Probiotic-supplemented Groups Research Articles

Novel Synergistic Probiotic Intervention: Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Analysis Reveals Ameliorative Effects on Immunity, Gut Barrier, and Metabolism of Mice during Salmonella typhimurium Infection.

Salmonella typhimurium (S. typhimurium), a prevalent cause of foodborne infection, induces significant changes in the host transcriptome and metabolome. The lack of therapeutics with minimal or no side effects prompts the scientific community to explore alternative therapies. This study investigates the therapeutic potential of a probiotic mixture comprising Lactobacillus acidophilus (L. acidophilus 1.3251) and Lactobacillus plantarum (L. plantarum 9513) against S. typhimurium, utilizing transcriptome and metabolomic analyses, a novel approach that has not been previously documented. Twenty-four SPF-BALB/c mice were divided into four groups: control negative group (CNG); positive control group (CPG); probiotic-supplemented non-challenged group (LAPG); and probiotic-supplemented Salmonella-challenged group (LAPST). An RNA-sequencing analysis of small intestinal (ileum) tissue revealed 2907 upregulated and 394 downregulated DEGs in the LAPST vs. CPG group. A functional analysis of DEGs highlighted their significantly altered gene ontology (GO) terms related to metabolism, gut integrity, cellular development, and immunity (p ≤ 0.05). The KEGG analysis showed that differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the LAPST group were primarily involved in pathways related to gut integrity, immunity, and metabolism, such as MAPK, PI3K-Akt, AMPK, the tryptophan metabolism, the glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism, ECM-receptor interaction, and others. Additionally, the fecal metabolic analysis identified 1215 upregulated and 305 downregulated metabolites in the LAPST vs. CPG group, implying their involvement in KEGG pathways including bile secretion, propanoate metabolism, arginine and proline metabolism, amino acid biosynthesis, and protein digestion and absorption, which are vital for maintaining barrier integrity, immunity, and metabolism. In conclusion, these findings suggest that the administration of a probiotic mixture improves immunity, maintains gut homeostasis and barrier integrity, and enhances metabolism in Salmonella infection.

Dairy-origin Propionibacterium freudenreichii, turkey-origin Lactobacillus salivarius, and a Salmonella typhimurium vaccine elicit comparable colonization resistance on drug-resistant Salmonella serotypes (S. Reading, S. Agona, and S. Saintpaul) in growing turkeys after oral challenge

The emergence of uncommon Salmonella serotypes with the potential to cause foodborne outbreaks linked to turkeys demands sustainable broad-spectrum preharvest safety approaches. We investigated the effects of three preharvest interventions [turkey-origin probiotic, Lactobacillus salivarius UMNPBX2 (LS), dairy-origin probiotic, Propionibacterium freudenreichii subsp. freudenreichii (PF), and a live, attenuated S. Typhimurium vaccine (VC)] against a cluster of three emerging commercial turkey-sourced Salmonella serotypes (S. Reading, S. Saintpaul, and S. Agona) in 6-week-old growing turkeys. Two experiments were conducted. In each experiment, 42, one-day-old turkey poults were randomly distributed into two control groups [Negative control (NC) and Positive control (PC) groups], LS group, PF group, VC group, and two combinations (LSVC = LS+VC and PFVC = PF+VC) groups with ad libitum access to feed and water. Poults in the probiotic-supplemented groups (LS, PF, LSVC, PFVC) received 105 CFU/ml through drinking water until six weeks of age. Poults in the vaccination groups (VC, LSVC, PFVC) received the Salmonella vaccine on day one and two boosters. At week 5, all birds except the NC group were inoculated with 6 log10 CFU/bird Salmonella (three-serotype mixture) by crop gavage. Salmonella was recovered from the cecum, liver, spleen, and crop seven days after inoculation. Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA, and a significant difference was determined at P < 0.05. All treatments significantly reduced Salmonella colonization in the cecum of growing turkeys by 1.4 – 2 log10 CFU/g compared to PC (P < 0.05). Treatments also effectively reduced Salmonella dissemination to the liver and spleen and crop recolonization. No pathological differences between the treatment groups were apparent in histopathology and immunohistochemistry analyses of liver samples. This study indicates the potential of novel preharvest approaches against multiple serotypes of Salmonella colonizing in tandem in commercial growing turkeys.

