Private Space Research Articles

Geochemical soil analysis of sequential ritual and residential floors from the Maya site of Holtun

This research elucidates the changing function of some of the earliest types of monumental architecture in the Maya world, the E-Group, using ICP-MS soil chemistry analysis of associated floor surfaces at the site of Holtun, Guatemala. E-groups are architectural assemblages first appearing during the Middle Preclassic period that are associated with public, ritual activities, such as marking important celestial and agricultural events. Our methodology targeted sequential, stratigraphic plaza floors in the E-Group compound at Holtun to examine changing activities through time. Residential patio surfaces were also sampled as a comparison to public, ritual activity. Our results suggest that activities related to food production and consumption are visible in sequential plaza floors of the E-Group, and the locations of some of these activities changed over time. Moreover, activities and locations revealed through soil chemical analysis also differed somewhat from those in residential patios, suggesting different patterns of use in public versus private spaces.

The Sense-Making of Home Among Vietnamese Returning Graduates

While many Vietnamese students are reported to study abroad, experiences of home-making among Vietnamese returning students are paid scant attention to in current research on Vietnamese international student mobility. Conversations with 13 Vietnamese returning graduates were conducted in this study to explore the sense-making of home through a Heideggerian perspective on building and dwelling at home. The analysis of the empirical material shows that home which is constructed and experienced by the returning graduates’ use of intersecting materials is socially shared. It is an embodiment of returning migrants’ engagement in the world with familiarity and discomfort created by their friction with the interrelated materialistic and discursive aspects of life. Their returns involve incomplete life happenings with diverse emotions and experiences of belonging. The findings of this study add nuance to the extant understanding of home as belonging and challenge the common conceptualization of home as a private space.

The Offensiveness Torts

Abstract Three established torts require the defendant’s behavior to be “offensive” or “highly offensive” in order to be actionable: offensive battery, public disclosure of true private facts, and intrusion on seclusion. Although what links these “offensiveness” torts together has not been recognized before, this Article demonstrates that they occupy a sub-category of tort liability that is coherent, insight-generating, and useful. The torts developed at different times and in a sense for different reasons, but all three rest on the same principle: the idea that individual autonomy involves not only inviolable bodily space, but also inviolable private and informational space. What counts as actionable wrongdoing for these torts depends on the cultural context, because what is considered offensive conduct may vary, as cultural conditions change. The typical victim (or observer) of one of these torts must plausibly have the reaction “How dare you?” for the offensiveness element of the tort to be satisfied. That is what links these three superficially disparate torts together, and warrants understanding them together, as protections against invasions of the different forms of inviolable space that are a core feature of every individual’s autonomy.

Maternal Violence Against Children: A Brief Literature Review

Domestic Violence against Children and Adolescents (DVCA) is considered a social and public health problem, which occurs in the private space of the family. Mothers are among those who most violate their children because they are the main ones responsible for their care. This review analyzed the articles published in the last 12 years that dealt with maternal violence. It was found that most of the studies were qualitative, written in Portuguese, carried out in Brazil, and in the area of psychology. The high production by Brazilian authors shows that this phenomenon has become visible in the country. Physical violence and neglect were the most highlighted and the mothers participating in the studies were mostly from lower socioeconomic classes. There is a gap regarding the inclusion of mothers with other socioeconomic characteristics and from other countries. The content of the articles provided a wealth of information about the life histories and personalities of these women, but only a minority explored the relational vicissitudes of the mother-child dyads, which could result in more comprehensive and effective intervention proposals in the context of DVCA.

Testimonies about child sexual abuse in the family. Challenges of addressing the private sphere

