothermal method, and then combined with κ-carrageenan and calcium alginate by cross-linking replacement method to prepare a novel modified biochar composite gel. Through a series of static adsorption experiments, the adsorption of TC on the two modified biochar composite gels reached equilibrium within 24 h and was dominated by chemical adsorption, and the maximum adsorption capacities for TC could reach 313.00 and 396.09 mg·g−1, respectively. The adsorption mechanism of TC on the modified biochar composite gels is mainly hydrogen bonding, electrostatic attraction, metal-organic complexation and π-π interaction. At the same time, the dynamic adsorption process was simulated through a fixed-bed column experiment, and the results showed that the modified biochar composite gels as a new type of adsorption material can be effectively applied to the removal of organic pollutants in actual sewage, providing basic support for future practical application research.

Brief Strategy Family Therapy from Theory to Practice: Generating Evidence through Scientific Articles: العلاج الاستراتيجي الموجز للأسرة من حيز النظرية إلى التطبيق: توليد الأدلة عبر الدراسات العلمية

Brief Strategy Family Therapy (BSFT) is an award-winning, evidence-based program that has been listed by SAMHSA - Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services since 2008. which is used to overcome some behavioral problems such as bullying; Take drugs; socially unacceptable behavior; school truancy. It is an intervention based on a program designed around the effective role of the family to reduce behavioral problems. The main aim of it, is the restructuring of the family and its relations with each other. It is a short-term, structured, and practical approach that addresses the behavioral problems of children and adolescents. Specifically targets children and adolescents between the ages of 6 and 18, who are at risk for behavioral problems, including substance abuse. Its importance is that it is the only model that is strongly categorized into the three categories: mental health insurance; overcoming the problem of drug abuse; Strengthening pedagogical parenting skills at home. While the Arab studies did not address Brief Strategy Family Therapy as an evidence-based program and intervention, to the knowledge of the researcher. The researcher considered it important to review a summary of this intervention, its objectives, steps, and other studies that dealt with Brief Strategic Family Therapy. Noting the extent to which it can be applied in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia while presenting a vision that puts theoretical information into practice. This is in addition to presenting suggestions that guide future Arab research for the application of Brief Strategic Family Therapy in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and Arab countries.

The protection and empowerment of Indonesian female migrant domestic workers: Proposals from a multi-stage analysis

ABSTRACT Migrant female domestic workers are subject to an overarching system of isolation, subordination, and exploitation due to the intersection of their gender, low education, and foreign-migrant status. This is a study of Indonesian female migrant domestic workers and their actual experiences in the six distinct stages of their journey that have not been previously acknowledged. This enabled us to uncover the distinct exploitation and abuse problems they encountered at different stages and propose how these problems may be addressed, apart from formulating proposals for fundamental reform. We conclude by identifying ways in which the problems can be mitigated, or even fully addressed in some cases, through more active intervention by their home country.

Coffee and energy drink use patterns in college freshmen: associations with adverse health behaviors and risk factors

BackgroundPublic health concern over college students mixing caffeine-containing energy drinks (EDs) and alcohol has contributed to an array of ED-focused research studies. One review found consistent associations between ED use and heavy/problem drinking as well as other drug use and risky behaviors (Nutr Rev 72:87–97, 2014). The extent to which similar patterns exist for other sources of caffeine is not known. The present study examined associations between coffee and ED consumption and alcohol, tobacco and other drug use; alcohol use problems; and parental substance abuse and mental health problems in a sample of college freshmen.MethodsSubjects were N = 1986 freshmen at an urban university who completed an on-line survey about demographics; caffeine; alcohol, tobacco and other drug use; and family history. The sample was 61% female and 53% White. Chi-square analyses and multivariable binary or ordinal logistic regression were used to compare substance use, problem alcohol behavior, and familial risk measures across 3 caffeine use groups: ED (with or without Coffee) (ED + Co; N = 350); Coffee but no ED (Co; N = 761); and neither coffee nor ED (NoCE; N = 875) use.ResultsAfter adjusting for gender and race, the 3 caffeine use groups differed on 8 of 9 symptoms for alcohol dependence. In all cases, the ED + Co group was most likely to endorse the symptom, followed by the Co group and finally the NoCE group (all p < .002). A similar pattern was found for: use 6+ times of 5 other classes of drugs (all p < .05); extent of personal and peer smoking (all p < .001); and paternal problems with alcohol, drugs and anxiety/depression as well as maternal alcohol problems and depression/anxiety (p < .04).ConclusionsThe response pattern was ubiquitous, with ED + Co most likely, Co intermediate, and NoCE least likely to endorse a broad range of substance use, problem alcohol behaviors, and familial risk factors. The finding that the Co group differed from both the ED + Co and NoCE groups on 8 measures and from the NoCE group on one additional measure underscores the importance of looking at coffee in addition to EDs when considering associations between caffeine and other risky behaviors.

