Probability Method Research Articles

Analysis of related factors of long-term complications after vascularized fibular transplantation.

Free fibula flap is the first choice for jaw reconstruction in head and neck oncology, but postoperative complications in donor site are ignored always. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the long-term complications and potential risk factors of donor site after vascularized fibular transplantation, and to explore the precautions of preparing vascularized fibular flap and the measures of preventing donor site complications. Data were retrospectively collected on 31 patients who had undergone immediate mandibular reconstruction with a fibular flap after segmental mandibulectomy from 2013 to 2018 in Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital. Thirty-one patients (24 male, 7 female) were available for the long-term complications in donor site analysis from 25 to 96months after surgery. The data were collected and analyzed, including age at time of operation, early postoperative complications, incidence of dorsiflexion weakness of hallux, donor site missing fibula length, proximal and distal stump fibula length, and subjective evaluation of foot function (AOFAS-hallux, AOFAS-ankle hindfoot, Enneking lower limb function score). In the single-factor analysis in this study, the correlation between related factors and long-term complications was statistically analyzed. For inter-group comparisons of quantitative data, if the normal distribution was satisfied, two independent sample t-tests were used; p < 0.05 was statistical significant. If the normal distribution was not satisfied, Wilcoxon rank-sum test was used, and p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. For qualitative data, the Fisher exact probability method was compared between group differences, and p < 0.05 was statistically significant. The most commonly encountered complication in our series was dorsiflexion disorder, flexion deformity, numbness of the lateral side of the lower leg, and dorsum of the foot. Ten patients (32.26%) developed hallux flexion deformity after operation, 17 patients (54.84%) had hallux dorsiflexion dysfunction after operation, and 10 patients (32.26%) had numbness of the lateral side of the lower leg and dorsum of the foot. The incidence of hallux dorsiflexion dysfunction, thumb flexion deformity, and sensory disturbance was higher than that of other long-term complications in the donor area. The residual length of fibular distal was related to the dorsiflexion dysfunction and flexion deformity of hallux (p < 0.05). The early complications of donor site were correlated with the hallux dorsiflexion dysfunction (p < 0.05). The incidence of dorsiflexion disorder and flexion deformity is higher in patients after fibula transplantation. The less the residual length of fibular distal, the more obvious the long-term complications in the donor site, and the higher the incidence of dorsiflexion dysfunction and flexion deformity of hallux. The long-term complications of donor site after fibular transplantation seriously affect the quality of life of patients and provide clinical reference for further reducing the occurrence of donor site complications.

Influence of detonator delay scatter on rock fragmentation by bunch-holes blasting

Bunch-holes blasting (several blastholes arranged in a bunch with short spacing and detonated simultaneously to form a large common blasting crater) is typically used in underground mines to increase blasting efficiency under a single free surface. Considering the low accuracy of pyrotechnic detonators, which are commonly used in Chinese mines, bunch-holes blasting with the same nominal times is actually short-delay blasting, and the actual delay intervals induced by the delay scatter of detonators can lead to unsuccessful bunch-hole blasting, which seriously affects rock fragmentation. In this study, theoretical analysis is firstly conducted to explore the mechanism of short-delay bunch-holes blasting, and the formation time of a new free surface is defined as the critical delay interval of bunch holes. Then, the formula of the new free surface forming time is deduced to determine the critical delay interval of the short-delay bunch-holes blasting. Considering the delay scatter of the detonator, the probability method is used to quantitatively analyse the probability of successful bunch-holes blasting with different delay nominal time detonators. Field experiments are performed to verify the results. This research demonstrates that as the detonator delay scatter increases, the probability of successful bunch-holes blasting generally decreases. In addition, the charge length also has an impact on the probability, which is positively correlated but not as dramatic as the detonator delay scatter. Hence, it is recommended to use high-precision detonators or low-segment detonators for bunch-holes blasting to ensure the quality of the cutting blasting.