BackgroundThis article is based on a study analysing survivors' testimonies (n = 870) about child sexual abuse (CSA) within the family. The context of the study is the Independent Inquiry into Child Sexual Abuse in Germany (IICSA). The Inquiry's work is based on the concept of witnessing and supporting mainly survivors of CSA to share their stories. Since 2016 the Inquiry has collected more than 2000 written and oral reports. ObjectiveThe article explores the challenges of working through and coming to terms with past and present aspects of child sexual abuse (CSA) in the private space of the family. The main focus here is on findings from the statistical analysis on perpetrators and bystanders. Participants and settingThe study involved an evaluation of 870 reports by survivors and third parties. MethodsDescriptive analysis was carried out on mentions of perpetrators, strategies of perpretators, climate in the family, bystanders in the family. ResultsSignificantly more female than male survivors have contacted the Inquiry. The youngest people who approached the Inquiry were adolescents and young adults between 16 and 21 years of age. The oldest people were between 76 and 80 years old (for reasons of secure pseudonymisation, spans of five years are given). The results pointed to insights about male and female perpetrators and the situation of the affected children in the family. In 47 % of the mentions of perpetrators, fathers and stepfathers were named, in 9 % it was the mother or stepmother, and in 11 % biological siblings were named. There is a proportion of cases in which more than one perpetrator is mentioned. ConclusionsOne aim was to identify common characteristics in the actions of perpetrators within families as well as insights into the structures in families that promote child sexual abuse. The discussion shed light on the importance of the third party and the possibilities for the perpetrators to shape the environment of the family as a whole.Witnessing by survivors is an important epistemological, ethical, and political instrument for creating knowledge.

“Now I Must Go”: Uncovering the Relationship Between Masculinity and Structural Vulnerability in Young African Men's Stories of Forced Migration

Drawing on personal narratives collected from Sub-Saharan African international protection holders and seekers in Sicily, this article aims to advance understanding of the gender-specific processes prompting young men to migrate toward Europe. Focusing on the diverse experiences of (or threat of) violence that prompted participants to migrate, I argue that masculinity can be seen as a mediating factor between the individual and structural levels, producing a set of structural vulnerabilities to male-on-male violence both in the public sphere and in private spaces like the familial context. Here, vulnerability should be understood as positionality, indicating participants’ placement within context-specific masculine hierarchies along the lines of age, migration status, and race. Accordingly, this article interprets the Central Mediterranean migration route as a highly masculinized migration arena, where the social reproduction of vulnerable male mobilities stemming from the hierarchical organization of masculinities is located on a continuum across different migration phases.

Spaces of Anti-Ableist, Feminist Resistance

This article describes how Las FemiDiskas, an anti-ableist, feminist social movement organization, develops virtual engagement strategies to resist ableist and sexist violence experienced in individual homes and public spaces. How do women with disabilities organize against patriarchal violence in private and public spaces during pandemic times in the global south? I explore this question through ethnographic participative audiovisual methods. As a transnational feminist and member of Las FemiDiskas, I use participatory observations to identify how members of this collective are raising awareness of violence inflicted against women with disabilities in Bolivia. The spaces of resistance created by Las FemiDiskas are made through transnational networks of feminist solidarities. The transformation of private spaces is affected as much as online spaces and public ones. The COVID-19 crisis pushed for the creation of a safe space to discuss and create a collective voice for women with disabilities. Online activism has opened a door to new inclusive spaces, where location is not an obstacle to collectively organizing, as long as there is internet accessibility. The creation of these new virtual spaces transforms existing material spaces and shapes the collective identity of women with disabilities and challenges and reconstructs notions of disability and gender. Exploring how digital and remote activism is deployed by women with disabilities and allies shines a light on future, kinder, non-discriminatory, and transnational practices within social movements.

Urban dynamics through the lens of human mobility.

The urban spatial structure represents the distribution of public and private spaces in cities and how people move within them. Although it usually evolves slowly, it can change quickly during large-scale emergency events, as well as due to urban renewal in rapidly developing countries. Here we present an approach to delineate such urban dynamics in quasi-real time through a human mobility metric, the mobility centrality index ΔKS. As a case study, we tracked the urban dynamics of eleven Spanish cities during the COVID-19 pandemic. The results revealed that their structures became more monocentric during the lockdown in the first wave, but kept their regular spatial structures during the second wave. To provide a more comprehensive understanding of mobility from home, we also introduce a dimensionless metric, KSHBT, which measures the extent of home-based travel and provides statistical insights into the transmission of COVID-19. By utilizing individual mobility data, our metrics enable the detection of changes in the urban spatial structure.