SCD Probiotics mitigate cafeteria diet-induced liver damage in Wistar rats during development.

The liver plays a critical role in metabolic homeostasis, and its health is often compromised by poor dietary habits. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic potential of SCD Probiotics in mitigating adverse liver effects induced by a cafeteria diet in male Wistar rats during their developmental period. Four groups of seven male Wistar rats each were subjected to different dietary regimens from day 21 (weaning) to day 56. The groups were as follows: a control group on normal feed; a probiotic-supplemented group on normal feed; a group on a cafeteria diet mixed with normal feed; and a group on a cafeteria diet mixed with normal feed, supplemented with SCD Probiotics. Liver health was assessed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and histopathological evaluations. Rats on the cafeteria diet exhibited significant disruptions in lipid, protein, cholesterol, triglyceride levels, and glycogen/phosphate content. Histopathological abnormalities such as lymphocytic infiltration, steatosis, and necrosis were also observed. However, SCD Probiotics supplementation led to notable improvements in the liver's biomolecular composition and mitigated histopathological abnormalities. Serum liver enzyme levels (AST, ALT, ALP, and LDH) also showed beneficial effects, while serum albumin levels remained stable. SCD Probiotics demonstrated a promising potential to counteract the adverse liver effects induced by a cafeteria diet in male Wistar rats. The study revealed significant improvements in biomolecular composition, histopathology, and serum enzyme levels. However, these findings are preliminary and necessitate further in vivo studies and clinical trials for validation.

Fatty Acid Profile and Lipid Quality Indexes of the Meat and Backfat from Porkers Supplemented with EM Bokashi Probiotic.

The study aimed to assess the effect of supplementation of pig diet with the Bokashi probiotic on the fatty acid profile of longissimus lumborum (LL) muscles and backfat. The research involved 120 hybrid pigs deriving from Naïma sows and P-76 boars. The experimental group's pigs received probiotics in their feed (containing Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Lactobacillus casei, and Lactobacillus plantarum). To analyze the fatty acid profile in intramuscular fat (IMF) of LL and backfat, 24 pig carcasses from the control group and 26 from the probiotic-supplemented group were randomly selected. Probiotic supplementation increased the Atherogenic Index, reduced the proportion of C20:4, and increased C12:0 and C18:2 n-6 in IMF LL, without affecting ΣSFA, ΣMUFA, and ΣPUFA. In backfat, probiotic supplementation decreased C18:1 and C18:2 n-6 proportion and increased C18:3 n-3, C20:3 n-6, and C20:4 n-6. These changes resulted in significantly higher ΣMUFA, ΣPUFA, PUFA Σn-3/Σn-6, and lower Saturation Index (SI). From a consumer health and technological point of view, probiotic supplementation improved the lipid profile of backfat to a greater extent than LL muscle. Bokashi, at a dose of 3 g/kg of feed in the last stage of pig production, had no significant effect on the fatty acid profile of the meat.

Effects of Dietary Supplementation of Lactobacillus farciminis and Lactobacillus rhamnosus on Growth and Production Indicators of Broiler Chickens

In response to the 2006 EU ban on the use of antibiotics as growth promoters, researchers have sought alternatives, leading to a focus on the beneficial effects of probiotics on chickens. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the probiotic mixture containing Lactobacillus (L.) farciminis CNCM-I-3699 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus CNCM-I-3698 on the growth, production indicators, and edible organs of broiler chickens. Three trials were conducted, each consisting of 260 newly hatched Ross 308 broiler chicks (males and females) from a commercial hatchery, randomly allocated into control (n = 130) and probiotic-supplemented groups (n = 130). The dietary treatments were basal diet for the control group and basal diet + the mixture of L. farciminis CNCM-I-3699 (2.1010 GU/g) and L. rhamnosus CNCM-I-3698 (2.1010 GU/g) at a rate of 4g/10kg of diet for the probiotic supplemented group. Broilers were raised until day 35 of age, and their body weight and feed intake were recorded on days 1, 7, 14, 21, 28, and 35. All broiler chickens were weighed on the first day. The investigated parameters included average weight gain, feed conversion ratio, cumulative feed intake, and the European Broiler Index. Daily mortality was recorded. The average organ’s relative weight was calculated for each group on days 1, 7, 14, 21, 28, and 35. Although both groups yielded positive results regarding growth and production indicators, no significant differences were observed between the two groups, suggesting that probiotics may not provide expected outcomes when appropriate conditions and age-related requirements are met. The probiotic-supplemented group exhibited significantly accelerated growth in the heart and liver. However, relative organ weights did not differ significantly between the groups.

