Probiotic Bifidobacterium Bifidum Research Articles

Protocol of efficacy of bifidobacteria intake on gastrointestinal symptoms in symptomatic type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in abdominis: An open-label, randomized controlled trial (Binary STAR study).

This randomized, parallel-group study aims to investigate the effects of the probiotic Bifidobacterium bifidum G9-1 (BBG9-1) on the symptoms of diarrhea or constipation in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study will examine 100 patients with T2DM who suffering from symptoms of diarrhea or constipation. Eligible patients will be randomly assigned 1:1 to two groups (group A, BBG9-1 group; group B, control group), after the baseline examination. Patients assigned to group A will receive probiotic BBG9-1 oral administration along with their current treatment for 12 weeks, and patients assigned to group B will continue the current treatment for 12 weeks without probiotic BBG9-1 oral administration. Subsequently, examinations similar to the baseline examinations will be performed. The primary endpoint will be a change in the Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS) total score from baseline to week 12. Secondary endpoints will include the following: change and percent change in parameters such as GSRS subdomain scores, fecal properties/Bristol stool form scale, defecation frequency, biomarkers, gut microbiota, and macronutrients and factors that affect GSRS total score or constipation/diarrhea subdomain scores from baseline to week 12. The results of this study will clarify the utility of probiotic BBG9-1 in the treatment of diarrhea or constipation in patients with T2DM. jRCTs051220127.

Scientific and practical aspects of the development of feed additives

Relevance. An actual approach to solving the problems of improving animal health and increasing productive indicators is the development of biologically active additives based on microbial consortiums of probiotic microorganisms that synthesize active metabolites that increase the selective benefits of the beneficial microflora of the gastrointestinal tract and its biological activity in the correction of microbiocenosis and metabolism.Methods. The object of research was 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% sugar beet molasses. When cultivating in molasses, probiotic microorganisms Clostridium thermocellulociticus, Ruminococcus olbus, Clostridium lochheadii and Bifidobacterium bifidum strain 1 were used. A daily culture of microorganisms was used for inoculation on a nutrient medium, which was standardized to 1 × 106 CFU/cm3.Results. It has been established that the number of probiotic microorganisms that are part of the culture liquid during the cultivation of Clostridium thermocellulociticus, Ruminococcus olbus, Clostridium lochheadii on the eighth day in a 15% molasses-based nutrient medium is 9.9 × 106 CFU/cm³. In studies during the cultivation of B. bifidum, a significant increase in the content of Histidine by 1.13 times, serine, leucine + isoleucine, methionine by 5.5–7.0 times, and other non-essential and conditionally essential amino acids was found, which indicates a significant activity of probiotic microorganisms in nutrient medium. A significant activity of the complex of microorganisms Clostridium thermocellulociticus, Ruminococcus olbus, Clostridium lochheadii was determined, an increase in amino acids was found: lysine and glycine by 3.39 times, leucine + isoleucine by 1.3 times, meteonine and valine by 2.36 times, proline by 7.5 times.

Production of xylo-oligosaccharides with degree of polymerization 3–5 from wheat straw xylan by a xylanase derived from rumen metagenome and utilization by probiotics

In this study, a new xylanase gene (RuXyn) was obtained from a rumen metagenome and heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli to produce xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) as a prebiotic. RuXyn, which belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 10 (GH10) family, exhibited maximum activity at pH 6.0 and 50 °C, with excellent temperature resistance at 30–50 °C. RuXyn showed preferential hydrolysis of xylan, especially rice straw xylan. RuXyn activity was significantly increased in the presence of 5 mM dithiothreitol, 0.5% Tween-20, and 0.5% Triton X-100 (31%, 37%, and 43%, respectively). Reaction time (10, 15, 30, and 45 min) and dosage (0.15, 0.31, and 0.62 U) of RuXyn affected XOS yield and composition, with a maximum yield at 0.62 U and 30 min. The primary degradation products of wheat straw xylan, resulting from RuXyn activity, were xylotetraose, xylotriose, and xylopentose, which accounted for 33.4%, 33.0%, and 26.4% of the total sugar yield, respectively. The prebiotic effects of XOS were evaluated by in vitro fermentation of XOS using known probiotic Bifidobacterium bifidum and Levilactobacillus brevis strains. Results showed that regardless of incubation time and XOS concentration, XOS stimulated the growth and xylanolytic enzyme secretion of the two probiotics compared to the controls. Supplementation with XOS significantly enhanced lactate production in B. bifidum and L. brevis. Thus, these results indicate that RuXyn is capable of hydrolyzing wheat xylan to produce XOS with a degree of polymerization 3 and 5 and to subsequently promote the growth of probiotics.