Becoming Sustainable, Underground

In the pandemic summer of 2020 in Helsinki, UG (underground) outdoor parties were able to disengage electronic live music practices from profit making and the logics of cultural extractivism, offering a sustainable practice by and for the local techno music scene. In this article, the UG parties are understood as a learning experience, in which sustainability gave access to a different way to produce and consume culture, in particular thanks to: (1) safe space and pedagogy, (2) ecological awareness, (3) no-profit and community building, (4) music curating, and (5) randomness and exploration. The UG party scene moved outdoors, with no profit to be made, and mostly on public land located in wastelands, shorelines, and forests. This operation suspended cultural extractivism through means that had been previously developed, but that acquired a new dimension because of being performed outdoors. The physical borders of indoor private spaces, and their real-estate dimension, is the key issue in relation to music extraction. When played in public natural settings, with no clear borders or limitations, music is able to regain a political dimension. The mixed-methods approach I used here involves interviews, digital ethnographies and post-party on-site explorations and was based on a thoughtful reflection on how to overcome ethical research issues on one side, and the fear of contagion on the other. A scene as a local actor in times of crisis plays a significant role in keeping social practices alive, and in defining ways to overcome and learn from difficult times.

Collaborative Governance: Efforts to Re-functionalize the Youtefa Bay Women's Forest Area Based on Local Wisdom

The importance of governance collaboration as an effort to restore the function of the Youtefa Bay mangrove forest area which is not only as a disaster controller, but as a source of community life, managed from generation to generation with its local wisdom. The method used is library research. Where data comes from various literatures, by conducting text and discourse analysis. The results of this study indicate that the existence of mangrove forests on the coast of Youtefa Bay, Papua, is not only limited to disaster management, but is like a mother who gives life. Mangrove forests have become part of the community's customs. There is a division of territory to work; men earn a living at sea, and women are given mangrove forests as a local food source. Mangrove forests became a private space for women. Forest was later named "Women's Forest" in the local language called Tonotwiyat. Aside from being a source of food, it has become a tradition for women to be responsible for protecting and caring for the forest so that it remains sustainable. However, this tradition began to erode along with the times. Developments that are not environmentally friendly and waste that pollutes the forest are part of the fading of women's traditions of caring for the mangrove ecosystem. Rehabilitation of mangrove forest areas affected by development is one of the efforts made by the government. Efforts to preserve mangrove forest areas are not only the task of the government. However, it must be carried out collaboratively with the government, community, NGOs, and the private sector. The collaborative governance approach as an effort to restore the function of mangrove forests can be carried out by prioritizing the local wisdom values ​​of the community. This collaboration is here to answer the lack of resources of each actor.

Multiset correlation and factor analysis enables exploration of multi-omics data

Multi-omics datasets are becoming more common, necessitating better integration methods to realize their revolutionary potential. Here, we introduce multi-set correlation and factor analysis (MCFA), an unsupervised integration method tailored to the unique challenges of high-dimensional genomics data that enables fast inference of shared and private factors. We used MCFA to integrate methylation markers, protein expression, RNA expression, and metabolite levels in 614 diverse samples from the Trans-Omics for Precision Medicine/Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis multi-omics pilot. Samples cluster strongly by ancestry in the shared space, even in the absence of genetic information, while private spaces frequently capture dataset-specific technical variation. Finally, we integrated genetic data by conducting a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of our inferred factors, observing that several factors are enriched for GWAS hits and trans-expression quantitative trait loci. Two of these factors appear to be related to metabolic disease. Our study provides a foundation and framework for further integrative analysis of ever larger multi-modal genomic datasets.

‘Fake’ Instagram use is associated with real differences in users' self-photo activities: An exploratory investigation considering body satisfaction

BackgroundCreating private spaces on social media (SM) for authentic self-presentation has rapidly gained popularity amongst young people. This pattern of use is particularly prevalent on Instagram in women under 25 as these users often report creating a second, low stakes account for authentic self-presentation, commonly referred to as a Finsta (a portmanteau of ‘Fake’ and ‘Instagram’). Previous research has associated Instagram use with body dissatisfaction in young women, but it remains unclear whether this association is applicable when considering different patterns of use. MethodThe present study investigates the association between self-photo activities (i.e., photo selection, investment, and manipulation) and body satisfaction in a sample of undergraduate female Instagram users (N = 224) with (n = 112) and without (n = 112) a Finsta. ResultsA series of analyses of covariance (ANCOVA) controlling for minutes on Instagram and age revealed that, when comparing their Finsta to their own main account and to the main account of users without a Finsta, Finsta users reported taking fewer photos of themselves, engaging in less photo editing, and feeling less invested in their posts. Furthermore, body satisfaction was differentially associated with self-photo activities in Finsta users and non-users. Specifically, body satisfaction was negatively associated with photo selection, investment, and editing in users without a Finsta only. ConclusionFinsta users do not show the same associations between body satisfaction and self-photo activities as Instagram users without a Finsta. The implications of these results, limitations of the present study, and suggestions for future research are discussed.