Utilizing dietary probiotics can boost amberjack (Seriola dumerili) lysozyme activity, antioxidant capacity, and gut microbiota

In aquaculture, natural and eco-friendly resources are prioritized over synthetic inputs (e.g., antibiotics), and optimizing sustainable production methods is necessary. Probiotics have been well known for various potential functions in animal performance and health when supplemented as a single or mix of strain (s) in the diet. Consuming the right probiotic blend (synergistic types) is more advantageous than using each kind individually due to combining each species' functions. The present trial aimed to examine the potential impacts of two probiotic mixtures on the performance and well-being of amberjack juveniles (5.63 ± 0.04 g; Number = 300) for a 60-day feed trial. Three experimental diets (43.5 ± 0.50% total protein and 12.55 ± 0.17% total lipid) were formulated with no probiotics supplement for the control (CD1) or with probiotics mixture supplement. Probiotic mixtures were supplemented at 2 g/kg diet for groups D2 [Bacillus amyloliquefaciens TOA5001 (BA) + Streptococcus faecalis T-110 (SF)] and D3 [Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Streptococcus faecalis T-110, Lactobacillus plantarum TO-A, Bacillus mesentericus TO-A] respectively. The analysis revealed no difference in all means of growth parameters, feed utilization, survival rate, biometric indices, whole-body composition, and blood parameters between control and probiotic-supplemented diet groups. Liver lysozyme activity, superoxide dismutase, peroxidase activity, and biological antioxidant (BAP) were significantly improved in fish fed D2 compared to CD1 (P < 0.05). The higher (P < 0.05) content of intestinal lactic acid bacteria was noted in fish group fed diet D2, with an improved intestinal histological structure such as increased villi length, cryptal depth, and goblet cells compared to those provided with CD1 and D3 diets. In conclusion, incorporating a mix of probiotic bacteria [BA+SF] at a 2 g/kg diet has remarkable effects on intestinal health, immune responses, and oxidative status of amberjack, S. dumerili, suggesting a potential probiotic candidate for this species.

Oral administration of a locally isolated Lactobacillus rhamnosus (NR_113332.1) improves regeneration of extensor digitorum longus muscle in mice

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to examine the effects of probiotic supplementation on extensor digitorum longus (EDL) regeneration after grafting in mice. MethodsEDL muscles were ortho-transplanted in mice. The experimental group was given 1 × 108 colony-forming units/g body weight of Lactobacillus rhamnosus daily after EDL muscle transplantation surgeries. EDL muscle transplants were recovered after 3, 5, 7, and 14 d post-transplantation from the control as well as the experimental animals and processed for histologic analysis. ResultsAt day 3 post-transplantation, the inflammatory cells had infiltrated into the grafted EDL muscles and the central section of the grafted tissue contained necrotic fibers. At day 5 post-transplantation, the concentration of inflammatory cells increased further and degenerative muscle fibers were being replaced with centrally nucleated muscle cells. The average cross-sectional area non-grafted EDL and grafted muscle in the probiotic supplemented mice at day 7 increased to 48% and 23% (P = 0.002), respectively, compared with the respective values in the control animals. Whereas in non-grafted and grafted EDL muscle it could approach 8% and 36% (P = 0.008), respectively at 14 d compared with the corresponding values of the control EDL muscle transplants. The number of muscle fibers in the non-grafted and grafted probiotic-supplemented groups increased to12% and 20% (P = 0.045) at day 7 compared with the control EDL muscle. In non-grafted and grafted EDL muscle, the number of regenerated muscle fibers increased to 73% and 64% (P = 0.110) at day 14 compared with control EDL grafted muscle. ConclusionResults of the present study regarding better regeneration of skeletal muscle fibers in the probiotic-supplemented mice than the control grafts warrant further molecular-level investigation to understand the underlying mechanism mediating the process of skeletal muscle fiber regeneration. Probiotics possibly modulate the process of muscle fiber regeneration by adjusting the composition of gut microbiota.