Effectiveness of Anaerobic Probiotic Bacterium Bifidobacterium bifidum against Food Spoilage Bacteria

The efficiency of an anaerobic probiotic bacterium against bacteria that cause food deterioration was tested in the current investigation. Based on our prior research, Bifidobacterium bifidum was chosen as an anaerobic probiotic bacterium. By using the conventional method of isolation, food spoilage bacteria were isolated, and through biochemical and molecular characterization, isolates of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Shigella dysenteriae, and Salmonella typhi were detected. Bifidobacterium bifidum demonstrated strong inhibitory capacity against all identified food spoilage bacteria in the agar well diffusion method, with the exception of Shigella dysenteriae.

Incorporation of high molecular weight gamma-polyglutamic acid in maltodextrin-microencapsulated Bifidobacterium bifidum enhances resistance to simulated gastrointestinal fluids

In this study, the effectiveness of microencapsulation using maltodextrin (MD) and γ-polyglutamic acid (γ-PGA) in enhancing the survival of probiotic Bifidobacterium bifidum (ATCC 29521) against simulated gastrointestinal fluids and under different storage conditions, was investigated. By using 1.0% γ-PGA + 20% MD in encapsulation, the tolerance of B. bifidum to simulated gastric and intestinal fluids was significantly improved. This combination also showed enhanced stability over three weeks of storage at 4 °C and 25 °C. Size distribution analysis revealed that higher γ-PGA content resulted in smaller micro-flakes (<100 µm). Scanning electron microscopy demonstrated that encapsulation with 20% MD + 0.5% or 1.0% γ-PGA created smoother, less porous surfaces than that with MD alone. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy further showed that incorporation of γ-PGA increased the carboxylic acid content, suggesting stronger chemical bond interactions between the bacterial membrane and the composites. Overall, these results indicate that freeze-dried probiotic B. bifidum prepared using 20% MD and 1.0% γ-PGA can be stored in powdered form and is highly resistant to simulated gastrointestinal fluids, making the composite an ideal food-grade protective biopolymer.

Enhanced Immunogenic Cell Death and Antigen Presentation via Engineered Bifidobacterium bifidum to Boost Chemo-immunotherapy.

The immunogenic cell death (ICD) of tumor cells has aroused great interest in the field of immunotherapy, mainly due to the production of plentiful tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) and damage-associated molecule patterns. However, doxorubicin (DOX)-induced tumor-specific T-cell-mediated immune response is usually very weak because of antigen presentation deficiency and the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (ITME). Herein, the probiotic Bifidobacterium bifidum (Bi) was covalently modified with DOX-loaded CaP/SiO2 nanoparticles (DNPs@Bi) for tumor therapy. On one hand, the pH-responsive release of DOX could induce chemotherapy and ICD in the ITME. On the other hand, tumor-targeting Bi is able to significantly enhance the presentation of TAAs from B16F10 cells to DCs via Cx43-dependent gap junctions. Due to the combination of enhanced ICD and TAAs presentation, the maturation of DCs and the infiltration of cytotoxic T lymphocytes in the ITME were stimulated. As a result, in vivo antitumor experiments demonstrated that DNPs@Bi prolonged the survival rate and significantly inhibited the tumor progression and metastasis. This strategy of bacterial-driven hypoxia-targeting delivery systems offers a promising approach to tumor chemo-immunotherapy.

