Privatization Process Research Articles

Addressing contemporary challenges of Human Resource Development in Private and Cooperative sector milk processing organizations in Pune region

HRD practices in private and cooperative sector milk processing organizations in Pune region were investigated through 175 management and 1195 employee respondents of selected milk processing organizations from both the sector by adopting proportionate convenience sampling technique; which indicates that overall, fair & poor level of HRD practices found in private and cooperative milk processing organizations in Pune region; an enlightened organization would initiate immediate drastic HRD interventions to prevent the situation from deteriorating further by designing/re-designing effective HRD policy and developing good HRD practices. Management of both the sector milk processing organizations needs to design the existing HRD policy in line with standard practices so as to develop good HRD culture. Again, in between the two sectors, private and cooperative sector milk processing organizations in Pune region, cooperative sector was noticed to be drag behind by most of the poor HRD practices and indicating the acute need for addressing the issues. It strongly indicates the need for addressing the challenges of HRD practices being followed by implementing all HRD practices as per standard way to get the best HRD practices result in both the sectors milk processing organizations so as to sustain in global competition.

Bringing a justice lens to ocean access

AbstractMaritime spaces have transformed rapidly the last decades. Open waters and beaches have become restricted and sometimes privatized enclosures. Different forms of extractivism have led to biodiversity loss and in particular to declining fish populations. Additionally, large-scale coastal and marine infrastructure projects, such as deepening and widening of shipping channels, have destroyed important habitats. These profound socio-ecological transformations have had an impact on geographies of resource access and control and consequently on the ability of actors to access, use and benefit from coastal and marine space. Moreover, changes in the lending policies of local banks have posed additional and severe challenges for fishers’ ability to fish. Such processes effect in particular the livelihoods of coastal and small-scale fisher communities and consequently increase existing inequalities and injustices. We suggest to bring the literature on ocean justice and access and property into dialogue and develop a heuristic for analysing inequalities and justice claims. Based on qualitative case studies focussing on the Sicily (Italy), the Elbe estuary (Germany) and the Lofoten (Norway), we show that investigating access relations facilitates the identification of unequal societal relationships with nature. Our cases illustrate that power relations in which privatization processes and access relations are embedded, determine whether injustices can be translated into justice claims and how successful these claims are. Moreover, unequal socio-ecological relations are also influenced by what we call translocal justice. Translocal justice is often lost in processes of commodification, privatization and in the rescaling of political authority and power, as local ties and confidential relationships vanish.

Secularization: A Response from Canon Law Based on the Concept of the “Church on the Move” and Cooperation with the Civil Order in Cases of Abuse of Minors by Priests

The influence of secularization and secularism in today’s society has led to a process of privatization of religion. Faced with this reality, Pope Francis, in his Apostolic Exhortation Evangelii gaudium, has promoted the need for a pastoral conversion, betting on a “Church going out” that, on the one hand, can cope with this process and, on the other hand, go out to meet all those people who suffer in the existential peripheries. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate, through a qualitative and quantitative methodology, how canon law is a reality that cannot stand aside from this call and how, in the specific area of child abuse within the Church, it must opt for a position that we call “expansion” or extra ecclesiam, capable of recognizing and dealing with the cases that have occurred, as well as operating a system of cooperation with the civil order, with the aim of promoting justice and the common good of society, in order to limit the growing process of secularization.

Fostering educational excellence and addressing neoliberal challenges: Perspectives from principals and educators in Arab private schools in Israel

This study delves into the firsthand experiences of educators within private Arab schools in Israel in response to the escalating trends of privatization. Through conducting semi-structured interviews with 10 principals and educators from private institutions, a phenomenological approach was employed to uncover their perspectives on achievements and neoliberal challenges encountered in their educational roles. The findings elucidate a nuanced interplay of factors propelling the privatization process, including the demand for quality education, the cultivation of identity, and discontentment with public schooling systems. Participants highlighted the advantages offered by the flexibility and resources available in private educational settings. Nonetheless, concerns surfaced regarding issues of equitable access, regulatory oversight, workload demands, and clashes with the Ministry of Education’s privatization policies. Educators articulated both the benefits and risks associated with the privatization of schools. The study advocates for the implementation of standardized oversight mechanisms, specialized training to uphold principles of equity, fostering public–private partnerships, and the necessity for further research to shape practical policy that align privatization with educational excellence and equal opportunities. Insights gleaned from educational leaders navigating the complexities of privatization serve as a compass for devising strategies aimed at enhancing Arab schooling through evidence-based reforms.

