Blended Problem-based Learning Research Articles

Enhancing Thai student-teacher problem-solving skills and academic achievement through a blended problem-based learning approach in online flipped classrooms

The study aimed to develop a learning model that enhances Thai student-teacher problem-solving skills (PSS) and academic achievement (AA) through a blended problem-based learning (PBL) approach in online flipped classrooms. Phase 1 consisted of the design of the Flipped PARSER (problem-attempt-research-solutions-evaluation-reflect) Model (FPM) through the study of documentation and research. Phase 2 involved using nine experts to assist with the model's development and evaluation using in-depth interviews and content analysis. Phase 3 involved the application and use of the FPM by 30 student-teachers, from which their AA, PSS, and satisfaction were evaluated against the control group of 31 participants. The results from the nine experts' input on the FPM design were significant. Instructor activities included selecting content, media, materials, and their design and development. Other components included learning activities, tools, lesson delivery, and evaluation. Also, PBL methods were again confirmed as an instrumental pedagogy in teaching PSS. When combined with online learning and flipped classrooms, the study's results were higher than those using traditional classroom methods. The study contributes to the literature by determining that online teaching models effectively teach PSS and raise AA scores.

HOW DO E-WORKSHEET USING WIZER.ME BASED GOOGLE SITE IMPROVE HIGHER ORDER THINKING SKILLS AND COMMUNICATION SKILLS?

Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) and Communication Skills (CS) must be taught to pre-service physics teacher in the twenty-first century if they are to become future professional physics teacher. Based on the results of the preliminary study it is known that the HOTS and CV categories of physics education students are still lacking with an average score of 25 and 3. In addition, learning time in class is limited to solving problems so lecturers want to take advantage of technology in making teaching materials that facilitate independent practice outside the classroom, easily accessible to pre-service physics teacher (paperless), easy to provide feedback and correction results from worksheets so that learning evaluation is more effective and efficient. One treatment that can be applied to train HOTS and CS is to use teaching materials in the form of electronic-worksheets (e-worksheets) using Wizer.me based Google Site. E-worksheets will be more optimal if applied in learning, namely the Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) model and the Blended Problem-Based Learning (B-PBL) model. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of e-worksheets in CTL and B-PBL using Wizer.me based Google Site, changes to HOTS and CS and to determine student perceptions of using e-worksheets. The research method is quasi-experimental with a two-treatment counterbalanced design. The population of this study was all statistical physics classes for the 2022/2023 academic year, consisting of 2 classes with a total of 66 students. The sampling technique was purposive sampling, with 33 students in each class. Data collection techniques used the HOTS test, communication skills observation sheets and perception questionnaires about the use of CTL and B-PBL-based e-worksheets. The HOTS test is in the form of a description with a total of 3 questions including analyzing (C4), evaluating (C5) and creating (C4). Communication skills observation sheets include systematics/format, use of language, completeness and sequence of contents. The perception questionnaire consists of 9 questions using the Guttman scale. Based on the results of data analysis, it is known that CTL and B-PBL-based e-worksheets are effective in training HOTS and CS with large categories, namely 0.88 and 0.91. The increase in HOTS and CS was in the high category in both classes but the increase in the BPBL-CTL class was better with N-Gain, namely 0.87 and 0.92. The results of the questionnaire analysis stated that physics education students gave a good response with almost all students stating that the use of e-worksheets using Wizer.me based Google Site could increase HOTS and CS and physics education students were more independent in finding solutions to problems. Based on the results of data analysis, it can be concluded that e-worksheets in CTL and B-PBL using Wizer.me based Google Site can increase HOTS and CS.

