Probiotic Biomass Research Articles

Strategies for producing probiotic biomass and postbiotics from Akkermansia muciniphila in submerged cultivations incorporating prebiotic sources.

This research propounds an innovative technology focused on sustainability to increase the biomass yield of Akkermansia muciniphila, the next-generation probiotic, using prebiotic sources to replace or reduce animal mucin levels. A series of experimental design approaches were developed aiming to optimize the growth of Akkermansiamuciniphila by incorporating extracts of green leafy vegetables and edible mushroom into the cultivation media. Experiments using kale extract (KE), Brassica oleracea L., associated with lyophilized mushroom extract (LME) of Pleurotus ostreatus were the most promising, highlighting the assays with 0.376% KE and 0.423% LME or 1.05% KE and 0.5% LME, in which 3.5 × 1010 CFU (Colony Forming Units) mL- 1 was achieved - higher than in experiments in optimized synthetic media. Such results enhance the potential of using KE and LME not only as mucin substitutes, but also as a source to increase Akkermansia muciniphila biomass yields and release short-chain fatty acids. The work is relevant to the food and pharmaceutical industries in the preparation of the probiotic ingredient.

Vegan grade medium component screening and concentration optimization for the fermentation of the probiotic strain Lactobacillus paracasei IMC 502® using Design of Experiments.

Lactobacillus paracasei IMC502® is a commercially successful probiotic strain. However, there are no reports that investigate growth medium composition in relation to improved biomass production for this strain. The major outcome of the present study is the design and optimization of a growth medium based on vegan components to be used in the cultivation of Lactobacillus paracasei IMC502®, by using Design of Experiments. Besides comparing different carbon sources, the use of plant-based peptones as nitrogen sources was considered. In particular, the use of guar peptone as the main nitrogen source, in the optimization of fermentation media for the production of probiotics, could replace other plant peptones (e.g. potato, rice, wheat, and soy) which are part of the human diet, thereby avoiding an increase in product and process prices. A model with R2 and adjusted R2 values higher than 95% was obtained. Model accuracy was equal to 94.11%. The vegan-optimized culture medium described in this study increased biomass production by about 65% compared to growth on De Man-Rogosa-Sharpe (MRS) medium. Moreover, this approach showed that most of the salts and trace elements generally present in MRS are not affecting biomass production, thus a simplified medium preparation can be proposed with higher probiotic biomass yield and titer. The possibility to obtain viable lactic acid bacteria at high density from vegetable derived nutrients will be of great interest to specific consumer communities, opening the way to follow this approach with other probiotics of impact for human health.

Predicting the Production of Probiotic Biomass and Lactic Acid via Fuzzy Logic during the Anaerobic Treatment of Swine Waste ( Sus domestica ) with Lactobacillus acidophilus

Predicting the Production of Probiotic Biomass and Lactic Acid via Fuzzy Logic during the Anaerobic Treatment of Swine Waste ( <i>Sus domestica</i> ) with <i>Lactobacillus</i> <i>acidophilus</i>

Effect of prebiotics on thermally acclimatized lactobacilli cultures and their application as synbiotics in RTD fruit drinks.

In this study, the effect of prebiotics such as fructooligosaccharides (FOS), galactooligosaccharides (GOS), isomaltooligosaccharides (IMO), and inulin on the probiotic biomass and its probiotic properties were studied for thermally acclimatized Lactobacillus helveticus (H-45) and Lacticaseibacillus casei N (N-45) strains at 45℃ using adaptive laboratory evolution method. Among the prebiotics studied, GOS was found to be more suitable for synbiotic preparation. The tolerance of lactobacilli cultures H-45 and N-45 in the presence of acid and bile were 4.79 and 8.60% and 2.84 and 4.65% higher than their wild-type strains (H-37 and N-37). Similarly, H-45 and N-45 showed an increase in survivability of 5.29 and 8.63% under simulated gastric conditions and 9.21 and 7.70% under simulated intestinal conditions than H-37 and N-37. Propionic acid yield increased by 0.65-fold in N-45 compared to N-37 in the presence of GOS as a prebiotic, whereas H-37 showed 0.26-fold higher propionic acid production than H-45. Thermally acclimatized strain N-45 showed better survivability under stress conditions than H-45. The synbiotic combination of N45 + GOS was spray-dried using corn starch (CS) as carrier material to obtain spray-dried synbiotic powder (N45 + CS + GOS). This synbiotic powder was added to the ready-to-drink (RTD) fruit drinks prepared from five fruit-flavoured squashes (pineapple, orange, grape, mango, and lemon ginger). The varied amounts of added synbiotic powder did not significantly alter the physicochemical properties of the fruit drinks. Hence, synbiotic formulation N45 + GOS + CS may find application in developing various functional foods.

