Jordanian Private Universities Research Articles

Assessment of Student Satisfaction with E-learning in Jordan Using TAM and UTAUT as a Mediator for Synchronous and Asynchronous Learning

This study aims to evaluate student satisfaction with e-learning in Jordan by combining the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT). This research also delved into the study of the mediating role played by both synchronous and asynchronous learning and their impact on students’ satisfaction with e-learning. Data was collected through a questionnaire distributed to 590 students studying at four private Jordanian universities in northern Jordan. To analyse the study model, Smart PLS was used because it offers a robust methodology for such complex constructs. The results show that both synchronous and asynchronous learning significantly and positively affect students’ satisfaction with e-learning. The results also revealed that the relationship between synchronous learning and perceived usefulness was statistically significant. Regarding asynchronous learning, the relationship with perceived ease of use was positive and statistically significant. Turning to the TAM and UTAUT variables as independent variables, the results revealed a direct and statistically significant relationship between these variables and students’ satisfaction with e-learning. This study provides valuable insights into the factors that influence student satisfaction with e-learning in Jordan and presents a new approach by integrating synchronous and asynchronous learning as a mediator within the TAM and UTAUT frameworks. The findings highlight the nuances of technology acceptance and use in the context of e-learning, which can benefit educational institutions and policymakers in enhancing the e-learning experience for students in Jordan.

Economic Analysis and Design of Sustainable Solar Electric Vehicle Carport at Applied Science Private University in Jordan

Electrical vehicles are finding wide acceptance in the Jordanian transportation market; this has caused an accelerating shift in the emissions of greenhouse gases from the direct burning of fossil fuels consumed by the transportation sector towards the power generation sector. On the other hand, as electric vehicles gain more popularity, an extra load is added to the electrical power generation systems, raising essential concerns such as the capability of the power network to support this massive extra load and the increased emission of greenhouse gases caused by power plants. Studies show that Jordan’s weather is known for being bright, sunny, and very suitable for the generation of electric power from solar energy sources. Therefore, with an infrastructure that can support convenient off-grid charging, a huge burden will be taken off the national grid and the environment. Therefore, this work proposes a basic design for an off-grid PV-covered carport and presents a study of the economics and effectiveness of using such a system to charge electric vehicles owned by the students and employees of the Applied Science Private University. The study is based on actual solar irradiance data collected on-site during university working hours (8 a.m.–5 p.m.) to allow students and employees to charge their electric vehicles from an off-grid carport system while on campus. Space limitations for carport design, initial design cost, return on investment, and annual electricity consumption are discussed to demonstrate the benefits of such a system for both the consumer (convenience and low charging cost) and the power company provider (less load to maintain).

Performance Appraisal Practices and Organizational Citizenship Behavior: Evidence from Jordan

Performance appraisal practices and organizational citizenship behavior are critical to leading employee recognition. This study examines the impact of performance appraisals on organizational citizenship behavior among employees at Jordanian private universities. A total of 170 administrative employees from Jordan's private universities participated in the study by distributing questionnaires using random sampling. The results of a regression analysis confirm the significance and positive impact of evaluating performance appraisal practices on organizational citizenship behavior. Finally, performance appraisal practices motivate the practice of organizational citizenship behaviors such as generosity, altruism, civilized behavior, general commitment, and sports spirit. Based on that, these results contribute to a better understanding of the impact of performance appraisal on organizational citizenship behavior. Also, this study reveals that private university employees exhibit this practice to a high degree, and they attribute this to a variety of factors, including performance appraisal, passion, human relationships, friendship, and human tendencies toward assisting.