교직이론 과목에서 현장 역량 강화를 위한 혼합형 PBL 수업 사례 연구

This study attempted to present a specific case of blended Problem-Based Learning (PBL) in teacher education course to enhance the field competency of pre-service teachers. The participants were first-year adult learners majoring in Early Childhood Education who were enrolled in the educational psychology course. The blended PBL process was organized by appropriately combining face-to-face and online sessions, following the sequence of 'Course Introduction,' 'Problem Presentation,' 'Subsequent Problem Steps,' 'Presentation of Results and Discussion,' and 'Review and Evaluation of Learning Outcomes.' Five PBL problems were developed, and during the initial five weeks, students were assigned to individually contemplate one problem per week. In the 10th week, a face-to-face group discussion session was conducted. Subsequently, continuous online communication through Learning Management System (LMS) and Social Networking Services (SNS) was maintained, leading to the group presentation of the final project at the end of the semester. The analysis of reflection journals submitted by students after the class was conducted to assess the effectiveness of a blended PBL course. The case presented in this study proposes a form of instructional design that integrates real-world experiences, suggesting a hybrid approach to PBL in education. Furthermore, the application of blended PBL in educational psychology courses suggests the potential to enhance field competency in teacher education courses.

The influence of problem-based-blended learning assisted with computer simulation on students' critical thinking skills

This study aims to determine the effect of Problem Based-Blended Learning (PBBL) assisted by computer simulations on critical thinking skills and to determine student responses after learning. This type of research is quasi-experimental with a nonequivalent control group design. The research sample was taken using a saturated sampling technique, with VII D as the experimental class and VIIC as the control class. Data collection techniques in this study include multiple choice with reasons to measure critical thinking skills and student response questionnaires. The influence of PBBL assisted by computer simulations on critical thinking skills can be seen in the t-test and N-Gain test results. The t-test results obtained a value of count table or 5,616 1,998, indicating a significant difference in students' critical thinking skills. The results of the N-Gain test in the experimental class got a value of 0.668 and 0.468 in the control class, so both classes were in the medium category. The results of this study were supported by 83.05% positive responses from students in the outstanding category. The results of this study indicate that computer simulation-assisted PBBL affects students' critical thinking skills.

THE EFFECT OF ASYNCHRONOUS BLENDED PROBLEM-BASED LEARNING ON THE CRITICAL THINKING ABILITIES OF UNDERGRADUATE MIDWIFERY STUDY PROGRAM STUDENTS

Asynchronous blended problem-based learning (ABLE-PBL) is a problem-based learning (PBL) learning innovation that can be used in midwifery educational institutions that have a limited number of teaching staff but still want to optimize the learning process and produce competent quality graduates by community needs. The research aims to determine the relationship between asynchronous blended problem-based learning and the critical thinking abilities of undergraduate Midwifery students at Muhammadiyah University of Sidoarjo. Quantitative research method using a cross-sectional approach. The research population was undergraduate midwifery students at Muhammadiyah University of Sidoarjo with a sample size of 37 students. The sampling technique used total sampling and data was analyzed using the Person Chi Square technique. The results of the research show that the implementation of asynchronous blended problem-based learning is categorized as good at 70.3%. Students' critical thinking abilities are in the high category, namely 67.7% and based on the Person Chi-Square test p-value <0.05. The research concludes that there is a relationship between asynchronous blended problem-based learning and the critical thinking abilities of undergraduate Midwifery study program students.

Polytechnic Students’ Perspectives of a Blended Problem-Based Learning Approach in Singapore

Blended learning has become an integral component of the curriculum in institutes of higher learning (IHL) worldwide. Problem-based Learning (PBL) is a constructivistic learning approach that can facilitate the development of 21st-century competencies such as self-directed learning (SDL) and collaborative learning (CL). This study investigated if there are any differences in Polytechnic students’ perceptions of self-directed learning and collaborative learning between the blended PBL design and the face-to-face PBL design in terms of self-directed learning and collaborative learning in Singapore. The study adopted a quasi-experimental approach, with 56 student participants completing a 36-item validated pre/post survey instrument (MSDLCL). Statistical analyses suggested that in both PBL approaches, students’ perceptions of self-directed learning with technology and collaborative learning increased significantly. Focus group discussion results suggested that while students were motivated to complete the assigned PBL tasks, they preferred to conduct collaborative learning activities in person and work on self-directed learning activities online.