Amelioration of experimental colitis by a site-specific novel plant polysaccharide (Opuntia ficusindica) based macroparticles contains probiotic biomass and mesalazine

The availability of therapeutic substances at colonic regions is always challenging for researchers. In this work, we aimed to evaluate the colon-targeting ability of mesalazine and probiotic biomass using Opuntia ficusindica polysaccharide. The present work will explore the application of novel plant polysaccharides as a rate-controlling polymer for colon drug delivery. Opuntia ficusindica polysaccharide was extracted and evaluated for the in-vitro toxicity study on HT-29 cell lines. Drug-loaded macroparticles were prepared and compressed into the tablet. In-vitro drug release was determined in simulated gastric fluid. Disease models were developed in Sprague Dawley rats to determine the efficacy of prepared formulation in the presence of probiotic biomass. Colon targeting efficiency of 99mTc-pertechnetate labeled mesalazine was monitored in human volunteers. Investigation of the polysaccharide's in-vitro toxicity revealed that the polysaccharide was safe for colon applications. Drug release data increased (p < 0.05) in the presence of rat cecal material at 6 h. The study also revealed that drug release from the different batches was directly proportional to polysaccharide concentration. In-vivo animal study confirms the better prevention of the disease in the presence of probiotic mass and drug. Gamma scintigraphy further supports the minimal drug release from the radiolabeled formulation in the upper gastrointestinal tract (GIT), despite the fact that it started drug release after 360 min, which was then disseminated during the subsequent 720–960 min in the colon. The study shows that Opuntia ficusindica polysaccharide can be used to deliver mesalazine to the colon.

Preparation of Hydrolyzed Sugarcane Molasses as a Low-Cost Medium for the Mass Production of Probiotic Lactobacillus paracasei ssp. paracasei F19

In this study, sugarcane molasses (SCM) was pre-treated in a low-cost fermentation medium to produce probiotic biomass of Lactobacillus paracasei ssp. paracasei F19 (LPPF19) with the combination of dilution, centrifugation, and acid hydrolysis (5 molar sulfuric acid, 60 °C/2 h). Microtox analysis, inductively coupled mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were used to measure the effects of SCM pretreatment on the fermentation process. The results showed that the hydrolysis of sucrose into glucose and fructose was 98%, which represented an increase of 44.4% in the initial glucose content (fermentation-limiting sugar), and harmful heavy metals, such as arsenic, cadmium, and lead, were reduced by 50.3, 60.0, and 64.3%, respectively. After pretreatment, with the supplementation of only yeast extract and salts (Na, K, Mg, and Mn), a biomass of 9.58 log CFU/mL was achieved, approximately ten times higher than that for the control medium used (MRS/DeMan, Rogosa, and Sharpe). The cost reduction achieved compared to this commercial medium was 68.7% in the laboratory and 78.9% on an industrial scale. This work demonstrated that SCM could be used in a cheaper and more effective alternative fermentation to produce LPPF19.