Assessing pressure injury knowledge among Jordanian and Turkish nursing students: A cross-cultural comparison

AimPressure injuries, a prevalent issue in healthcare settings, have profound physical and emotional implications for patients and healthcare providers. However, further evidence is needed regarding the level of nursing students’ knowledge of pressure injuries in the Middle East, a region where healthcare is rapidly evolving. This study examines the knowledge levels regarding pressure injuries among nursing students in Jordan and Turkey. Materials and methodsThis cross-sectional study collected data from a randomly selected sample of 282 nursing students studying in two private and two Public Universities in Turkey and Jordan. Data was collected using a demographic survey and the Pressure Ulcer Knowledge Assessment Tool (PUKAT 2.0). ResultsThe overall knowledge scores among students were alarmingly low, with significant differences between Jordanian and Turkish cohorts, with Turkish students scoring higher. Moreover, a significant difference was observed between students' knowledge levels from public and private universities in Jordan, but no difference was found between students of the two Turkish universities. ConclusionThe knowledge gap among nursing students regarding pressure ulcers is a critical issue that needs immediate attention. These findings highlight the urgent need for improved educational strategies and standardized competencies in this aspect. This study strongly advocates for changing teaching strategies and incorporating evidence-based pressure injury prevention education into nursing curricula, interprofessional education initiatives, and continuous professional development for faculty. These measures can significantly enhance nursing students’ knowledge and improve patient care.

Outnumbered and outranked: a macrostructural snapshot of gendered inequalities in higher academia in Jordan

Purpose This article aims to illuminate the gendered organisational structure of higher education in Jordan by collecting and analysing a national-level snapshot of the current distribution of women and men in leadership positions and academic ranks across Jordanian universities to pinpoint inequalities in specific levels and fields. Design/methodology/approach Grounded in gendered organisational theory, this study presents a snapshot of the gender composition of 10 public and 14 private universities in Jordan. The snapshot, collected in September 2022 from these universities’ websites, examines counts of male and female administrative leaders as well as academic staff across all ranks for all faculties in both STEM and liberal arts fields. Findings The distribution of women and men in leadership positions in universities across Jordan is highly unequal, with men outnumbering women in the uppermost positions by nearly 10:1. This gap decreases as the rank of positions decreases, indicative of a highly gendered organisational structure, with only three to four fields approaching gender parity. Research limitations/implications This paper offers a comprehensive and detailed quantitative foundation for researchers to investigate the underlying social, cultural, legal, political and economic factors perpetuating gender inequality in academia in Jordan and in comparative studies. Practical implications This study is relevant for targeting policies for advancing sustainable development goals, specifically 5.5, which aim at women’s full and effective participation and equal opportunities for leadership at all levels of decision-making. Originality/value This study provides the most detailed and extensive macro-level analysis of the gender composition of universities in Jordan.

The Impact of Digital Transformation on Strategic Performance: The Mediating Role of Innovation at Jordanian Private Universities

The Impact of Digital Transformation on Strategic Performance: The Mediating Role of Innovation at Jordanian Private Universities

Competitive Organizational Culture and its Relationship with the Knowledge Technology in the Jordanian Private Universities in the Jordanian North District from the Point of View of the Teaching Staff Members

This study aimed to know level of the competitive organizational culture and its relationship with knowledge technology in the Jordanian private universities in the Jordanian North District from the point of view of the teaching staff members. To achieve objective of the study, the descriptive, survey analytical method was used, and the questionnaire as the study’s instrument, distributed to a sample of (180) teaching staff members in the Jordanian private universities in the North District (Jerash University, Jadara University, Irbid Ahliyah University & Ajloon Natinal University). Results showed that level of competitive organizational culture in the private Jordanian Universities in the North District from the point of view of the teaching staff members was medium, also results showed that degree of using knowledge technology in the Jordanian Private Universities in the North District from the point of view of teaching staff members also came at medium level, and the presence of positive correlation with statistical significance between level of the competitive organizational culture and degree of using knowledge technology in Jordanian Private Universities in the North District from the point of view of the teaching staff members. In light of the study results, the study recommended a number of recommendations, the most prominent: conducting similar study investigating competitive organizational culture and its relationship with quality of the work environment.