ANALISIS KELAYAKAN TERNAK SAPI POTONG KELOMPOK TANI ENGGAL MUKTI PERCUT SEI TUAN SUMATERA UTARA

The aims of this research is to find out how much money beef cattle may make in the Enggal Mukti livestock group in Sampali Village, Percut Sei Tuan, North Sumatra. This study employs the case study approach, in which the research is conducted by looking directly at the field, the sampling is done purposefully (deliberately), and the sample method is the probability method. For the data analysis approach utilized to respond to the initial formulation, namely the formulation of variable costs, fixed expenses, and income. Use the calculation Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), and Payback Period to answer the second formulation (PP). The findings of this study show that the enggal mukti beef cattle company earns a lot of money. The income of the enggal mukti beef cattle company is Rp.7.584 million, according to the findings, with an average income of Rp.224.889.882. The Net Present Value (NPV) of the enggal mukti beef cattle business is 3,663,970,800 0, indicating that the enggal mukti beef cattle business is financially feasible to operate, and the IRR value is 40.56 percent, indicating that the use of investment in this business is better and can provide internal profits of 40.56 percent per year. And for the Payback Time (PP) of 1.4, it can be read as a 1.4-year payback period that has met the investment requirement's eligibility criteria.

Parametric Vine Copula Framework in the Trivariate Probability Analysis of Compound Flooding Events

The interaction between oceanographic, meteorological, and hydrological factors can result in an extreme flooding scenario in the low-lying coastal area, called compound flooding (CF) events. For instance, rainfall and storm surge (or high river discharge) can be driven by the same meteorological forcing mechanisms, tropical or extra-tropical cyclones, resulting in a CF phenomenon. The trivariate distributional framework can significantly explain compound events’ statistical behaviour reducing the associated high-impact flood risk. Resolving heterogenous dependency of the multidimensional CF events by incorporating traditional 3D symmetric or fully nested Archimedean copula is quite complex. The main challenge is to preserve all lower-level dependencies. An approach based on decomposing the full multivariate density into simple local building blocks via conditional independence called vine or pair-copulas is a much more comprehensive way of approximating the trivariate flood dependence structure. In this study, a parametric vine copula of a drawable (D-vine) structure is introduced in the trivariate modelling of flooding events with 46 years of observations of the west coast of Canada. This trivariate framework searches dependency by combining the joint impact of annual maximum 24-h rainfall and the highest storm surge and river discharge observed within the time ±1 day of the highest rainfall event. The D-vine structures are constructed in three alternative ways by permutation of the conditioning variables. The most appropriate D-vine structure is selected using the fitness test statistics and estimating trivariate joint and conditional joint return periods. The investigation confirms that the D-vine copula can effectively define the compound phenomenon’s dependency. The failure probability (FP) method is also adopted in assessing the trivariate hydrologic risk. It is observed that hydrologic events defined in the trivariate case produce higher FP than in the bivariate (or univariate) case. It is also concluded that hydrologic risk increases (i) with an increase in the service design life of the hydraulic facilities and (ii) with a decrease in return periods.

Traditional medicinal plants used in the management of cutaneous Leishmaniasis diseases in Sokoto State, Northern Nigeria

Background: Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a serious public health problem in Nigeria, with a high prevalence in the northern part of the country. Plants with therapeutic value are still the only way forward, as their acceptance and acknowledgment grow over the world. There is vast traditional knowledge and use of medicinal plant species in Sokoto state and the country at large. However, because cultural systems are dynamic, skills are fragile and often forgotten, as most indigenous knowledge is passed down through the generations by oral transmission. This study documented traditional medicinal plants used by the traditional practitioners for the treatment of CL in Sokoto State, Northern Nigeria. Methods: The method of non-random probability and the strategy of master sampling were applied in this research. A total of 23 informants were interviewed. Results: The ethnobotanical survey revealed 48 plant species, trees accounting for 57.9%, of which 84.1 % of the reported plants are wild. For therapy, leaves are the most utilized (43.7%), with topical and oral remedies (72.2%) as the most preferred form of administration. Quantitatively, Bauhinia reticulata DC was found to be effective in the treatment of CL with Fidelity Level (FL) 93%. Conclusion: Plants with therapeutic value are still the most promising, as their acceptance and acknowledgment keeps growing all over the world. This study provides useful information for various fields, especially in exploring the plant parts as a source of lead for future chemotherapeutics against CL and possible development of plant monographs for biodiversity conservation. Keywords: Biodiversity, Conservation, Ethnobotanical survey, Master sampling, Traditional medicinal plants

