Non-profit Private Research Articles

Prevalence of Chronic Disease and Cost Effectiveness of a Free Clinic.

Free clinics are a widespread, yet limited research has examined the health status of people served and the cost effectiveness of free clinics. The purpose of this study was to describe the sociodemographic characteristics and prevalence of chronic conditions in patients seen at a free clinic and estimate the clinic's cost-effectiveness. The study was a retrospective chart review of 350 randomly selected paper medical charts (2009-2020) and 1,676 electronic medical records (2020-2022) at the Noor free clinic in California supported by private donors, non-profits, and foundations. Cost-effectiveness was calculated from annual clinic operating costs, services provided, quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) saved, and projected savings from preventing emergency department visits. Of the 350 paper charts reviewed, 336 met inclusion criteria. Patients had an average age of 46.6 years, with most identifying as female (60%), Hispanic (69%), Spanish-speaking (62%), and employed (59%). About 64% had incomes below the federal poverty line. Chronic conditions included overweight/obesity (75%), chronic pain (46%), hypertension (28%), hyperlipidemia (24%), type 2 diabetes (24%), and mood disorders (23%). A quarter of patients had at least one chronic condition, and over half had multiple conditions. The clinic's services in 2022 resulted in an estimated 146 QALYs saved, $11.5million in cost savings, and a return on investment of $13.18 per $1 invested. The free clinic provided medical care to low-income, Hispanic populations without insurance who historically have been disenfranchised from healthcare access. Cost-effectiveness analysis suggested that it provided significant health benefits and cost savings.

Domestic Support for Foreign Aid: Development Firms and Support for Foreign Aid in the US Congress

In this article, I present a theory of domestic support for foreign aid in the United States, focusing on the role played by American development firms or aid awardees in domestic politics. US Agency for International Development (USAID) delivers foreign aid to recipient countries through contracts with private for-profit development firms and non-profit organizations, most of which originate from America. This article argues that these domestic firms promote domestic support for foreign aid by creating distributional effects and disseminating information through lobbying. This information includes not only the significance of foreign aid but also its distributive benefits to legislators’ districts. Analyzing district-level USAID award data and firm-level lobby data from the 111th to the 115th Congress, I found that the district-level allocation of aid awards is positively associated with the frequency of (co)sponsorship for pro-foreign aid bills.

Attitudes of Medical Students Toward Sexual Minorities: A Multicentric Survey from the Medical Education Without Discrimination Project

ABSTRACT This study, as a part of the ’Medical Education without Discrimination (MED) Project,” focuses on investigating attitudes toward sexual minorities and demographics among Turkish medical students. In the needs assessment phase of MED Project, a survey covering demographics, sexual orientation, attitudes toward sexual minorities, and Index of Attitudes Toward Homosexuals by Hudson & Ricketts (6-point Likert) was conducted among 523 medical students of one public and two nonprofit private medical schools in Istanbul. Of the students, 4.2% declared themselves as non-heterosexual. The findings highlight that medical students are on the verge of homophobia (44th percentile). Homophobia was significantly higher among public university students, males, younger individuals, those who originated from underdeveloped settlements, those who grew up with mothers who did not graduate from university, those who considered themselves happier, and those without LGBTI+ acquaintances. Of the respondents, 14.1% do not perceive LGBTI+ people as equals within the community, and 75.7% assert that they would conceal their own LGBTI+ identity if they were part of this community. This study highlights that the need for targeted interventions in medical education in line with the global commitment to reduce inequalities and promote inclusive health care.

Medical Assistant Health Coaching for Type 2 Diabetes in Primary Care: Results From a Pragmatic Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial.

This cluster (clinic-level) randomized controlled trial (RCT) compared medical assistant (MA) health coaching (MAC) with usual care (UC) among at-risk adults with type 2 diabetes in two diverse real-world primary care environments: a federally qualified health center (FQHC; Neighborhood Healthcare) and a large nonprofit private insurance-based health system (Scripps Health). A total of 600 adults with type 2 diabetes who met one or more of the following criteria in the last 90 days were enrolled: HbA1c ≥8% and/or LDL cholesterol ≥100 mg/dL and/or systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥140 mmHg. Participants at MAC clinics received in-person and telephone self-management support from a specially trained MA health coach for 12 months. Electronic medical records were used to examine clinical outcomes in the overall sample. Behavioral and psychosocial outcomes were evaluated in a subsample (n = 300). All clinical outcomes improved significantly over 1 year in the overall sample (P < 0.001). The reduction in HbA1c was significantly greater in the MAC versus UC group (unstandardized Binteraction = -0.06; P = 0.002). A significant time by group by site interaction also showed that MAC resulted in greater improvements in LDL cholesterol than UC at Neighborhood Healthcare relative to Scripps Health (Binteraction = -1.78 vs. 1.49; P < 0.05). No other statistically significant effects were observed. This was the first large-scale pragmatic RCT supporting the real-world effectiveness of MAC for type 2 diabetes in U.S. primary care settings. Findings suggest that this team-based approach may be particularly effective in improving diabetes outcomes in FQHC settings.