Privatisation of the Indian Economy

An important change from an essentially state- controlled economic structure to one in which private businesses are major players is represented by the privatisation of the Indian economy. This action was taken in the early 1990s as a part of a larger series of economic reforms with the goals of boosting economic development, encouraging competition, and raising productivity. The shift to privatisation affected many important companies, but it also advanced finance and telecommunications, enhanced foreign direct investment, and enhanced service delivery. Nevertheless, there were additional difficulties with the privatisation process, including as opposition from the political establishment, obstacles from regulations, and issues with social fairness. India's economy has profited immensely from privatisation in terms of enhanced market integration, innovation, and economic success despite these obstacles. An overview of the reasons for the privatisation initiatives in India, as well as the procedures, conclusions, and current discussions, are given in this abstract.

A Qualitative Approach to Children Ideas About Dreams and Mind

Children's understanding of dreams as mental states was examined as an instance of their development of a mind in general. Ten children between three and nine years of age were interviewed to determine how well they understood the location, privacy, and origin of their own dreams and mind. Findings revealed significant age increases in dream and mind understanding. Results show that young children (3 to 5-years-old) experienced short dreams related to specific actions such as run, jump, or video games. Older children (7 to 8-years.old), however, report more complex dreams and twice as many dreams as younger children; more importantly, their role in dreams becomes more active. Data also show how children’s conceptions about private processes are not static but evolved with age in somehow predictable sequences as Kohlberg stated years ago (1969).

Understanding the historical processes of privatization policies in North Africa: Lessons from the cases of Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia

This paper provides a concise historical analysis of the political economy of privatization in Algeria, Morocco, and Tunisia from the 1980s to 2007, a period that witnessed the emergence of privatization as a primary policy tool to reform the public sector. The paper examines the influence of political history, macroeconomic considerations, and International Development Agencies (IDAs) on the early privatization processes in these North African countries. Despite shared developmental trajectories, internal and external factors had a significant impact on the outcomes of economic liberalization. The paper aims to answer the following key questions: What were the underlying political-economic factors driving privatization, and how successful was it in achieving the promised economic growth? Through a focused analysis of each country’s contextual factors, privatization processes, and outcomes, the paper contributes valuable insights into the nuanced dynamics shaping privatization in developing countries.

The normativity of logic and the natural normativity of argumentation

In this paper, I defend that logic has a normative status for reasoning. To support my argument, I question whether logic can be limited to a formal calculus that establishes relations among truth-bearers (Goldstein, 1988). Instead, I argue that logic encompasses the study of inference in ordinary language. Similarly, I challenge traditional views of reasoning that depict it as a private process of drawing inferences. Instead, I embrace perspectives that view reasoning as a social activity (Dutilh-Novaes, 2021; Godden, 2015; Kalis, 2022; Mackenzie, 1989). From these bases, I explore the concept of the natural normativity of argumentation (Gilbert, 2007; Jackson, 2019). Since argumentative practices inherently possess a normative dimension, logic aims to capture and represent the rules that govern these linguistic exchanges. Logical rules are the tools from which agents can exert normative control over argumentative practices.

‘I leave the everyday behind, everyday’: Sounds and spaces of the revanchist middle classes in Berlin’s Fünf Morgen Dahlem Urban village

Processes of gentrification and redevelopment have accelerated in Berlin in the decades following reunification, however the lens of research inquiry has most often been trained upon districts like Kreuzberg or Neukölln – areas synonymous with media portrayals of Berlin as a hedonistic, gritty, artistic location. These analyses rarely deal with how the regulation of sound features in Berlin’s reshaping via investment capital. This paper builds on previous research on housing developments and regeneration in Berlin, however it centres itself within the under-researched, affluent space of Dahlem in southwest Berlin. While this long affluent area does not necessarily undergo new-build gentrification, luxury developments like Fünf Morgen provoke sonic and spatial conflicts that highlight cleavages between different factions of the middle-classes. The paper shows how luxury housing projects come to shape the sonic and spatial atmospheres of cities via a micro-examination of sonic and spatial struggles around Fünf Morgen Dahlem Urban Village built almost 10 years ago. Through a discursive and ethnographic engagement with the everyday life of this site formerly occupied by the American Army Forces, the paper explores the urban atmospheres created by these projects after their instantiation. It evidences the neoliberal privatisation processes at work via sonic and spatial conflicts in already affluent city areas.