Fostering Thinking Skills Supported by e-Portals with Case Examples of Blended Mode Problem-based Learning (PBL) Participated by Secondary School Learners

The integration of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in science learning has been identified as an important component in the transformation process of many educational systems to impart the technology skills that is an essential 21st century skills to serve the new learning paradigm among the Net Generation students. In the advent of digital era, World Wide Web has spawned a wealth of new network-based applications with an overarching vision that supports specific blended mode learning programmes incorporating interactive e-platforms and m-learning. Student-centred learning opportunities were widened with more interactive activities that could engage their interest for science learning in the ever expanding knowledge-based societies. This article analyses the roles of e-portals incorporating Open Educational Resources (OERs) that foster thinking skills of learners through ‘Problem-based Learning’ (PBL) programmes. Cases are extracted from a bigger scale of longitudinal study that examined students’ participation in the blended mode PBL anchored on social constructivist and socio-cultural framework. Blended learning activities were implemented leveraging on the effective use of OER to enhance learners’ investigative skills with transformation of values-based classroom practices beyond formal teaching. PBL scenario (six contextual problems) adapted from secondary science entitled ‘Water and Solution’ was presented to project teams from two case study schools. Problem case 4 using ‘withincase dynamic matrix’ was further reported with exemplars elaborated. Students were administered with ‘Fluid Intelligence Test’(FIT) encompassing evaluation of creative, critical/logical thinking and reasoning skills prior to PBL through scaffolded instruction (SI)(PBL-SI) with evaluation guided by POSITIVE rubric (accessible at http://forum.sp3aceman.net). Four aspects of POSITIVE rubric guide, ‘Skills’ enhancement (scientific/ICT), ‘Information’, ‘Training/transfer of Higher Order Thinking’ (HOT) and ‘Evaluation/exchange/enrichment/ exposure’ are illustrated with evidence of students’ enhanced HOT. Innovative learning designs and on-line assessment with evidences of exemplary students’ creative potentials involved in investigation using OER were identified which include interviews findings from two students who created web-portals using OER effectively. ‘More/moderately successful students’ were involved actively in mini science fair, congress/competitions and e-forum (http://forum.maays. net). Other pedagogical issues concerning of the importance of PBL and blended learning that promote thinking skills in line with research evidence as reported in TIMSS and PISA studies are also deliberated.

Students’ Satisfaction of Blended Problem-Based Learning: An Academic Experience at Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology

Implementation of problem-based learning has been a challenge in most African institutions of higher learning including Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST) due to deficiencies in the secondary education system. This article seeks to investigate the effect of blended problem-based learning (BPBL) practices on students’ satisfaction at KNUST during the Enhancing Entrepreneurship, Innovation and Sustainability in Higher Education in Africa (EEISHEA) 2019–2022 project. In line with this objective, a survey instrument was prepared and validated and a multistage sampling technique with an effective sample size of 1,304 students (621 female and 883 males), 71 lecturers, and 16 technicians across the six colleges of KNUST were obtained. The generalized linear models, simple and multiple logistic regression, were estimated from the data to compare effect of teacher-centered and BPBL paradigms on students’ satisfaction. To prevent overfitting, a cross-validation was performed on the fitted models. Receiver operating curve and area under curve were employed to ascertain the predictive power of the models. Results indicate about 67.35% of students posited that lecturers have incorporated some problem-based learning (PBL) elements into their course delivery. About 72.13% of respondents submitted that the integration of the PBL ignited their self-directed and collaborative learning and improved learner’s problem-solving skills. Furthermore, the fitted models suggest that BPBL, gender, level of program, and college influence students’ satisfaction. The odds of satisfaction of an individual in the BPBL group is 7.4 times higher than respondents in the traditional group with a confidence interval for the odds ratio (OR), (OR 7.4, 95% CI: 4.31–13.16).

Latent profile analysis on the effectiveness of tutor performance: Influence on medical students' engagement in blended problem-based learning.

