Private Medical Institutions Research Articles

Determinants of workplace incivility and violence faced by female doctors in medical institutions.

To assess the frequency of workplace gender-based violence and incivility faced by female doctors. The analytical, cross-sectional study was conducted from June 10 to August 31, 2023, in Lahore, Pakistan, and comprised female doctors working in 1 public and 1 private medical institution in Lahore. Data was collected using a questionnaire. Workplace incivility and various demographic factors were compared. Data was analysed using SPSS 21. Of the 200 subjects, 138(69%) were from the private sector and 62(31%) were from the public sector. The majority was aged <30 years 95(47.5%). Some form of workplace violence was faced by 86(43%) doctors; psychological violence by 58(29%), verbal 56(28%), digital harassment 11(5.5%) and physical violence 2(1%). Supervisor incivility was faced by 94(47%) respondents, while 87(43.5%) faced co-worker incivility over the preceding year. Supervisor incivility was significantly higher in private institutions and those having income less than Rs100,000 per month (p<0.05). Workplace gender-based violence and incivility faced by working female doctors was found to be high. The most common forms faced were psychological and verbal violence. Supervisor incivility faced by female doctors at workplace was significantly higher in private institutions and those having monthly income less than Rs100,000.

Comparing readiness for self-directed learning in undergraduates of private and public medical colleges.

To measure the readiness for self-directed learning among medical undergraduates of private and public medical colleges, and to evaluate their performance and strategies. The cross-sectional study was conducted in Lahore, Pakistan from February to July 2023, and comprised medical undergraduate students of either gender from 1 private and 1 public academic institution. Data was collected using a prevalidated structured questionnaire having self-management, desire for learning, and self-control domains to explore self-directed learning readiness. Data was analysed using SPSS 26. Of the 330 subjects, 166(50.3%) were females and 164(49.7%) males, while 166(50.3%) were from the private institution and 164(49.7%) were from the public institution. There were 183(55.4%) students in the 3rd year, 89(27.0%) in the 4th year and 58(17.6%) in the final year of their coursework. Self-directed learning readiness was significantly higher in students from the private institution (p<0.05). There was a significant correlation between self-directed learning readiness in private and public medical education institutions, with readiness being higher in the private sector.

SEMAGLUTIDE: Weight loss, glycaemic control and safety profile in obese patients with and without type-II diabetes-An experience from Karachi, Pakistan

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess the efficacy and safety of Semaglutide (a GLP-1 receptor agonist) in obese patients with and without Type-II Diabetes Mellitus. Methods: This observational analytic cohort study was conducted in a private medical institute in Karachi Pakistan; from August 2022 to January 2023. A total of 65 obese individuals &gt;18 years of age, with or without T2D were included. Semaglutide was started with an initial dose of 0.25 mg with an increase in dose to 0.5 mg, 1 mg and 2 mg with gap of 4 weeks between each dose escalation. Patients were kept on the maximally tolerated dose, not exceeding 2 mg/week. Patients were evaluated on the first and second follow-up at 3 and 6 months respectively, for the same parameters as noted at the initial visit, along with documentation of any adverse effect. Results: Out of 65 patients, 49.2% were female and 50.8% were male. Mean age was 49.16 ± 14.20 years. 47.7% of the patients had hypertension, 46.2% had diabetes mellitus, 35.4% had dyslipidemia and 13.8% had ischemic heart disease. All patients were using 0.5 mg of semaglutide after three months, however by six months 33.8% were using 1 mg, and 24.6% were on 2 mg, whereas 40% decided to adhere to 0.5 mg and only 1.5% decided to reduce the dose to 0.25 mg due to adverse effects. Patients reported start of the first adverse effect by 3.44 ± 2.27 weeks of starting the drug. By the end of three months, 55.4% of patients in our study reported adverse effect, which declined to 34.5% by the end of six months, and the majority being mild to moderate and the most frequent side effects were gastrointestinal in origin. There was no significant difference in side effect profile in between those with and without diabetes mellitus. The average weight loss was 5.81 ± 2.64 kg and 9.86 ± 3.54 kg after three and six months respectively and the amount of weight loss was almost equal in those with and without T2D. A significant decline was observed in the average HbA1c levels, body mass index (p = &lt;0.001), systolic blood pressure (p = &lt;0.001), diastolic blood pressure (p = &lt;0.001), total cholesterol (p = &lt;0.001), high-density lipoprotein (p = &lt;0.001), low-density lipoprotein (p = &lt;0.001), triglycerides (p = &lt;0.001) and alanine transaminase levels (p = &lt;0.001). Conclusion: Semaglutide showed substantial weight, HbA1c and cholesterol reductions in those with or without type-II diabetes.