COVID-19 era- digital eye strain and the use of digital devices in online learning: A cross-sectional study of nursing students

Digital Eye Strain (DES) is a newly recognized healthcare problem. Therefore, this study assessed the frequency, intensity, and prevalence of DES, the usage of digital devices for online learning among nursing students enrolled in nursing courses in a governmental and a private university during the COVID-19 pandemic, compared the usage of digital devices before and after the pandemic, assessed its predictors, and interventions nursing students used to prevent or accommodate DES. A cross-sectional online survey was carried out. Between November and December 2022, data were collected with a purposive sample of 142 nursing students enrolled in nursing courses at a governmental and a private university in Jordan, with a response rate of 88.75%. Our sample didn’t have DES, but when it occurred, it was intense. The most frequent and intense symptoms were reported. The median of the mean score DES indicated that the prevalence of DES was 55.23% (occurred occasionally), and the prevalence of (severe) intensity was 52.11%. The mean daily hours spent using digital devices before and after the pandemic were 3.51 ± 1.96 and 4.51 ± 2.53, respectively; the majority spent 3–4 h. Besides using electronic devices for online learning, our nursing students spent 3.31 ± 1.87 on other activities. Before the pandemic, nursing students commonly used mobile phones. This usage decreased during the pandemic as they moved to computer desktops, laptops, and tablets. Being senior students and using equipment to help protect the eyes predicted the DES. Students used different interventions to prevent or accommodate DES. Based on the international trend, we can conclude that the DES increased during the pandemic; nursing students have spent more hours on digital devices, and over 55.00% have DES. They have frequent serious symptoms from DES, which should be managed immediately. To decrease the prevalence of DES, redesigning our educational system should be prioritized, considering that online learning along with DES will remain even after this pandemic end.

Entrepreneurial leadership style towards sustainability through agile and lean base strategy in private universities

The problem and the aim of the study. Even though previous literature in academia has focused on sustainable business practices and the impact of entrepreneurial leadership style on the sustainability of organizations, there is still a gap in the literature regarding the effects of entrepreneurship leadership on the sustainability of employees and companies. This study sought to identify the degree of the impact of entrepreneurial leadership style towards sustainability through agilebased Strategy compared to lean Strategy in private universities. Research methods. The study’s research methodology employs structural equation modeling (SEM) combined with confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to assess and validate the measurement model and to estimate indirect effects. This methodological approach aimed at achieving a high degree of confidence by focusing on academic and administrative staff across five private institutions in Jordan. The initial collection involved 400 cases, of which 385 passed data screening and were considered valid for the analysis. Data were gathered using online questionnaires in this descriptive correlational study. Results. Findings from this study on the impact of demographic factors on sustainability and leadership styles in a sample of 400 people (later reduced to 385 after outliers and missing data were removed) shed light on the significance of gender, education level, experience, and management level. A bachelor's degree was possessed by 90.4% of respondents, and the majority of those respondents were male 55.8%. There was also a considerable representation throughout different lengths of work. By examining comments on many characteristics, including Entrepreneurship Leadership Style, Lean and Agile Strategies, and sustainability factors, the Agile Strategy stood up as the top model, achieving an average score of 3.8104. The sustainability component with the highest mean score was Economic Sustainability, which also happened to be the highest rated. Through the use of Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), the study was able to hone down on its findings and ultimately eliminate five items based on item loadings. This resulted in a marked improvement in the new model's fit indices. This improved model outperformed the original one in terms of goodness of fit, as evidenced by a Chi-square of 584.663, RMSEA of 0.048, and CFI of 0.933. Analyzing the relationships between the Entrepreneurial Leadership Style and the sustainability outcomes via the lens of the Agile Strategy was a key finding. The importance of the Agile Strategy in improving sustainability at private institutions in Jordan was further supported by the considerable total impact of the Entrepreneurship Leadership Style on sustainability, as measured by p < 0.05, which was mediated by the Agile Strategy. With important ramifications for educational organization methods, this thorough investigation highlights the usefulness of the Agile Strategy in moderating the leadership influence on sustainability. Conclusion. Research shows that private universities in Jordan are more likely to be sustainable when entrepreneurial leadership is in place, and that agile strategy has a stronger impact on this than lean strategy. This highlights the significance of adaptive leadership strategies for promoting long-term viability in higher education. Based on the results, it would be wise to investigate how various leadership approaches affect sustainability in different types of educational settings. This study paves the way for future research in the field of higher education and beyond to investigate the wider effects of entrepreneurial leadership and strategy on the long-term viability of organizations.