Reforming the structure and models of privatization

The article is devoted to the monitoring of the economic situation in Ukraine, the activities of control bodies and the coverage of approaches to reforming the ownership structure based on privatization processes. The analysis of the situation occurring in the field of privatization characterizes their complexity, which is caused by the state of war and instability in the state, the spread of illegal possession of state property and other destabilizing factors used by the structures of the aggressor country to achieve their own goals. The need for further localization of shadow privatization schemes is determined by the growth of the share of foreign capital in strategic sectors of the economy and in critical infrastructure facilities, which is one of the greatest modern threats to the economic sphere of Ukraine, which is dangerous for the economic independence of Ukraine. In the framework of stabilization privatization, the need to take into account not only national legislation, but also international norms, in particular the provisions of the OECD Declaration «On International Investments and Multinational Enterprises», which deals with the national regime, conflicting requirements for corporations and international investments, which should be applied in current conditions and in the post- war period of Ukraine. In this regard, it is worth defining a state body that will competently and competently manage Russian assets that are subject to sanctions and that will be transferred by partner countries after they are unfrozen for the restoration of our state according to the standards of sovereign funds or national welfare funds. Post-war privatization should contain an evolutionary basis and attention to national assets, especially in basic industries and relatively non-renewable resources that belong to the citizens of Ukraine. Thus, a clear balance is necessary between the needs of the country in the person of its institutions and the rights and freedoms of a person and a citizen, which are guaranteed and narrowing of their content is not allowed when adopting new laws or making changes to existing laws. It is worth preserving the foundations of Article 41 of the Constitution of Ukraine, which stipulates that everyone has the right to own, use and dispose of their property, and no one can be unlawfully deprived of the right to property, which is inviolable and guaranteed by Article 1 of the «First Protocol to the Convention on the Protection of Human Rights and fundamental freedoms». Thus, the design of the future privatization should also take into account the elements of the historical privatization part, which began with the recognition of Ukraine’s independence and is regulated by the provisions of the Decree of the President of Ukraine «On the procedure for allocating lands transferred to collective ownership to agricultural enterprises and organizations» dated August 8, 1995 No. 720, which are still in force today remain relevant in view of today’s challenges (focusing on threats to food security) and sometimes require the intervention of regulatory and law enforcement agencies, since without the past there is no future.

The Impact of Privatization of Nigeria’s Electricity Industry on the Quality of Electricity Service Delivery in Lokoja Metropolis

This study empirically examined the impact of the privatization of the electricity industry on electricity service delivery in the Lokoja metropolis by Abuja Electricity Distribution Company (AEDC). Data for the study were elicited from copies of structured questionnaire administered to 400 (four hundred) residential electricity consumers in the Lokoja metropolis via the cluster sampling technique. Data were analyzed using simple percentages, frequency distribution tables and the mean (x) score respectively. The rational choice theory which provides insight into how the vested interests of Nigeria’s ruling class compromised the privatization process of the Nation’s electricity industry constituted the theoretical foundation of the study. Findings revealed, among other things, that the privatization of the electricity industry in Nigeria has not translated to significant improvement in power supply in the Lokoja metropolis and that electricity billing is not a fair reflection of the electricity consumption rate in the metropolis. To this end, the study concluded that the privatization of Nigeria’s electricity industry has not impacted positively on electricity service delivery in the Lokoja metropolis. Consequently, the study recommended, amongst others, that the Nigerian government should put in place measures to attract globally reputable electricity utility companies to invest in the Nation’s electricity industry and prepaid metering as against estimated billing should be the sole criterion for determining electricity consumers' tariff in the country.

Why do local governments privatize? Political representation and contagion in the privatization of welfare services in Sweden

AbstractPrevious research has highlighted that decentralization is key to understanding the marketization of the Swedish welfare state, while local political factors are important to explaining the subnational differences in actual degrees of welfare service privatization. Other research has highlighted the impact of pragmatism rather than ideology in local government's decisions to outsource welfare services, including policy diffusion through geographical proximity to highly privatized municipalities. However, little research has been done on the role or type of political representation and whether this matters to the diffusion of welfare service privatization. Thus, there is little knowledge about whether local governments are primarily responsive to public preferences, the ideological position of the local government, or influences from neighboring municipalities. Drawing on the literature on political representation and policy diffusion, I test three hypotheses: that the local governments are primarily responsive to public preferences (sanction representation), that local governments are primarily responsive to their own ideological position (gyroscopic representation), or that local governments are primarily influenced by outsourcing in neighboring municipalities (contagion). Using a time‐lagged correlational design with survey data covering both local politicians and ordinary municipal residents, as well as public accounts of municipal outsourcing, I find that public preferences play a negligible role to the privatization process. A minor part of the between‐municipal variation in welfare service privatization can be attributed to the preferences of local politicians (gyroscopic representation), while a more substantial part is due to pressures from outsourcing among municipal neighbors (contagion).