Délai d’obtention d’une première décision finale par un Comité de Protection des Personnes pour débuter une étude de recherche clinique en France : Etude rétrospective entre 2019 et 2023

IntroductionThe study reported the time (from the initial submission to the final decision) to evaluate a clinical research project by one of the 39 French national ethics committees. The times from this final decision to the first participant inclusion and study achievement (first patient inclusion to the end of the last patient's follow-up) were also reported. MethodsClinical research projects submitted between January 1st 2019 and June 30th 2023 were analyzed according to their type (research on drugs, clinical investigations, performance studies, research implying human person), and the promotor (industry, university hospital, general hospital, private medical institution, others). The times of assessment of the project by the ethic committee (from the initial submission to the final decision), of the first participant inclusion (from the approval of the project) and of study achievement (first patient inclusion to the end of the last patient's follow-up) were calculated. ResultsAmong 467 submitted clinical research projects, 424 were approved (90.8 %). The median time [Q1–Q3] to evaluate a project was 73 days [51–98] whatever the types of projects and promotors. In 307 accepted projects, the first patient inclusion occurred after 134 days [61–237] and was being waited for 347 days [306–510] in 39 other ones. In 122 projects, the time for study achievement was 446 days [230–731]. In 185 other projects, the inclusions were still in progress for 699 days [397–1098]. ConclusionIn this concerned ethic committee, a final decision was edited after a median assessment time of 73 days (with >90 % approvals), shorter than the times to include the first patient and for achieving the study.

The population satisfaction with medical care quality according National monitoring of public health in the Russian Federation

The article presents updated information concerning satisfaction of patients with quality of medical care in public and private health care institutions in Russia. The purpose of the study is to explore satisfaction with medical services in different groups of Russian population using representative sampling and considering various aspects of medical care quality. The statistical analysis on the basis of data of telephone survey "The National Monitoring of Public Health" (2022) was applied. The respondents were asked about four aspects of medical care quality: explanation of health condition and treatment, involvement into desision making concerning treatment, trust to medical workers, readiness for another visit. The most patients of public and private medical institutions were satisfied with all aspects of medical care quality. The level of satisfaction varies in different groups: it was lower in less healthy patients and patients with unmet demands in medical care. No significant differences in satisfaction of patients were established in relation to socio-demographic characteristics (except place of residence). Most patients were satisfied with two aspects of medical care quality at once. However, 1-9% and 8-14% of patients of private and public clinics were satisfied with one aspect and dissatisfied with another. Despite dominance of patient satisfaction nation-wide, behaviors in some patient groups requires more detailed study to develop measures promoting their further involvement into health care system.