Baldwin’s communicating cats

ABSTRACT The article looks at William Baldwin’s idea of the cat as companion, the animal functioning as a potentially wild and alien companion to human sociality and family spaces. Baldwin probes the flesh-eating fears Tudor citizens harboured about the cats in their midst; and explores the witness role they play occupying liminal positions between the sexes, sectarian extremes, public and private spaces, in ways that interrogate the boundaries between animal and human zones. The essay argues that cats are dreamt as hybrid animals, wild and tame, killers and companions. Their meat-eating powers, their sexual prowess and ambiguous witnessing of human privacies are seen as triggering deep-seated anxieties fostered by the sectarian ideological conflicts of Tudor politics and religion. Baldwin’s novel also looks at the ways cats’ secret witnessing reveals the sexual secrets of the Tudor domestic sphere, as from a female point of view; and how, with Mouse-slayer’s revenge, that witnessing turns against the human as species to create a narrative of radical animal resistance to domestication and subservience.

The Reader, the Rodent, and the Viral Regeneration of Fear: Kafka’s “The Burrow” as a Covid-19 Allegory

Despite the varied responses to Covid-19 across the world, the pandemic created a universal culture of fear that reshaped human perception of public spaces, social relations, and the meaning of social distancing. In light of this, the article probes the polity of fear in Franz Kafka’s “The Burrow”, which I treat as a contemporary Covid-19 allegory. The article looks into the relationship between the abnormal actions of the animal-narrator in “The Burrow”, the identity crisis suffered by many modern-day individuals during the outbreak of the pandemic, and the paradox of reading within Kafka’s text. The process of reading Kafka’s story seems to provide a sound, logical, and coherent interpretation of its highly coded messages. However, in reality it cultivates a fearful, labyrinth-like network of manifold meanings, which are symbolically embodied in the continued acts of burrowing by Kafka’s underground animal, presumably a rodent, to secure its hidden place against possible intrusion. The article, on the one hand, shows that this animal–burrow and/or reader–text anxiety speaks to an apprehensive sense of physical disorientation and fragmented spatiality which individuals experienced in private and public spaces as a consequence of the Covid-19 pandemic. On the other hand, it reflects on relations between rodent/reader and their social environments, which can explicate the nature of social relations in contemporary cultures during the Covid-19 pandemic. The article shows how Kafka’s paradox of reading explicates the complex meanings of social interaction in a time of a viral pandemic and the fragile image of self-management in dangerous landscapes/texts that offer nothing but a frequent desire for re-building and/or re-interpretation.

Trust TEE?: Exploring the Impact of Trusted Execution Environments on Smart Home Privacy Norms

IoT devices like smart cameras and speakers provide convenience but can collect sensitive information within private spaces. While research has investigated user perception of comfort with information flows originating from these types of devices, little focus has been given to the role of the sensing hardware in influencing these sentiments. Given the proliferation of trusted execution environments (TEEs) across commodity- and server-class devices, we surveyed 1049 American adults using the Contextual Integrity framework to understand how the inclusion of cloud-based TEEs in IoT ecosystems may influence comfort with data collection and use. We find that cloud-based TEEs significantly increase user comfort across information flows. These increases are more pronounced for devices manufactured by smaller companies and show that cloud-based TEEs can bridge the previously-documented gulfs in user trust between small and large companies. Sentiments around consent, bystander data, and indefinite retention are unaffected by the presence of TEEs, indicating the centrality of these norms.

PERCEPTION OF STYLE INFLUENCES IN ARCHITECTURAL SPACE

This research presents a theoretical study, which reflects the importance, possibilities, and character of stylistics observed in some periods of time and manifested in objects and interior elements in public or private architectural spaces in Moldova. The author reflects on the role of research by observing and exploiting the stylistic interference of other cultures and nations, the creations of representatives in the field, and by forming a complex picture of the Moldovan interior space. The influence of stylistic elements on the interior space in different periods of time is elucidated, observed, and implemented in the residential or non-residential space through form and constructive materials, interior design, organization and zoning, furniture, stylistic detailing, but also through visual arts in painting and graphics, real historical portraits, landscape paintings, interiors from different localities and periods of time, demonstrating the undeniable richness of the cultural heritage of the Republic of Moldova, but also the need for research and exploitation of the national treasure.

