Private Zone Research Articles

PERANCANGAN PLAZA LAMONGAN DENGAN TEMA ARSITEKTUR NEO VERNAKULAR

Plaza is a certain area consisting of one or several shops that are erected vertically orhorizontally in a city, which are sold or leased to business actors or managed independently toconduct goods trading activities. The use of neo vernacular architectural themes aims to preservelocal elements formed empirically by a tradition which then more or less undergoes renewaltowards a more modern or advanced work without putting aside local traditional values. Buildingsthat are more varied, flexible, innovative, dynamic and diverse, both in material and technologyare able to achieve visual targets, rooms and outdoor spaces that achieve harmony in the Plazadesign. And also this concept in principle pays attention to normative, cosmological principles,the role and local culture in people's lives and the harmony between buildings, nature and theenvironment. The whole building has 3 zoning, namely the private zone, the semi-public zone, andthe public zone.

Optimalisasi Overload Traffic Dan Request Cloud Environment Menggunakan Metode Content Delivery Network Dan Private Zone Di RCTI+

Since 2019 Indonesia has had rapid development, especially in the digital industry, recorded at the 2020 World Economic Forum. Indonesia has 2,193 startup companies engaged in the digital field. It can also affect the ability of these companies to address existing or future digital problems. As is known, down or system failure in a server can cause losses in the company's economy. For a company the size of Facebook alone, it could suffer a loss of 99.75 million US Dollars. One of the causes of server failure is Overload Traffic and Request Cloud Environment caused by the large number of requests submitted to the server. Requests submitted to the server are recorded into 2 data, namely, CCU (Count Current User) and Traffic. In this study, the author uses the CDN and Private zone methods on Alibaba Cloud to share the server load so that there is no downtime or server failure caused by Overload Traffic and Request Cloud. It is hoped that this research can be helpful to networking engineers in overcoming Traffic Overload and Request Cloud, especially on Alibaba Cloud.

Law and Love in Ovid: Courting Justice in the Age of Augustus by Ioannis Ziogas

Reviewed by: Law and Love in Ovid: Courting Justice in the Age of Augustus by Ioannis Ziogas Teresa Ramsby Law and Love in Ovid: Courting Justice in the Age of Augustus. By Ioannis Ziogas. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2021. Pp. xiii + 420. Hardback, $115.00. ISBN: 9780198845140. The presence of legal and forensic rhetoric in Ovid’s many works has long been a subject of interest among scholars. In his recent monograph, Ioannis Ziogas dials up the significance of these aspects of Ovid’s poetic style by claiming that they are not merely reflective of Ovid’s legal training, as described in his autobiographical poems. Ziogas also rejects the notion that Ovid is simply being playful with legal terms within the sportive and culturally parodic context of elegiac love poetry. Rather, Ziogas asserts that Ovid is purposefully and provocatively building towers of poetic and legal structures on two important foundations, the first being the concept of sovereign exceptionalism that culminates in Augustus who, for the first time in Roman political history, stood alone, outside the law, [End Page 484] while making the laws (as princeps). The second foundation is the forensic language of prior poets (Catullus, Tibullus and Propertius) who had already explored the idea of the amator as living outside the Roman system and who thus created terminologies to define that existence, with words and phrases that we are well familiar with, such as servitium amoris, militia amoris, otiosus and exclusus. Ovid’s legal structures of language and those of Latin love elegy in general, Ziogas explains, anticipate “the juridico-political milieu of the Principate” (55), so that “the sacrosanctity of the poet and that of the prince exist in parallel, if not in tension” (57). Ovid far surpassed his predecessors in his application of these precarious poetics, and, as we know, the tension he created did not resolve peacefully for him. In the introductory first chapter, Ziogas provides the theoretical basis of this interpretation, relying heavily on the work of Giorgio Agamben, whose notions of the homo sacer and the sovereign exception have been influential in philosophy, sociology, political science and ancient world studies. Ziogas discusses the creation of Augustus’s tribunician and sacrosanct status, as developed by Verrius Flaccus (and cited in Pompeius Festus centuries later), as bearing great similarity to Agamben’s homo sacer who lives a “bare life” outside the juridical order – a place of vulnerability for most, but a supremely protected and powerful place for Augustus. Ziogas summons many elegiac examples to make a compelling case for the idea of the elegiac amator as a man outside the law – governed not by the compelling cultural forces that shape the Roman man, but by the laws and legal environments he creates within his poems. The remaining seven chapters are divided into three sections and the work concludes with an epilogue. Part I: The Trials of Love (Chapters 2–4), develops the Ovidian amator as homo sacer, established primarily through recusatio, where forensic arguments are deployed through these acts of rejection, placing the poet in a position of enacting and empowering whichever pleasure principle he chooses to pursue. This ability is compared to the power of the princeps who is not constrained by any external force to pursue (or dismantle) the legal code of Rome. Ziogas then examines the courtroom dramas that unfold in the Amores (particularly 2.7, 2.19 and 3.4), whereby Ovid makes “free love the absolute basis of legality” and “defines a private zone that lies outside the juridical order” (141). In Chapter 4, Ziogas demonstrates how the paired epistles written by Acontius and Cydippe (Heroides 20 and 21) complicate “the issue of intention in the enactment of contracts and in falling in love,” (198), a poetic innovation that points to “the rise of epistolography in imperial adjudication” (199). [End Page 485] In Part II: Lex Amatoria (Chapters 5–6), Ziogas charts the “continuity of didactic and elegiac traditions from Hesiod to Ovid” (203) in his exploration of Ovid’s defense of his work in the Ars amatoria and its overt opposition to Augustus’s marital laws. He draws fruitful comparisons between Ovid’s didactic works and those...