STATE MANAGEMENT OF FINANCIAL PROVISION OF THE HEALTH CARE SYSTEM IN UKRAINE

The purpose of the article is to study the state and results of state management of financial support in the field of health care in Ukraine. The methodological basis of the article is dialectical methods of scientific knowledge: analysis and synthesis, critical analysis, logical abstraction, comparison, abstract-logical and statistical analysis. It pointed out the need to expand the state management of the financial support industry beyond the function of allocation of budgetary resources. It noted that the insufficiency of the budget requires the consolidation of available resources and opportunities for the proper provision of the medical industry, unification efforts of subjects of all forms of ownership, and all sources of funding. It indicated that the problems of health care budgeting in Ukraine lead to an increase in the risks of deterioration of the population's health and give grounds to predict an increase in the share of own funds in the volume of financing of the industry, which will lead to an increase in the volume of illegal payments for medical services and a deterioration in the solvency of the population. This will form the preconditions for the growth of social tension. Directions for improving the efficiency of state management of financial support are proposed. The low level of salary incentives for medical workers, in particular doctors, creates the problem of providing quality medical services. It is proposed to introduce regional structures, which should become a mechanism for regional diversification of budget funds aimed at health care, coordination of financial resources of communities and private funds, etc. The expansion of public-private partnerships is proposed, in particular, the use of comprehensive state management measures to stimulate the development of private medical institutions as a reserve for the provision of medical services in crisis conditions. Specific measures to improve the efficiency of state financial support to the industry are proposed.

The Appeal of the Adult and Elderly Population to the State Dental Clinic

The main form of providing dental care to the population remains the provision of access assistance. Its proper organization makes it possible to increase the volume and, to a certain extent, the quality of dental care to the population. The aim of the work was to determine the volume of visits of the adult and elderly population to the GBU RO «SP» in Rostov-on-Don in the period from 2021 to 2023. Materials and methods. The study was conducted on the basis of the GBU RO «Dental Clinic» in Rostov-on-Don. A retrospective analysis of patient attendance at the medical surgical and orthopedic departments of the polyclinic was conducted based on the results of annual reports of medical organizations. Results. The number of visits by the elderly population aged 60 years and above in the study period 2021–2023 is on average 26 %, the ratio of primary visits to repeated visits is on average within 1:2.7. The share of preferential visits decreased by 2.4 % compared to 2021. Conclusions. Public dental clinics are competitive with private medical institutions.

Medical Education in Bangladesh and the United States: A Comparative Overview

This manuscript presents an overview of Bangladesh medical education system with a brief comparison to the United States. Despite differences in origins and structures, both share similarities and differences in their medical curricula and examination-driven approaches. The paper employs a non-systematic comparative review methodology, gathering information from diverse sources including government websites, educational institutions, and published articles. Medical education in Bangladesh traces its roots back to the mid-20th century, initially influenced by British educational practices. The country now boasts 76 medical colleges—23 public and 53 private—admitting approximately 7,156 students annually for the MBBS degree. The admission process is competitive, with strict eligibility criteria including completion of prerequisite courses and a minimum grade-point average. The five-year MBBS program followed by a one-year clinical internship is a standard pathway in Bangladeshi medical education, with further specialization achieved through fellowship training. In terms of structure, curriculum, and training programs, the Bangladesh medical education system aligns with a lecture-based, examination-focused approach. However, research initiatives are limited due to resource constraints, impacting the quality and quantity of publications. Financially, both public and private medical institutions in Bangladesh charge similar tuition fees ranging from $33,000 to $48,000 USD for the entire MBBS degree, with limited scholarship opportunities. Upon graduation, physicians often opt for private practice, contributing to concerns about retaining qualified medical professionals within the country, particularly in rural areas. Comparatively, the United States has a longstanding history of medical education dating back over two centuries. The American system, encompassing diverse nomenclature for medical schools and varying degrees, presents differences in the application process, structure, and postgraduate training compared to Bangladesh. This comprehensive review highlights the distinctions and commonalities between the medical education systems of the United States and Bangladesh, serving as a resource for prospective students, current practitioners, and residency program directors.