Positive experiences in emotional labor: Deep acting, symbolic boundaries, and labor autonomy

One important approach to studying emotional labor is to focus on its negative impact from the perspective of organizational psychology. Less attention is paid to the positive effect. This paper adopts a cultural sociology approach to study how “maternity helpers” use boundary work, such as “deep acting” and constructing symbolic boundaries, to produce positive experiences in the process of emotional labor. In deep acting, they actively distort the boundaries of the private space, introduce a family-oriented narrative, and participate in a certain amount of “philanthropic labor”. They are also engaged in constructing symbolic boundaries by promoting themselves as “childcare experts”, in order to get the upper hand when interacting and negotiating with clients. Both boundary work strategies constitute an attempt to challenge social boundaries by constructing symbolic boundaries. This paper argues that the concept of autonomy in emotional labor should adopt a relational approach, thus accounting for the ability for the laborers to autonomously choose strategies that can produce equal and meaningful social relations, rather than merely focusing on the independent self with clear boundaries or the ability to control the labor process. Nevertheless, autonomy in emotional labor is constrained by both institutional and cultural conditions.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DIGITAL GAME ADDICTION, EXECUTIVE FUNCTIONS AND IMPULSIVITY IN EARLY ADOLESCENTS

Privacy is what one can be in his or her private space without being disturbed by others. Privacy invasion is the unauthorized intervention of other people in the private area of the person. The current study was largely concerned with the association between digital game addiction, specific cognitive functions especially, three components of executive function (inhibition, set shifting and working memory) and impulsivity in early adolescents. Sampling consisted of 6th (55.1%) and 7th (44.9%) grade middle school students (36 females and 62 males). The mean age of the students was determined as 12.35 years (SD =0.75; age range, 10–14 years). Digital game addiction, inhibition, set shifting, working memory, and impulsivity were evaluated via Digital Game Addiction Scale (DGAS), Stroop Test TBAG Form, Trail Making Test (TMT), Wechsler Memory Scale-III Letter-Number Sequencing Subtest (WMS–III/LNS) and Short Form of Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11-SF), respectively. According to the correlation analysis results, selective and complex attention, inhibition, set shifting, and impulse control were diminished with increasing digital game addiction. There is no significant relationship between digital game addiction and working memory. Consistent with the correlation analysis, structural equation model results revealed that digital game addiction significantly predicts inhibition, set shifting and impulsivity [x2 (15, N = 98) = 7.476, p > 0.5; x2/df = 1.246; RMSEA = .05; CFI = .95; GFI = .97]. As a results, it can be concluded that digital game addiction should be controlled in order to manage impulses and develop high-capacity cognitive skills in children.

THE LIFE OF THE NIQAB AND SIRWAL; Phenomenological Study of Family Power Relations to Stigma

This research departs from the widespread stigmatization experienced by those who wear the niqab and sirwal. Society views this attribute negatively because one of them is the actions of terrorists, suicide bombers and others, who carry out their actions using a niqab or sirwal. So this study aims to explore the experiences of the niqab and sirwal users in the private sphere, such as the family and the public sphere in society. To see these two contexts, this study uses the perspective of power relations theory from Michel Foucault and the Stigma concept from Erving Goffman. Meanwhile, methodologically, this study uses a qualitative approach to explore the experiences of the niqab and sirwal users. The findings in this study are that women who wear the niqab in power relations with their parents experience discrimination and social control regarding their attributes. In contrast to sirwal users, who are more liberated by their families in using attributes. Meanwhile, in the public sphere, niqab women again experienced verbal harassment from the public, unlike sirwal, who never experienced harassment. In this case, a woman wearing a niqab is verbally abused not only because she wears a niqab but because she is a woman who is considered inferior in a patriarchal society. In addition, in this case, niqab women experience double discrimination in private and public spaces.

Architectural Interventions in Psychiatric Centre towards Treating Social Isolation: A Review

Abstract: Tackling isolation is much more complex than bringing people's private space physically closer. Bullying and harassment among peers, adult abuse and neglect of children, and suicide as a kind of self-abuse are the primary cause of social isolation. To improve the overall well-being of human beings, mental health should be kept in the first place for that. Since mental illness is sometimes stigmatized, sufferers may feel humiliated or embarrassed about needing treatment. Even worse, mental health facilities are stigmatized as depressing, institutional places where no one wants to spend time. So, the study of alternate method of treatment is required which include architectural interventions.