Scottish Medical Imaging Service - Technical and Governance controls.

ObjectivesThe Scottish Medical Imaging (SMI) service provides linkable, population based, “research-ready” real-world medical images for researchers to develop or validate AI algorithms within the Scottish National Safe Haven. The PICTURES research programme is developing novel methods to enhance the SMI service offering through research in cybersecurity and software/data/infrastructure engineering. ApproachAdditional technical and governance controls were required to enable safe access to medical images. The researcher is isolated from the rest of the trusted research environment (TRE) using a Project Private Zone (PPZ). This enables researchers to build and install their own software stack, and protects the TRE from malicious code. Guidelines are under development for researchers on the safe development of algorithms and the expected relationship between the size of the model and the training dataset. There is associated work on the statistical disclosure control of models to enable safe release of trained models from the TRE. ResultsA policy enabling the use of “Non-standard software” based on prior research, domain knowledge and experience gained from two contrasting research studies was developed. Additional clauses have been added to the legal control – the eDRIS User Agreement – signed by each researcher and their Head of Department. Penalties for attempting to import or use malware, remove data within models or any attempt to deceive or circumvent such controls are severe, and apply to both the individual and their institution. The process of building and deploying a PPZ has been developed allowing researchers to install their own software. No attempt has yet been made to add additional ethical controls; however, a future service development could be validating the performance of researchers’ algorithms on our training dataset. ConclusionThe availability to conduct research using images poses new challenges and risks for those commissioning and operating TREs. The Private Project Zone and our associated governance controls are a huge step towards supporting the needs of researchers in the 21st century.

Fuel retention in WEST and ITER divertors based on FESTIM monoblock simulations

The influence of the input power (IP), puffing rate and neutral pressure on the fuel (hydrogen isotopes) inventory of the WEST and ITER divertors is investigated. For the chosen range of parameters (relatively low temperature at the strike points), the inventory of the WEST divertor evolves as the power 0.2 of the puffing rate and as the power 0.3 of the IP. The inventory at the strike points is highly dominated by ions whereas it is dominated by neutrals in the private zone. Increasing the fuelling rate increases the retention in the private zone and decreases slightly the retention at the strike points. Increasing the IP increases the inventory at the strike points and does not affect much the inventory at the private flux region. The inventory of the ITER divertor is not strongly dependent on the divertor neutral pressure. The inventory increases from 0 Pa to 7 Pa and then decreases slightly from 7 Pa to 10 Pa. After 107 s of continuous exposure, the maximum inventory in the ITER divertor was found to be 14 g. The inventory is not maximum at the strike points due to the high surface temperature of the monoblocks in this region. The maximum accumulation of H in the ITER divertor is below 5 mg per 400 s discharge and below 2 mg per 400 s discharge after 200 discharges.

