Private School Principals Research Articles

Principal's Authentic Leadership Practices and Teachers’ Job motivation in the Secondary Cluster Schools of Excellence (SCSE) in Johor Bahru

Authentic leadership is leadership that is genuine, authentic and prioritizes behavior according to ethical principles. The Malaysian Education Development Plan (PPPM) 2013-2015 through the 5th shift outlines the need to place high performance leadership in each school in order to keep up with changes in education at the global level. However, many reports and studies have found that there are still a few principals in schools who do not carry out their roles according to their actual duties. The objective of the study was to identify the level of principal's authentic leadership practices and the level of teachers’job motivation in the Secondary Cluster Schools Of Excellence (SCSE) in Johor Bahru. A quantitative method using a set of questionnaires as an instrument was selected and distributed to 187 teachers through purposive sampling from three SCSE in the Johor Bahru. The data was analyzed through the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 20 software. Overall, the findings showed that principals practice a high level of authentic leadership in parallel with a high level of job motivation among teachers of SCSE in Johor Bahru. The researcher suggested that the level of authentic leadership practices can be improved through additional courses or recognition of contributions on a monthly basis covering all areas. Empirical studies supported by qualitative methods taking into account of different target groups to deepen authentic leadership collectively with a focus on principals of private schools or various types of schools under the Malaysian Ministry of Education should be carried out in the future.

The Degree of Transformational Leadership Practice among Public and Private Secondary School Principals in the Capital Municipality of Sana'a

This study aimed to determine the degree to which transformational leadership dimensions are practiced by public and private secondary school principals in the Capital Municipality of Sana'a, from the perspective of teachers. A descriptive-analytical approach was employed to achieve the study's objectives. The study sample consisted of (899) male and female teachers. Data was collected using a questionnaire, and a number of inferential statistical methods were used for analysis. The study found that the degree of transformational leadership practice among public and private school principals in the Capital Municipality of Sana'a, as perceived by teachers, was high, with a mean of (4.02). The dimensions were ranked in descending order as follows: (idealized influence, inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation, individual consideration, and empowering teachers). The study also found statistically significant differences in the responses of the sample members regarding the degree of transformational leadership practice among public and private secondary school principals which could be attributed to the variable of teacher qualification and school type; the differences were in favor of the non-educational university qualification category and in favor of the private schools' category. The results also showed that there were no statistically significant differences attributed to the variables of (school principal gender, teacher gender, and years of teaching experience). The study provided several recommendations in light of its findings, the most important of which is to hold training courses and professional development programs for principals to raise the level of their practice of transformational leadership behaviors.

Democratic Leadership of Private School Principals in Ain Al-Basha District and its Relationship to Motivating Teachers from their Point of View

Democratic Leadership of Private School Principals in Ain Al-Basha District and its Relationship to Motivating Teachers from their Point of View

Comparative Analysis of Challenges in Educational Management in Public and Private Secondary Level

Principals set a great example for their mentees by sharing their knowledge and experience in the classroom. It is also known that head teachers in Pakistan face a lot of educational and teaching problems when they first start working at their schools. Problems with discipline, not having enough classroom space, overcrowding, and ineffective educational policies and programs are all brought up in this study. So are psychological issues caused by the difference between ideals and reality, not having enough professional skills and training, and not knowing enough about the subject. This study is about the management problems that high school leaders have to deal with. The study looked at leaders of both public and private schools that have teachers. The point of this study was to look at both state and private schools in the Bahawalnagar areas. One hundred and sixteen head teachers filled out a self-structured form. The study used a sampling method with more than one step. The results show that private school principals depend on outside help to run their schools well. They think that district administrative officials give them important advice on financial and administrative issues.

Burnout Phenomenon on Principals: Impact on Behavior and its Mitigation Strategies

