Private Universities In Nigeria Research Articles

Employees’ Motivation as A Determinant of Work Attitude and Performance in Elizade University

Employees’ motivation as a determinant of work attitude and performance of employees of Elizade University, Ilara-Mokin, Ondo State, Nigeria was examined in this study. Regardless of rank, age, job, gender, or educational background, employers have defined employee motivation as instruments and strategies used to affect the work attitude and performance of employees at various levels of the organisation. Purposive sampling technique was adopted in selecting Elizade University, Ilara-Mokin in Ondo state out of the 111 private universities in Nigeria. Self-structured questionnaire named Employees Motivation, Work Attitude and Performance (EMWAAPQ) was used for primary data collection. The collected data underwent analysis, focusing on the descriptive examination of demographic information. To test the two hypotheses formulated for this study, Pearson correlation and linear regression analyses were conducted. The scrutiny of all hypotheses adhered to a significance level of 0.05 alpha. The study revealed a positive correlation between employees’ motivation and employee attitudes within the institution (r=0.205**, n=181, p<0.05). Furthermore, this study established that both intrinsic and extrinsic motivation significantly influence employee performance (R2=0.136=13.6% of the variance). The implication is that organizations should prioritize employee well-being, with a particular emphasis on fostering motivation among staff. Therefore, to sustain and enhance productivity, the study recommends the implementation of comprehensive compensation packages, encompassing both monetary and non-monetary benefits.

Private Sector Participation and the Development of University Education in the Nigeria’s Fourth Republic, 1999-2021: A Historical Analysis

The main thrust of this paper is to historicize the involvement of the private sector in the development of university education in Nigeria in the Fourth Republic. While the year 1999, marked the commencement of the birth of the second batch of private universities in Nigeria, the year 2021 was when the last batch of private universities were granted provisional licenses of operation by the Federal Government. History of educational development in Nigeria has its origin in the activities of the private sectors, that is, the Christian missions. Their involvement in the development of western education in the country between the late 19th and 20th centuries was mainly confined to the provision of primary and secondary education. Up to the birth of the Fourth Republic in 1999, the provision of university education in the country was exclusively the responsibility of both the Federal and the State governments. Although an attempt was made during the Second Republic, 1979-1983, to encourage private sector participation, this eventually failed. However, with the return to civil rule in 1999, the country witnessed the emergence of the second attempt towards private sector involvement in the development of university education. The paper argues that the active involvement of the non-state actors in the delivery of university education in Nigeria since 1999 has helped in improving efficiency in delivery, expanding service coverage as well as increasing manpower production. The methodology adopted for this work is historical, qualitative and quantitative, utilizing materials from both primary and secondary sources.

ANALYSIS OF PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCIES AND JOB SATISFACTION OF LIBRARIANS IN PRIVATE UNIVERSITIES IN SOUTH-WEST, NIGERIA

The study analyzed the professional competencies and job satisfaction of librarians in private university libraries in South-West, Nigeria. A survey research design was used for the study. The participants in this study were two hundred and forty-three (243) librarians from thirty-three private universities in Nigeria's South-West. Total enumeration was used to cover the two hundred and forty-three (243) librarians working in the thirty-three under study. The researcher adopted the instrumentation of the questionnaire method from Yaya (2019) for the collection of data on job satisfaction.The response rate was 61.7%. Descriptive statistics of frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation were used to analyze the research question. Findings revealed that librarians in private university libraries in South-West, Nigeria experienced a high level of job satisfaction in overall relationship with fellow workers, carrying support from colleagues, information sharing and team spirit among colleagues. Despite high level of librarians’ job satisfaction; there was low satisfaction in the areas of salary and job security. Therefore, it is recommended that the management of private universities in the study areas improve satisfaction in these low areas. The librarians in the private university libraries in South-West, Nigeria possessed professional competence on the job. Professional competence was measured with three dimensions namely traits, knowledge and self-concept The study recommended that academic librarians’ professional competence on the job must be sustained.