Public and Private in the Social Communications: Historical and Sociological Approach

The article traces the evolution of the relationship between public and private during the development of human communication, starting from the earliest stages, when communication of a public nature was nothing more than a purposeful translation of general norms of behavior, taboos, beliefs, worldviews, attitudes toward power, helped to coordinate the efforts of the members of a clan, a tribe, in order to survive, to preserve some stability, to exist in time and space. Practically, such a model with some variations prevailed over a long period of human development. The new time has generated a new communication actor - a person who claimed to own a share of the private zone. In this sense, the practice of using social networks is interesting, with all their features within the stated theme: accessibility for supervising bodies and advertising are the defense of personal data, the possibility for communication in forums.

High-resolution heat flux width measurements at reactor-level magnetic fields and observation of a unified width scaling across confinement regimes in the Alcator C-Mod tokamak

New data from Alcator C-Mod have extended the range of heat flux measurements and scalings to poloidal magnetic fields above ITER-level. Knowledge of how the scrape-off layer heat flux width (λq) scales with machine parameters is crucial for designing fusion reactors and developing a power exhaust solution. An international database indicated that λq scaled approximately inversely with the poloidal magnetic field (Bp) and had no other significant dependencies. However, reactor-class tokamaks are expected to have at least 50% higher Bp than the maximum of that database (0.8 T). Alcator C-Mod has been the only diverted tokamak capable of operating at reactor-level Bp, up to ~1.3 T. A major focus of the final experimental campaign on Alcator C-Mod was to characterize λq over a wide range of conditions, utilizing a unique array of heat flux sensors with unprecedented spatial resolution and heat flux dynamic range. The heat flux width scaling is found to extend up to Bp ~ 1.3 T in H-mode. Looking across confinement regimes we find the remarkable result that λq exhibits a unified dependence on volume-averaged core plasma pressure (). Within a standard deviation of about 20%, the heat flux width in any of the C-Mod plasmas studied (L-, I-, and H-mode) is proportional to the inverse square root of . It is also found that the standard prescription of representing the target plate heat flux profile as a convolution of exponential and Gaussian functions does not capture the heat flux profile measured in the private zone; a purely exponential decay fits the data better in this region to >3 orders of magnitude in heat flux dynamic range.

Wyman, Alina The Gift of Active Empathy: Scheler, Bakhtin, and Dostoevsky (review)

SEER, 96, 2, APRIL 2018 340 Academy, Dmitry Grigorovich. If Dostoevskii does not emerge as a likeable character (this much we already knew; his elder brother Mikhail by contrast comes across as a saint), then the rounded and fair-minded picture we are given at least makes him more understandable. There is no attempt to hide Dostoevskii’s frankly unpleasant traits or behaviour, but we also see the pressures he was under, the understanding of his own talent and struggles to realize it, and the tensions between uncontrollable vanity and self-doubt that are more than a little reminiscent of Mr Goliadkin and his double, on whose story Dostoevskii was also working in this period. Marullo’s selection is very revealing of Dostoevskii’s creative process and his personality. Subsequent volumes covering the rest of the author’s life will make excellent companion pieces to existing, more traditional, biographies, and are to be eagerly anticipated. UCL SSEES Sarah J. Young Wyman, Alina. The Gift of Active Empathy: Scheler, Bakhtin, and Dostoevsky. Studies in Russian Literature and Theory. Northwestern University Press, Evanston, IL, 2016. xiv + 323 pp. Notes. Bibliography. Index. $39.95 (paperback). Bakhtin’s book on Dostoevskii was attacked as ‘idealist’ by its first Marxist reviewers in 1929. Ever since, its dazzling but not watertight case for polyphony and the dialogic word has prompted philosophically equipped critics to offer correctives. Alina Wyman is among the best. Her method is to use the younger Bakhtin to improve upon the older, with the help of the German phenomenologist Max Scheler, whose work on sympathy Bakhtin admired. Add a Schelerian supplement, Wyman suggests, and Bakhtin’s early Kantian ruminations on self-other relations — where my ‘I’ is dutybound to consummate yours — can be made compatible with his Dostoevskii study, which promotes radical incompleteness and shared being. Bakhtin on Dostoevskii is problematic. On the level of character, a constant privileging of the other in dialogue and the ‘coexistence-and-interaction’ mandate in polyphony ignore a hero’s growth over time and discourage cultivation of a private zone. On the level of novelistic construction, the leveling effects of dialogue and polyphony obscure Dostoevskii’s hierarchy of values. But balance can be restored if we revive Bakhtin’s early concept of vzhivanie or ‘live entering’: the ‘active empathy’ of the title. This is not Nietzsche’s despised pity, reactive and duplicative. ‘Active’ here means morally potent. The empathizer does not collapse into the other’s pain. Rather, my ‘I’ briefly steps in to your space (the mechanism here is unclear), our horizons momentarily coincide REVIEWS 341 and are mutually enriched, after which we return to our separate selves. Such compassionate, temporary consummation of ‘I’ and ‘other’ is never a finalization, never a fusion, always a possible way out. To be properly understood, Wyman contends, Dostoevskii’s positive heroes need both Bakhtin and Scheler. Scheler’s model permits a self to retain a private ‘surplus’, its own ‘individual ineffable’, which gives it the dignity, traction for change, and trust in the wholeness of its own embodied image that Bakhtin withholds. To presume unfinalizability or full open access in human encounters is not an unalloyed good. In pursuit of optimal mutual incarnation in Dostoevskii, Wyman organizes her study in three sections. The introduction and first two chapters lay out the fragile, fraught task of empathy, the intuiting of another’s consciousness. Chapters four to six are microreadings of actively empathetic moments in three masterworks: House of the Dead, The Idiot and Brothers Karamazov. The prison quasi-memoir is partially successful (but mostly in retrospect). The Idiot is largely a failure (Myshkin’s fusing with the sufferer makes matters worse). Alesha Karamazov is a victory. Alesha knows his own mind, acts on it, can be sorrowful when humiliated but is not insulted, and thus manages to consummate others but not finalize them, making him everyone’s favoured ‘uniquely competent friend’ (p. 215). Bridging these two sections is chapter three, a dark digression on anti-empathy in the Underground through Scheler’s concept of resentment. When, out of a misguided quest for freedom, the Underground Man refuses to incarnate himself, an impotent unfinalizable fury sets in, and forever. Sixty pages...