Objective: This research was conducted to gain further understanding of the real experiences (life experiences) of private school principals in order to reveal the substantive meaning of the entire process of their experience of the burnout phenomenon through personal interactions with the principals who were the research subjects which were then articulated through a burnout model that explains more about the processes and factors that play a role in the dynamics of the burnout phenomenon that apply specifically to the subject of school principals. Theoretical Framework: Qualitative research conducted using the phenomenological approach. Research validity was obtained through triangulation of data sources and cross perspectives. Research reliability was obtained through data saturation and in-depth-understanding of the subject from the selected informants. Method: 12 school principals that have worked for around 5-17 years are selected through criteria matching for interviews. This research uses narrative analysis of stories obtained from in-depth interviews with research informants. Result and conclusion: This research has presented evidence that although the role of a leader is very important to motivate and improve the performance of the people being led, in fact the same thing also applies vice versa, the more the people being led or managed can be cooperative with the leader, the more positive the performance of a leader, especially for private school principals in Indonesia. On the other hand, educational foundations as the authority to supervise school principals also have a role in creating a conducive situation for school principals to carry out their duties as well as possible. Research Implications: This research point out several potential steps that need to be taken by educational foundations or organizations that manage an educational institution. This is to ensure that anyone who serves as a school principal can play their role appropriately, efficiently, and produce added value to the organization in the long term. Originality/Value: The findings of this research reinforce theories regarding the burnout phenomenon that have existed so far, by enriching and clarifying the understanding of the meaning of the phenomenon by which the burnout phenomenon occurs at the leadership level in education industry nowadays.

Comparative Analysis of Principal’s Managerial Practices for Teacher’s Retention in Public and Private Secondary Schools in Anambra State, Nigeria

The seeming teacher turnover in secondary schools in Nigeria necessitated this study on managerial practices of principals for teachers’ retention in public and private secondary schools in Anambra State, Nigeria. The study adopted the descriptive survey research design. Two research questions guided the study, while two hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level of significance. The population of the study comprised 650 principals in the 256 public and 394 private secondary schools in Anambra State. There was no sampling as the entire population was used for the study. A researcher’s developed questionnaire was the instrument used for data collection. The instrument was validated by three experts who are lecturers, two in Educational Measurement and Evaluation, Department of Educational Foundations and the other in Educational Management and Planning, Department of Educational Management and Policy all in the Faculty of Education Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State Nigeria. The Cronbach’s alpha method was used to determine the internal consistency of the items which yielded an overall reliability coefficient of 0.75. The researcher with the help of ten research assistants distributed and successfully collected 490 copies of the questionnaire administered. The research questions were answered using the arithmetic mean while the hypotheses were tested using t-test. It was found among others that principals in public and private secondary schools in Anambra state to a high extent apply managerial practices of collaborative school culture for teachers’ retention. Based on the findings of the study, it was recommended among others that principals of public and private secondary schools should provide an avenue for team teaching, peer coaching and formation of study group among teachers towards enhancing teachers’ retention.

The Degree of Practicing Administration with a shared vision among Principals of Private Schools within the North Region of Jordan from Principals and Teachers' Point of View

This study aimed to identify the degree of practicing administration with a shared vision among principals of private schools within the North Region of Jordan from Principals and Teachers' point of view. The descriptive survey methodology was used, a questionnaire was used for data collection, and the study participants were (381) of private schools’ principals and teachers, who were randomly selected. The results showed a high degree of practicing administration with a shared vision among principals of private schools within the North Region of Jordan, the presence of statistically significant differences at the level of significance (α≤0.05) between the study sample responses due to the variable of the educational stage in favor of kindergarten principals, and the absence of statistically significant differences attributed to the variables (years of experience, academic qualification, and province). The study recommended utilizing the experience of teachers in formulating the school's vision.

Emotional Intelligence and its Relationship to the Leadership Practices of the Principals of Private Schools in the University District from their Point of View

The study aimed at determining the emotional intelligence and its relationship to the leadership practices of private school principals in the university district from their point of view. The population of the study consisted of all principals in private schools in the university district totaling (138). A simple random sample of (105) principals was selected. The researcher used the descriptive correlational methodology, and used two tools composed of a questionnaire to measure the level of Emotional intelligence and the other is to measure the degree of Leadership practices. The results showed that the level of emotional intelligence and the degree of leadership practices were high; moreover, there was a positive relationship between the dimensions of emotional intelligence and leadership practices of the principals of private schools in the university district from their point of view. The study recommended developing a training program to improve emotional intelligence skills among the principals of public and private schools, as well as disseminate all successful experiences and use them for educational institutions.