Effect of Bifidobacterium bifidum G9-1 on the Intestinal Environment and Diarrhea-Predominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS-D)-like Symptoms in Patients with Quiescent Crohn's Disease: A Prospective Pilot Study.

Diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D)-like symptoms are distressing for patients with quiescent Crohn's disease (qCD) and worsen their quality of life. In the present study, we assessed the effect of the probiotic Bifidobacterium bifidum G9-1 (BBG9-1) on the intestinal environment and clinical features in patients with qCD. Eleven patients with qCD, who met the Rome III diagnostic criteria for IBS-D, received BBG9-1 (24 mg) orally three times daily for 4 weeks. Indices of the intestinal environment (fecal calprotectin level and gut microbiome) and clinical features (CD/IBS-related symptoms, quality of life and stool irregularities) were evaluated before and after treatment. Treatment with BBG9-1 tended to reduce the IBS severity index in the studied patients (p = 0.07). Among gastrointestinal symptoms, abdominal pain and dyspepsia tended to be improved by the BBG9-1 treatment (p = 0.07 and p = 0.07, respectively), and IBD-related QOL showed a significant improvement (p = 0.007). With regard to mental status, the patient anxiety score was significantly lower at the endpoint of BBG9-1 treatment than at the baseline (p = 0.03). Although BBG9-1 treatment did not affect the fecal calprotectin level, it suppressed the serum MCP-1 level significantly and increased the abundance of intestinal Bacteroides in the study patients. The probiotic BBG9-1 is able to improve IBD-related QOL with a reduction of anxiety score in patients with quiescent CD and IBS-D-like symptoms.

SANCACO COFFEE SYINBIOTIC (PROBIOTIC AND PREBIOTIC) AND ANTIBACTERIAL ASSAY AGAINST Escherichia coli

Robusta coffee is one of the plants used as a drink and has an efficacious content that can be modified to be used as a cure for diarrhea. This research was conducted To determine the effect of synbiotic coffee with a combination of coffee, prebiotic inulin chicory, probiotic B. bifidum, and glucose on the growth and antibacterial activity of the probiotic Bifidobacterium bifidum BRL-130. Organoleptic testing of synbiotic coffee was performed on 30 panelists, then the growth test used the total plate count method, and the antibacterial test used the paper diffusion method. The organoleptic test showed that the selected formula 1 had the highest average taste of 3.76. In the symbiotic coffee growth test, the best results were obtained in week 1 of plain water with a temperature of 40°C with the number of colonies 5.95 x108 CFU/mL. Antibacterial activity test using paper disc diffusion method with a variation of the selected formula 1 treatment control, 2 treatment control pure robusta coffee powder, positive control of ciprofloxacin antibiotic, and negative control of aquadest solvent. The antibacterial activity of synbiotic coffee against E. coli showed that there was an inhibitory response in formula 1 against Escherichia coli bacteria in the first week of storage, 12.3±1.1 mm with strong criteria.&#x0D;

Facile and efficient chemical synthesis of gluco-oligosaccharides (GlcOS) with diverse glycosidic linkages as potential prebiotics to promote the growth of probiotic bacteria

Glucose-based short-chain oligosaccharides (gluco-oligosaccharides, GlcOS) have been established as functional food ingredients with health-promoting properties. Currently, GlcOS (e.g., isomalto-oligosaccharides, IMOs) are commercially produced via enzymatic processes, which face the challenges of low yield and high cost. Therefore, developing efficient technologies for large-scale production of prebiotic GlcOS is highly desirable. Herein, a facile chemical process was developed to synthesize GlcOS as potential prebiotics via enhanced dehydration condensation of glucose in concentrated sulfuric acid (60–92 %). The maximum GlcOS yield of 83 % was achieved under the optimal condition of 50 % initial glucose loading, 76 % H2SO4, 70 °C, and 20 min. Structural analysis revealed that the synthesized GlcOS are mainly short-chain oligomers with a degree of polymerization (DP) between 2 and 4 (46 % DP 2, 22 % DP 3, 12 % DP 4) and a small percentage of larger oligosaccharides (DP 5–9), which are linked by predominantly α- and β-(1→6) linkages along with (1→4), (1→ 3), (1→2), and (1↔1) linkages. In vitro fermentation experiments by probiotic Bifidobacterium bifidum ATCC 29521, Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis DSM 10140, and Limosilactobacillus reuteri ATCC 6475 indicated that the GlcOS can be utilized as a carbon source for bacterial growth, and their promotion effect was overall comparable to three commercial prebiotic IMOs. GlcOS were also successfully synthesized from maltose and cellobiose with similar yield and structures to those from glucose, implying the possibility of synthesizing the prebiotic GlcOS directly from inexpensive starch and cellulose.