Mobile Application for Managing an Automated Irrigation System

The paper presents an automated irrigation system developed for the needs of private farms and non-profit organizations in the Balkans. Specific hardware and software components are combined for its construction and efficient management. The system is undergoing trials and test implementation among selected groups of customers. For the convenience of users, with the aim of saving time and costs, as well as for continuous remote access to the system, a mobile application has been developed for monitoring work processes, climatic conditions and water supplies. The methodology for the design and implementation of the proposed system and the mobile application for its control included preliminary test studies and discussions with potential customers in need of remotely controlled irrigation systems, including difficult-to-access areas. The authors of the paper present implemented solutions in the mobile application. This paper describes the basic processes of building the system, available hardware components, software management and user interface of the mobile application.

Towards Sustainable Early Education Practices: A Quasi-Experimental Study on the Effects of Kindergarten Physical Education Programs on Fundamental Movement Skills and Self-Regulation in Haikou City, China

Acquiring fundamental movement skills (FMS) in early childhood is linked to long-term engagement in physical activity, promoting lifelong health. Concurrently, the development of self-regulation contributes to fostering socially responsible and empathetic individuals. This study aims to contribute to the sustainable development goals of Good Health and Well-being (Goal 3) and Quality Education (Goal 4) by promoting early education practices that enhance children’s physical and socio-emotional development. This quasi-experimental study, employing a pre/post-test control design, examined the influence of different kindergarten physical education programs on FMS and self-regulation. Participants from a sports-themed kindergarten, ordinary public kindergarten, and non-profit private kindergarten were equally divided into three groups. The “Hello Sunshine” (HS) group followed a ball game-based program; the ordinary physical education (OPE) group’s curriculum had multi-themed physical activities; and the free-play (FP) group as a comparison group (free play) spent their activity time freely playing. Data from a total of 239 children were analyzed, all of whom received identical assessments of fundamental movement skills and self-regulation by the Test of Gross Motor Development-3 (TGMD-3) and the head–toes–knees–shoulders (HTKS) test at baseline and after 10 weeks of the PE curriculum. There was a significant effect of grouping on TGMD-3 composite scores after controlling for the pre-test score (F(2, 235) = 65.232, p &lt; 0.001, Partial η2 = 0.357). The composite score of the HS group was clearly higher than that of the OPE (95% CI:10.72~16.45) and FP (95% CI: 4.16~9.98) groups. A significant group time effect was observed for self-regulation (F(2, 236) = 4.588, p = 0.011, Partial η2 = 0.037). After 10 weeks, the HS group displayed a more significant increase in self-regulation (14.8%) than that in the OPE (9.7%) and FP (14.6%) groups. The ball game-based program exhibited more advantages in promoting fundamental movement skills and self-regulation among the kindergarteners. Overall, this study’s findings highlight the potential benefits of kindergarten physical education programs and underscore the importance of early childhood development, emphasizing its potential to contribute to holistic child development and align with sustainability goals.

Codesign in Action: Design Principles to Successfully Manage Transformative Social Innovation

To meet grand challenges, organizations must rethink how they establish their objectives and processes in a more sustainable way. Social innovation is seen as a very promising way to respond to this call. Nevertheless, social innovation encounters difficulties in scaling and reaching its transformative power. On the basis of the theoretical framework of transition management, our article focuses on the codesign of transformative social innovation by trying to identify how actors can manage it successfully during the experimentation phase. We have conducted research based on the design science methodology to develop both concrete solutions to solve empirical problems and build strong design propositions. The results and design propositions stem from the analysis of three case studies of French social impact bonds (SIBs), which are contractual tools funding social innovation programs. SIBs are, by nature, codesign processes involving different types of stakeholders (private funders, public commissioners, and nonprofit organizations). This article provides six design principles to support the cooperation and alignment of multiple stakeholders to foster their scaling up, which is crucial for perpetuating social innovation. This research contributes theoretically to both the social innovation scaling literature and the transition management framework and offers practical guidelines to help social practitioners to codesign and manage transformative social innovations.