Contextualizing Contingency Management Plan: A Disaster Risk Reduction Toolkit for School Principals in the Philippines

This developmental study aimed to evaluate the disaster risk reduction and management (DRRM) capabilities, preparedness, and emergency response competence of Filipino school principals in Guimaras Island, while also developing a relevant contingency management planning toolkit tailored to the needs of the region. The study involved 92 deliberately selected participants, including public elementary and secondary school principals, as well as private school administrators. Data was collected using a researcher-made questionnaire consisting of three sections: DRRM Assessment Capability, Preparedness, and Emergency Response Competence. Descriptive statistics, including frequency counts, percentage analysis, mean, standard deviation, and rank, were used for data analysis. The results indicated that both public and private school principals in Guimaras demonstrated a high capability for risk assessment, substantial preparedness, and a significant level of competence in emergency response. Notably, their assessment capability was strongest in areas such as monitoring and evaluating DRRM programs and understanding Site Development Plans, while their least predominant skills were related to maintaining and strengthening lifeline systems and estimating equipment lifespans. In terms of DRRM preparedness, strengths included utilizing DepEd Orders for class suspensions during inclement weather and providing emergency contact directories. Weaknesses were identified in areas like capacitating student-led watch teams and preparing localized school policies for disaster preparedness. Regarding emergency response, school principals were found to be highly competent in managing personnel and coordinating with the Local DRRM Team. They were also proficient in providing necessities to teachers and students and reporting damages using the RADaR App. To address the identified gaps, a contextualized toolkit was proposed, tailored to the specific needs of Guimaras schools. This toolkit received excellent ratings from experts in terms of its attributes, objectives, content, usefulness, and self-help features.

Leadership Styles Predict Conflict Management Styles Evidence from Education Sector in AJ&K

This current research study aimsat finding relationship between leadership styles of secondary school principals with conflict management styles. Important objective of the current research study was, to find relationship between leadership styles and principals conflict management styles. Another objective was to ascertain difference in leadership styles and styles of conflict management. All heads of both government and private educational institution at secondary school level were the population of this research. Total 155 school heads were selected as sample size of the study through Krejice & Morgan sample selection table. Standard questionnaires were used for data collection. Significant and positive relationship was found between leadership styles and conflict management styles of school principals. Public school heads possessed autocratic styles of leadership as most opted style and laissez-fair was most favored leadership style of private school principals. There was difference in conflict management styles of school principals. All three null hypotheses were rejected.

The Degree of Commitment to the Ethics of the Teaching Profession Among Teachers and Its Relationship to the Administrative Planning of Private School Principals in Irbid Governorate

The Degree of Commitment to the Ethics of the Teaching Profession Among Teachers and Its Relationship to the Administrative Planning of Private School Principals in Irbid Governorate

STRATEGI INOVATIF KEPALA SEKOLAH DALAM PEMENUHAN HONORARIUM GURU TERDAFTAR DAPODIK DI SEKOLAH SWASTA

Honorarium for Quality Improvement (HPM) of Educators and Non-State Civil Apparatus (ASN) Education Personnel to improve welfare, quality of performance, and competency development to achieve the goal of education in Bandung. However, HPM for non-ASN honorary teachers has not been fully accommodated for honorary teachers in Bandung. This study aims to describe the system in making honorary teacher honorarium policies in private schools. The approach taken is qualitative, the data comes from observation, interviews, and documents. The research subjects were three private school principals in Bandung, and three school operators there. The first one represents a financially stable school and can make policies without fully involving the foundation. The second, represents a school that is financially secure and the foundation is fully involved in determining school policy. The last, represents a school that is not yet financially secure. The research finding is an alternative policy for the school principal in adapting mayor's regulation which has not yet accommodated honorary teachers for quality improvement honors whose data is based on the system. The steps were taken by private school principals to accommodate honorary teachers by adapting the mayor's regulations which were revealed to be the criteria for awarding honorariums for quality improvement.