Tutor performance is a critical factor for the success of a problem-based learning (PBL) curriculum. This study investigated medical students' perceptions of the effectiveness of tutor performance and the relationships with learning engagement (behavioral, emotional, and cognitive engagement) in the blended PBL approach. This study employed a cross-sectional survey and data were collected from 238 first-year and second-year medical students. Latent profile analysis (LPA) was used to investigate how individual students' perceptions of tutor performance can be clustered. Follow-up multiple one-way analyses of covariance (ANCOVA) were performed to examine the relationships with students' learning engagement in PBL activities. The effectiveness of tutor performance perceived by students was classified into lowly, moderately, and highly effective tutors. These clustering profiles were significantly related to the different types of learning engagement in the blended PBL process. Hence, this study highlights that the tutor is one of the key aspects of assessing the implementation of blended PBL since student performance is positively associated with the perception of tutor effectiveness.

The Effect of Blended Problem-Based Learning on Problem Solving and Scientific Literacy in High School Students

Problem-solving skills and literacy skills are two abilities that are important for students to master in this century. Appropriate strategies must be applied by the teacher for students to master both skills properly. This study aims to determine the effect of applying blended problem-based learning to improve students' problem-solving skills and scientific literacy skills. The research was conducted on 96 students of class XI at the secondary level. The study was conducted in two groups which were given different treatments. The group that is taught uses blended problem-based learning and the group without blended problem- based learning. There are two findings from this study indicating that 1) the group that was taught using blended problem-based learning obtained an average score of problem-solving skills that was higher than the average value of students without blended problem-based learning and, 2) literacy skills were obtained with a higher average high in the group that was studied using blended problem-based learning. Blended problem-based learning has a positive impact and strong influence on improving problem-solving skills and scientific literacy.

The Effect of Problem-Based Blended Learning towards Students’ Critical and Creative Thinking Skills

The study was aimed at investigating the effect of problem-based blended learning towards students’ critical and creative thinking skills in economic learning process. Quantitative method was used as a research design by adapting quasi-experimental model. The study was conducted at SMAN 1 Marga, Tabanan, Bali by involving 43 eleventh-grade students as the research sample in which they were selected by using random sampling technique from the total 312 population. The data were obtained through post-test in which the essay test and performance test were conducted as the data collection technique. The instruments used were essay test and performance test rubric. The obtained data were analyzed descriptive and inferential statistically. ANOVA and MANOVA test were conducted to answer the hypothesis of this study. It was found that; 1) there was an effect of problem-based learning on students’ critical thinking skills, 2) there was an effect of problem-based learning on students’ creative thinking skills, 3) there was a simultaneous effect of problem-based blended learning towards students’ critical and creative thinking skills.

Research on the Subject Teaching Construction and Countermeasures of Creative Writing based on Employment Orientation

Creative writing is important because it allows individuals to express their thoughts, feelings, and experiences in a unique and imaginative way. It promotes self-expression and helps to develop writing skills, as well as stimulates the imagination and encourages critical thinking. Additionally, creative writing can serve as a form of therapy and provide a means of exploring and understanding emotions. Therefore, it is important to identify these factors that affect creative writing. The purpose of this study was to investigate a teaching method that teaches construction and countermeasures in creative writing by combining problem-based learning, project-based learning, and the support of technology. Data was collected from 425 students of colleges and universities in China with the help of a structured questionnaire. SmartPLS 4 and SPSS were utilized for data analysis. The findings of the study showed that Problem-based learning, Problem-based blended learning teaching construction and project base learning orientation has a significant positive impact on creative writing. Furthermore, the finding shows that technical support to develop writing skills significantly moderates this relationship. The study provided valuable insights into the current state of creative writing education and the strategies that can be used to improve it. The results can be used by teachers, educational administrators, and policymakers to design better programs and initiatives that support the development of creative writing skills and prepare students for careers in this field.