Six-Month Synbio® Administration Affects Nutritional and Inflammatory Parameters of Older Adults Included in the PROBIOSENIOR Project

The physiological changes associated with ageing contribute to the incidence of diseases, morbidity, and mortality. For modern society, it is essential to find solutions to improve elderly people's health and quality of life. Among promising strategies, the PROBIOSENIOR project proposed a daily six-month supplementation with new probiotic functional foods and nutraceuticals. The aim of this work was to evaluate the modulating effects of the probiotic diet on inflammatory markers and nutritional status. Ninety-seven elderly volunteers were randomly assigned to either a placebo-diet group or a probiotic-diet group (SYNBIO®). Faeces, urine, and blood samples were collected before and after the supplementation to determine serum cytokines, biogenic amines, and inflammation markers. Comparing the results obtained before and after the intervention, probiotic supplementations significantly decreased the TNF-α circulating levels and significantly increased those of IGF-1. Biogenic-amine levels showed high variability, with significant variation only for histamine that decreased after the probiotic supplementation. The supplementation influenced the serum concentration of some crucial cytokines (IL-6, IL-8, and MIP-1α) that significantly decreased in the probiotic group. In addition, the Mini Nutritional Assessment questionnaire revealed that the probiotic-supplemented group had a significant improvement in nutritional status. In conclusion, the PROBIOSENIOR project demonstrated how SYNBIO® supplementation may positively influence some nutritional and inflammatory parameters in the elderly.

The Mixture of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Clostridium butyricum Could Promote Rumen Fermentation and Improve the Growth Performance of Goats in Hot Summer.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of multiple mixing ratio pairs of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (SC) and Clostridium butyricum (CB) on rumen fermentation and growth performance of goats in hot summer. Thirty goats were divided into five groups: 0.00% probiotics (control), 0.30% SC and 0.05% CB (P1), 0.30% SC and 0.10% CB (P2), 0.60% SC and 0.05% CB (P3), and 0.60% SC and 0.10% CB (P4) of the dry matter (DM) weight of the basal diet and were assigned to a 5 × 5 Latin square experimental design. The results showed the pH values, the activities of ruminal cellulolytic enzymes, and the concentrations of ammonia nitrogen, acetic acid, propionic acid, total volatile fatty acids, vitamins B1 and B2, and niacin were significantly increased (p < 0.05) by probiotics. Moreover, the DM intake, average daily gain, the digestibilities of DM, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent fiber were significantly increased (p < 0.05) in probiotic-supplemented groups. Additionally, among all probiotic supplementation groups, the P3 group had the most beneficial effect on rumen fermentation parameters and the growth performance of goats. These results suggested that the mixture of 0.60% Saccharomyces cerevisiae and 0.05% Clostridium butyricum of the DM concentration was beneficial to improve rumen fermentation and promote the growth of goats in hot summer.

A multispecies probiotic modulates growth, digestive enzymes, immunity, hepatic antioxidant activity, and disease resistance of Pangasianodon hypophthalmus fingerlings