SETTLEMENT OPEN SPACE DEVELOPMENT BY APPROACH WSUD METHOD IN MANADO CITY

Nowadays, the quality of green open space in urban settlements is gradually decreasing because of land use changes as well as new building construction. Moreover, urban community is often facing risk of river flooding and rainwater puddles during the rainy season. The purpose of this research is developing an urban open space network with function to managing rain water in settlement areas in Manado city. The WSUD planning principles is analysis as research variable and open space areas are defined into four type’s namely public zone, semipublic zone, semi private zone and private zone. This open space zones is considering into two main aspect, first the user of space (private or public) and next the decision maker (individual, groups, local government). The planning concept for urban settlement areas sensitive to water can be achieved by approaching three development types: open space network, buildings layout and streetscape.

Reasons in Support of Data Security and Data Security Management as Two Independent Concepts: A New Model.

Introduction:Any information which is generated and saved needs to be protected against accidental or intentional losses and manipulations if it is to be used by the intended users in due time. As such, information managers have adopted numerous measures to achieve data security within data storage systems, along with the spread of information technology.Background:The “data security models” presented thus far have unanimously highlighted the significance of data security management. For further clarification, the current study first introduces the “needs and improvement” cycle; the study will then present some independent definitions, together with a support umbrella, in an attempt to shed light on the data security management.Findings:Data security focuses on three features or attributes known as integrity, identity of sender(s) and identity of receiver(s). Management in data security follows an endless evolutionary process, to keep up with new developments in information technology and communication. In this process management develops new characteristics with greater capabilities to achieve better data security. The characteristics, continuously increasing in number, with a special focus on control, are as follows: private zone, confidentiality, availability, non-repudiation, possession, accountability, authenticity, authentication and auditability.Conclusion:Data security management steadily progresses, resulting in more sophisticated features. The developments are in line with new developments in information and communication technology and novel advances in intrusion detection systems (IDS). Attention to differences between data security and data security management by international organizations such as the International Standard Organization (ISO), and International Telecommunication Union (ITU) is necessary if information quality is to be enhanced.