Prevalence of dysmenorrhea and its effect on the quality of life of female undergraduate students in Nigeria

ObjectivesDysmenorrhea, also known as painful menstruation, has been a source of concern among many adolescent females and has been reported to adversely affect the quality of life of adolescents if not properly managed. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of dysmenorrhea and its effect on the quality of life among female undergraduate students of a private university in Nigeria. MethodsDescriptive cross-sectional research design was utilized, and stratified sampling technique was used in selecting 397 participants based on the required sample size. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 23, and results were summarized using descriptive and inferential statistics with level of significance set at p < 0.05. ResultsMajority of the respondents started menstruating between ages 12–15 years. Dysmenorrhea is prevalent among 69.8% of the respondents, absent in 18.4% and sometimes occurs in 11.8%. Menstrual pain affects routine work (37.8%), sleep (29.2%), and 33.8% withdraw socially during menstruation. The approaches used during dysmenorrhea include diversional therapy (59.7%), hot water bottle technique (41.8%), medications (49.4%), lower back and abdomen massage (25.9%), herbs (24.2%) and breathing exercise (11.8%). There was a significant relationship between age and the prevalence of dysmenorrhea (p = 0.000). ConclusionDysmenorrhea is prevalent among female undergraduate students, affecting their daily routine tasks. Educating adolescents on the effective management of dysmenorrhea is necessary to enhance their quality of life.

Private Universities in Nigeria: Their Emergence, Proliferation, Significance and Funding

The Nigerian public university education system has faced challenges in recent years, affecting the timely graduation of many students. The smaller number of universities, their insufficient enrolment spaces and frequent strikes by the Academic Staff Union of Universities (ASUU) have been greatly responsible for the problem. This has led to a shift in attitudes towards public universities, with parents and students increasingly patronizing private universities over them. This, in turn, has led to the proliferation of the said private universities. However, many students and parents cannot afford private universities due to high tuition fees since the institutions have to fund all their programmes and pay staff salaries and other administrative costs, which amount to a lot of expenses. This has led to a question of whether the Federal Government could partner with private universities to fund them, even if partially. This present study, therefore, argues that, given their usefulness, private universities should be encouraged and supported by the Tertiary Education Trust Fund (TETFund), which was established by the Nigerian government to support public tertiary institutions in the country.

Job motivators among librarians in private university libraries in South-West, Nigeria

The study examined job motivators among librarians in private university libraries in South-West, Nigeria among librarians in private university libraries in South-West, Nigeria: An empirical approach. In developing countries, job satisfaction has been reportedly low, for instance in Nigeria, job satisfaction was low in several studies that were carried out. A survey research design was used for the study. The participants in this study were two hundred and forty-three (243) librarians from thirty three private universities in Nigeria's South-West. Total enumeration was used to cover the two hundred and forty-three (243) librarians working in the thirty-three under study. The researcher adopted the instrumentation of questionnaire method from Yaya (2019) for the collection of data on job satisfaction. The response rate was 61.7%. Descriptive statistics of frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation was used to analyze the research question. The results of the study revealed that the librarians are highly motivated on the job. There were five dimensions representing librarians motivation namely self-actualization, social affiliation, self-esteem, physiological factors and security. The study recommended that, academic librarians should be properly and appropriately motivated on a regular basis to improve their morale.

Private Sector Participation and the Development of University Education in Nigeria’s Fourth Republic, 1999-2021: A Historical Analysis

The main thrust of this paper is to historicise the involvement of the private sector in the development of university education in Nigeria in the Fourth Republic. While the first set of private universities began during the Second Republic, the year 1999 marked the commencement of the birth of the second set of private universities in Nigeria. The year 2021 was when the last batch of private universities was granted provisional licences of operation by the Federal Government through the National Universities Commission. There is no doubt that the history of educational development in Nigeria has its origin in the activities of the private sector, that is, Christian missions. Their involvement in the development of western education in the country between the late 19th and 20th centuries was mainly confined to the provision of primary and secondary education. Up to the birth of the Fourth Republic in 1999, the provision of university education in the country was exclusively the responsibility of both the Federal and the State governments. Although an attempt was made during the Second Republic, 1979–1983, to encourage private sector participation, this eventually failed. The present paper argues that availability and accessibility to high-quality university education can be meaningfully achieved through public-private collaboration as seen in developed countries such as the United States, the United Kingdom and Western Europe. Active involvement of non-state actors would help the government to mobilize financial resources to meet more pressing public service needs. The methodology adopted for this work is historical, qualitative and quantitative, utilising materials from both primary and secondary sources.