An Extension of the Mixed Effects Model that Includes Correlation within Group Errors

Mixed effect models allow for a great deal of flexibility in defining random outcomes, but they limit within-group errors to independent disbursed random variables with a zero mean and constant variance. In addition to its random outcomes for the implied structure, this model is expanded in this paper by including within-group correlated errors. We demonstrate how to accurately predict the model's parameters using a marginal maximum probability (ML) method. The model's accuracy is demonstrated by a real-world example. Additionally, we provide several instructions for correlation systems to represent serial and spatial correlation. Finally, we define how to combine variance features and correlation systems to flexibly model the within-group variance-covariance shape. We also discuss how the lme function can be used to maintain the prolonged linear mixed effects model. And, when compared to other models, the exponential spatial correlation version has the smallest AIC and BIC, making it appear to be the best within-group correlation model.

Low-velocity impact behavior of carbon woven laminates after exposure to varying temperatures

The present study reports the low-velocity impact (LVI) performance of carbon woven reinforced polymer (CWRP) composites with varying temperatures. The fabrication of carbon woven lamina and carbon woven reinforced two-layered laminate (named CWRP-1 and CWRP-2) was done using a vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM) process. CWRP-1 samples were tested at varying impact velocities of 1, 2, 3, and 4 m/s at −25, 25, and 50 °C for each incident velocity. CWRP-2 samples were tested at room temperature at varying incident velocities to determine the effect of multiple woven layers. The impact resistance of the first-crack load, peak impact load, and absorbed energies were recorded and evaluated under different loading conditions. In addition, the Weibull probability method is adapted to forecast failure behavior as a function of load. Visual inspection, optical microscopy, and scanning electron microscope (SEM) images were used to assess the damage pattern and failure morphologies in forecasting the failure phases during LVI. The low-velocity impact behavior of CWRP-1 at −25 °C with various velocities was shown to be random due to the polymer matrix freezing condition. The softening of the resin matrix at 50 °C is responsible for the difference in damage tolerance. The relevance of multiple layered composites for better impact resistance characteristics was demonstrated during testing of CWRP-2 at room temperature. Overall, the results of this experiment showed that CWRP lamina and laminates are highly sensitive to the impact velocities and external temperatures.

Analysis of common viral infection in surveillance cases of febrile respiratory syndrome in 9 provinces of China from 2009 to 2021

Objective: To understand the common viral infection among the surveillance cases of fever respiratory syndrome (FRS) in nine provinces in China. Methods: The research data were obtained from nine provinces (Anhui, Beijing, Guangdong, Hebei, Hunan, Jilin, Shandong, Shaanxi and Xinjiang) in the "Infectious Disease Surveillance Technology Platform Information Management System" of the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention from January 2009 to June 2021. Finally, 8 243 FRS cases with nucleic acid detection results of eight viruses [human influenza virus (HIFV), human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV), human adenovirus (HAdV), human parainfluenza virus (HPIV), human rhinovirus (HRV), human metapneumovirus (HMPV), human coronavirus (HCoV) and human Boca virus (HBoV)] were included in the study. The χ2 test/Fisher exact probability method was used to analyze the difference of virus detection rate in different age groups, regions and seasons. Results The M (Q1, Q3) age of 8 243 FRS cases was 4 (1, 18) years old, and 56.56% (4 662 cases) were children under 5 years old. Males accounted for 58.1% (4 792 cases) of all cases. All cases were from outpatient/emergency department (2 043 cases) and inpatient department (6 200 cases). The virus detection rates of FRS cases from high to low were HRSV, HIFV, HPIV, HRV, HAdV, HMPV, HCoV and HBoV. Two or more viruses were detected simultaneously in 524 cases, accounting for 15.66% of virus-positive cases. The difference of the virus detection rate in different age groups was statistically significant (all P values<0.05), and the virus detection rate in children<5 years old was higher (49.96%). The positive rate of any virus in south China was higher than that in north China (P<0.001). The virus-positive FRS cases were detected throughout the year. The detection rate of HRSV was higher in autumn and winter. The detection rate of HIFV was higher in winter. The detection rate of HMPV was higher in winter and spring. The detection rates of HPIV, HRV, HCoV and HBoV were higher in summer and autumn, while there was no significant difference in the detection rate of HAdV in different seasons. Compared with 2009-2019, the detection rate of any virus in 2020-2021 decreased from 41.37% to 37.86%. The detection rate of HIFV decreased sharply from 10.62% to 1.37%. The detection rate of HPIV decreased from 8.24% to 5.88%. The detection rate of HRV and HBoV increased from 5.43% and 1.79% to 9.67% and 3.19%, respectively. Conclusion: HRSV and HIFV infections are more common among FRS cases in nine provinces in China from 2009 to 2021, and the epidemiological characteristics of eight common respiratory viruses vary in different age groups, regions and seasons.