To Develop and Evaluate the Effectiveness of Educational Package on Life-Skilltraining on the Life-Skill Practices among Substanceabusers of a Selected Drug- Rehabilitation Centre, New Delhi

Background: Substance Abuse is a phenomenon in the world and has invaded the human society as themost important social damage. Substance abuse is a nonadaptive model of drug use which results in advanceproblem and consequences , and includes a set of cognitive , behavioural , and psychological symptoms1.Methods: It was a Quasi Experimental study, total 60 substance abusers were selected ( 30 samples eachfor experimental and control group) by using convenient sampling technique. Structured questionnaire wasused to collect the demographic characteristics &amp; to assess the level of life skill practices of substanceabusers residing in rehabilitation centre for both experimental and control group, followed by administrationof Life skill training program for experimental group only.Results: The findings of the study revealed that difference between pre-test and post-test life skill score‘t’ value was 14.57 for degree of (39) at 0.05 level of significance. This shows that there was significantincrease in life skill practices of substance abusers after administration of Life skill training programme. Thepost-test mean life skill practice score of experimental group and post-test mean life skill practice score ofcontrol group shows ‘t’ value of 11.316 for the degree of freedom (78) at 0.05 level of significance.Conclusion: Human society has been challenged with Substance abuse and sustained notable financial andspiritual losses. The problem of abuse is one of the topfour world crises and the main social crisis in India.The findings of study reveals that there was significant increase in life skill practices of experimental groupthan the control group after administration of Life skill training programme1.

A study to evaluate the effectiveness of structured teaching programme on level of knowledge regarding problems of substance abuse among higher secondary school students at selected schools in Etawah district

A study to evaluate the effectiveness of structured teaching programme on level of knowledge regarding problems of substance abuse among higher secondary school students at selected schools in Etawah district

Identification of the Effect of Drug Use Trends on Senior High School in Banda Aceh City: Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis

Introduce. “The problem of abuse in Indonesia has entered an alarming stage, where drugs are not only abused by adults but also by students. There are 6.4% are Senior High School. Research Objectives To identify trends in drug use among Senior High School in Banda Aceh City”. Method. “Analytical research design with a sample of 256 students with multiple logistic regression analysis”. Result. “Hereditary factors sig (0.198), parent factors sig (0.018), individual factors sig (0.013), peer risk factors 2.354 times, availability sig (0.007), the cultural factors risk level of 2.420 times”. Conclusion. “Based on the identification that has been done, it can be concluded that of the six factors analyzed, the Hereditary factor does not have a significant effect on drug abuse, while other factors show a significant effect on drug abuse”.

Morphometric characteristics of the structural components of the intervertebral disc in rats at different times of the experimental opioid exposure and after its withdrawal