Historicizing the Development of Private Universities in Nigeria, 1980-2020s

The paper discussed the development of private universities in Nigeria since its independence with a thrust from 1980s to 2020s. Private universities in Nigeria were first established in 1980s, but greeted with the challenges of discontinuity and continuity during cross-regime accounts in the civilian, military and the democratic dispensations of the post-independence era. Beyond the aesthetic architectural designs, the paper also discussed the issue of quality university education, the influence of the policy - 3rd National Development Plan; the Laws (Constitution) of the Federal Republic of Nigeria, 1979 and decrees 19 and 9 of 1984 and 1993 respectively, on the proliferation and operations of private universities, its relevance on Nigeria’s manpower needs and national development. As a qualitative study, historical research method was adopted, relying strongly on both primary and secondary sources of data; to generate dependable data for the analysis that have contributed to what the findings revealed as mainly the expansion of the content programmes and proliferation of private universities in the twenty-first century Nigeria. The recommendation of the study advocates for the establishment of private universities that would be adequately planned for and truly regulated, to complement public universities in terms of programmes, manpower needs and quality among others; so that Nigeria would adequately develop in order to effectively function in the comity of nations.

Knowledge and Practice of Menstrual Hygiene among Female Undergraduates at a Private Tertiary Institution in Nigeria

Menstrual hygiene is keeping the body clean while a woman is menstruating. Many females have encountered considerable difficulty maintaining menstrual hygiene because of a lack of awareness or access to menstrual products, particularly in low- andmiddle-income nations. However, knowledge and practice of menstrual hygiene among female undergraduates, especially in Nigeria, are understudied. This descriptive crosssectional study investigated the knowledge, practices and barriers associated with menstrual hygiene among female undergraduates of a private university in Nigeria. Three hundred and sixty-four participants were recruited using purposive sampling. Sociodemographic data, knowledge, practice and barriers associated with menstrual hygiene were assessed using a self-report knowledge and practice of menstrual hygiene questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The results revealed that most respondents (72.3%) had poor knowledge of menstrual hygiene, while around half (49.2%) maintained good practices. The most common barriers to practicing menstrual hygiene among the respondents were reported as fatigue and limited water access in their dormitories. Therefore, schools of higher learning need to ensure that students have regular access to clean water with adequate time between classes to allow for proper menstrual hygiene practice. Nurses could provide menstrual education for mothers and their adolescents before getting into university. Similarly, nurses working in institutions of higher learning should provide regular menstrual hygiene awareness programs on campus and advocate for access to clean water and hygiene facilities for female students undergoing menstruation.

E-Learning Readiness in Higher Education Institutions in Nigeria during COVID-19 Pandemic

Purpose: The emergence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic necessitated the closure of schools and higher institutions worldwide. Most schools resorted to online learning without considering its attendant effects. Most institutions in the developing countries that were stocked with traditional face-to-face learning method migrated to online learning unprepared. The study, therefore, evaluates lecturers’ readiness for e-learning in higher education institutions in Nigeria amid COVID-19 pandemic.&#x0D; Design/Methodology/Approach: To achieve this, a structured questionnaire was administered to 324 lecturers in selected federal, state, and private universities in Nigeria. The study adopts a quantitative research method. The quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive statistics.&#x0D; Findings: Findings reveal that Nigerian universities were not ready for e-learning prior to COVID-19 pandemic as the needed critical components to take-off e-learning were not available. Study indicates that resource utilization, resource availability, and e-learning facilitations are the critical factors that affected e-learning readiness in Nigeria universities amid COVID-19. Other challenges include internet unreliability, unavailability of e-learning pedagogy, and lack of prerequisite skills for the instructors and the learners.&#x0D; Research Limitations/Implications: A major limitation of the study is the failure to evaluate the challenges of e-learning readiness from the students’ perspective. This limitation creates opportunities for further research into the subject matter. Despite this limitation, the findings from the study have potential implications for university management stakeholders, education policy maker, and e-learning implementation in Nigeria HEIs.&#x0D; Originality/Value: Given the fact that e-learning is still a new method of teaching in HEIs in Nigeria, switching to this method of teaching unprepared poses a major challenge for both the learners and instructors. Therefore, it is crucial to evaluate facilitators and beneficiaries’ readiness to embark on this new method of learning.