Key phrase extraction from patient’s chief complaints

Over the past ten years, there have been notable advancements in natural language processing (NLP) systems. The goal of the study is to extract relevant key phrases from the Marathi patient major complaints. Our data came from a single, non-profit private hospital located in a remote part of North Maharashtra Region, India. From the hospital's information around 5000 patient visits occurred between 2021 and 2022.A total of 54000 text-free chief complaints were gathered as a result of the initiatives. This paper summarizes a study that focuses on pre-processing strategies that were established in an efficient way to extract pertinent keywords from phrases in accordance with the patients' primary concerns. The methods and findings from this experiment are presented in this paper.

공공의료기관 체계에 참여하는 주체들의 역할과 참여 방법에 관한 행정법적 연구

In Korea, it is urgent to establish a sound public health care system, because total number of public hospitals is not sufficient &amp; facilities are aging. In particular, with the COVID-19 pandemic, national &amp; local government's limitation in providing public health care only through public hospitals had been revealed. Therefore, national &amp; local government &amp; various actors in society to participate in establishing a sound public health care system is necessary. In administrative law, Network Theory(Netzwerktheorie in German) is a theory that has attempted to discuss the participation of not only states(includes local governments) and private enterprises, but also more diverse social subjects such as residents in administration. Network theory(Netzwerktheorie in German) means a theory that includes “building a long-term relationship while interacting with a number of independent subjects in society for important resource exchange.&#x0D; To establish public health care system, the writer suggests the roles and methods of participation performed by each subject based on Network Theory. For this discussion, the subjects participating in establishing system of public hospitals are divided into ① states and local governments, ② private enterprises, ③ residents and general public, and ④ non-profit private organization. The roles of each subject are below: First, states and local governments plays roles in providing public health care service through public hospitals as before, and provides and maintains a place for cooperation for various subjects to participate in cooperation with the system of public hospitals that are converted to network relations. The method of participation of states and local government focuses on legislation to improve the legal system of public hospitals. Second, private enterprises are in charge of commissioning work related to facilities of public hospitals from the states and local governments. The method of participation of private enterprises focuses on the Private Finance Initiative(PFI) to ease the financial burden administered to facilities of public hospitals and to ensure that public hospitals can properly provide public health care services. Third, residents and the general public play a role in deciding jointly with the states and local governments on the establishment or operation of public hospitals. The method of participation of residents and the general public shall be discussed focusing on the residents-participation in the planning stage. Fourth, non-profit private organizations play a role in monitoring whether the establishment and operation of public hospitals are properly carried out. The method of participation of non-profit private organizations will be discussed focusing on class action.&#x0D; By clarifying the roles and methods of the subjects participating in establishing the system of public hospitals, it is expected to be able to effectively respond to the pandemic that may occur again in the future. In addition, it is expected that public hospitals can provide high-quality public health care service to the public and protect the lives and bodies of the people.

Vector-borne parasites in dogs from Ukraine translocated to Poland following Russian invasion in 2022

IntroductionSince 24 February 2022, the day the Russian aggression against Ukraine began, millions of refugees and thousands of pets crossed the Polish-Ukrainian border. Additionally, an unknown number of shelter and stray dogs and cats were rescued and translocated to Poland by private persons and non-profit organizations. The aim of the present study was to examine rescued dogs and cats for presence of canine vector-borne parasites to determine the role of armed conflict in spreading these parasites.MethodsIn July 2022 blood samples were collected from two animal shelters in central Poland hosting dogs and cats rescued from Ukraine. Animals were imported from various regions of Ukraine, including eastern and southeastern Ukraine (military conflict area). Fifty-three dogs (51 from two shelters and two owned ones) and one shelter cat were examined by molecular methods (PCR and sequencing) for the presence of Babesia/Theileria spp., Dirofilaria spp. and Hepatozoon spp. DNA.ResultsWe detected Dirofilaria immitis, a parasite species non-endemic in Poland, in two dogs translocated from Ukraine (2/53 = 3.8% [95% CI 0.5–13.0%]). One dog had a history of previous heartworm infection. High prevalence of Hepatozoon canis (51% [95% CI 36.8–64.9%]) was noted among translocated dogs. Prevalence of Dirofilaria repens in Ukrainian dogs (18.9% [95% CI 9.4–32.0%) was similar to prevalence in dogs from central Poland (12%). Co-infection of D. repens and D. immitis was found in two dogs and six dogs were co-infected by D. repens and H. canis. Hepatozoon canis infection was also identified in an imported cat.ConclusionWe confirmed that this military conflict has facilitated the spread of canine vector-borne parasites, including zoonotic species.Graphical