Background. The world and domestic literature from time to time report about the problems of uncontrolled drug abuse. This problem is associated not only with the negative impact on the morphological structure, but also is a serious factor which, if it has been exposing for a long time, leads to disability and death. Despite a significant number of studies in this area, the problem of changes in the morphometric parameters of the intervertebral disc’s structural components under chronic exposure of opioid agents still remains unresolved. That is why the study of morphometric characteristics of the intervertebral disc’s structural components under experimental opioid exposure will be interesting for both - morphologists and practical traumatologists. Objective. To study the morphometric parameters of the structural components of the intervertebral disc in rats at different times of the experimental opioid exposure and after its withdrawal. Methods. The objects of the study were 61 mature outbred male rats, weight - 80-135g, age - 4.5-7.5 months. Animals were injected with nalbuphine intramuscularly once daily (at 10-11 am) for 42 days. Histological specimens were stained with alcyan blue (for the study of the collagen fibers thickness of the anterior and posterior longitudinal ligaments) and PAS-reaction (for the study of the gelatinous nucleus and its capsule thickness). For measurements of collagen fiber thickness, were taken images at x100 magnification, for measurements of the gelatinous nucleus and its capsule thickness - at x40 magnification. Measurements were performed with ImageJver software. 1.51 using the tool "straight" for linear measurements. Results. Thus, changes in the collagen fibers thickness of the anterior and posterior longitudinal ligaments during the experiment were uneven and had different tendencies. The thickness of the posterior longitudinal fibers changed mostly within the central trend of the control group with a significant decrease only at the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th weeks. However, more significant, as for pathogenetic changes, was a sharp decrease in the number of fibers thicker than 25 μm in animals of the experimental group after 2 weeks of the study, and the maximum thickness at 5th and 6th week was only 31.41 μm and 35.24 μm whereas the maximum thickness of the control group was 81.48 μm. In the withdrawal group, only a decrease in sites with nuclear edema can be considered positive, which is displayed by morphometrical decrease in the maximum value, but the central trend remains much lower than in the control group, which also indicates the predominance of decompensatory changes. Conclusion. During the whole experiment, we observed similar changes in the nucleus capsule thickness: non-systemic fluctuations of the central parameters ​​up to the 5th week and a sharp decompensation at the 6th week, which was manifested by a sharp decrease in thickness. Simultaneously, we observed numerous sites of edema and thickening by more than 100 μm on the 2nd week. Despite a general decrease in median and quartile at this time, such sites were also noted at the 6th week. Thickness of the nucleus capsule in the withdrawal group did not demonstrate significant dynamics and remained similar to those at the 6th week. Although, this can be interpreted as the stabilization at a certain level without further negative dynamics.

The Meaning of Age: In a Context of Eldercare and Substance Use

Some people age with substance abuse and social problems and several countries provide members of this population with a type of arrangement referred to as “wet” eldercare facilities. These facilities provide care for people who are judged as unable to become sober, in some cases with a lower age-limit at 50 years. The aim of this study was to investigate the meaning of age for judging the fit between the person and the arrangement. The study was based on interviews with 42 residents, 10 case workers and 21 staff members at five facilities in Sweden. Respondents were asked about the relevance of age and if the facility should include younger people as well. Some staff argued that younger people should be excluded since they could not have the history of multiple failures in treatment that was a prerequisite for admission. Regarding the low age-limit, substance abuse was said to accelerate the process of ageing so that a person aged 50 could be considered 20 years older and in need of eldercare. Residents had a tendency to equate age with activity and argued that people below the age of 50 were active and energetic and the inclusion of younger people would lead to disturbance of the calm pace of the facilities. Given that facilities have been described as “end-stations”, it was puzzling that few respondents linked the question of admitting younger person to the matter of giving up ambitions to make the person sober.

Pemberian Social Support Dalam Bentuk Pemberian Motivasi Kepada Pasien Rehabilitasi Narkoba

Drug abuse among the community is an act that is not in accordance with social norms and values that apply in society. For victims of drug abuse, serious and thorough treatment is needed. It means that the victim can be aware and not relapse into the problem of drug abuse. The purpose of this community service activity is to provide social support in the form of providing motivation to Drug Rehabilitation Patients. This community service activity is in the form of psychoeducation, which is a form of providing social support with this activity, it is hoped that drug rehabilitation patients can motivate themselves to look to a better future after they leave or finish undergoing a program at a drug rehabilitation center. This activity is in the form of a seminar on providing Social Support in the form of providing motivation to Drug Rehabilitation Patients, which is attended by Drug Rehabilitation Patients at Al Kamal Sibolangit Center. Providing social support in the form of motivation for drug rehabilitation patients is expected to reduce anxiety levels. Individuals who lack or even do not have social support have high levels of anxiety. For this reason, support is needed so that individuals can share their problems with people around whom they trust, are able to change their views or perceptions regarding the events experienced, with social support, individuals who have problems can exchange ideas with other people who can change their views on the problem. experienced and can also affect responses related to the events experienced

Menstrual Equity, Organizing and the Struggle for Human Dignity and Gender Equality in Prison