An eight-week trial was designed by feeding Pangasianodon hypophthalmus fingerlings on diets supplemented with a multispecies probiotic comprised of three probiotic bacteria (Bacillus subtilis, Lactobacillus plantarum, and Enterococcus faecium) in combination with a probiotic yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). The effects were observed regarding growth, body composition, digestive enzymes, liver function enzymes, serum metabolites, immunological responses, hepatic antioxidant capacity, and resistance to the challenge with Aeromonas hydrophila. Fish (9.54 ± 0.50 g) were allocated into four triplicate groups and were fed on formulated pelleted diets enriched with varying levels of the probiotic as 0.0 (reference or CONT), 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 g per 1 kg feed. After the feeding trial ended, a significant augmentation of the growth performance in terms of the fish's final weight, weight gain and specific growth rate were observed in the probiotic-enriched groups in comparison to the CONT group. There were also improvements in the feed intake and feed conversion ratio. Nevertheless, no variations were noticed in whole-body analysis, liver enzymes (AST, ALT, and ALP), and serum metabolites (blood urea nitrogen, uric acid, and creatinine) among the experimental groups. Meanwhile, digestive enzymes (lipase, amylase, and protease) and enzymatic antioxidant activities (CAT, SOD, and GPx) were increased in all probiotic-supplied groups in comparison with the CONT group. On the other side, hepatic malondialdehyde concentrations declined in probiotic-supplemented groups in relation to the CONT group. An improved immunological response (serum lysozyme activity and total immunoglobulins) was aligned with the higher cumulative survival of P. hypophthalmus in response to the pathogenic A. hydrophila challenge. Taken together, the enhancement of the growth, antioxidant activity, and immunity, aligned with increased resistance to A. hydrophila, can suggest the potentiality of dietary supplementation with a multispecies probiotic composed of probiotic bacteria and yeast to improve the functionality and effectuality of aquadiets prepared for this valuable fish species.

Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus HA-114 improves eating behaviors and mood-related factors in adults with overweight during weight loss: a randomized controlled trial

ABSTRACT Background: Gut microbiota has emerged as a modifiable factor influencing obesity and metabolic diseases. Interventions targeting this microbial community could attenuate biological and psychological comorbidities of excess weight. Objective: Our aim was to determine if Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus HA-114 supplementation accentuated beneficial impact of weight loss on metabolic and cognitive health. Methods: This 12-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial assessed biological markers of energy metabolism, eating behaviors and mood-related factors in 152 adults with overweight receiving L. rhamnosus HA-114 supplementation or placebo, that were also on a dietary intervention inducing a controlled weight loss. Results: Although probiotic supplementation did not potentiate the reduction in body weight or fat mass, a significant decrease in plasma insulin, HOMA-IR, LDL-cholesterol and triglycerides was observed in the probiotic-supplemented group only. With respect to eating behaviors and mood-related factors, beneficial effects were either observed only in the group receiving probiotic supplementation or were significantly greater in this group, including decrease in binge eating tendencies, disinhibition and food-cravings. Conclusion: This study demonstrates the clinical relevance of probiotic supplementation to induce beneficial metabolic and psychological outcomes in individuals with overweight undergoing weight loss. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02962583.

Host-Derived Probiotics Shape the Intestinal Microbial Composition, but not Putative Function in Juvenile Japanese Seabass (Lateolabrax japonicus)

A complex and dynamic microbiota exists in the intestine of fish and plays vital roles in host growth and health. However, the interactions between host originated beneficial bacteria/probiotics with gut microbiota are still largely unknown. The aim of the study is to investigate the impact of two host-derived probiotics, Lactococcus petauri LF3 and Bacillus siamensis LF4, on the intestinal microbiota of juvenile Japanese seabass (Lateolabrax japonicus). Fish were fed the control diet (C), L. petauri LF3 (LF3) and B. siamensis LF4 (LF4) supplemented diets for 6 weeks, and the intestinal microbial composition and function were evaluated by using high-throughput sequencing technology. The relative abundances of certain phyla changed significantly in the probiotic-supplemented groups, Fusobacteria and Proteobacteria decreased, while Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes increased apparently in the groups LF3 and LF4. The apparently increased relative abundances of intestinal possible beneficial Christensenellaceae_R-7_group and Lactobacillus were observed in the groups LF3 and LF4, especially in the group LF4. Compared with the control group (C), Chao1, Ace and Shannon indices enhanced remarkably in groups LF3 and LF4. Intestinal microbiota was determined to have more similarity and lower individual differences based on beta diversity analysis including PCoA, NMDS and UPGMA clustering tree in groups LF3 and LF4 compared with the control group (C). Additionally, Firmicutes as a significant biomarker emerged in the groups LF3 and LF4 compared with the control. The intestinal microbial functions (amino acid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, energy metabolism, membrane transport, etc.) did not alter among all groups based on level-2 KEGG pathways. In summary, host- derived probiotic L. petauri LF3 and B. siamensis LF4 shape the intestinal microbial composition, but not function in juvenile Japanese seabass (L. japonicus).