Cheese whey permeate valorization using sequential fermentations: case study performed in the Western Region of Paraná

Sooro Renner Nutrição S.A. company is found in the Western Region of Paraná/Brazil, which is highlighted nationally and in Latin America concerning the production of whey protein concentrate (WPC). During the production of WPC, performed in ultrafiltration membranes, the subproduct cheese whey permeate (CWP) is generated, which is rich in nutrients, such as lactose, minerals, and vitamins. This subproduct is reported as a potential culture medium to grow microorganisms. Thus, this research, performed in partnership with the Sooro company, aimed to develop biotechnological products employing sequential fermentations to fully use this subproduct bioconverting the ethanol obtained from CWP into vinegar employing the acetic bacterium Acetobacter aceti and different methods - Orleans, aerated, and stirred. The biotransformation into ethanol was performed by Kluyveromyces marxianus (alcoholic fermentation step) using a 2³ factorial experimental design to investigate the influence of lactose concentration, temperature, and pH. The maximum ethanol production was 47.18±0.05 g L-1, employing the conditions 88 g L-1 of lactose, 29 °C, and pH 4.5 in 45 h. Besides ethanol, probiotic cellular biomass, prebiotic galacto-oligosaccharides, and organic acids were also produced. In the oxidation stage, the Orleans method presented the best production: 42.30±0.08 g L-1 of acetic acid in 21 days. After this production, reductions of chemical oxygen demand and biochemical oxygen demand of the CWP were 60 and 65%, respectively. The results showed the great potential of CWP as a fermentation medium to obtain biotechnological products as a rentable and viable alternative to fully use CWP.

A biorefinery concept for the production of fuel ethanol, probiotic yeast, and whey protein from a by-product of the cheese industry.

Agroindustrial by-products and residues can be transformed into valuable compounds in biorefineries. Here, we present a new concept: production of fuel ethanol, whey protein, and probiotic yeast from cheese whey. An initial screening under industrially relevant conditions, involving thirty Kluyveromyces marxianus strains, was carried out using spot assays to evaluate their capacity to grow on cheese whey or on whey permeate (100 g lactose/L), under aerobic or anaerobic conditions, in the absence or presence of 5% ethanol, at pH 5.8 or pH 2.5. The four best growing K. marxianus strains were selected and further evaluated in a miniaturized industrial fermentation process using reconstituted whey permeate (100 g lactose/L) with cell recycling (involving sulfuric acid treatment). After five consecutive fermentation cycles, the ethanol yield on sugar reached 90% of the theoretical maximum in the best cases, with 90% cell viability. Cells harvested at this point displayed probiotic properties such as the capacity to survive the passage through the gastrointestinal tract and capacity to modulate the innate immune response of intestinal epithelium, both in vitro. Furthermore, the CIDCA 9121 strain was able to protect against histopathological damage in an animal model of acute colitis. Our findings demonstrate that K. marxianus CIDCA 9121 is capable of efficiently fermenting the lactose present in whey permeate to ethanol and that the remaining yeast biomass has probiotic properties, enabling an integrated process for the obtainment of whey protein (WP), fuel ethanol, and probiotics from cheese whey.Key points• K. marxianus-selected strains ferment whey permeate with 90% ethanol yield.• Industrial fermentation conditions do not affect selected yeast probiotic capacity.• Whey permeate, fuel ethanol, and probiotic biomass can be obtained in a biorefinery.

Cisplatin and Probiotic Biomass Loaded Pessaries for the Management of Cervical Cancer.

Cancer is a type of disease, in which the growth of cells is abnormal and uncontrolled. One of the most common cancers among women is cervical cancer. In India, cervical cancer is one of leading causes of cancer mortality among women 30 to 69 years of age, accounting for 17% of all cancer deaths. The work present here shows the combined effects of anticancer drug along with probiotics to circumvent the side effects associated with chemotherapy and to enhance the therapeutic effect. Cisplatin and drug loaded pessaries were prepared by melt mold method using the blend of PEG's (Polyethylene Glycol) and further characterized for various in vitro and in vivo parameters. The free radical scavenging activity of probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus by DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) assay was observed to be 60.77μg/mL The mean weight variation, melting time, content uniformity, friability and hardness of the prepared pessary were 1.25±0.025mg, 10.86±0.64min, 99.89±0.74, 0.25%, 2.2kg/cm2. Histopathology studies presented that the developed formulation are safe for local delivery of cisplatin. This study provides the basis for a combination of local delivery approach along with the beneficial effects of probiotic strain which could be better a approach for the treatment of cervical cancer.