Individual and Collective Effect of Lactic Acid Bacteria on Staphylococcus aureus

Staphylococcus aureus, as a foodborne pathogen causing significant harm worldwide, was studied to assess the effectiveness of probiotic strains Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus plantarum, and Bifidobacterium bifidum individually and collectively (as consortia) in controlling its growth. The growth patterns of S. aureus were observed when co-cultured with each probiotic strain and a consortium of all three strains over 72 hours. Additionally, the antimicrobial activity of probiotic cell-free supernatants (CFS) against S. aureus was tested using the agar well diffusion method. This study underscores the potential of L. plantarum and a consortium of L. casei, L. plantarum, and B. bifidum in controlling S. aureus growth.

Оценка эффектов стимуляции роста Bifidobacterium bifidum полисахаридами из лиственницы сибирской

Due to the rich chemical composition of Siberian larch (Larix sibirica Ledeb), its products are widely used in medicine, pharmacology, agriculture, perfumery and cosmetics industry. Larch wood and bark contain a large amount of low molecular weight substances with high biological activity, namely: essential oils, ascorbic acid, tannins, anthocyanins, flavonoids, organic acids. The most important and useful of them are flavonoids due to their significant content in raw materials such compounds as: dihydroquercetin (DHA), arabinogalactan (AG), quercetin (QU), ardixin (ARD). On the basis of dihydroquercetin, preparations for the treatment and prevention of atherosclerosis, capillary-strengthening agents, anti-allergic drugs are created, and due to the high ability to complex formation, it actively removes heavy metals, including radionuclides, from the body. The main experimentally established properties of AG are immunomodulatory and antioxidant effects. In the diet, there is often a deficiency of dietary fiber needed by the human body. Quercetin is a powerful antioxidant that increases the body's resistance to radiation and a food antioxidant. It can also enhance antiinflammatory, antiviral, and immunoprotective effects. Ardiksin is a nanobiocomposite containing no. more than 95.0% of the natural polysaccharide arabinogalactan and no. less than 5% of the bioflavonoid dihydroquercetin. The biological activity of ardixin has shown its effectiveness in the treatment of oncological diseases as a concomitant agent during radiation and chemotherapy. Based on the significant importance of these polysaccharide compounds in the creation of new functional food products and therapeutic agents for medicine, in this study, the goal was to identify the effect of stimulating the growth of the commercial probiotic preparation Bifidobacterium bifidum when cultivated on media with polysaccharide compounds: purified arabinogalactan, dihydroquercetin, quercetin, ardixin. These polysaccharide compounds are processed products of Siberian larch (Larix sibirica Ledeb). In the course of a study on the evaluation of growth stimulation of B. bifidum by polysaccharides: AG-purified, DHA, QU, ADC, it was found that: 1) growth of B. bifidum is most effective in a medium with DHA; 2) when growing on a medium with AG-clean. there is almost five times less growth stimulation compared to DHA; 3) the smallest growth of B. bifidum is observed in the medium with QU, which is more than 208 times less than its growth on the medium with DHA.