Making Sense of Cyberbullying: Stories of Men and Women at Work

This article explores how women and men appraise and interpret their experiences of cyberbullying at work and how they respond to such behaviours within a gendered cultural space, using the theory of sensemaking. Within the interpretive research paradigm, data was collected through in-depth, in-person interviews from 10 male and 25 female employees who had experienced cyberbullying. The findings indicated the similar and different ways that sense was made by men and women employees about their cyberbullying experiences. While making sense of cyberbullying experiences has been a very social endeavour for women, it has been a relatively private and individual process for men. Further, women had been more assertive and had relentlessly attempted to clear their image and regain their fractured identities as respectable women, while men mainly had been passive in trying to protect their fractured identities as good performers. Further, gender role stereotypes and gender scripts appeared to have influenced the sensemaking process and the participants’ reactions. This article contributes to the limited literature on cyberbullying at work and develops existing understandings of how men and women understand and react to cyberbullying experiences in a gendered cultural context.

Rigidness of planning law causing fragile grounds for crafting planning tools: neoliberal power and ideology immersed on urban space

ABSTRACT This study undertakes an in-depth examination of the planning and privatization process in Istanbul, Turkey, with a particular focus on the interplay of capital, networking, and implicit relationships among various layers of authority and actors. The primary objective is to unravel the intricate dynamics of power relations within these processes and their ramifications for institutional ethics in planning. Specifically, the study investigates how these dynamics contribute to the expansion of building rights and the commodification of urban public land. Moreover, this study delves into the diverse driving forces that perpetuate instability in the planning process, encompassing aspects such as procedural intricacies, resultant outcomes, and broader implications. It recognizes the influence of interventionist governance and the intricate web of power relationships in shaping these dynamics. In essence, this research endeavours to offer a comprehensive understanding of the planning and privatization process in Istanbul, shedding light on the underlying power dynamics and their repercussions for institutional ethics and urban development. By unearthing these insights, it seeks to contribute to inform the development of legal frameworks and policies that promote transparency, ethical conduct, and sustainable urban planning practices.

Does the Concept of Property Rights Hold Relevance for Human Resource Performance?

In a world where information technologies (ITs) are globalizing and acting directly and explicitly on organizations, the question of property rights neutrality becomes strategic. In this study, the authors investigated whether ownership is a determinant of human resource performance or whether it is driven by factors other than ownership (e.g., technology and IT). Thus, the major objective of this research was to find out under what conditions ownership exerts a nonneutral effect on the performance of human resources and whether these effects are dependent on the technological aspects of organizations. The authors' methodology included two techniques, namely, nonparametric tests applied to the main indicators of 21 privatized companies (operating in the IT and other sectors) in the Tunisian case, and panel data to explain the impact of privatizations on human resources. The results showed that the privatization process has allowed an improvement in productivity indicators through an increase in incentive systems, particularly for companies with high technological content. The application of the econometric technique evidenced a whole policy of restructuring the allocation of human resources, in the postprivatization period. This makes sense because the incentive system of newly privatized companies strived to be more efficient. Furthermore, the second model showed that human resource dynamics after privatization depends on the business cycle and the nature of investors and IT. The third model confirmed the idea that privatization leads to an improvement in the workforce and its productivity in the long term. Overall, the study generated important managerial implications, the most important of which is that privatization can only generate a positive effect on human resource performance when employees feel involved in the process and as much as the organization is involved in new ITs.

Disembedded politics: discourses on Neoliberal Labor Law reforms in Lithuania (2014–2016)

Since regaining its independence in 1991, Lithuania has undergone a process of chaotic privatization in which labor was systematically disempowered, above all, by the targeted erosion of labor rights formally endorsed in the pre-existing Soviet labor code. In the newly legitimized and aggressive pro-business environment of the post-Soviet era, organized labor's residual power was seen as an anachronistic impediment to the power of capital in reshaping society and the economy. This article investigates the political dynamics of disembedded labor law reform in Lithuania, which enabled neoliberal reformers to legislate while disregarding broader societal interests and imposing unilateral changes in labor relations. A content analysis of 852 news media reports on labor law reforms published in 2014–2016 was used to demonstrate how discursive and institutional exclusion and sequencing were employed by the neoliberal government to circumvent the interests of major social and economic groups, resulting in the passage of pro-business legislation. The implications of resorting to disembedded politics in the labor reform process are discussed.