The Effect of Whatsapp-Based Blended Problem-Based Learning on Students' Scientific Argument Ability in the Concept of Viruses

This study aims to determine the effect of Whats App-based blended problem-based learning on students' scientific argumentation skills on the concept of a virus in class X MIPA Madrasah Aliyah Negeri Tasikmalaya Indonesia. The research method used is a quasi-experimental method using a posttest only control design. The population in this study was class X MIPA as many as 202 people. Samples were taken by non-probability sampling in the form of purposive sampling. The sample used is MIPA 5 and X MIPA 6 classes at Madrasah Aliyah Negeri Tasikmalaya Indonesia as many as 61 students. With MIPA 6 class as many as 30 students as the experimental class and X MIPA 5 as many as 31 students as the control class. Data collection was done by giving 7 questions of scientific argumentation. The data analysis technique used was t independent with a significance value (0.0001). The results showed that there was an effect of WhatsApp-based blended problem-based learning on the ability to argue scientifically. Other findings show that the average scientific argumentation ability of students is based on its components, namely claim (2,224), evidence (1,825) and reasoning (0,378).

The Effect of Whatsapp-Based Blended Problem-Based Learning on Students' Scientific Argument Ability in the Concept of Viruses

The Effect of Whatsapp-Based Blended Problem-Based Learning on Students' Scientific Argument Ability in the Concept of Viruses

Problem-Based Blended Learning Models in Vocational Education: A Developmental Research

This research was motivated by two main problems: (1) the ineffectiveness of courageous learning is often caused by technical problems; and (2) the learning model used by teachers so far has not been effective, innovative, and optimal because it still uses a textual-based problem-based learning model. The purpose of this study was to develop a problem-based blended learning model for computer network engineering subjects at vocational education and to test the validity, practicality, and effectiveness. The development model applied in this study is the 4D development model, namely: (1) define, (2) design, (3) develop, and (4) disseminate. Data collection techniques were carried out through questionnaires to get validation experts, the practicality of teachers and students. Furthermore, the effectiveness of the data was done through a comparison of pretest and posttest values. The results of the calculation of the acquisition of a score reached 0.53 in the moderate category. Therefore, it can be concluded that the learning model of blended learning based on problem based learning in the subjects of computer network engineering in Vocational High Schools has a high level of validity, practicality, effectiveness.

Enhancing Grade 10 Physical Sciences Teachers’ Self-Directedness in Implementing Blended Problem-Based Learning: Designing blended problem-based learning

The concept of self-directedness is a missing link in South African science classrooms, and as a result, science teachers are often not self-directed in employing innovative teaching and learning strategies such as blended problem-based learning (BPBL) that might enhance self-directed learning. Literature is replete with studies showing that science teachers in the United States, Indonesia, and South Africa, to name a few, lack the necessary technological skills to utilise simulations in the teaching and learning of Physical Sciences. This intervention-based explanatory mixed methods study was conducted in one of the nine education provinces of South Africa. Quantitative data were generated using a self-directed learning instrument (SDLI), the Physics Education Technology interactive simulations questionnaire, and a PBL questionnaire. Forty participants were sampled using both cluster and systematic random sampling techniques. Qualitative data were generated through a BPBL scenario, a reflective portfolio, and semi-structured interviews with two purposively selected participants. The quantitative data were analysed using descriptive and parametric statistics. The reflective portfolio was analysed using a performance standards scoring rubric adopted from Smith et al. (2001). The BPBL Scenario Evaluation Schedule and interviews were analysed using Saldaña’s (2013) code-to-theory analytical model. It was concluded that there was a significant difference in participants’ perceptions of PBL, self-directedness, and interactive simulations after attending a teacher professional development intervention (TPDI) and implementing BPBL. The findings show that the utilisation of interactive simulations and PBL in Physical Sciences classrooms were unknown to teachers – suggesting that teachers were not self-directed in implementing BPBL. This study presents a model for designing BPBL activities and an evaluation schedule for assessing those activities for self-directedness in educational practices.