Viability and Antibacterial Activity of Bifidobacterium bifidum in Fermented Robusta Coffee for Diarrhea Treatment

Background: Diarrhea can be treated with probiotic bacteria such as Bifidobacterium bifidum, which decreases the intestinal environment's pH to become acidic so that pathogenic bacteria cannot thrive. Objective: To make fermented coffee that can increase the number of probiotic bacteria Bifidobacterium bifidum and has antidiarrheal activity against pathogenic bacteria Escherichia coli. Methods: Robusta coffee (20.25% and 19.75%) was fermented using Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and then the probiotic bacteria Bifidobacterium bifidum was added. Unfermented coffee was compared with the same concentration (20.25% and 19.75%) to obtain four formulas. Organoleptic panelists tested all formulas to determine the best formula for fermented and non-fermented coffee. The number of Bifidobacterium bifidum and antibacterial activity was calculated on the optimum formulation using the Total Plate Count and Disc Diffusion Method. Result: The optimum formula obtained at fermented and unfermented coffee concentration was 20,25%. The number of probiotic bacteria Bifidobacterium bifidum growing in fermented and non-fermented coffee was 7.3 x 108 ± 32.4 and 3.1 x 108 ± 30.7 (p &lt; 0.05). The diameter of the inhibition zone of the best fermented and non-fermented coffee was 11.5 ± 0.5 mm and 8.5 ± 0.5 mm, respectively (p &lt; 0.05). Conclusion: Fermented coffee can increase the growth of the probiotic bacteria Bifidobacterium bifidum and has strong antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli bacteria.

Structural analysis and prebiotic activity of exopolysaccharide produced by probiotic strain Bifidobacterium bifidum EPS DA-LAIM.

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10068-022-01213-w.

The clinical effectiveness of probiotics and autoprobiotics in treatment of &lt;i&gt;Helicobacter pylori&lt;/i&gt;-associated dyspepsia

The aim of our study was to evaluate the clinical performance of a monotherapy by Enterococcus faecium-based probiotics and indigenous autoprobiotics against H. pylori associated dyspepsia.&#x0D; Materials and methods. There were examined 95 patients with dyspepsia. The entire patient cohort underwent clinical evaluation including filling out the questionnaire to assess dyspepsia symptoms before and after treatment, gastric endoscopy as well as gastric multi-focal biopsy (gastric body and gastric antrum) and verification of H. pylori infection with the three clinical laboratory methods (biochemical, bacteriological and molecular detection). An antagonistic in vitro activity of probiotics against H. pylori was detected by drop plate method for probiotic strains Enterococcus faecium SF68 and Bifidobacterium bifidum (Bifiform), Enterococcus faecium L3 (Laminolact), and autoprobiotic strains combined with indigenous Enterococcus faecium. To examine an antagonistic activity of probiotics and autoprobiotics in clinical trials, we used a starter culture based on the Enterococcus faecium L3 strain and an autoprobiotic based on indigenous Enterococcus faecium. The probiotic or autoprobiotic were administered orally to patients with gastritis twice a day at dose of 50 ml (8.0 lgCFU/ml) for 20 days. H. pylori eradication was assessed by stool antigen test 1.52 months after the end of treatment.&#x0D; Results. Initially the H. pylori infection was confirmed with 49.4% of patients. The sensitivity of H. pylori to the probiotics was detected in 81% of individuals for indigenous Enterococci (the autoprobiotic), 76% for Laminolact, and in 62% for Bifiform. 22 patients with previous history of allergic reactions to antibiotics used in routine H. pylori eradication regimens were divided in two cohorts. One cohort (10 patients) received the autoprobiotic only, another cohort (12 patients) received only probiotic. Monotherapy with autoprobiotic resulted in 100% H. pylori eradication, single-agent therapy with probiotic led to 60% eradication of H. pylori. Dyspepsia symptoms were completely resolved in both groups of patients.&#x0D; Conclusion. Our research demonstrated the sensitivity of examined H. pylori strains to be similar for traditional eradication treatment agents (antibiotics) and the proposed intervention agents (probiotics and autoprobiotics). An autoprobiotic monotherapy with indigenous enterococci led to higher levels of H. pylori eradication than with E. faecium L3-based probiotic agent. Our work demonstrated advantage for application of probiotics in patients with antibiotic allergies or other obstacles for the standard eradication therapy. Nonetheless, further investigation to better understand underlying mechanisms of action, as well as larger observational and randomized studies, are necessary to determine the scope of therapeutic application for probiotics and autoprobitics to eradicate H. pylori infection.

