Private Sector In Vietnam Research Articles

Closing nature connectedness to foster environmental culture: investigating urban residents’ utilization and contribution to parks in Vietnam

This study aims to investigate the potential for enhancing financial contributions to nature conservation and/or environment protection contributed by citizens and/or the private sector in Vietnam. Specifically, the study empirically examines the antecedents of the utilization patterns and financial contribution of city dwellers to public and national parks. We introduce and use a novel CBMM analytic method (Bayesian mindsponge mindspongeconomics combined with Culture Tower) to analyze the dataset of 535 Vietnamese urban residents surveyed in late 2020. Empirical results demonstrate that the more frequently individuals visit parks, the more likely they are to contribute financially to projects in parks as a whole. In addition, having trees in the house positively correlates with donations to national park conservation projects, while the intention to visit a national park in the next 12 months encourages urban residents to contribute to planting projects in public parks. These results suggest that improved environmental literacy and nature connectedness can help encourage citizens to act collectively to help alleviate the financial burden in dealing with environmental issues. We also found that the increased frequency of bushmeat consumption impedes people’s intention to support conservation projects, implying that the consumer culture of nature might be a hindrance in the efforts to engage the public. Based on the findings, this study offers not only the key solution to alleviate financial burdens for nature conservation but also paves the way to nurture and foster environmental culture associated with closer nature connectedness and improved consumption culture for a sustainable future in years to come.

Private Sector Corruption in Vietnam: From Legislation to its Impact on the Economy

Purpose: The objective of this study was to analyze Vietnamese legal legislation regarding corruption in the private sector, identify its current shortcomings, and assess its impact on the Vietnamese economy since its adoption in 2018.
 
 Theoretical framework: There have been many studies to assess corruption in Vietnam in many aspects, including the overview of corruption in Vietnam, the influence of corruption on economic development, and the consequences of corruption. However, there is still much to investigate and learn about the impact of the current provisions on corruption in the private sector on Vietnam’s economy.
 
 Design/methodology/approach: The study uses secondary data from the Provincial Competitiveness Index Report (PCI Vietnam) issued by the Vietnam Chamber of Commerce and Industry (VCCI) in collaboration with the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). Besides, the article analyzes Vietnam's Corruption Control Index (CCI), which is assessed annually by the World Bank (WB). At the same time, the authors refer to the data on Vietnam's GDP and make a comparison with the CC index to clarify the article’s objective. The authors also use a qualitative method by analyzing previous studies to assess the corruption in the private sector in Vietnam, the rules of law concerning private corruption, and its impact on the economy.
 
 Findings: Vietnam has had specific legislative achievements in criminalizing private corruption in the 2015 Criminal Law and promulgating anti-corruption provisions in the 2018 Anti-Corruption Law. These regulations had a positive impact on Vietnam's economy. However, corruption in the private sector in Vietnam is quite severe, especially bribery in business.
 
 Research, Practical & Social implications: We suggest future research of in-depth analysis of the causes and effects of specific kinds of corruption acts in the private sector.
 
 Originality/value: The results indicate that the new provisions on corruption in the private sector since it was adopted have positively affected the development of Vietnam's economy and the fight against corruption.

The Development of Private Economy in Vietnam from 1986 to 2001: from Policy to Practice

The recognition of the private economy as an integral part of the economy at the Sixth National Congress (1986) of the Communist Party of Vietnam stems from the practical needs of Vietnam before doi moi. From 1986 to 2001, the private sector in Vietnam has gradually affirmed its role and position in the socialist-oriented market economy and has made important contributions to national budget, increasing gross domestic product growth and job creation. However, besides the positive contributions, the private economy in Vietnam still reveals certain limitations in the development process.

The State’s Role in Recovering and Developing the Private Sector in Vietnam in the COVID-19 Pandemic

The COVID-19 pandemic has strongly hit the Vietnamese economy, including the private sector. Based on the analysis of the pandemic-caused impacts on this particular sector, the article evaluates the policies that Vietnam did implement in response to the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 and 2021. It is found that the Government had issued a number of policies to support businesses such as investment capital, financial costs, labor, and employment... but there are still certain limitations. The article, therefore, proposes some recommendations to effectively implement those policies in the coming time.

The State’s Role in Recovering and Developing the Private Sector in Vietnam in the COVID-19 Pandemic

The COVID-19 pandemic has strongly hit the Vietnamese economy, including the private sector. Based on the analysis of the pandemic-caused impacts on this particular sector, the article evaluates the policies that Vietnam did implement in response to the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 and 2021. It is found that the Government had issued a number of policies to support businesses such as investment capital, financial costs, labor, and employment... but there are still certain limitations. The article, therefore, proposes some recommendations to effectively implement those policies in the coming time.

Investigating factors attracting the participation of the private sector in rural water supplyin Vietnam

ABSTRACT This paper overviews Vietnam’s outcomes in implementing policies in the rural water supply and then applies a Delphi technique to determine the key factors in attracting the private sector in the context. Five factors were identified, including: government commitments; a unit at the central level to support projects; an authority at the local level to promote the activities of projects; guaranteed financial capacity to support projects; and a legal framework for the realization of projects. The findings from this study provide insights that may promote the participation of the private sector in Vietnam. The paper offers some lessons for other developing countries to pursue similar approaches.