Microencapsulated and Lyophilized Lactobacillus acidophilus Improved Gut Health and Immune Status of Preruminant Calves.

The present study was conducted to study the effect of microencapsulated, lyophilized, or fermented milk using Lactobacillus acidophilus NCDC15 as a probiotic to improve gut health, growth, nutrient utilization, and immunity status of young crossbred calves. The viable culture of L. acidophilus was used for preparation of different probiotic forms/products. To compare the efficacy of probiotic products, twenty crossbred calves (3-day old) were divided into four groups (n = 5), control (C), fed only milk and basal diet, and treatment groups, supplemented with microencapsulated, fermented, and lyophilized probiotic at 108 colony-forming units, respectively. Probiotic-supplemented groups showed reduction in faecal score, faecal pH, and ammonia concentration as compared to control indicating decreased diarrheal incidence. There was an increase (P < 0.05) in the concentration of faecal lactate and butyrate in the probiotic-supplemented groups. The faecal count (log10 (CFU)/g of fresh faeces) of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria was higher (P < 0.05), whereas faecal coliforms and clostridia count were reduced (P < 0.001) in all the probiotic fed groups as compared to control. The cell-mediated immunity was improved (P < 0.05) in the microencapsulated and fermented probiotic groups. However, there was no effect on the nutrient utilization, average daily gain, and blood biochemical profile. Therefore, it is concluded that the fermented, microencapsulated and lyophilized probiotic products were superior in improving the gut health in terms of its microbiota and metabolites and cell-mediated immunity response in calves, irrespective of form of probiotic. The increased population of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium decreased the colonization of the gut by pathogens such as Escherichia coli and Clostridium by exclusion and production of organic acids in the intestine. This decreased the diarrhoeal incidence (1.3 vs 1.8) and days in diarrhoea (3.9 vs 5.8) in calves in probiotic fed groups as compared to control.

Singular effects of Bacillus subtilis C-3102 or Saccharomyces cerevisiae type 1 on the growth, gut morphology, immunity, and stress resistance of red sea bream (Pagrus major)

Abstract The beneficial effects of Bacillus subtilis C-3102 and Saccharomyces cerevisiae type 1 were tested in red sea bream (Pagrus major) feeds. A basal diet (control) and two other diets were prepared by supplementation with B. subtilis C-3102 (PB) or S. cerevisiae type 1 (PY). After 60 days, both probiotic-supplemented groups exhibited significant enhancement in growth performance, the protein efficiency ratio (PER), and digestive enzyme secretion (protease and amylase) compared to the control group (P&lt;0.05). The anterior, middle, and posterior parts of the intestines exhibited significantly increased values of intestinal fold height (hF), enterocyte height (hE), and microvillus height (hMV) in fish fed PB- or PY-supplemented diets (P&lt;0.05). Serum peroxidase, anti-protease, and bactericidal activities were enhanced significantly in both probiotic-treated groups compared to the control group (P&lt;0.05). Serum and mucus lysozyme activities improved significantly in the PB group compared to the control group (P&lt;0.05). Catalase activity was also significantly decreased in both probiotic groups, with relatively lower activity observed in the PY group (P&lt;0.05). Both probiotic groups showed considerably increased tolerance to freshwater exposure (P&lt;0.05). In conclusion, B. subtilis C-3102 and S. cerevisiae type 1 can be used as functional probiotics to enhance the growth performance, digestion capacity, gut morphology, immune response, and stress resistance of the red sea bream with relatively higher efficiency by B. subtilis C-3102.

Effect of Lactobacillus fermentum MCC2760-Based Probiotic Curd on Hypercholesterolemic C57BL6 Mice.