Assessment of the typology of Housing for private university staff in South West, Nigeria

This study aims to ascertain the choice of the staff’s accommodation in southwest private universities in Nigeria; to ensure the functionality and optimal performance of facilities in their choice of housing. In achieving the aim, this study purposely selects 5 private universities to represent the entire private universities in Southwest, Nigeria. 200 questionnaires were distributed randomly among the staff of the selected institution to get the fact about their choice of accommodation and facilities. Descriptive and Statistical analyses of data were used to discuss findings from the collected data. Findings show, that most of the staff prefer one room self-contain or one bedroom self-contain apartment with facilities like Air Conditioner, Wifi, Furniture, Television with DSTV, Library/Study Area and Refrigerator. To increase and achieve optimal satisfaction in apartment and facility to serving staff, It is therefore recommended that there is a need to map out an effective internal evaluation system to build a feedback mechanism by which the state of apartment and facilities performance can be monitored periodically to meet the staffs housing choice. Keywords: Housing, Choice, Staff, Private University, South West

Acceptance of WhatsApp social media platform for learning in Nigeria: A test of unified theory of acceptance and use of technology

The study tested the efficacy of unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) for explaining the rationale for the acceptance of WhatsApp social media platform for learning among students of public and private universities in Nigeria. To achieve the goal of the study, a cross-sectional survey research method was employed. A questionnaire was deployed for data collection. The sample for the study was drawn from undergraduate students from two different universities. The data gathered for the study was subjected to structural equation modeling analysis using AMOS statistical package. Prior to that, series of analysis, such as descriptive analysis, (mean and standard deviation), inferential analysis such as factor analysis to ascertain the dimensionality of the factor of the study was computed. The study also established construct, content, discriminant and convergent validity. It also determined the internal consistency of all the variables of the study. All hypotheses generated for the study was analyzed by checking the effect size of the independent on the dependent variable of the study. The findings from the model of the study showed that the data fit the model of the study. The total variance explained of the model was 61% and almost all the independent variables statistically and directly influence acceptance process of WhatsApp media for learning with exception of effort expectancy that showed a negative effect on student behavioral intention towards use of WhatsApp for learning. The findings of the study have implication for students, teachers and administrators of higher institution of learning Furthermore, the finding of the study equally provide evident for the empirical strength of UTAUT for explaining rationale for adoption of social media for teaching 21&lt;sup&gt;st&lt;/sup&gt; century learners.

Discursive Construction of Higher Education Institutional Academic Identities in Nigeria

There is an increase in brand marketing on the websites of universities in a bid to present the kind of identities that will best promote them. This study examines the identities universities project to market their brands within the context of consumer culture of the contemporary higher educational setting. Data for the study were obtained from the websites of 24 public and private universities in Nigeria and were analysed based on Fairclough’s (2015) dialectical relational theory and Roper and Parker’s (2006) insights on branding. The findings reveal seven kinds of identity: professional, national, transnational, humanist, Afrocentric, ethnic and religious. These identities range from the ideal to narrow-interest ones. The study concludes that identity construction in any university should aim primarily at advancing knowledge and producing total graduates who would be able to adapt and survive in any part of the world and contribute meaningfully to societal development.

Using WhatsApp as a medium of postgraduate instruction in a private university in Nigeria: fall-outs of the Covid-19 Pandemic

The Covid-19 pandemic resulted in a global lockdown and the cessation of all academic activities on-site. Higher education in Nigeria was not exempt, as a paradigm shift was required for university officials to explore non-conventional teaching methods to prevent students from wasting time and to keep them intellectually engaged. During the pandemic, our research examines how a private institution in Ede, Osun State, Nigeria, utilised the social networking platform WhatsApp for Ph.D. student seminars. The study obtained data from ten doctoral students in the Department of Library and Information Science at Adeleke University via online interviews. The difficulties faced by the students and the benefits of utilising ICT were highlighted. Due to the constant insecurity and poor road network in Nig eria, as well as the risk of long-distance travel, especially for postgraduate students who are not always resident on campus, we recommend the continued use of E-learning platforms in Higher Education Institutions as a solution to reducing transportation costs.