The achievement of digital leadership sustainability and business performance through the implementation of business intelligence, artificial intelligence, and quality learning in private universities in Jordan

The objective of research is to explore the impact of business intelligence systems, artificial intelligence, and digital leadership sustainability on the quality of learning and business performance at business schools of private universities in Jordan. Upon gathering and scrutinizing the research materials, a grand total of 281 samples were judged suitable for analysis using PLS software. The findings of this study suggest that the implementation of business intelligence systems, artificial intelligence, and digital leadership sustainability positively contribute to improving both the quality of learning and the performance of enterprises. The results demonstrate that the implementation of a business intelligence system, and Competitive Intelligence, directly and positively impacts the enhancement of learning quality and company performance. Furthermore, Artificial intelligence has a positive influence on the quality of learning and the performance of businesses, namely through the utilization of Deep learning, Digital Data, Graphical Processing Unit (GPU), and Data Safety and Security. Furthermore, digital leadership sustainability exerts a direct and favorable impact on the caliber of education and organizational achievement, encompassing Digital Competence, Flexibility and Agility, Interconnected Thinking, and Employee Orientation. Furthermore, the findings indicate that the level of education, encompassing Summative Assessment, Formative Assessment, Quizzes, and Presentations, is positively associated with enhancing firm productivity. Curiously, the present results contradict previous studies suggesting that the variables being examined had an influence on achieving digital leadership sustainability and business performance. Generally, the main research outcomes recommend that corporations should start adopting strategies related to enhancing learning effectiveness and improving business performance. This research focuses on the major aspects of business cleverness systems, artificial intelligence, and digital leadership sustainability to enhance the quality of learning and business performance in the business capabilities of private institutions of higher education in Jordan.

Investigating the influence of omnichannel retailing on consumer decision making in the Jordanian market

The present research investigates the use of omnichannel retailing and its influence on the Jordanian market, focusing on four important dimensions: integration, fulfilment, usability, and seamlessness. This study attempts to answer how strategies of omnichannel affect purchase-decisions and satisfaction of customers among students at private universities in Jordan as expectations for integrated purchase experiences that combine physical and digital channels continue to rise. Using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM), this study empirically examines the relationships between various dimensions of omnichannel retailing and consumer decision-making. The findings reveal that strong integration across sales channels, fast delivery options, simple interfaces, and seamless transitions significantly enhance consumer decision-making. This underscores the importance of robust infrastructure facilities, dependable information availability options, flexible fulfillment methods, user-friendly interface designs as well as a smooth customer support system which all together make for a great shopping experience. Thus, local retailers are given clear recommendations to invest in current systems by diversifying their delivery alternatives, improving mobile platforms, and using data analytics to match marketing efforts. The main focus of this paper is effective merchandising practices that can help retailers connect with consumers effectively during changing market situations. Moreover, there are several lessons from this research for businesses operating under stiff competition but with the increasing needs of modern-day consumers.

Bullying among University Students: Types and Relationship with Psychosomatic Complaints: A Cross-sectional Study

Background: Bullying has both immediate as well as long-term effects on the psychological adjustment and outcomes. Bullying in educational institutions is a problem in every nation in this world. Purpose: This study aims to determine the most common types of bullying and their association with psychosomatic complaints among university students in Jordan. Methods: This study employed a descriptive cross-sectional research design. The convenience sampling method was utilized for participant selection from two public universities and one private university in Jordan. The California Bully Victimization Scale-Retrospective and the Psychosomatic Problems Scale were used. Results: Among the 350 students surveyed, verbal bullying, particularly being provoked or called derogatory names, emerged as the most prevalent type among Jordanian university students, with a mean score of 1.73. The study identified that all psychosomatic complaints exhibited a strong statistical association with variable bullying, with sleep problems being the most commonly reported issue (M=2.24). Conclusion: This study found that the most common type of bullying behavior among university students in Jordan was verbal bullying. Additionally, participants in the study mentioned that sleep problems are the most common psychosomatic complaint. Implications for Nursing: Educational institutions, academic employers, and community health nurses should prioritize anti-bullying educational programs to support students' well-being and bolster the role of nurses in fostering a safer and more inclusive learning environment. Keywords: Bullying, University students, Psychosomatic complaints, Jordan.