The Role of Forgiveness in Countering Youth Radicalization into Violent Extremism in Eastleigh, Kenya

Radicalization has endured as a grave contemporary threat to peace in the world, given the constant rising numbers of terrorist attacks. Youth are at risk of radicalization and recruitment to militant groupings that carry out diverse forms of extreme violence. The surge of youth radicalization into violent extremism across the globe has become a worrying trend. Despite all the efforts to counter radicalization among the youths, more are still being radicalized. This study sought to investigate the role of forgiveness in countering youth radicalization into violent extremism in Eastleigh, Kenya. This study adopted mixed methods sequential explanatory design, combining experimental, correlational and phenomenological research methods. This study was conducted in Nairobi County, Kamukunji Sub- County, Eastleigh suburb, in St Theresa’s Catholic Church and Riyadh Mosque, since Churches and mosques traditionally are the center for community activities and ideas. The study employed both probability and non-probability sampling methods. The sample size for the study was 222 respondents comprising of 212 youths and 10 key informants. The review found that there was weak, negative and insignificant correlation between self-forgiveness and extremism. The study concluded that the level of forgiveness among the respondents was above average. The study recommends that the Heartland Forgiveness adds to the known levels of forgiveness by virtue of its different elements that can be measured. Dispositional forgiveness is likely to be a method that make it possible for people to turn their focus away from unfavourable personal responses to rewarding dimensions of their lives. Therefore, the tendency to forgive, as gauged by Heartland Forgiveness scale contributes to the existing comprehension of significant personality distinctions Keywords: Forgiveness, Radicalization, Youth &amp; Violent Extremism

Minimally invasive enucleation for benign and low-grade malignant pancreatic tumors: an analysis of 60 cases

Objective: To investigate the safety and feasibility of minimally invasive pancreatic tumor enucleation. Methods: The clinicopathological data of 60 patients with minimally invasive pancreatic tumor enucleation admitted to the Department of Pancreatic Surgery of Fudan University Cancer Center from November 2019 to August 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 17 males and 43 females,with age of (50.0±13.2)years(range: 23 to 73 years). Tumors were located in the head of pancreas in 40 cases(66.7%),neck and tail of pancreas in 20 cases(33.3%). Patients were divided into robotic group(n=25) and laparoscopic group(n=35) according to surgical methods. The measurement data were compared by t-test or Mann-Whitney U test, and the categorical data were compared by χ2 test or Fisher exact probability method. The influencing factors of postoperative pancreatic fistula were analyzed by univariate and multivariate Logistic regression. Results: All patients successfully completed tumor enucleation without conversion to laparotomy. The operation time was (183.5±67.3)minutes(range:90 to 410 minutes). Twelve patients(20.0%) underwent stent placement and pancreatic duct repair during operation. The removal time of abdominal drainage tube after operation was (24.7±22.9)days(range:2 to 113 days). The tumor diameter in the robotic group was larger than that in the laparoscopic group((3.5±0.9)cm vs. (2.9±0.7)cm,t=-2.825,P=0.006). The incidences of postoperative biochemical fistula and grade B pancreatic fistula were 20.0%,22.9% and 36.0%,51.4%,respectively(χ²=2.289,P=0.318). There were no grade C pancreatic fistula,lymphatic fistula,biliary fistula,delayed gastric emptying,secondary operation and perioperative death in both groups. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed on the occurrence of clinically related pancreatic fistula(above grade B). The results showed that the increase of body mass index(OR=1.285,95%CI:1.053 to 1.569,P=0.014),the larger diameter of the tumor(OR=3.703,95%CI:1.465 to 9.360,P=0.006) and intraoperative pancreatic duct repair(OR=7.889,95%CI:1.471 to 42.296,P=0.016) were independent risk factors,whereas robotic surgery(OR=0.168,95%CI:0.036 to 0.796,P=0.025) was a protective factor. No case of pancreatin dependent dyspepsia and new onset diabetes mellitus was observed. Conclusions: Minimally invasive tumor enucleation is feasible in the treatment of benign and low-grade pancreatic tumors. The incidence of pancreatic fistula is high in the short term after operation,but serious complications are rare. The robot assisted system can reduce the risk of postoperative pancreatic fistula and has more advantages in dealing with larger diameter tumors because of clearer surgical vision and more accurate operation.

Efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant immunotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma

Objective: To study the surgical safety and efficacy of preoperative neoadjuvant therapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors combined with anti-angiogenic drugs in patients with China liver cancer staging(CNLC)-Ⅱb and Ⅲa resectable hepatocellular carcinoma. Methods: The data of 129 patients with Ⅱb and Ⅲa hepatocellular carcinoma who underwent surgery at the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from January 2018 to December 2020 were analyzed. All patients were divided into two groups: the neoadjuvant therapy group(n=14,13 males and 1 female,aged (55.4±12.6)years(range:34 to 75 years)) received immune combined targeted therapy before surgery,immune checkpoint inhibitor camrelizumab was administered intravenously at a dose of 200 mg each time,every 2 weeks for 3 cycles,anti-angiogenesis drug apatinib was taken orally and continuously with a dose of 250 mg for 3 weeks and the conventional surgery group(n=115,103 males and 12 females,aged (55.8±12.0)years(range:21 to 83 years)) did not receive antitumor systemic therapy before surgery. There were 3 patients with CNLC-Ⅱb,11 with CNLC-Ⅲa in the neoadjuvant group;28 patients with CNLC-Ⅱb,87 with CNLC-Ⅲa in the conventional group. Student's t test or rank-sum test was used to compare the differences between two groups for quantitative data, Fisher's exact probability method was used to compare the differences of proportions between two groups, and Log-rank test was used to compare survival differences between two groups. Results: The 1-year recurrence rate in the neoadjuvant group was 42.9%,and the 1-year recurrence rate in the conventional group was 64.0%,with a statistically significant difference between the two groups(χ²=3.850,P=0.050);The 1-year survival rate in the neoadjuvant group was 100% and that in the conventional group was 74.2%,with a statistically significant difference between the two groups(χ²=5.170,P=0.023). According to the stratified analysis of the number of tumors,for single tumor,the 1-year recurrence rate in the neoadjuvant group was 25.0%,and that in the conventional surgery group was 71.0%,and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant(χ²=5.280, P=0.022). For multiple tumors, the 1-year recurrence rate in the neoadjuvant group was 66.7%,and the 1-year recurrence rate in the conventional surgery group was 58.9%,with no significant difference between the two groups(χ²=0.110,P=0.736). The operative time,intraoperative blood loss,and postoperative hospital stay in the neoadjuvant group were similar to those in the conventional group,and their differences were not statistically significant. Conclusions: Immune checkpoint inhibitors combined with anti-angiogenic targeted drugs as a neoadjuvant therapy for resectable hepatocellular carcinoma can reduce the 1-year recurrence rate and improve the 1-year survival rate,especially for those with solitary tumor. Limited by the sample size of the neoadjuvant group,the safety of immune combined targeted therapy before surgery cannot be observed more comprehensively,and further studies will be explored.