The synergistic effect of cell wall extracted from probiotic biomass containing Lactobacillus acidophilus CL1285, L. casei LBC80R, and L. rhamnosus CLR2 on the anticancer activity of cranberry juice-HPLC fractions.

Anticancer effects were evaluated on three HPLC fractions obtained from a concentrated cranberry juice and cell wall constituents extracted from a probiotic biomass containing Lactobacillus acidophilus CL1285, Lactobacillus casei LBC80R, and Lactobacillus rhamnosus CLR2. The samples were tested at increasing concentrations for the antiproliferative assay using HT-29 cells' line and for the quinone reductase (QR) assay using Hepa-1c1c7 murine hepatoma cells. Fraction 1 (F1) which is highly concentrated with phenolic acids inhibited the growth of the HT-29 cells' line with IC50 values of 14.80µg Gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/ml. The fraction 3 (F3) which is highly concentrated in flavonols had potency as QR inducer. Furthermore, the results showed that all cranberry fractions combined with cell wall constituents extracted from the probiotic biomass were more effective in inhibiting the growth of HT-29 as compared to the cranberry fractions tested alone, indicating a possible synergy effect between these bio-functional compounds. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: This study strongly evidenced that cranberry juice fractions combined with cell wall constituents extracted from the probiotic biomass can be used as a potent preventive functional compound against colorectal cancer. Therefore, this research proposes a natural dietary compound to prevent mutagenesis and carcinogenesis of colorectal cancer. Furthermore, the industry can formulae products containing probiotic and phenolic compounds as colon cancer cell growth preventive and anticancer products.

Probiotics and smectite absorbent gel formulation reduce liver stiffness, transaminase and cytokine levels in NAFLD associated with type 2 diabetes: a randomized clinical study

Introduction. In double-blind single center randomized clinical trial (RCT), the efficacy of alive probiotics sup­plementation with smectite gel vs. placebo in type 2 diabetes patient with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) detected on ultrasonography (US) were studied. Material and methods. A total of 50 patients met the criteria for inclusion. They were randomly assigned to receive Symbiter Forte combination of probiotic biomass with smectite gel (250 mg) or placebo for 8-weeks. The primary main outcomes were the change in fatty liver index (FLI) and liver stiffness (LS) meas­ured by shear wave elastography (SWE). Secondary outcomes were the changes in transaminases activity, serum lipids and cytokines levels. Results. All subjects completed the study and received more than 90% of prescribed sachets. In respect to our primary endpoints, FLI and LS insignificant de­crease in both interventional and placebo groups. However, when we compare mean changes across groups from baseline, expressed in absolute values, the reduction of both LS (–0.254 ± 0.85 vs. 0.262 ± 0.77; p = 0.031) were observed. Analysis of sec­ondary outcomes showed that co-administration of probiotic with smectite lead to significant reduction of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate amino­transferase (AST), total cholesterol, IL-1b, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-a) after 8 weeks. Conclusion. In this RCT, we confirmed previously re­ported animal data, showing that co-administration of probiotic with smectite manifested with reduction of LS, liver transaminases and chronic systemic inflam­mation.