Decentralized Control of Multi-AGV Systems in Autonomous Warehousing Applications

In this paper, we present an algorithm for decentralized control of multiple automated guided vehicles performing transportation tasks within industrial and warehousing environments. By running on each vehicle in the system, the algorithm provides vehicles with capabilities for autonomous path planning and motion co-ordination. The path planning part of the algorithm implements a free-ranging motion scheme by determining the shortest feasible paths considering nonholonomic vehicle constraints. The motion co-ordination part of the algorithm ensures safe vehicle motions by reliable detection and resolution of different conflict situations with other vehicles in the shared workspace. Conflict resolution is based on a vehicle priority scheme and results in temporary stopping or removal of the lower priority vehicles taking part in the conflict. Removal action is always performed within the vehicle’s private zone , i.e., the preallocated local region of the workspace surrounding the vehicle. By encoding information on the vehicle size and its kinematic constraints, the introduced private zone mechanism provides the necessary physical space required for successful execution of every removal action. We also analyze the stability of the presented algorithm and discuss its deadlock-free and livelock-free properties. Algorithm performance has been validated by simulation using ten vehicles and experimentally on two different setups—a laboratory setup comprising five Pioneer 3DX vehicles and by two state-of-the-art autonomous forklifts in industrial-like operating conditions.

Naturally surveilled space: the design of a male drug rehabilitation center

The increase of drug addicts in Indonesia has not been supported by adequate facilities, both quantitatively and qualitatively. Despite being treated in a rehabilitation center, drug addicts may still use drugs surreptitiously and put themselves in danger. Architectural design may contribute to this either positively or negatively. This article elaborates a therapeutic design of a male rehabilitation center in the borderland of Bandung city, Indonesia. Employing the notion of natural surveillance, the rehabilitation center is designed to allow continual control over attendees without them feeling suppressed. The center design uses the behavioral approach to consider both attendees’ physical and psychological comforts, as well as their security. Building masses are designed in a way that forms an inward orientation and are laid out circularly according to the therapy processes that attendees must undertake. Moreover, rooms are planned differently in response to attendees’ unique conditions and restrictive physical requirements, such as their restriction on lighting and requirement of water for treatment. The landscape uses shady trees and vegetations as natural borders to demarcate the private zone, where attendees live, from the public area, where visitors may enter. The design is intended to provide a model for a responsive drug rehabilitation center that facilitates drug addicts’ recovery.

The concept of privacy and its effects on residential layout and design: Amman as a case study

The continued increase of housing costs related to construction and land property in Jordan has greatly impacted the housing market. As a result, smaller sizes of residential units have been planned and developed with an eye to the meager financial means of the average Jordanian. In this research work, an assessment of the internal layouts of residential units in the capital city of Amman was undertaken to discover how these new design trends affect the privacy of individuals occupying the units. Several different types of layouts were analyzed in terms of privacy and functional zones (number and types of zones) along with the relationship between these zones. As a result of this study, two design layouts have emerged. We will refer to these as the Dual Zone and the Triple Zone layouts. It was observed that as the number of zones increased within a housing unit, the amount of privacy also increased substantially. For this reason, the Triple Zone, which exhibits a higher level of privacy, does so because it provides a semi-private buffer zone (or transitional zone) between the private zone and the public zone. This effectively reduces the social interaction between unit occupants which results in increased privacy. Given the above, there exists a real need to propose various space layouts with the goal of achieving multiple levels of privacy; the aim being to improve the quality of life within residential units themselves.

COMPARISON BETWEEN TRADITIONAL JAVANESE ROOM ARRANGEMENT AND PRODUCTIVE HOUSES ROOM ARRANGEMENTS IN KAUMAN, PEKALONGAN – CENTRAL JAVA

House is a basic need for every human being besides food and clothing. A house itself is physically formed by a cluster of rooms, arranged according to the activities zones in it (such as public zone, semi-public zone, private zone and service zone). Social, economic and cultural conditions bring about changes in residential houses from time to time. Indonesia, a country of 33 provinces and lots of cultural heritages, has many different traditional houses. Each traditional house has its own unique characteristics. Pekalongan is a city located on the North Coast of Java Island, Central Java province. It is 108 years old and is known as Batik Town. Kauman is one area in Pekalongan that is officially designated as Batik Tourism village, since the locals of Kauman have been Batik artisans for many generations. The residential area in Kauman (which has dual functions: for residential purpose and business purpose) is observed and evaluated. From the evaluation the comparison of room arrangements between the original Javanese traditional house and the productive houses of Kauman is visible. The focus of this study is on houses that have the dual functions, both as a place of residence and as a place of business (usually termed “productive house”). The comparison of room arrangements is observed through direct observation and visual recording of Kauman, Pekalongan. This is a qualitative study. Data from observation is primary data, which is later evaluated based on Pekalongan Javanese traditional house philosophy. The result of the evaluation is in the form of description. Further research may use this study as a reference.