Effect of Applying Blended Problem-Based Learning on Nursing Students' Creativity Levels

Effect of Applying Blended Problem-Based Learning on Nursing Students' Creativity Levels

STUDENTS’ KNOWLEDGE AND PERCEPTION TOWARDS ASYNCHRONOUS BLENDED PROBLEM-BASED LEARNING

Background: Lecture is a dominant learning method that still used in teaching process. This method only focuses to lecturer and does not involving students’ participation enough. Problem Based Learning (PBL) is a learning method that could activate students’ participation, but it has many obstacles on its implementation. Asynchronous blended problem-based learning (ABLE PBL) is an innovative learning method that adopts (Problem Based Learning) PBL learning principles and it is expected to reduce problems in implementing PBL. This study was conducted to analyze the students’ knowledge between ABLE PBL method and lecture and to describe students’ perceptions towards ABLE PBL.Methods: A modified crossover design was conducted to determine students’ knowledge and descriptive study for students’ perception among a total sampling of 44 students who enrolled the third semester at Departement of Midwifery, Diploma Program at Dharma Husada Bandung Health College. It used Mann Whitney test to analyze students’ knowledge to each chapterResult: The result showed that there is no difference significantly of students’ knowledge between two groups for both chapters, ABLE PBL does not influence students’ knowledge but students’s perception about ABLE PBL is positive because the respondent experienced new method of learning. Conclusion: In conclusion, there are no differences between two groups significantly for each chapter with p value bigger than 0.05, yet ABLE PBL could give a positve perception to students.

The Effect of Interactive Blended-Problem Based Learning Assisted Virtual Classroom on Critical Thinking Skills of Students of The Society Era 5.0

Students in society 5.0 era education are directed to have adaptive and reactive response patterns to change through effective synergy as domain systems inaccessibility to technology in developing their skills actively and independently through critical thinking skills. Critical thinking skills as a cognitive domain in identifying, analyzing, and thinking of practical and creative ways to solve problems are needed to develop in the era of global society 5.0. Therefore, teachers are required to design learning processes that can accommodate student competencies in the era of society 5.0, one of which is the implementation of the innovative Interactive Blended Problem-Based Learning (IBPBL) learning model. This study aims to determine the effect of Interactive Blended Problem-Based Learning (IBPBL) assisted by Virtual Classroom on students' critical thinking skills. This type of research is a quasi-experimental study using a posttest-only control group design. The sample in this study used 72 students in class X IPS 2 (n = 36 control class) and X IPS 3 (n = 36 experimental class), Specializing in Social Sciences, SMAN 1 Tempeh, Lumajang Regency, East Java. The data analysis technique used the independent t-test hypothesis test to determine the significance value of the difference in the average treatment given to both the control and experimental classes. The results showed an effect of Interactive Blended Problem-Based Learning (IBPBL) assisted by Virtual Classroom on the critical thinking skills of students with Sig. (2-tailed) 0.000.

Promoting Problem-Solving Skills among Secondary Science Students through Problem Based Learning

This research was informed by a constructivist approach to learning, with a focus on answering the research question: what skills can science teachers promote and encourage among students through designing and implementing problem-based learning in their classrooms? The research was carried out in a co-education secondary school in England and involved fifty-two Key Stage 3 students (second year of secondary education), aged 13 years old. It utilized a theoretical framework of the 3C3R model (3C- content, context, and connection, and 3R- researching, reasoning, and reflecting) in problem-based learning (PBL). Data were collected through lesson observations, interviews, and focus groups. It was analyzed using thematic analysis and the recurrent themes were coded by creating relationships and links to the problem-solving skills promoted by PBL. The study found that the application of prior knowledge, collaborative learning, modeling and eliciting feedback were the skills promoted by PBL and these are valuable in problem-solving. However, collaborative learning was the dominant skill promoted by PBL. Teachers’ pedagogical knowledge and the time students spent researching were limiting factors in promoting problem-based learning, thereby suggesting the need for continuing professional development for teachers and further integration of blended PBL to maximize learning time.