Lactobacillus fermentum MCC2760 is a probiotic strain proven earlier for cholesterol-reducing and anti-inflammatory properties in vitro and in vivo. This study investigates L. fermentum MCC2760-based probiotic curd in high-cholesterol diet (HCD)-fed C57BL6 mice. The mice were grouped into normal diet control, high-cholesterol diet control, normal diet with probiotic supplementation, and high-cholesterol diet with probiotic supplementation. Control groups and treatment groups were supplemented with market curd and probiotic curd, respectively, via oral gavage for eight weeks. The probiotic count was maintained at 10.95 log CFU/mL in the developed probiotic curd. The HCD group showed an increase in feed intake and body weight. Reduction in the levels of serum cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, glucose, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine transaminase was observed in probiotic-supplemented groups. The probiotic-supplemented group resulted in an increase in Lactobacillus spp. count along with reduced pathogen count in the feces. Probiotic supplementation also showed a reduction in the bacterial translocation count in mesenteric adipose tissue. Expression of inflammatory markers by qPCR showed the decline in the fold change of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-12 and elevation in the fold change of IL-10 in the adipose tissue of the probiotic-treated group. Probiotic supplementation also improved the expression of GLP-1, ZO-1, and CB2 in the intestine. They were thus possibly playing a role in the enhancement of barrier function. Histopathological sections showed improvement in the cellular infiltration and pathological indications due to the high-cholesterol diet intake. Our study also confirmed that probiotics could increase serum antioxidant enzymes in treated groups, showing their beneficial antioxidant activity. It suggests the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant effect, and gut barrier function of the given probiotic formulation, which ameliorate hypercholesterolemia.

The effect of probiotic supplementation on performance, inflammatory markers and gastro\u2010intestinal symptoms in elite road cyclists

BackgroundElite athletes may suffer from impaired immune function and gastro-intestinal (GI) symptoms, which may affect their health and may impede their performance. These symptoms may be reduced by multi-strain probiotic supplementation. Therefore, the aim of the current study is to examine the effects of probiotic supplementation on aerobic fitness characteristics, inflammatory markers and incidence and severity of GI symptoms in elite cyclists.MethodsTwenty-seven male cyclists, ranked elite or category 1 level competitions, were randomly assigned to a multi-strain probiotic-supplemented group (E, n = 11) or placebo group (C, n = 16). All participants visited the laboratory at the beginning of the study and following 90 d of supplementation/placebo. Prior to testing, all participants completed a GI symptoms questionnaire and underwent physical and medical examination, and anthropometric measurements. Venous blood was drawn for inflammatory markers analysis. The cyclists then underwent maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) test and time-to-fatigue (TTF) test at 85 % of maximal power, 3 h following the VO2max test. All testing procedures were repeated after 90 d of probiotic / placebo treatment (double blind design).ResultsLower incidence of nausea, belching, and vomiting (P < 0.05) at rest, and decreased incidence of GI symptoms during training were found in E group vs. C Group, respectively (∆GI -0.27 ± 0.47 % vs. 0.08 ± 0.29 %, P = 0.03), no significant changes were observed in the incidence of total overall GI symptoms (∆GI -5.6 ± 14.7 % vs. 2.6 ± 11.6 %, P = 0.602) Mean rate of perceived exertion (RPE) values during the TTF were lower in E group (∆RPE: -0.3 ± 0.9 vs. 0.8 ± 1.5, P = 0.04). No significant changes were measured between and within groups in VO2max and TTF values, mean levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), IL-6-and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) values following treatment.ConclusionsProbiotics supplementation may have beneficial effects on GI symptoms in elite cyclists. Future studies, using higher doses and during different training seasons, might help understanding the effects of probiotic supplementation on elite athletes’ health and performance.Trial registrationNIH clinicaltrial.gov#NCT02756221 Registered 25 April 2016.

Cloacal temperature responses of broiler chickens administered with fisetin and probiotic (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and exposed to heat stress

Abstract There is dearth information on the role of fisetin as an antistress agent in ameliorating heat stress in broiler chickens. Here, we experimentally compared probiotic, an antioxidant and antistress agent, with fisetin, an antioxidant agent with little or no report on its antistress effect. Sixty-day-old broiler chickens (Arbo Acre breed) were allotted into 4 groups of 15 birds each as follows; control, fisetin, probiotic, and fisetin + probiotic groups, respectively. All administrations were performed orally through gavage for the treatment groups. The environmental and cloacal temperature (CT) parameters were measured bi-hourly at Days 21, 28, and 35 from 7:00 to 7:00 hr, during the period of study. The environmental parameters exceeded the thermoneutral zone for broiler chickens. The probiotic-supplemented group had the least overall mean CT values all through the experimental period. Based on our findings, fisetin was not a potent antistress agent in mitigating heat stress in birds.