&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; This Essay takes a look at the movement for social change around menstruation, especially through the lens of the criminal legal system and prisons and jails in particular. Part I reviews the issues of period poverty and justice that are driving a larger social movement to recognize that safe and ready access to menstrual hygiene products should be framed through a lens of full civic participation in order to understand its full implications for the lives of people who menstruate. Part II dives into the particular needs and problems of abuse and control that incarcerated and detained people face related to menstruation. Part III examines the growing movement to transform menstruation in America along equity lines that focuses both on the rights of all menstruators while bringing social pressure to bear on behalf of the most vulnerable—incarcerated people, the unhoused, students, and those living in poverty—to demand greater governmental and cultural support for the needs, inclusion, and dignity of all people who menstruate. This Part particularly takes note of the fact that the menstrual equity movement gains strength and force when it centers the leadership and voices of people who menstruate as key players demanding social change and evolution of the culture as a whole. Part IV examines the importance of the momentum and success this social movement represents for potential litigation strategies to develop constitutional jurisprudence regarding incarcerated people and menstrual equity. It observes that the pertinent “evolving standards of decency” that inform Eighth Amendment jurisprudence must and will be influenced by the prevailing movement for menstrual equity as a deliberate strategy to ensure that incarcerated people who menstruate are not left out of the social development and rights framework that menstrual equity demands. At the same time this evolution in jurisprudence represent the opportunity for Eighth Amendment jurisprudence—and constitutional framework generally—to place a greater focus on the need for human dignity as a cornerstone of the law.&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D;

Mencegah Second Victimization Melalui Asesmen Terpadu bagi Korban Penyalahgunaan Narkotika di Kabupaten Banyumas

Cases of drugs abuse and illicit trafficking continue to rise along with the increasing number of addicts and abusers of narcotics. Addicts and Victims of Narcotics Abuse are often in a dilemma between the perpetrator or victim. Assessment integrated can clarify their position. The problems studied in this research is about how the concept of assessment integrated into the case of criminal acts of narcotics and how the mechanism of placement of victims of abuse of narcotics into institutions of rehabilitation. This research is a juridical-sociological, designed using survey method, observation, interview and literature study. The Data obtained were collected and analyzed qualitatively with the model of descriptive-analytical. Based on the results of research, assessment integrated designed to distinguish between addicts and victims of narcotics abuse with a drug dealer/courier narcotics. Assessment integrated to produce recommendations that contain a description of the involvement of the suspect with a network of illicit narcotics, the level of dependence on narcotics and a plan of rehabilitation of addicts and victims of narcotics abuse. Of the 15 cases studied, there were 8 cases of drug abuse and only 1 of 8 such cases that boil down to rehabilitation. The assessment integrated a mechanism that is able to avoid the victims of the abuse of narcotics from the threat of imprisonment. Avoiding the victims of drug abuse from a criminal to prison is expected to break the chain of problems of drug abuse and illicit trafficking. It can be realized through a pattern of different handling between the addict/abuser with a drug dealer/courier narcoticsKeywords: Integrated Assessment, the Narcotics Crime, the Victims of Drug Abuse

Clinical consequences of abuse and misuse of hypnotics and analgesics in geriatric population

Insomnia and pain coexist with chronic diseases, especially in the elderly, who are therefore the largest group taking hypnotics and analgesics. For this reason, seniors are at high risk of abusing these medications, leading to dangerous and unpredictable clinical outcomes. The article provides a literature review using the Pubmed, Medline, Embase and Google Scholar databases. The articles were analysed using the following keywords: drug abuse, sleeping pills, painkillers, benzodiazepines, opioids. The article presents the characteristics of medical substances belonging to sleeping pills and painkillers, taking into account the consequences of their misuse. Hypnotics and pain relievers, especially benzodiazepines and opioids, are the most abused drug classes in the elderly. In the case of hypnotics, apart from benzodiazepines, these are zolpidem and zopiclone or trazodone, and in the case of analgesics, codeine, tramadol, morphine or oxycodone and also paracetamol and NSAIDs. The problem of abuse and misuse of hypnotics and analgesics in the geriatric population is still growing and therefore more and more attention should be paid to this problem. Although this type of treatment is important to maintain a good quality of life for the elderly, proper education among staff, patients and their carers is also needed. Proper information provided by medical personnel plays an important role in this matter.