Are Private Prisons Intrinsically Wrong? An Analysis

Several critics have argued that private prisons are not only problematic because of their worse effects but also intrinsically wrong. This article analyzes two prominent arguments for this claim: the representation argument and the condemnation argument. The conclusion is that these arguments fail to show that there is something intrinsically wrong about private prisons. This is especially true if the arguments are extended to non-profit private prisons under social injustice contexts that states are responsible for. In such cases, non-profit private prisons might not only be on a par with public prisons but be preferable to them. However, the arguments are also insufficient to oppose every conceivable for-profit private prison.

Pengembangan Alat Ukur Kepuasan Kerja dalam Pengaturan Kerja Teleworking

Flexible work settings using connection-based and technological devices, commonly referred to as teleworking, have become increasingly prevalent since the COVID-19 pandemic. This change in work settings may affect various aspects of job satisfaction among employees, necessitating adjustments in measuring employee job satisfaction. This study aims to develop a measurement instrument for job satisfaction within the context of teleworking, knowns as the Work Engagement Scale (WES). The development of the WES measurement instrument is based on the nine dimensions of job satisfaction proposed by Spector (1985). The participants in this research were 146 workers who had been teleworking for at least one year in private companies, government institutions, state-owned enterprises, or nonprofit organizations. The result of realibility testing indicate that the WES measurement instrument, both overall and in its six dimensions, demonstrated high internal consistency. Construct validity testing shows that WES measurement instrument, both overall and in each dimension, is valid for measuring job satisfaction. Furthermore, the items in the Job Satisfaction measurement instrument, both per dimension and overall, exhibited good discrimination and were evenly distributed. Overall, the psychometric testing results of the WES measurement instrument suggest that it has the potential to effectively measure job satisfacton among employees using teleworking system.

Hip fractures after 60 years of age in France in 2005–2017: Nationwide sample of statutory-health-insurance beneficiaries

BackgroundProximal femoral factures (PFFs) constitute a heavy medical, social, and economic burden. Overall, orthopaedic conditions vary widely in France regarding the patients involved and treatments applied. For PFFs specifically, data are limited. Moreover, the ongoing expansion of geriatric orthopaedics holds promise for improving overall postoperative survival. The objectives of this retrospective study of a nationwide French database were: 1) to describe the pathway of patients with PFFs regarding access to care, healthcare institutions involved, and times to management; 2) to look for associations linking these parameters to post-operative mortality. HypothesisAcross France, variations exist in healthcare service availability and time to management for patients with PFFs. Material and methodsA retrospective analysis of data in a de-identified representative sample of statutory-health-insurance beneficiaries in France (Échantillon généraliste des bénéficiaires, EGB, containing data for 1/97 beneficiaries) was conducted. All patients older than 60 years of age who were managed for PFFs between 2005 and 2017 were included. The following data were collected for each patient: age, management method, Charlson's Comorbidity Index (CCI), home-to-hospital distance by road, and type of hospital (public, non-profit private, or for-profit private), and time to surgery were collected. The study outcomes were the incidence of PFF, mortality during the first postoperative year, changes in mortality between 2005 and 2017, and prognostic factors. ResultsIn total 8026 fractures were included. The 7561 patients had a median age of 83.8 years and a mean CCI of 4.6; both parameters increased steadily over time, by 0.18 years and 0.06 points per year, respectively (p<10−4 for both comparisons). Management was by total hip replacement in 3299 cases and internal fixation in 4262 cases; this information was not available for 465 fractures. The overall incidence increased from 90/100,000 in 2008 to 116/100,000 in 2017 (p=0.03). Of the 8026 fractures, 5865 (73.1%) were managed in public hospitals (and this proportion increased significantly over time), 1629 (20.3%) in non-profit private hospitals (decrease over time), and 264 (3.3%) in for-profit private hospitals. The home-to-hospital distance ranged from 7.5 to 38.5km and increased over time by 0.26km/year (95% confidence interval [95%CI]: 0.15–0.38) (p<10−4). Median time to surgery was 1 day [1–3 days], with no significant difference across hospital types. Mortality rates at 90 days and 1 year were 10.5% (843/8026) and 20.8% (1673/8026), respectively. Two factors were significantly associated with day-90 mortality: the CCI (hazard ratio [HR], 1.087 [95%CI: 1.07–1.10] [p<10−4]) and time to surgery>1 day (HR 1.35 [95%CI: 1.15–1.50] [p<0.0001]). Day-90 mortality decreased significantly from 2005 to 2017 (HR 0.95 [95%CI: 0.92–0.97] [p<10−4]), with no centre effect. ConclusionThe management of PFF in patients older than 60 varied widely across France. Time to surgery longer than 1 day was a major adverse prognostic factor whose effects persisted throughout the first year. This factor was present in over half the patients. Day-90 mortality decreased significantly from 2005 to 2017 despite increases in age and comorbidities. Level of evidenceIV Retrospective cohort study.