Effect of probiotic and fisetin supplementation on performance, carcass characteristics and small intestinal morphology in broiler chickens

Abstract We studied the dietary effects of probiotic and fisetin supplementation on performance parameters, carcass characteristics and small intestinal morphology in broiler chickens. Sixty (one-day-old) Arbo Acre breed of broiler chickens were allotted into 4 groups of 15 each randomly: Group I, Control was administered only distilled water; Group II, fisetin (5 mg/kg); Group III, probiotic (4.125×106 cfu/100 mL); and Group IV, probiotic and fisetin (4.125×106 cfu/100 mL and 5 mg/kg, respectively) for the first one week of life. All administrations were performed orally through gavage. Broiler chickens supplemented with probiotic and probiotic+fisetin had greater feed intake significantly (P&lt;0.05) at weeks 5 and 6, when compared respectively with those of the control and fisetin groups which had lesser feed intake values. Body weight gain was of great significance (P&lt;0.05) in the probiotic-supplemented broiler chickens, while that of the control was less. Carcass quality of the probiotic-supplemented group was higher in significance (P&lt;0.05) than any other treatment group which had lower qualities. The pH changes in the breast muscle was lesser significantly (P&lt;0.05) in the probiotic+fisetin group, when compared with those of the control group which had greater changes. The villus height/crypt height ratio was higher in significance (P&lt;0.05) in the treatment groups, while that of the control group was lower. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of probiotic may enhance broiler chickens’ productivity, by improving performance, carcass weight, pH, and small intestinal morphology as compared to fisetin supplementation.

Effects of dietary supplementation of Lactobacillus fermentum URLP18 on growth, innate immunity and survival against Aeromonas hydrophila ATCC 7966 challenge in freshwater fish Cyprinus carpio (common carp)

Probiotics utilization in aquaculture is getting great potential due to their functional attributes. The present study elucidates the effects of dietary supplementation of probiotic Lactobacillus fermentum URLP18 on growth performance, antioxidants, haematological indices, immune regulatory gene expression and disease resistance in juveniles of Cyprinus carpio. Fish were fed for 60 days with basal diet (BD) and diet supplemented with L. fermentum URLP18 at 2 × 108 CFU/g (DI) and 2 × 106 CFU/g (DII). Dietary supplementation of the selected probiotic showed significant increases in weight gain, specific growth rate, protein efficiency ratio, feed efficiency ratio (FER) and decreases in feed conversion ratio of C. carpio fed diet containing 2 × 108 CFU/g (DI). L. fermentum URLP18-supplemented groups showed better haematological parameters such as red blood cell, white blood cell count, haematocrit (Hct) and haemoglobin (Hb) level relative to the BD group. A significant increase in the total serum protein and lower liver enzyme profile (ALT and AST) was noticed in probiotic-supplemented groups. Pro-inflammatory gene expression was significantly upregulated in L. fermentum URLP18 group. Likewise, supplementation of L. fermentum URLP18 at 2 × 108 CFU/g showed resistant against Aeromonas hydrophila infection and highest survival rate (88.09%) was observed. In conclusion, diet-supplemented L. fermentum URLP18 at 2 × 108 CFU/g showed improved diet digestibility and resulted in better growth performance and FER in C. carpio. Haematological indices and total serum protein, antioxidant gene expression profile depicted the role of L. fermentum URLP18 through enhanced non-specific immunity and health status of C. carpio.

Effects of xylanase and probiotic supplementation on broiler chicken diets

ABSTRACT The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of xylanase and probiotic supplementation on the performance, carcass characteristics, intestinal pH, intestinal viscosity, and ileal microbiota of broiler chickens fed diets containing wheat bran. The study animals were kept in metal cages, and the study was performed using a completely randomized design, with four treatments, six birds per treatment, and six replicates. The four treatments included a control group, a probiotic-supplemented group, a xylanase-supplemented group, and a [...]