Spray dried formulation of mesalamine embedded with probiotic biomass for the treatment of ulcerative colitis: in-vitro and in-vivo studies

This study is using the targeted approach and anti-inflammatory action of the probiotic biomass to lessen the side effects of therapeutic agents of ulcerative colitis. The aim of the present study is to prepare mesalamine loaded eudragit S-100 with probiotic microparticles by spray drying method. The in-vitro release of the optimized formulation was 90.55 ± 2.42 in 24 hr, which display controlled drug release of mesalamine at a particular region. Mesalamine loaded eudragit S-100 with probiotic microparticles (F12) presented average particle size of 4.91 µm. The statistical analysis was done by one way ANOVA and then comparison test of Bonferroni was done and p values <.05 were considered as significant. The effects of spray dried microparticles over inflamed Caco-2 cell were also evaluated by determining the concentration of IL-8. From in-vivo study it was seen that pretreatment of mesalamine with probiotic prevents DNBS (Dinitrobenzenesulfonic acid) induced colitis in rats and represents protective action against ulcerative colitis because of its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions. The results give the foundation for a combination of targeted approach along with the anti-inflammatory potential of the probiotic which might help to decrease the problems which are seen with the traditional cure and management of ulcerative colitis.

Utilization of stillages from bioethanol production on various substrates

Stillage is a main by-product of the bioethanol industry and, depending on the origin of substrates for bioethanol production, it can be a significant pollutant affecting the profitability of bioethanol production. Directing the stillage towards the production of bio-based chemicals or high-quality feed is a preferred strategy. In this paper, a complete utilization of stillages of different origins was assessed. Thin stillages from bioethanol production from molasses, wasted bread and corn were chemically characterized, evaluated and compared as substrates for lactic acid (LA) and probiotic biomass production by Lactobacillus rhamnosus ATCC 7469, while solid fractions of wasted bread and corn stillages were analyzed for feed. The impact of pH control using CaCO3 or NaOH was also examined, both in terms of LA production and valorization of the remains generated in each process.A maximal LA productivity of 1.14 g/(L h) was obtained on thin wasted bread stillage with pH control by NaOH while the number of viable probiotic bacterial cells was above 109 CFU/mL. The composition of the solid fraction of the wasted bread stillage was complementary with the needs of monogastric animals, while the solid fraction of corn stillage was more adequate for the nutritional requirements of ruminants.

Beneficial effects of probiotic combination with omega-3 fatty acids in NAFLD: a randomized clinical study.

The manipulation of gut microbiota via administration of probiotics has been proposed as a potential strategy for the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Hence, we performed a double-blind single center randomized placebo-controlled trial (RCT) to evaluate the efficacy of coadministration of probiotics with omega-3 vs. placebo in type-2 diabetic patients with NAFLD. A total of 48 patients met the criteria for inclusion. They were randomly assigned to receive "Symbiter Omega" combination of probiotic biomass supplemented with flax and wheat germ oil (250 mg of each, concentration of omega-3 fatty acids 1-5%) or placebo for 8-weeks. The primary main outcomes were the change in fatty liver index (FLI) and liver stiffness (LS) measured by Shear Wave Elastography (SWE). Secondary outcomes were the changes in transaminases level, serum lipids and cytokines levels. In probiotic-omega group, FLI significantly decreased from 83.53±2.60 to 76.26±2.96 (P<0.001) while no significant changes were observed in the placebo group (82.86±2.45 to 81.09±2.84; P=0.156). Changes of LS in both groups were insignificant. Analysis of secondary outcomes showed that the coadministration of probiotics with omega-3 lead to significant reduction of serum gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, triglycerides, and total cholesterol. Chronic systemic inflammatory markers after intervention decrease significantly only in Symbiter Omega group: IL-1β (P=0.029), TNF-α (P<0.001), IL-8 (P=0.029), IL-6 (P=0.003), and INF-γ (P=0.016). Coadministration of a live multi-strain probiotic mixture with omega-3 fatty acids once daily for 8 weeks to patients with NAFLD can reduce liver fat, improve serum lipids, metabolic profile, and reduce chronic systemic inflammatory state.

Production of a highly concentrated probiotic culture of Lactococcus lactis CECT 539 containing high amounts of nisin.