Tersejahteranya Guru Honorer dengan Adanya Kebijakan P3K

In the current era, many young people are less interested in having aspirations to become teachers, even though being a teacher is a very noble profession, so the purpose of this research is to examine what factors make young people who know now less interested in becoming teachers and what are the government's solutions to overcome these problems so that in this study the authors used the library research method to conduct research, the results obtained were that the factors that make today's young people less interested in becoming teachers are one of the causal factors namely the low salary of teachers in Indonesia, especially honorary teachers so if we look at it from the welfare side they are still not prosperous, this can be seen from the fact that there are still many honorary teachers in Indonesia who work part-time outside of teaching hours to make ends meet so that this makes young people less interested in becoming teachers because their welfare is not guaranteed so that to overcome this problem the government issued a PPPK policy by opening the formation of around 1 million specifically for students, the purpose of this PPK policy is to make honorary teachers prosperous in Indonesia, but with the existence of this PPK policy it turns out to have positive and negative impacts, the positive impact that gives rise to this policy is that honorary teachers get decent welfare because they no longer have to look for side jobs to meet their needs so that teachers can focus more on their work as educators so that the learning process can be carried out optimally while the negative impact caused by this policy is the negative impact namely the acceptance of government employees with this work agreement. private schools that experience a shortage of teachers because teachers who take part in and pass the PPPK selection are transferred to public schools. So this makes private schools experience a shortage of students. private school principals who pass PPPK will still be assigned to their school of origin.

The Role of Professional Training According to the Deming Model of Total Quality in Developing the Job Performance of Private School Principals

The Role of Professional Training According to the Deming Model of Total Quality in Developing the Job Performance of Private School Principals

Investigating the Conflict Management Styles of Leadership in Secondary Schools through Structural Theory of Conflict

Conflict exists in all kinds of work settings no matter how much you attempt to avoid it, if you work with people the chances are you will have to deal with conflict at some point. Conflict management has received much attention in the organizational literature in the recent past; because of a shift in attitudes toward conflict in organizations. This study focused on the conflict management styles of the principals of public and private sector schools. The study employed a survey; the population consisted of all the ‘secondary school principals of Bangi Selangor Malaysia. To test the instrument and determine sample size through formula, a pilot study was conducted, and the sample size was 154. For six research and four demographic variables, a 5-point Likert scale was used to record the responses. The study concluded that leadership should not suppress or resolve the conflict, but shall manage it in consultation with the supervisor and other employees. Since the principal’s conflict management styles affect the member’s behavior and eventually the organization’s performance. Therefore, different types of conflict management styles should be applied based on the appropriate situation, and that requires the ability of a manager to adapt their behavior according to the different situations to meet the needs. At the same time, trust is also an essential component that plays a role as the foundation of relationships, which is especially important when it comes to teamwork.

ADMINISTRATIVE STRATEGIES TO ENHANCE TEACHERS’ COMMITMENT IN DELTA STATE PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN NIGERIA

This study examined the administrative strategies to enhance teachers’ commitment in Delta State public and private secondary schools. Four research questions and four hypotheses guided the study. A descriptive method of ex-post facto research design was adopted with a sample size of 414 public and 620 registered private secondary schools in the 25 Local Government Areas. A validated and reliable questionnaire was the instrument used for data collection. Mean and standard deviation was used to answer the research questions while independent samples t-test was used to test the null hypotheses. The findings of the study revealed amongst others that available administrative strategies to enhance teachers’ commitment include, monitoring teachers’ activities, maintaining a proper channel of communication, use of committee system in schools, performance appraisal of teachers, teachers’ participation in decision making, the delegation of duties, regular staff meeting and motivation of teachers. The study also revealed that there is no significant difference between principals of public and private secondary schools on the available administrative strategies used to enhance teachers’ commitment in Delta State; that there no significant difference between public and private secondary school principals on administrative strategies commonly used to enhance teachers’ commitment in Delta State secondary schools; that there no significant difference between public and private school principals on preferred administrative strategies more positively inclined to enhance teachers’ commitment in Delta State secondary schools; and that there was no significant difference between public and private school principals on suggested administrative strategies to enhance teachers’ commitment in Delta State secondary schools. The study recommended that School principals should create an environment that will enhance collaborative practice. When a conducive environment is created in the school and collaborative practice is encouraged teachers will be committed to their job.<p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/soc/0023/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

A PROPOSED ADMINISTRATIVE PROGRAM TO EVALUATE THE JOB PERFORMANCE OF LEADERS OF PRIVATE SCHOOLS IN JERUSALEM BASED ON THE 360-DEGREE EVALUATION SYSTEM