Librarians’ ICT skills and service delivery in private universities in Nigeria

This paper examined the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) skills of librarians for service delivery in private universities with particular reference to Southern Nigeria. The study adopted the survey research method. Forty-five (45) private university libraries in Southern Nigeria and their librarians constituted the sample size for the study. The study’s samples consisted of 181 librarians in the private universities, hence, total enumeration was adopted. Questionnaire was used for data collection from the respondents. Out of the 181 copies of the questionnaire distributed, 173 were returned and found valid for analysis. Data gathered was analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 21 and the results were presented in frequency count, percentage, mean and chart. Findings of the study revealed that librarians in private universities in Southern Nigeria delivered various library services to their users. The librarians have acquired basic ICT skills and were versatile in its application for Internet searches, information retrieval, social communication and Microsoft-office related activities with the exception of programming skills. Majority of the librarians acquired their ICT skills through self-learning. The finding revealed that the acquisition of ICT skills by librarians in Southern Nigeria private universities is relevant to their delivery of improved library services. The paper recommended that regular acquisition of relevant ICT skills is essential for librarians and university management should support librarians’ ICT capacity development at national and international levels as this would enhance their relevance and get them abreast of the latest development for effective service delivery.

Bringing quality management to perspective in higher education institutions’ research output: A focus on selected private universities in Nigeria

Bringing quality management research into perspective is a critical need in Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) of most developing nations, including Nigeria. The existing literature has not sufficiently explained the relationship between total quality management implementation and the research performance in the educational industry, especially from a developing economy perspective. Therefore, this study investigated total quality management (TQM) and the research output of HEIs in Nigeria. The study adopted a descriptive design to draw insights from research-based faculty members of three reputable Universities in Nigeria and adopting the PLS-SEM analysis this study established the relationship between components of TQM tools, values, and methodologies on the research output of HEIs. Our study found that dimensions of TQM, specifically TQM tools and values were found to relate positively with HEI's research output. Our study suggests that implementing total quality management, especially through its various tools, values, and methodologies will be beneficial to improving HEIs' research outputs.

Knowledge and Mental Health Needs of the Elderly during the Covid-19 Pandemic: Evidence from a South-Western Private University in Nigeria

Background: The COVID-19 outbreak, and related public health initiatives have disrupted the lives of many people worldwide. Evidently, the COVID-19 pandemic has produced detrimental social and psychological impact on the mental health of the vast populations especially the elderly. . This study sought to assess the knowledge resources and mental health needs of the elderly emerging from COVID-19 Pandemic of the elderly population at Babcock University in Southwest Nigeria.&#x0D; Methods: A total of 196 consenting elders resident at Babcock University were enrolled in an online survey at Babcock University to assess the mental health needs of the elderly during the COVID-19 pandemic. Hypotheses were tested using bivariate analysis at 0.05 level of significance.&#x0D; Results: Majority [104 (58.4%)] of the elderly respondents are between the age bracket 60-64 and [51 (28.7%)] for the age bracket 65-74 years old. The respondents' top four needs during the pandemic are financial aid [108 (60.7%)], social support [41 (23.0%)], the presence of a caregiver [24 (13.5%)], and housing [5 (2.8%)]. The respondents' social condition might be summarized as follows: minimal social interaction with others, leaving them socially isolated [61 (34.3%)] and insufficient social contact with others [53 (29.8%)]. There was a significant relationship between knowledge and emotional state during the pandemic (p &lt;0.05).&#x0D; Conclusion/Recommendation: Given the respondents' emotional state and other mental health problems that come with age, this study has supplied information about potential services that the elderly may find valuable. Government organizations and other partners should design planned interventions for the elderly throughout this period of life.