Exploring the moderating role of green human resources and green climate: The impact of corporate social responsibility on environmental performance

Universities seek out of its keenness to preserve the environment and to enhance its environmental performance, by paying attention to social responsibility, to enhance its reputation in society. The current study examines the relationship between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and environmental performance (EP) through the moderating role of green human resources (GHR) and green climate (GC). The study collected data from 270 employees in private universities in Jordan. PLS4 was applied to analyze data and test the hypotheses. The results showed that CSR has a positive impact on EP. Also, the results showed that GHR and GC moderate the relationship between CSR and EP. Future research recommendations and study limitations are also provided.

The Level of E-Learning Quality Standards in Academic Courses at Private Jordanian Universities: A Student Perspective Evaluation Study

The Level of E-Learning Quality Standards in Academic Courses at Private Jordanian Universities: A Student Perspective Evaluation Study

Emotional Regulation Difficulties Among Faculty Members: Investigating the Effect of Gender, Teaching Experience, Academic Certificate

The current study investigated the effect of gender, teaching experience, academic certificate, and specialization on emotional regulation difficulties. Participants were 172 faculty members at three private universities in Jordan and the United Arab Emirates (UAE). The difficulties in emotion regulation scale (DERS) was applied. The study showed that female faculty members had more limited access to emotion regulation strategies than their male counterparts did. The results also showed that experienced faculty members were more likely to accept emotional responses, but have difficulties with goal-directed activity, impulse control, and lack of emotional awareness. The findings suggest that effective use of emotion regulation strategies is affected by gender, moderate teaching experience affects faculty members’ impulse control, emotional responses acceptance, and goal-directed activity, and doctorate holders from different specializations are more aware of their emotions.

Effect Of Job Burnout on Employees’ Satisfaction: A Comparison Study Between Public Universities and Private Universities in Jordan

This study investigates the impact of job burnout on work satisfaction in Jordanian universities. Try to find a solution to in this study; a descriptive analytic method was employed to compare academic offerings at public and private institutions. A sample of 300 administrative staff members from Jordanian institutions, both public and private, was given questionnaires as the main data collection tool. The study found that the administrative staff at the university department had higher-than-average levels of occupational burnout. Poor personal achievement, physical and emotional exhaustion, negative perceptions of romantic relationships, and low personal performance were shown to be the most persistent aspects of professional burnout. The prevalence of occupational burnout was found to be higher in public universities there are no observable differences between personnel at both private and public companies with respect to of incidences of job burnout. In comparison to private institutions, employee satisfaction was lower at public universities. This study showed that in public colleges, there is no relationship between work morality and employee pleasure. However, the only aspect that affects employee satisfaction at private institutions is her poor personal performance.

Satisfaction and self-confidence among nursing students with simulation learning during COVID-19

AimThis survey aimed to investigate nursing students’ satisfaction and self-confidence in simulation in education during the COVID-19 pandemic. Along with comparing these levels based on selected students’ characteristics.DesignA cross-sectional survey.MethodsThe survey was conducted at the faculty of nursing of a private university in Jordan. Students’ satisfaction and self-confidence levels in simulation learning were measured using the National League for Nursing (NLN) Student Satisfaction and Self-confidence in Learning Scales.ResultsA total of 138 undergraduate nursing students participated in the survey. Students’ satisfaction levels and self-confidence in simulation learning were lower (just above the scale’s midpoint) than scores reported in similar surveys. The lowest student ratings were reported as “the variety of learning activities that can be done using simulation” and “the self-confidence to develop the needed skills and knowledge to be used in real clinical settings”. The results also indicated that as students’ progress in the bachelor’s degree program, they develop higher levels of self-confidence in simulation-based learning.ConclusionsNursing students’ experience of simulation learning was observed to be negatively affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. High-fidelity simulation, in particular, among other simulation modalities, can be more beneficial in similar situations. Education stakeholders are invited to invest in the resources of high-fidelity simulation to maximize its benefits and help in the recovery phase after the pandemic.