In this study, probiotic biomass and nisin productions by Lactococcus lactis CECT 539 were followed in two realkalized fed-batch cultures in diluted whey (DW) supplemented with KH2PO4 up to a total phosphorus concentration of 0.459g/L. Increased biomass (5.12g/L, 2.18 × 1010 CFU/mL) and nisin (235.23 BU/mL) concentrations were obtained in the culture fed concentrated whey and concentrated mussel processing waste (CMPW) medium supplemented with glucose up to a concentration of 400g/L (CMPW + G medium) compared with similar fed-batch fermentations in DW medium. In the second fed-batch fermentation, the feeding medium CMPW + G was supplemented with KH2PO4 up to a TP concentration of 3.21g/L. With this approach, increased production of biomass (5.49g/L, 2.33 × 1010 CFU/mL) and nisin (257.59 BU/mL) was obtained. Considering the substantial availability of these wastes at very low prices from local dairy and mussel processing plants in Galicia, their use as culture media could offer an attractive alternative for a low-cost production of probiotic biomass and nisin at a high scale.

Probiotics and nutraceuticals as a new frontier in obesity prevention and management

IntroductionThe beneficial interaction between the microbiota and humans is how bacteria contained within the gut ‘talk’ to the immune system and in this landscape, probiotics and nutraceuticals play a major role. The study aims to determine whether probiotics plus nutraceuticals such as smectite or omega-3 are superior to probiotic alone on the monosodium glutamate (MSG) induced obesity model in rats. MethodsTotally, 75 rats divided into five groups were included (n = 15, in each). Rats in group I were intact. Newborn rats in groups II–V were injected with MSG. Group III (Symbiter) received 2.5 ml/kg of multiprobiotic “Symbiter” containing concentrated biomass of 14 probiotic bacteria genera. Groups IV (Symbiter-Omega) and V (Symbiter-Smectite) received a combination of probiotic biomass supplemented with flax and wheat germ oil (250 mg of each, concentration of omega-3 fatty acids 1–5%) or smectite gel (250 mg), respectively. ResultsIn all interventional groups, significant reductions of total body and visceral adipose tissue weight as compared to MSG-obesity were observed. However, the lowest prevalence of obesity was noted for Symbiter-Omega (20% vs 33.3% as compared to other interventional groups). Moreover, supplementation of probiotics with omega-3 lead to a more pronounced decrease in HOMA-IR (2.31 ± 0.13 vs 4.02 ± 0.33, p < 0.001) and elevation of adiponectin levels (5.67 ± 0.39 vs 2.61 ± 0.27, P < 0.001), compared to the obesity group. ConclusionProbiotics and nutraceuticals led to a significantly lower prevalence of obesity, reduction of insulin resistance, total and VAT weight. Our study demonstrated that supplementation of probiotics with omega-3 may have the most beneficial antiobesity properties.

Efficacy of Probiotics and Smectite in Rats with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Introduction and aim. Today probiotics have been suggested as a treatment for the prevention of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Smectite is a natural silicate that binds to digestive mucous and has the ability to bind endo- and exotoxins. The present study was designed to determine whether probiotics plus smectite is superior to probiotic alone on the monosodium glutamate (MSG) induced NAFLD model in rats.Materials and methods. We included 60 rats divided into 4 groups 15 animals in each. Rats of group I were intact. Newborns rats of groups II-IV were injected with MSG. The III (Symbiter) group received 2.5 ml/kg of multiprobiotic “Symbiter” containing concentrated biomass of 14 probiotic bacteria genera. The IV (Symbiter+Smectite) groups received “Symbiter Forte” combination of probiotic biomass with smectite gel (250 mg).Results. In both interventional groups reduction of total NAS score as compared to MSG-obesity was observed. Indeed similar values of steatosis score (0.93 ± 0.22 vs. 0.87 ± 0.16) in both treatment groups, we observed that lower total score for Symbiter+ Smectite are associated with more pronounced reduction of lobular inflammation (0.13 ± 0.09 vs. 0.33 ± 0.15) as compared to administration of probiotic alone. This data accompanied with significant reduction of IL-1 and restoration of IL-10 between these 2 groups.Conclusions. Additional to alive probiotic administration of smectite gel due to his absorbent activity and mucus layer stabilization properties can impact on synergistic enhancement of single effect which manifested with reduction of lobular inflammation and at list partly steatohepatitis prevention.