Optimization of spray‐dried probiotic buttermilk powder using response surface methodology and evaluation of its shelf stability

In the present study, double-toned milk was inoculated with Streptococcus thermophilus, Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus, and Bifidobacterium bifidum, to result in a curd which was further subjected to homogenization and spray drying. Various process parameters like inlet temperature (140–160°C), the flow rate of feed (10–20 ml/min), and compressed air (2–4 kg/cm2) were varied to obtain the best-operating conditions for the maximum viable count in the probiotic cultured buttermilk powder. The yields of the powder ranged between 58.4% and 71.5%. An inlet temperature of 150°C, feed flow rate of 15 ml/min and compressed air of 3 kg/cm2 were the optimum process parameters obtained by response surface methodology for maximum survival of starter culture and probiotic bacteria Bifidobacterium bifidum. The powder stored at 4 ± 1°C showed superior qualities to that stored at 27 ± 1°C. While moisture content, aw, solubility and density showed an increase, hygroscopicity exhibited a decline during storage. The final moisture content, hygroscopicity, aw, solubility index, and bulk density of buttermilk powder stored at 4 ± 1°C and 27 ± 1°C were 5.93, 13.73, 0.293, 59.78, 0.71, and 6.27, 12.31, 0.301, 60.12, 0.93 respectively. The viable counts of Streptococcus thermophilus, Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus and Bifidobacterium bifidum in BMP were 8.07 ± 0.21, 7.68 ± 0.17, 6.01 ± 0.18 at 4 ± 1°C and 5.73 ± 0.17, 5.57 ± 0.14, 4.14 ± 0.20 at 27 ± 1°C after 4 weeks of storage. Practical applications Probiotics have gained tremendous attention in recent times. However, the viability of probiotics during rigorous food processing and handling steps remains a matter of concern. Spray drying results in a powder that can be easily handled, stored, and reconstituted in beverages. A probiotic cultured buttermilk powder was obtained by optimizing the inlet temperature, feed flow rate, and compressed air while spray drying. Buttermilk is a valuable by-product usually lost in waste streams during the manufacturing of butter. This study attempts to valorize buttermilk by developing a spray dried probiotic buttermilk powder and evaluate its shelf-life under refrigerated storage and ambient conditions, which would be of great help to the industry.

Effect of Probiotic Bifidobacterium bifidum TMC3115 Supplementation on Psychosocial Stress Using a Sub-Chronic and Mild Social Defeat Stress in Mice.

With the accumulation of knowledge on the relation between psychological stress and gut microbiota, there is growing interest in controlling stress and/or mood disorders via probiotic supplementation. We aimed to examine the effect of probiotic Bifidobacterium bifidum TMC3115 (TMC3115) supplementation using a sub-chronic and mild social defeat stress murine model in this study. TM3115 supplementation maintained body weight gain and alleviated a polydipsia-like symptom induced by the stress. In the analyses of fecal and cecal bacterial profiles, expansions of Proteobacteria in stressed mice and increases in Actinobacteria and Bifidobacterium in mice supplemented with TMC3115 were observed. There was no marked difference in the diversity of cecal bacteria between the tested mice. Elevated serum levels of inflammatory markers such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6 were observed in the stressed mice, while TMC3115 only reduced the IL-6 level. These findings suggest that TMC3115 supplementation confers tolerance to psychosocial stress in the host through modulation of the gut microbiota and alleviation of stress-induced inflammatory responses. Furthermore, it may be expected to exert prevention and treatment of disorders related to peripheral IL-6, including depression.

The mechanistic effects of human digestion on magnesium oxide nanoparticles: implications for probiotics Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG and Bifidobacterium bifidum VPI 1124.