Arabic Youth Mobile Usages in Egypt & Bahrain Mobile as “ black box” .. A Qualitative Approach

In the last few years, telephone mobile usages have become increasingly popular amongst various social and age groups around the world. So this study aimed to explore youth special or secret mobile phone usages, functions , motives, and its social prospective through qualitative study on 60 young male and female belong to high economical class in both, Cairo and El-Bahrain by in-depth interviews through socio-cultural framework which enabled us to understand what did youth do by mobile? more than what did mobile do by youth? The qualitative analysis of data showed that young people has four secret mobile phone usages, impersonation, personal black box, relations black box and amoral or illegal data exchange (isolationist and interactive usages). Isolation usages have been learned and developed through manufactory catalog in addition to learning by trial and error through Google search .Interactive usages, have been learned and developed by friends sand through real social network. Isolation and interactive usage groups usually take place in private zone as phone owner room but sometimes interactive usage group take place in public areas such as universities, schools, malls and working areas. Secret mobile uses lead to more services complications through mobile phone companies and deepen loyalty of BlackBerry as an interacting access framework for young people. Running after new mobile touch technology and smart phones was motivated by social boasting more than secret mobile usages. Which mean that youth are more willing to develop his phone more than buying new phone to achieve secret mobile usages. In spite of that our study was done in two different societies Egypt and Bahrain. It is hard to recognize the difference due to the great matching between the two groups , The phenomenon of similarity referred to four major factors , first technological factor , second social factor , third political factor and ,finally educational factor we can say that in both societies is globalized oriented more than local cultural oriented which bring them together depending on technological factor . Keyword : Egypt , Bahrain, Mobile , New media , Youth , Sociocultural perspectives , Impersonation, Immoral .

The Social Transformation of Coffee Houses: The Emergence of Chain Establishments and the Private Nature of Usage

Ray Oldenburg (1989) developed the concept of third places as environments that offer friendship and a sense of community. However, the idealized image of the coffee house may need revision. In recent decades coffee houses have transformed from small-scale businesses to corporate-owned franchises, and with the advent of personal electronic devices many people now use them to work rather than to socialize. Using unobtrusive observation data from three independently-owned and three chain-based coffee houses in the Boston area, this research examines the ways in which modern coffee houses live up to or defy Oldenburg’s social expectations of a third place. Two key findings reveal that: 1) people increasingly use coffee houses as both a social sphere and a private zone to work, read, and use electronic devices; and 2) chain coffee houses, though often criticized for their sanitized lack of character, may better meet customers’ new third place needs by providing a wider variety of amenities (e.g., types of seating, food, and media) and free services that are in high demand (e.g., Wi-Fi).

Privacy within the Virtual Workplace: The Entitlement of Employees to a Virtual 'Private Zone' and the 'Balloon' Theory

This paper addresses the question of whether employees should have a right to privacy within the virtual sphere of their workplaces, both at the workplace and while using employer-owned property, such as computers and networks. I conclude that there are strong justifications for a paradigm in which a sphere of privacy would be delineated within the virtual workplace, providing employees protection from employer intrusiveness. In other words, my main claim is that employees should have a “private zone” within the employer wired/digital/virtual premises, even when using corporate network tools or accounts (i.e. Internet accounts) and even during working hours. The reasonable expectation of privacy test implemented by the public sector, when applied within a modern virtual workplace realm, (almost) completely eliminates employees’ privacy rights. The same result of drained privacy rights has been diagnosed in the private sector by Professor Christine Jolls, who found that non-governmental workers overwhelmingly lose their rights when courts apply a test that examines explicit or implicit consent (all employees “agree” to waive the right to privacy). The outcome is that employees (almost) totally lost their privacy rights within the virtual spheres of the workplaces. Furthermore, the article argues that U.S. legal realm, stemming from court decisions, which eventually distinguish between privacy within tangible premises of the workplace versus virtual spheres, should be reconsidered and refined. The traditional test as set forth by the Supreme Court in its 1987 O’Connor v. Ortega decision, recognizing that employees’ tangible workplaces (such as a desk or cubicle or office) in a public office may be deemed as private space, should be applied to today’s virtual workplaces, extending the law so as to integrate it with the realities of the digital era. The employee expectation test as well as other contract and tort theories likewise should be either replaced or adjusted to this notion of virtual workplace privacy zones. Securing a private zone to U.S. employees, a concept adopted by several other legal regimes, is justified by a bundle of psychological theories that can be concisely described as the “balloon theory,” describing the importance of a private sphere that constantly and permanently surrounds the persona wherever one goes, including within the public domain and digital spheres. Studies have shown that providing private zones fosters a sense of responsibility and accountability and, consequently, improves employee productivity. This theory is consistent with court decisions outside the US (i.e. the Israeli Isakov case). Accordingly, I conclude that we should reconsider these tests in order to secure a threshold of a Private Zone within the virtual workplace. A new policy may implement new tests or make use of existing tools, such as the “Least Invasive Mean” (the Proportionality Analysis).