Network-energy-based predictability and link-corrected prediction in complex networks

The existing link predictability indexes for networks often depend on specific structural characteristics and don’t make full use of all the structural information of networks. This paper finds that network energy can efficiently characterize the information of the network structure. Firstly, a novel and simple network predictability index is proposed via normalized network energy. To enhance the global topology information of the predictability index, we then extend this index and define a new effective predictability index by integrating the network structural consistency index. Secondly, based on modified maximum likelihood probability method, we develop the approximate relationship between the probability of the original network (subject to the condition of the observation network) and the maximum likelihood probability of the perturbed network. Furthermore, a novel link prediction algorithm (LCPA) is presented. Numerical experiments on both generative and real networks confirm that the LCPA algorithm outperforms the existing state-of-the-art methods in most cases. Finally, this paper takes the precision obtained by the LCPA algorithm as the network predictability value and also verifies the effectiveness of the two proposed predictability indexes. It is also shown that the above-defined indexes can efficiently characterize the network predictability. The latter defined index also shows a linear relationship with the network predictability. The data and code are publicly available at https://github.com/pinglanchu/LCPA.

Occurrence of Autoimmune Thyroid Dysfunction in Juvenile SLE

Objective: To define the occurrence of autoimmune thyroid dysfunction and its type i.e. sub-clinical hypothyroidism, hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism in juvenile SLE. Study design: Cross-sectional study. Place and duration: The study was held at the rheumatology ward of the Children’s hospital and the Institute of Child Health, Lahore from1st November 2019 to 30th April 2021. Sample Technique: Non probability consecutive sampling Material and methods: Inclusion Criteria had American college of rheumatology classification criteria for SLE filled by both female and male patients of 2-16 years. Consent was taken and all the data was written on pre designed proforma. Demographic data like age, gender and relevant history and examination was done to diagnose hypo or hyperthyroidism. Thyroid antibodies, 3 to 5 ml of venous blood for thyroid function tests of all patients were sent in laboratory and results were interpreted accordingly. Thyroid dysfunction and its types were labeled accordingly. Results: In the present study, 55.56% (n=50) were between 9-16 years of age whereas 44.44% (n=40) were between 2-8 years of age, out of 90 cases. Mean and Sd. was calculated as 9.73+3.29 years, 30% (n=27) were male while 70%(n=63) were females, frequency of autoimmune thyroid dysfunction was recorded in 28.89%(n=26), frequency of type of autoimmune thyroid dysfunction was recorded as 10%(n=9) for sub-clinical hypothyroidism, 11.11%(n=10) for Hypothyroidism and 7.78%(n=7) for hyperthyroidism. Conclusion: It is concluded that the occurrence of autoimmune thyroid dysfunction is higher in our population, however, some-other studies are required to validate our findings. Keywords: Juvenile SLE, autoimmune thyroid dysfunction, hypothyroidism.

Comparison of off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting alone or combined with mitral valve plasty for coronary heart disease with moderate ischemic mitral insufficiency

Objective: To compare the efficacy of off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) or CABG plus mitral valve plasty (MVP) in patients with coronary heart disease complicated with moderate ischemic mitral insufficiency. Methods: The clinical data of 1 050 patients with coronary heart disease complicated with moderate ischemic mitral insufficiency who underwent surgical procedures from January 2009 to December 2020 were analyzed retrospectively. There were 733 males and 317 females, aging (63.3±9.0) years (range: 31 to 83 years). Patients were divided into CABG+MVP group and CABG group according to surgical methods, and the two groups of patients were matched for 1∶4 by the propensity score matching method. There were 107 patients in the CABG+MVP group and 406 patients in the CABG group after matching. The t test, Mann-Whitney U test, χ2 test, Fisher's exact probability method and repeated measures anova were used to compare the surgical outcomes and overall survival in the two groups. Results: There were no significant differences in perioperative death and postoperative complications between the two groups (all P>0.05). Compared with CABG group, CABG+MVP group had longer operation time ((5.6±1.2) hours vs. (4.2±1.0) hours, t=11.528, P<0.01), ICU stay(M(IQR))(43.0(47.3) hours vs. 25.0(33.6) hours, Z=2.483, P=0.013), and postoperative hospital stay (8(4) days vs. 7(5) days, Z=2.143, P=0.032). The amount of erythrocyte and platelet used in CABG+MVP group was significantly increased (2.0(6.5) U vs. 0(2.0) U, Z=7.084, P<0.01; 0(0.5) U vs. 0(0) U, Z=5.210, P<0.01). A total of 463 cases (93.9%) were followed up. Median follow-up was 32(31) months (range: 3 to 105 months). There was no significant difference in overall survival and no major adverse cardic and cerebrovascular events survival between CABG group and CABG+MVP group (P=0.196,P=0.305). Echocardiography showed that there was no significant difference in ejection fraction left ventricular end-diastolic diameter between the two groups (F=0.322, P=0.571; F=0.681, P=0.410). However, CABG+MVP improved mitral regurgitation better than CABG (F=160.222, P<0.01). Conclusions: For patients with coronary heart disease with moderate ischemic mitral insufficiency, the rates of all-cause mortality and major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events are similar between the two surgeries. Although CABG+MVP improves mitral regurgitation better than CABG, it increases the duration of surgery, ICU stay, postoperative hospital stay, and blood transfusion requirement.