Liberalization Policy and Spread of Private University in Nigeria: The North-South Dichotomy in Perspective

Contemporary Nigeria provides an excellent example of a society in the labyrinth of the era of mass education. This era is particularly underscored by the quantum leap in the demand for higher education. Scholars of development studies have predicted this social change, referring to it as a significant attribute of societies in transition. Thus, in the last three decades or so, the increasing demand for higher education has been met with the liberalization of tertiary education by the federal government. Liberalization which seeks to unbundle government monopoly in the provision of tertiary education has equally been received with an impressive intervention by the private sector. Today, there are 111 private universities in Nigeria and the list is likely to grow considering the spate of applications by prospective investors. The paper seeks to examine this spectacular development in terms of the spread of investment in private university across regions. In specific terms, the paper undertakes a comparative study of southern and northern regional responses to the liberalization policy. It argues that the spread of private universities across regional divide leaves much to be desired, the implication being that a preponderance of the gains of liberalization of tertiary education is skewed against the northern region of Nigeria. This is predictably so in the light of the historical predisposing factors for western education in Southern Nigeria when compared to the north dating back to the colonial time. The paper established that apart from the historic poor reception of the north to western education, the equally poor private investment in tertiary education in the region, are some of the factors that extenuate spread. Moreover, the higher incidence of poverty in the north when compared to the south is partly responsible for the poor investment in the region, considering that the return on investment may not be attractive to sustain the enterprise. The paper concludes that though, the withdrawal of state monopoly in the provision of higher education is a welcomed development, the policy cannot be pursued at the expense of even spread that can contribute to improved access among the constituent regions. Therefore, it recommends among other that, the federal government should adopt an incremental approach towards meeting the UNESCO minimum benchmark of 26% budgetary allocation for education and that, while encouraging private participation in the provision of higher education, a deliberate policy to encourage even spread in investment in private university should be implemented.

Factors Influencing Human Capital Development Activities of Public and Private Universities in Rivers State, Nigeria

The study focused on factors influencing human capital development activities in Public and Private Universities in Nigeria. The population of the study consisted of undergraduate students from two universities in Rivers State, Nigeria, this is as a result of university students graduating without full impact to development of the nation. Purposive and simple random sampling by balloting was used to draw a sample of 320 respondents for the study. An instrument titled “Influence of Human Capital Development Activities Questionnaire” (IHCDAQ) was constructed by the researcher and used as means of retrieving data from the respondent. Validation of the instrument was done by three experts in measurement and evaluation while Cronbach Alpha method was used to determine the reliability of the instrument in sections and reliability index of 0.86 was realized. The data was analysed using frequency and percentage while t – test at 0.05 alpha level. Finding showed that there is a significant difference in the mean response scores of respondents in public and private universities on the extent to which constant strike actions (p=0.034&lt;0.05) and Provision of library facilities (p=0.021&lt;0.05) influence human capital development in Nigerian public and private Universities. There was no significant difference in the mean response scores of respondents in public and private universities on the extent to which constant provision of infrastructure (p=0.34&gt;0.05) influence human capital development in Nigerian public and private Universities. Thus, government and every other stakeholders should be sincere in their deliberation as way of avoiding strike actions since it has been proven that such actions has a significant effect on human capital development index as perceived by student in public and private institution.

Exploring Academic Staff Perception of Organizational Climate and Organizational Citizenship Behaviour: Lessons from Private Universities In Nigeria

This study explored academic staff perception of organisational climate and organizational citizenship behaviour private universities in Southeast, Nigeria. Five specific objectives, research questions and hypotheses were formulated with the decomposed variables of the study. The study was anchored on Social Exchange Theory (SET). A survey design was carried out using the sampled academic staff in the selected private universities. The study population was 4654 while the sample size was 355 arrived. Data were collected using self-administered questionnaire from the random sample of academic staff of the selected private universities in Southeast Nigeria. The data using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics were used in this study. The results revealed that there is a positive significant relationship between organizational climate and organizational citizenship behaviour. The results showed that there is a significant relationship between the organizational climate dimensions and organizational citizenship behaviour dimensions. This implied that the success of an institution is dependent upon the effective management of organisational climate, which is an important path to the success of employee’s citizenship behaviour. The study recommended that equity and fairness should be entrenched during appointments and promotions so as to reduce incidence of service sabotage among academic staff of private universities. In the spirit of harmony, management of private universities should score collaborative works more than individual outputs in order to encourage teamwork among academic staff