Spray Dried Formulation of 5-Fluorouracil Embedded with Probiotic Biomass: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies.

The present study is utilizing the targeted therapeutic approach and antioxidant potential of selected probiotic biomass in mitigating toxic side effects of chemotherapeutic agents. Multicomponent carrier system consisting of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and selected probiotic strain with higher free radical scavenging activity was prepared using spray drying technique. Prepared spray dried microparticles were characterized for various physical, pharmaceutical, and biopharmaceutical properties including particle size, moisture content, entrapment efficiency, in vitro drug release, DSC, XRD, cell uptake, histopathology, and pharmacokinetic studies. In addition to the above, optimized formulation was subjected to in vivo targeting efficacy studies using radiographic technique. Optimized formulation meets the necessary physical requirement for pharmaceutical powder. X-ray studies revealed that the prepared spray dried formulations are able to target the colon. Pharmacokinetic endpoints with an extended t 1/2 and lower C max indicate lower systemic toxicity. Intact nature of colonic epithelium in experimental formulation clearly demonstrates the protective role of Lactobacillus rhamnosus in minimizing the harmful consequence induced by 5-FU. Existing outcomes provide the basis for a combination of targeted therapeutic approach with natural antioxidant capacity of potential probiotic strain which could help to mitigate the problems associated with traditional chemotherapy.

Sugar beet pulp as a carrier for Lactobacillus paracasei in lactic acid fermentation of agro-industrial waste

Lactic acid (LA) has gained considerable importance in the global market due to a wide range of applications. Because of the growing demand for food and feed, the use of lignocellulosic residues, by-products and waste streams is highly needed for commercial LA production. This study investigated the possibility of using potato stillage and sugar beet molasses for LA and biomass production by Lactobacillus paracasei NRRL B-4564 immobilized on sugar beet pulp. Adsorption of L. paracasei enabled easy separation of bacterial biomass from the fermentation media and its efficient reuse in three successive batch cycles. Total LA concentration of 146 g L-1 and average productivity of 1.03 g L-1 h-1 were achieved on waste substrate using bacterial cells immobilized on a natural carrier without mineral and nitrogen supplementation. The solid part of fermentation media remaining after LA fermentation is a valuable co-product, which could be used as animal feed rich in probiotic biomass.

Probiotics Supplemented with Omega-3 Fatty Acids are More Effective for Hepatic Steatosis Reduction in an Animal Model of Obesity.

Today probiotics have been suggested as a treatment for the prevention of NAFLD. Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation may have beneficial effects in regulating hepatic lipid metabolism, adipose tissue function and inflammation. The present study was designed to determine whether probiotics plus omega-3 are superior to probiotics alone on the monosodium glutamate (MSG)-induced NAFLD model in rats. We included 60 rats divided into four groups, 15 animals in each. Rats of group I were intact. Newborn rats of groups II-IV were injected with MSG. The III (Symbiter) group received 2.5ml/kg of multiprobiotic "Symbiter" containing concentrated biomass of 14 probiotic bacteria genera. The IV (Symbiter-Omega) groups received "Symbiter-Omega" combination of probiotic biomass supplemented with flax and wheat germ oil (250mg of each, concentration of omega-3 fatty acids 1-5%). In both interventional groups reduction in total NAS score was observed. Supplementation of alive probiotic mixture with omega-3 fatty acids lead to 20% higher decrease in steatosis score (0.73±0.11 vs 0.93±0.22, p=0.848) and reduction by 16.6% of triglycerides content in liver as compared to probiotic alone. Our study demonstrated more pronounced reduction in hepatic steatosis and hepatic lipid accumulation after treatment with combination of alive probiotics and omega-3 as compared to probiotics alone.