Nonequlibrium magnetic features in a mixed spin (2, 5/2) Ising system driven by the external oscillating magnetic field by path probability method

Utilizing the path probability method, we investigated nonequilibrium magnetic features in a mixed spin (2, 5/2) Ising model Hamiltonian composed of bilinear and crystal-field interactions in the presence of an external oscillating magnetic field. We numerically solved the time dependence of average magnetizations to find the phases in the system. We examined the dynamic magnetizations to obtain dynamic phase transition (DPT) temperatures, the nature of the DPTs, and phases in the system. The dynamic phase diagrams (DPDs) were constructed in reduced temperature and the amplitude of oscillating magnetic field plane for various interaction parameters. We observed that the system gives very rich and interesting topological behaviors of DPDs, such as up to two dynamic tricritical points, six critical end points, a double critical end points, a zero-temperature critical point, one inverse critical end point and a quadruple point depending on interaction parameters. The system also exhibits paramagnetic, six distinct ferrimagnetic and three different nonmagnetic phases as well as up to eleven different mixed or hybrid phases. In addition, the system exhibits the reentrant behavior.

Statistical Assessment of Low-Cycle Fatigue Durability

This article presents an experimental–analytical statistical study of low-cycle fatigue to crack initiation and complete failure. The application of statistical and probability methods provides for the possibility of improving the characteristics related to the structural life and the justification for the respective values of cyclic loads in the design stage. Most studies investigating statistical descriptions of crack initiation or complete failure do not analyse the distribution of the characteristics, correlation relationships, and statistical parameters of low-cycle fatigue. Low-cycle failure may be quasistatic or (due to the fatigue) transient. Materials with contrasting cyclic properties were selected for the investigation: cyclically softening alloyed steel 15Cr2MoVA; cyclically stable structural steel C45; cyclically hardening aluminium alloy D16T1. All samples were produced in a single batch of each respective material to reduce the distribution of data. The lowest values of the variation coefficient of one of the key statistical indicators were obtained using the log-normal distribution, which is superior to the normal or Weibull distribution. Statistical analysis of the durability parameters showed that the distribution was smaller than the parameters of the distribution of the deformation diagram. The results obtained in the study enable the verification of durability and life of the structural elements of in-service facilities subjected to elastoplastic loading by assessing the distribution of characteristics of crack initiation and failure and low-cycle strain parameters as well as the permissible distribution limits.

Optimal foraging algorithm with direction prediction and Gaussian oscillation for constrained optimization problems

Optimal foraging algorithm (OFA) is a newly stochastic optimization technique and is famous for its computational accuracy. However, the high computational accuracy leads to slow convergence speed. Experimental results demonstrate that OFA is good at unimodal functions but poor at multimodal functions. To improve these drawbacks, in this paper a novel modified OFA with direction prediction and Gaussian oscillation, named OFA/P&G is introduced. In OFA/P&G, a transition matrix is constructed when a new global optimum is found to generate the candidate individuals. If the current global optimum does not change, the Gaussian oscillation is employed in a low probability and OFA update method is used in a high probability to generate the candidate individuals. The superior performance of OFA/P&G is verified on the 12 CEC2017 benchmark functions, 13 constrained benchmark functions and 5 engineering problems. Experimental results demonstrate that OFA/P&G outperforms other comparative algorithms. Finally, a real-world problem, drilling path optimization, is solved by OFA/P&G.