The effects of nanoparticles (NPs) on the human gut microbiota are of high interest due to the link between the gut homeostasis and overall human health. The human intake of metal oxide NPs has increased due to its use in the food industry as food additives. Specifically, magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgO-NPs) have been described as antimicrobial and antibiofilm. Therefore, in this work we investigated the effects of the food additive MgO-NPs, on the probiotic and commensal Gram-positive Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and Bifidobacterium bifidum VPI 1124. The physicochemical characterization showed that food additive MgO is formed by nanoparticles (MgO-NPs) and after a simulated digestion, MgO-NPs partially dissociate into Mg2+. Moreover, nanoparticulate structures containing magnesium were found embedded in organic material. Exposures to MgO-NPs for 4 and 24 hours increased the bacterial viability of both L. rhamnosus and B. bifidum when in biofilms but not when as planktonic cells. High doses of MgO-NPs significantly stimulated the biofilm development of L. rhamnosus, but not B. bifidum. It is likely that the effects are primarily due to the presence of ionic Mg2+. Evidence from the NPs characterization indicate that interactions bacteria/NPs are unfavorable as both structures are negatively charged, which would create repulsive forces.

Probiotics partially attenuate the severity of acute kidney injury through an immunomodulatory effect.

BackgroundA healthy microbiome helps maintain the gut barrier and mucosal immune tolerance. Previously, we demonstrated that acute kidney injury (AKI) provoked dysbiosis, gut inflammation, and increased permeability. Here, we investigated the renoprotective effects of the probiotic Bifidobacterium bifidum BGN4 and the underlying mechanisms thereof.MethodsC57BL/6 mice were subjected to bilateral renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) or sham operation. In the probiotic-treated group, BGN4 was administered by gavage once daily, starting 2 weeks before injury. ResultsAdministration of BGN4 significantly increased gut microbiome diversity and prevented expansion of the Enterobacteriaceae and Bacteroidetes that were the hallmarks of AKI-induced dysbiosis. Further, BGN4 administration also significantly reduced other IRI-induced changes in the colon microenvironment, including effects on permeability, apoptosis of colon epithelial cells, and neutrophil and proinflammatory macrophage infiltration. Mononuclear cells co-cultured with BGN4 expressed significantly increased proportions of CD103+/CD11c+ and CD4+ CD25+ Treg cells, suggesting a direct immunomodulatory effect. BGN4 induced Treg expansion in colon, mesenteric lymph nodes (MNL), and kidney. BGN4 also reduced CX3CR1intermediateLy6Chigh monocyte infiltration and interleukin (IL)-17A suppression in the small intestine, which may have attenuated AKI severity, kidney IL-6 messenger RNA expression, and AKI-induced liver injury.ConclusionPrior supplementation with BGN4 significantly attenuated the severity of IRI and secondary liver injury. This renoprotective effect was associated with increased Foxp3 and reduced IL-17A expression in the colon, MNL, and kidney, suggesting that BGN4-induced immunomodulation might contribute to its renoprotective effects. Probiotics may therefore be a promising strategy to reduce AKI severity and/or remote organ injury.

Critical roles of a housekeeping sortase of probiotic Bifidobacterium bifidum in bacterium–host cell crosstalk

SummaryBifidobacterium bifidum YIT 10347 (BF-1) is adhesive in vitro. Here we studied the molecular aspects of the BF-1 adhesion process. We identified and characterized non-adhesive mutants and found that a class E housekeeping sortase was critical for the adhesion to mucin. These mutants were significantly less adhesive to GCIY cells than was the wild type (WT), which protected GCIY cells against acid treatment more than did a non-adhesive mutant. The non-adhesive mutants aberrantly accumulated precursors of putative sortase-dependent proteins (SDPs). Recombinant SDPs bound to mucin. Disruption of the housekeeping sortase influenced expression of SDPs and pilus components. Mutants defective in a pilin or in an SDP showed the same adhesion properties as WT. Therefore, multiple SDPs and pili seem to work cooperatively to achieve adhesion, and the housekeeping sortase is responsible for cell wall anchoring of its substrates to ensure their proper biological function.

Immunomodulatory effects of probiotic Bifidobacterium bifidum with tacrolimus and sirolimus in mouse skin graft model

Immunomodulatory effects of probiotic Bifidobacterium bifidum with tacrolimus and sirolimus in mouse skin graft model