Co-Active Coping Inventory: Development and Validation for the Chilean Population.

Co-active coping is a fundamental construct in organizational and work environments as it allows for the exploration of individual and group behaviors within organizations. The aim of this study was to develop a new scale called the Co-Active Coping Inventory in the Chilean context. The sample was comprised of 1,442 workers with an average age of 30.48 years (SD = 11.13). 55% were public-sector workers, 34.5% were workers in private commercial organizations, and 10.5% belonged to non-profit private organizations. Different exploratory factor analyses were performed, and the best exploratory model was verified with a confirmatory factor analysis. In addition, multiple linear regressions were used to analyze which dimensions of co-active coping helped predict workers' burnout (emotional exhaustion, affective hardening, and personal fulfillment) and symptomatology (psychological and somatic). Based on the exploratory and confirmatory approach, the Co-Active Coping Inventory showed a good fit to a structure of five correlated factors (Reflective Action, Rash Action, Search for Spiritual Support, Search for Affective Support and Evasion), demonstrating measurement invariance in terms of sex and type of organization. The different domains of co-active coping explain between 20% (emotional exhaustion) and 41% (affective hardening) of occupational burnout and around 3-5% of workers' symptomatology, with reflective action being the most important variable. These results indicate that the new scale has suitable psychometric properties; it can assess coping strategies in the Chilean organizational context in a reliable and valid way. These coping strategies have demonstrated certain importance in relation to organizational and clinical variables.

Customers’ Intention to Use Digitalized Islamic Crowdfunding: The Case Of Bimb Sadaqa House

This study aims to investigate the factors that influence BIMB customers' intention to utilise Sadaqa House, a digitalized Islamic crowdfunding platform. This study utilised the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) as a conceptual framework with four (4) independent variables, namely attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioural control, and religiosity, and one dependent variable, namely intention to use digitalized Islamic crowdfunding. BIMB clients in Selangor were sent an online questionnaire, Google Form, via several social media platforms. There was a total of 250 respondents collected. The findings revealed that subjective norm was the most influential factor in predicting consumer intention to use Sadaqa House BIMB. This was followed by an attitude indicating that supportive ideas from others, such as families, relatives, peers, and acquaintances, can influence the respondent's choice to utilise Sadaqa House. However, perceived behavioural control and religiosity have little impact on the intention to use Sadaqa House BIMB. The results suggested that BIMB should permit all non-profit organizations, private and public sectors, and communities to contribute to this digitalized Islamic crowdfunding initiative organised by Sadaqa House BIMB. Additionally, the study suggests that more campaigns be conducted to create and promote awareness. With increased awareness, not only the individual but also the individual's circle will be influenced to utilise this digitalized Islamic crowdfunding. This study differs from previous research in that it provides a new perspective by employing TPB and introducing a new variable, religiosity.

Role of Non-Governmental Organizations as Developmental Partners in Health Care

NGOs, or non-governmental organizations, are a kind of non-profit private sector provider of the health system. Global health issues include health inequity. Inequity exists in healthcare, vaccinations, and research for developing nations. There are disparities &#x0D; in healthcare access even between nations. NGOs typically focus on underprivileged groups or specific diseases that the government sector frequently ignores. But maintaining financial stability is a significant problem for NGOs. Donors account for the majority of an NGO's funding. The availability of health care can be expanded through NGOs. By 2030, the World Health Organization hopes to have&#x0D; universal health coverage.