Perinatal risk factors for congenital hypothyroidism in very preterm infants: a multicenter prospective study

Objective: To investigate the incidence and perinatal risk factors of congenital hypothyroidism (CH) in very preterm infants. Methods: This prospective, multicenter observational cohort study was conducted at 33 neonatal intensive care units based on the data from Sina-northern Neonatal Network (SNN). Perinatal information and thyroid function of 3 179 very preterm infants with gestational age <32 weeks who were born from January 2019 to June 2021 was collected. According to the occurrence of CH during hospitalization, all the infants were assigned into CH group and non-CH group. Chi square test, Fisher exact probability method, rank sum test and multivariate Logistic regression model were tested to detect the perinatal risk factors for CH. Results: A total of 3 179 very preterm infants were enrolled with 56.4% (1 793/3 179) male. The incidence of CH was 6.9% (220/3 179), in which the incidence for extremely low birth weight infant (ELBWI) and extremely preterm infants (EPI) of gestational age <28 weeks were 13.5% (64/475) and 13.9% (66/475), respectively. On Logistic regression analysis, maternal hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (OR=1.59, 95%CI 1.14-2.23, P=0.007) and multiple birth (OR=1.60, 95%CI 1.18-2.17, P=0.003) were both significant perinatal risk factors of CH. In addition, gestational age (OR=0.81, 95%CI 0.71-0.93, P=0.002), birth weight (OR=0.99, 95%CI: 0.98-0.99, P<0.001) and 1 min Apgar score (OR=0.92, 95%CI 0.86-0.98, P=0.008) were protective factors. Conclusions: The incidence of CH is high in very preterm infants which increased with the decreased birth weight and gestational age. For very premature infants with perinatal high risk factors such as hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, attention should be paid to assess thyroid function status dynamically.

A Study on Opportunities &amp; Challenges of Micro and Small Scale Entrepreneurs Owned by Disability: In the Case of Physical, Hearing and Visually Impaired Persons in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

This research aims to make an assessment on the benefits and challenges of disable entrepreneurs who are working from micro and small enterprises with a special emphasizes on three types of impairment physical, hearing and visual in Addis Ababa. The research design was descriptive Method. The population was 326 entrepreneurs both probability and non-probability sampling method was applied, 266 physical, visual and hearing impaired entrepreneurs randomly selected. Purposive sampling method was used from the data was gathered from 30 key informants. Filed observation also undertaken. According to majority of respondent’ agreed disable entrepreneurs faced variety of challenges such as capital, un able to have tactical and administrative skill, inconvenient of manufacturing, selling places as well as market were the barriers to manage their business successfully. So the study was aimed to detect the major challenges. On the contrary, discrimination was not much difficulty to run business. Some countries of like Tanzania, and UK, stigma negatively affect their business but in Ethiopia people are interested to use products and services offered by disable entrepreneurs. Keywords: Entrepreneurs, impairment, challenge and opportunity DOI: 10.7176/RHSS/12-12-03 Publication date: June 30 th 2022

News topic detection based on capsule semantic graph

Most news topic detection methods use word-based methods, which easily ignore the relationship among words and have semantic sparsity, resulting in low topic detection accuracy. In addition, the current mainstream probability methods and graph analysis methods for topic detection have high time complexity. For these reasons, we present a news topic detection model on the basis of capsule semantic graph (CSG). The keywords that appear in each text at the same time are modeled as a keyword graph, which is divided into multiple subgraphs through community detection. Each subgraph contains a group of closely related keywords. The graph is used as the vertex of CSG. The semantic relationship among the vertices is obtained by calculating the similarity of the average word vector of each vertex. At the same time, the news text is clustered using the incremental clustering method, where each text uses CSG; that is, the similarity among texts is calculated by the graph kernel. The relationship between vertices and edges is also considered when calculating the similarity. Experimental results on three standard datasets show that CSG can obtain higher precision, recall, and F1 values than several latest methods. Experimental results on large-scale news datasets reveal that the time complexity of CSG is lower than that of probabilistic methods and other graph analysis methods.