Investigation of weather conditions on the output power of various photovoltaic systems

The quantity of solar radiation received by photovoltaic panel surfaces and their efficiency are influenced by environmental factors, including dust buildup and weather changes. This study presents an experimental analysis to determine how dust and rain affected the output of photovoltaic power for five different types and orientations of solar module systems of 5 kW each. All systems are installed at Applied Science Private University in Jordan, and attached to sunny portal system to monitor the PV output power for each type in real time. After one–four weeks of exposure, the effects of dust buildup and weather conditions on the power output of the module systems were examined. The results showed that four weeks of dust buildup resulted in 16.7%, 28%, 16.6%, 26.7%, and 21% reduction in PV power production for Monocrystalline (c-Si)/South, Monocrystalline (c-Si) East/West, Polycrystalline (p-Si)/South, Polycrystalline (p-Si)/East/West, and Thin-film (a-Si, microcrystalline)/South system respectively. In addition, a 20% average decrease and fluctuation in PV output power under wet conditions is observed. Moreover, the results showed that the power sold to the grid would be lower than predicted by 21% after one month of dust accumulation, which should be included in energy management planning.

Assessment of pharmacy students’ awareness and knowledge of the COVID-19 pandemic and vaccines in Jordan: A cross-sectional study at private universities

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic prompted a global effort in developing vaccines to combat the virus. While several COVID-19 vaccines have been authorized and distributed internationally, there is a lack of research on the knowledge and perceptions of pharmacy students regarding these vaccines in Jordan. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among pharmacy students at a private university in Jordan from July 28 to August 5, 2022. A Google survey consisting of 12 questions was administered to 200 respondents. Results: The survey aimed to assess pharmacy students’ understanding of COVID-19 clinical characteristics, transmission routes, precautionary measures, hazard control, and knowledge of the different types of COVID-19 vaccines available in Jordan. Literature review indicated that students primarily obtained information from social media (80%), written articles (20%), and television (10%). The overall score for students’ awareness of COVID-19 and its vaccines was 85%. The majority of students (82%) demonstrated a high level of knowledge and awareness of the pandemic. However, their understanding of hypercoagulation as an adverse event of COVID-19 vaccination and mask-wearing practices in various settings was limited. Most students believed that effective immunization strategies could eradicate the virus. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that pharmacy students possess a good understanding of COVID-19 and its vaccines. To enhance infection prevention among future pharmacists, measures and public awareness campaigns should be implemented to promote knowledge about the benefits of immunization in combating the COVID-19 pandemic.

الريادة اإلدارية في الجامعـات األردنيـة الخاصـة في محافظة عمـان وعالقتها بدافعيـة اإلنجـاز

The current study aimed to know the degree of administrative leadership in private Jordanian universities in Amman and its relationship to the achievement motivation of academic leaders. The study sample consisted of (145) leaders from the deans, deputy deans and heads of departments. To achieve the objectives of the study, the descriptive correlative approach was adopted and two tools were developed to measure the two study variables; The first tool aimed to identify the degree of avalibilty of administrative leadership in private Jordanian universities and consisted of (32) items distributed over five areas (creativity, risk taking, uniqueness, initiative, and achievement), while the second tool measures the level of achievement motivation among academic leaders and consisted of (22) items. It is distributed over three areas: ambition and perseverance, the ability to take responsibility, self-confidence and self-esteem. The results of the study showed that the degree of administrative leadership in private Jordanian universities in Amman is high. The fields came in descending order as follows (achievement, uniqueness, initiative, risk taking and creativity) whereas all areas have achieved a high level. Furthermore, the outcomes showed that the level of motivation for achievement among academic leaders was high, and the fields came in descending order as follows (taking responsibility, ambition and perseverance, self-confidence and self-esteem). The outcomes also showed a positive correlation that was statistically signifcant towards the availability of administrative leadership among the averages of the study members in private Jordanian universities Amman, in addition to their estimates of the level of achievement motivation. Moreover, several conclusions were reached through the study.