미등록 이주민의 의료복지 단절 사례연구

This study examines the lifestyles of migrants living as undocumented immigrants (illegal aliens) living in Gwangsan-gu, Gwangsan-gu, Gwangju Metropolitan City, and seeks to find out how oppression due to their status, psychological anxiety, and vulnerable lives affect the health of pregnant women and their fetuses. This study interviewed 30 pregnant women among undocumented immigrants who lived in Gwangsan-gu, Gwangju from January to June 2023, and summarized the state of mind of the mother, hospital expenses, and child rearing on a case-by-case basis. Pregnant women of undocumented migrants are exposed to risks of lack of medical insurance, lack of family, and forced repatriation, and the burden of medical expenses and childcare due to the absence of national health insurance existed. If local governments or non-profit private organizations continue to take an interest in undocumented immigrants and give warm glances of help, the welfare service of undocumented migrants staying in Korea will be improved and the quality of life in Korea will be improved at the present time when the number of undocumented migrants is increasing socially. I hope a solution is found.

ENABLING KNOWLEDGE SHARING BY MANAGING DEPENDENCIES AND INTEROPERABILITY BETWEEN INTERLINKED SPATIAL KNOWLEDGE GRAPHS

Abstract. Knowledge sharing is increasingly being recognized as necessary to address societal, economic, environmental, and public health challenges. This often requires collaboration between federal, local, and tribal governments along with the private sector, nonprofit organizations, and institutions of higher education. To achieve this, there needs to be a move away from data-centric to knowledge sharing architectures, such as a Geospatial Knowledge Infrastructure (GKI). Data from multiple organizations need to be properly contextualized in both space and time to support geographically based planning, decision making, cooperation and coordination. A spatial knowledge graph (SKG) is a useful paradigm for facilitating knowledge sharing and collaboration. However, interoperability between independently developed SKGs from different organizations that reference the same geographies is often not automated in a machine-readable way due to a lack of standardization. This paper outlines an architecture that automates interoperability and dependency management between SKGs as they are formally published by version and period of validity. We are calling this approach a spatial knowledge mesh (SKM), as it is a specialization of the data mesh architecture along with the concept of a common geo-registry to facilitate knowledge sharing more easily. The initial implementation, called GeoPrism Registry, is being developed as an open-source spatial knowledge infrastructure as a platform to help countries meet their NSDI and GKI objectives. It was fist funded and deployed to support ministries of health and is more recently being utilized in GeoPlatform.gov.

A “good fit”: Client sorting among nonprofit, private, and pro bono immigration attorneys

AbstractExisting scholarship finds that having an attorney in immigration legal proceedings increases the chances of a favorable outcome. This work, however, often acknowledges that the representation effect is underexplained: selection may explain outcomes, and variation among attorneys is difficult to assess. Through 103 interviews with attorneys who practice immigration law in three organizational environments (nonprofit legal services, private firms, and corporate law firm pro bono programs) in two East Coast areas, this paper argues that attorneys' sorting of clients between different types of legal organizations helps explain the representation effect. Attorneys define what type of case is a “good fit” for their representation, selecting cases they think they can help increase the probability of a favorable outcome. However, what they define as a “good fit” varies by attorneys' practice environments, and centers not only on the facts or characteristics of a client and their case, but also attorneys' organizational constraints. By documenting the central role of practice environment variation and its organizational constraints on attorneys' case selection, this paper helps explain the representation effect and its implications for increasing vulnerable immigrants' access to legal representation in the United States.

The influence of music technology on the academic behavior of preschool children with autism spectrum disorder

This study explored the effects of combining two music technology teaching approaches, holistic music educational approach for young children (HMEAYC) and multisensory musical activities (MSMAs), on children’s academic behavior performances. The venue was a nonprofit early intervention organization and private preschool. Purposive sampling was used to select six children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and six without ASD around the age of 40-63 months, and the course arrangement was a 40-minute class each week for 14 weeks. This study demonstrated that the MSMAs teaching method could improve children’s learning habits and performance without ASD. In addition, the intervention of HMEAYC teaching method can improve the academic behavior of both children with ASD, and without ASD, especially for children with ASD; it has more significant benefits on learning habits. In addition, through HMEAYC’s music therapy courses, children’s communication, emotional and social performance can also be improved.