This study aimed to build an administrative program to evaluate the job performance of private school leaders in Jerusalem based on the 360-degree evaluation system, by reviewing and analyzing research and literature related to the 360-degree evaluation system and identifying the reality of the job performance of leaders from the point of view of school leaders, their deputies, teachers, and parents. The study followed the developmental descriptive survey method, and its population consisted of 84 principals of private schools in Jerusalem for the academic year 2021/2022, 58 deputies, and 2048 teachers. Male and female teachers and members of the Union of Parents’ Committees of Jerusalem Students numbered 123. A questionnaire was developed as a tool for the data collection, consisting of 55 items distributed over four areas: the administrative aspect, the technical aspect, the social aspect, and the technical aspect. It was distributed after verifying its validity and reliability to the study sample of 587, which consisted of principals, deputies, and members of the Parents’ Union, and a random sample of 322 male and female teachers. The functional level from the point of view of the leaders themselves was high, but from the point of view of each of the vice-principals, teachers and members of the Union of Student Parents’ Committees, it was of a medium degree, and depending on the results and after reviewing and analyzing the literature related to the 360-degree evaluation system, the researcher developed an administrative program to evaluate the job performance of the leaders of private schools in Jerusalem based on the 360-degree evaluation system. Keywords: Administrative Program, Job Performance, Private School Leaders, 360-Degree Evaluation System DOI： https://doi.org/10.35741/issn.0258-2724.58.3.26

Developing a self-funding model for private schools in Jordan

The purpose of the study was to identify the sources of self-financing in private Jordanian schools from the perspective of shareholders, the challenges that limit the increase and diversification of self-financing sources, and the actual procedural steps that school principals need to take to increase and diversify these sources in private schools. The researcher used the mixed method (quantitative and qualitative) as the general method for the study. To achieve the objectives of the study, two instruments were used to collect data. The first was a one-on-one semi-structured interview with school shareholders to explore the sources of self-financing of private schools, and the second was a five-scale questionnaire that included two axes. The first axis refers to the actual procedural steps taken by private school principals to increase and diversify sources of self-financing. The second axis was intended to capture the challenges faced by principals of these schools that limit their ability to increase and diversify these resources. The validity and reliability of the study instruments were tested. The study sample included (50) shareholders and (250) school principals in the capital city of Amman.The results of the study showed that from the shareholders’ perspective, school fees ranked first in relative importance as a source of self-financing for private schools and that the best executive measure that would lead to increased self-financing is the “Providing additional paid academic services for students (notes, question banks, photocopying, etc).” The results also showed that the biggest challenge that would limit self-financing is the “Limited purchasing power of local community members in light of emergency crises such as the Corona pandemic.” The findings also showed that school principals believe that expanding executive procedures to diversify resources would reduce the challenges they might face. The study recommended the development of a strategic plan to diversify the self-financing sources of private schools in Jordan to reduce their dependence on student fee as basic funding, as well as the development of an appropriate procedural guide to assist school principals in implementing the strategic plan.

صعوبات التعليم عن بعد أثناء جائحة كورونا التي تواجه مديري مدارس محافظة إربد من وجهة نظرهم

This study aimed at finding out the difficulties that encounter school principals in Irbid governorate schools during the period of distance learning amid the Corona pandemic from their points of view using three variables: gender of the principal, the school level, and the authority of the school. A descriptive approach, and a questionnaire were used. The questionnaire consisted of (42) paragraphs divided into five themes which are difficulties related to (i) the education platform, (ii) the official letters, (iii) the students, (iv) the teachers, and (v) the administrative difficulties. The study sample consisted of (200) principals of public and private schools in Irbid governorate. The results showed a medium degree of difficulties (i.e., mean value 3.3) for all areas of questionnaire except the difficulties related to the platform which were strong. The difficulties related to the field of "official letters" came in the second level followed by the difficulties related to "students" followed by the difficulties related to "the teacher" and, finally, those related to "the administration". The study indicated that there were statistically significant differences at the significance level (α≥0.05) depending on the gender variable in favour of females; the school level in favour of the lower basic stage, and the school authority in favour of private schools. The author concluded with a set of recommendations.

Discrimination against private-school students under a special quota for the underprivileged: a case in India

The Indian government enacted the Right to Education Act (RTE) to provide free and compulsory elementary education to all economically underprivileged children between ages 6 and 14. All schools, including private schools, are required to reserve 25% of their enrollment slots for such students, with the government shouldering their fees. While student enrollment has increased, some challenges have emerged in the schooling of RTE students. We surveyed the parents of 400 RTE students and interviewed five private-school principals. Findings showed that private schools practice discrimination against RTE students, who are susceptible to various risks. Private schools argue that for the past several years, the government has not paid the fees for these students. Based on the social equity theory of education, we suggest that the fees of underprivileged students be charged to the majority of upper- and middle-class students.