Approaches to Master the 4th Industrial Revolution for Private Enterprises in Vietnam

Abstract: The 4th Industrial Revolution (4IR) is changing all disciplines and global economy. The revolution is expected to introduce profound impacts on the socio-economic development in every nation. The private sector in Vietnam, although accounting for large percentage, is mostly small scaled with low performance. Therefore, approaches to promote the development of private enterprises coupling with the Revolution are of great concerns. This paper examines the impacts of the 4IR on production, a key characteristic of Vietnamese private enterprises, and proposing a number of thematic solutions for their advancing with the 4IR

Business associations and the politics of contained participation in Vietnam

The development of the private sector in Vietnam since the mid-1990s has accompanied the emergence of organised business interests, which is recognised as vital to pursuing the agenda of economic modernisation. This article aims to explore the significance of the interactions between the state and business associations representing small-and-medium enterprises. It demonstrates that business associations have transformed state–business relations in a way that is distinguishable from state corporatism or societal pluralism. The analysis examines the interplay between state actors and emerging non-state entities, and the deliberative capacity of intermediary organisations in the policy-making process, specifically through the Vietnam Association of Small and Medium Enterprises. It is argued that this process constitutes a new mode of political participation that reflects the entanglement of the state and private capital interests. It reveals features of contained participation and contributes to the research agenda on deliberative and governance practices in post-socialist transitional economies.越南私有部门自1990年代中期以来的发展，伴随着管理有组织商业利益的立法的出台。而有组织的商业利益被视为实现经济现代化的关键。本文探讨了国家与商业协会在为中小企业打造适宜市场环境方面所进行的互动。商业协会成为具有战略意义的政治主体，以一种不同于国家统合主义或社会多元主义的方式改写了政府和商业的关系。本文探讨了国家主体与新兴非国家实体之间的相互作用，并评价了中间组织——尤其像越南中小企业协会——在政策制定过程中的协商能力。作者认为，该过程造成了一种新的政治参与方式，反映了国家和私人资本利益之间的纠结。它还揭示了其中所包含的参与的诸特点，并对于研究后社会主义转型经济体中出现的协商及治理实践，或能起到抛砖引玉的作用。

Medical abortion practices among private providers in Vietnam

ObjectiveTo describe medical abortion (MA) practices among private providers in Vietnam.MethodsThe study subjects were women (n = 258) undergoing early MA through 12 private providers in Hanoi during February–June 2012. The women were interviewed on the day of their procedure and were followed up by telephone 14 days after mifepristone administration.ResultsOf the 258 women in the study, 97% used a regimen of mifepristone plus misoprostol; 80% were instructed to administer misoprostol at home. MA resulted in a complete termination in 90.8% of cases. All women were provided with information on potential complications and were instructed to return for a follow-up visit. We successfully followed up 77.5% (n = 200) of participants by telephone, while nearly two-thirds of women returned to the clinic for a follow-up visit. At follow-up, 39.5% of women reported having used a Help line service, while 7% had sought help from a health provider. A high unmet need for postabortion family planning was identified.ConclusionFollow-up of women, postabortion care, and the provision of family planning have been identified as important areas to address for strengthening MA services in the private sector in Vietnam.

Business-State Relations in the Differentiated Private Sector in Vietnam: Access to Capital and Land

Abstract This paper examines private businesses’ access to land and capital in Vietnam. It finds that the allocation of these resources to private firms is still excessively state-driven and personalised, and examines the links that business people of different ethnical and regional backgrounds have with the state and how this facilitates or hinders their access to land and capital. Lacking relationships with the state may have profound consequences for unconnected private enterprises, which are accordingly subject to uneven competition from connected ones. The paper suggests that private businesses’ uneven opportunities are basically a consequence of the general history of the country and the role that individual business people have played in it, in such respects as having had former state-sector employment, party membership, the “side” they were on before and during the Vietnam War etc. In this, factors such as ethnicity, origin and present location in either northern or southern Vietnam play an important part.

Formal and Informal Institutions in a Transition Economy: The Case of Vietnam

Summary We examine the role of informal and formal institutions behind the growth of private sector in Vietnam since the official recognition of private enterprises in the early 1990s. We show that firms have increasingly taken on risks in their transactions in spite of weak formal institutions. Risk-taking by firms can be explained by the use of informal institutions such as relational contracts and networks along with recourse to emerging formal institutions such as written contracts. Our results suggest that informal institutions remain important as mechanisms of risk management even as the economy matures and new formal institutions gradually develop.

A Study on Roles of Urban Planning for City Formulation through Development Investments by the Private Sector in Vietnam under the Transition Economy

A Study on Roles of Urban Planning for City Formulation through Development Investments by the Private Sector in Vietnam under the Transition Economy

Internal Business Organisation in the Private Garment Industry in Vietnam: The Roles of Ethnicity, Origin and Location

This paper pinpoints important differences within the private sector in Vietnam. It shows that the country's private sector is much more heterogeneous than is often suggested, and attempts to reveal some of the causal mechanisms that cause this diversification. Theoretically, the paper draws on business system theory, particularly on that aspect of it that deals with internal business organisation, in order to examine the nature of and trends in relation to firm-level management and control. On this background, the paper uncovers a Vietnamese-owned segment in Hanoi, two different Vietnamese-owned segments in Ho Chi Minh City distinguished by the origins of their owners, and a Vietnamese Chinese-owned segment in Ho Chi Minh City.

The Pattern of Business Decisions Among Vietnamese Entrepreneurs in the Socialist Republic of Vietnam

The pattern on strategic decisions found among entrepreneurs in the Socialist Republic of Vietnam seems to be similar to those uncovered in a study conducted among Vietnamese American small business owners. These results, however, are different from those of many researches done among American entrepreneurs in this country. This discrepancy may be attributed to the culture. The survey confirmed that Vietnam does indeed have a group of successful private entrepreneurs. It also confirms that the poor business environment in which their firms operate has not only constrained but also distorted their development. Forcing many to operate in low value-added industries. As such, Vietnam's private sector, as a whole, is vulnerable to rapidly shrinking margins and volatile global markets.