Rethinking Enclosed Neighbourhoods: Vital Infrastructure for Design Innovation, Civic Engagement, and Biopower in Urban China

Capitalist processes of urbanization and privatization have produced a growing number of enclosed neighbourhoods across the world. Critical scholarship often frames these neighbourhoods as products of an overextended neoliberalism and symbols of the fragmentation, segregation, and hierarchization of both space and society. This paper expands on these theoretical explanations with a focus on China. As neither neoliberal globalization nor tradition can adequately explain various types of China's enclosed neighbourhoods, a differentiated account suggests that they have evolved in different temporal, sociocultural, and political-economic contexts. Nevertheless, they have commonly played vital roles in (re)shaping everyday environments, driving economic restructuring, transforming governance systems, and facilitating normative transformations in China. China's experiences show that enclosed neighbourhoods have been, and will remain, the everyday environments that shape citizens' behaviours, values, and social relations. They have also served, and will continue to serve, as the vital infrastructure that enables both civic engagement and biopolitical control – an irony that remains to be resolved. Lessons from China suggest that future research and practice on enclosed neighbourhoods in different parts of the world can embrace the heterogeneity, adaptability, and practicability of neighbourhood transformations to inspire design and development innovation, enhance social cohesion, and empower citizens.

The role of quality in airport services in passenger satisfaction at Aden Adde International Airport, Mogadishu, Somalia

Service quality is crucial for all service providers operating in the open market across all industries, particularly in the aviation sector, which produces billions of dollars in annual revenue from its services. The level of service quality significantly influences client satisfaction, and conversely, customer happiness reciprocally affects the service provider. In order to attain diverse company objectives, it is imperative to prioritize customer happiness specifically during the process of privatization. The primary objective of this research is to examine the influence of airport service quality on customer satisfaction within the context of a privatized airport. Descriptive and correlation analyses were utilized in the study. A total of 400 questionnaires were administered to passengers who embarked from Aden Adde International Airport as part of the study. Subsequently, the data was subjected to analysis utilizing a statistical software program designed for social science software (SPSS). The results of this analysis revealed a robust and positive correlation between Airport customer services and customer happiness. The study additionally revealed that a significant proportion of the airport's passengers expressed dissatisfaction with the services provided by Aden Adde International airport.

The Historiography and Research on State-Socialist Housing: Prague’s Paneláky

Communist-era apartment buildings (paneláky) in Prague are home to 40 percent of the city’s population. Since the 1990s, following the end of state socialism, they have almost completely fallen into private ownership in the all-encompassing process of post-socialist privatization. They served as a stage and conduit for socio-cultural and economic change and as such, they reflect the transformed and transformative relationship between architecture, capitalism, heritage, and state. By examining the scholarly discourse on state-socialist housing produced since the fall of communism in Europe in 1989 — which has grown steadily in the past decade — this position paper aims to outline the main trends, themes, and gaps in historiography and research into the paneláky in Prague and to suggest new avenues for inquiry into the urban and architectural heritage of state-socialist housing estates in the Czech capital.

ECONOMIC ISSUES OF LAND USE IMPROVEMENT AND ACTIVATION OF THE LAND MARKET IN UKRAINE

Land resources, together with other means of production, are actively used in the process of social and economic activity in Ukraine. Under such conditions, the system of land relations, the main forms of land ownership, as well as the peculiarities of owning and using it, which correspond to world experience, were formed. On the basis of the study of scientific works, the land legislation of Ukraine and conducting research, the problematic issues of land relations in the conditions of the development of the market economy in Ukraine and the improvement of the efficiency of land as a resource and means of labor are presented. Ukraine’s desire to rebuild land relations and develop them in accordance with world standards objectively led to the formation of a new system of land management and land use, which is focused on achieving sustainable development, on the formation of an effective landowner and subject of activity on land. In Ukraine, the basic principles of effective development of land management have been created, which provide for equal rights for all forms and subjects of land ownership. In order to ensure a strong economy of the state, special attention should be paid to the activation of the land market, the increase in the amount of rental income of farms and subjects. This should significantly increase the socio-economic development of Ukraine’s economy. Land rent acts as an economic form of realizing the right to own land through rent, occupies a prominent place in pricing, directly shapes the price of land, which is extremely important for the potential of agriculture in market conditions. Economic prerequisites and mechanisms for the effective functioning of land ownership entities are expected to be provided through state regulation of the domestic land market using mainly monetary and commodity interventions. Considerable attention should be paid to the mechanisms of ensuring the solvency of land owners and users and the activation of the processes of further privatization of land resources with the help of preferential lending. The problem of activation and stabilization of the land market began to be solved thanks to the state policy in Ukraine, which is oriented towards European integration.