A Comparison of Redundancy Techniques for Private and Hybrid Cloud Storage

File redundancy techniques have been very useful mechanisms for offering fault tolerance and data availability in anykind of storage. Cloud storage is not the exception. This paper presents an evaluation of classical file redundancytechniques implemented in two cloud-storage deployment models, private and hybrid. A small prototype of a privateand hybrid cloud storage was implemented for this evaluation. The performance impact when file redundancy is onlyapplied in a private cloud versus when redundancy is also distributed in a public cloud (the hybrid model) is analyzed.Additional to classical file redundancy techniques, an innovative method was evaluated for file redundancy based onan information dispersal algorithm (IDA). The usage of IDA represents a good option for managing sensitive data inhybrid cloud storage. In this technique, only parts of a file need to be sent to the public cloud, avoiding the completefile to be read from outside of the private zone. In this context, there is a trade-off between performance (forreconstructing the original file, it is first necessary to obtain all of its fragments) and the security level that coulddetermine the viability of using IDA.

Creating Place, Creating Community: The Intangible Boundaries of the Jewish ‘Eruv’

Jewish rulings on the ‘Eruv’ were established within the religious framework prohibiting labor on the Sabbath. On the seventh day of rest, according to Judaism, objects cannot be carried from one place to another except in zones deemed private. In order to overcome these prohibitions, religious texts permitted the demarcation of Eruv boundaries, which expand the boundaries of the private zone into the public on the Sabbath, allowing many daily activities to become possible. Eruv boundaries—its walls and thresholds—are primarily conceptual, agreed upon by consent, experienced through knowledge rather than the senses, and of actual consequence to one community living among others. By allowing for the performance of daily activities on the day of rest, the Eruv binds the working of the body and the concept of privacy to the notion of sacred time. These abstract boundaries allow one to speak of a phenomenological spatial experience that is primarily conceptual. Rather than being tangible physical components in the landscape, Eruv place-making boundaries are time contingent and shaped by human performance. While debates centering on the Eruv have focused primarily on its demographic and urban implications, much of the intensity and fervor of opponents takes place within symbolic and conceptual discourses not often found in public debates over urban boundaries. Primarily addressing arguments by contenders of the Eruv, this study will examine the potency of these ‘belief’ boundaries and the discourses in which they partake, relying on the later writings of Martin Heidegger on place as that which is based on human activity and serves as ‘gathering’ and as a revelation of truth.

Ethical and legal issues of privacy and patient rights in the application of information healthcare delivery systems

Large volumes of medical and personal data are stored in medical records and are processed and distributed by electronic means, making it accessible to a large number of users and enabling generation of profiles of patients and their relatives. The result is a fast developing onslaught on the valued personal private zone and the individual's rights. Different societies offer partial legal solutions to this onslaught, but privacy is a moving target whose legislative management is (almost) always behind the times. We review the ethical and legal aspects of privacy and patient's rights pursuit in healthcare delivery. We address the fundamental issue of medical information ownership, the rights it delegates to related parties (like patients, physicians, medical providers, hospitals, community, and the public), and the recognition and implementation of these rights by the legal and regulatory systems of several countries. We propose several measures that can enhance and standardise the protection of privacy and patient's rights.