Retrospective analysis of pattern of injuries and cause of death in unclaimed dead bodies brought to Mortuary of Private Medical Institute

Introduction: Establishment of identity is required both in living and dead bodies and in both civil and criminal cases. Unclaimed body is defined as dead person who had no next of kin or no relative or no authorized representative willing to make final disposition of the remains.Aims and objective: The aim of this study was to determine the pattern and distribution of injuries and to find out the cause of the death in unclaimed bodies.Material and methods: In this retrospective study all the autopsies of unclaimed body from September 2018 to August 2022 were included.Results: A total 75 unclaimed body were brought to mortuary for autopsy. Out of 75 cases, 65 (87%) were male and 10 (13 %) were female. Majority of unclaimed bodies in this study belonged to age group 40-50. Contusion on the body was most common type of external injury. Lower limb was most common body part for external injuries. Skull was most common site for fracture. Temporal and temporoparietal were most common cranial bone fractured. Mandible was most common facial bone fractured. Liver laceration was most common internal organ injured in unclaimed bodies. Subarachnoid haemorrhage was most common intracranial haemorrhage. Most common cause of death in the present study was haemorrhage and shock due to antemortem injury.Conclusions: Identification of unclaimed dead body need to be increased by police workforce. Bodies which are unclaimed should be brought to mortuary just after prompt investigation so that autopsy should be started before decomposition which may interfere with autopsy finding and even in identification of the unclaimed body. Colour photography, DNA sampling, finger printing and maintaining dental records should be done for every unclaimedbody.

THE ROLE OF PRIVATE CLINICS IN PUBLIC HEALTH CARE

In the course of reforms carried out in the years of independence in the field of health care, special attention was paid to the development of private sector activities along with state medical institutions. Strengthening all-round support for the development of the private sector in the health sector, creating the necessary conditions for private medical institutions to provide high-tech quality medical services to the population, expanding foreign investments, and attracting highly qualified specialists to the private medical sector, as well as medical tourism and to develop the export of medical services.

THE ROLE OF PRIVATE CLINICS IN PUBLIC HEALTH CARE

In the course of reforms carried out in the years of independence in the field of health care, special attention was paid to the development of private sector activities along with state medical institutions. Strengthening all-round support for the development of the private sector in the health sector, creating the necessary conditions for private medical institutions to provide high-tech quality medical services to the population, expanding foreign investments, and attracting highly qualified specialists to the private medical sector, as well as medical tourism and to develop the export of medical services.

Peculiarities of demand for medicines and assessment of the consequences of introducing co-payment in Kazakhstan

Object: In the context of the population's growing need for medical care and limited resources of the healthcare system, the issue of assessing the population's demand for medical services, especially for medicines, in both developed and developing countries becomes relevant. The study aims to determine the characteristics of the population's demand for medicines in the Republic of Kazakhstan and assess the impact of co-payment mechanisms on medicine consumption.&#x0D; Methods: To achieve this goal, we conducted a sociological survey of the population in all regions of Kazakhstan, with the participation of 1638 respondents. Questionnaire data were estimated using a logarithmic model.&#x0D; Findings: As a result of evaluating the logarithmic model, we identified the main factors influencing the demand for medicines. An individual's poor health state increases the demand for and consumption of medicines. We observed decreased demand for medicines among those individuals who assessed their health status by non-medical factors. Individuals who used the services of private medical institutions increased their demand for medicines, unlike those individuals who used the services of specialized medical institutions. A large amount of time spent traveling to medical centers is also one of the factors in increasing drug consumption. Such factors as visits to emergency medical care, the presence of chronic diseases in family members, the gender and place of residence of the individual, and a large number of children in the family influence high demand.&#x0D; Conclusions: The logarithmic model results show many factors influencing the demand for medicines; the introduction of co-payment further expands the variability of factors influencing the volume of medicine consumption by the population. Various co-payment mechanisms can both reduce consumption and encourage drug consumption.

Cross-sectional study of influenza trends and costs in Malaysia between 2016 and 2018.

While influenza circulates year-round in Malaysia, research data on its incidence is scarce. Yet, this information is vital to the improvement of public health through evidence-based policies. In this cross-sectional study, we aimed to determine the trends and financial costs of influenza. Data for the years 2016 through 2018 were gathered retrospectively from several sources. These were existing Ministry of Health (MOH) influenza sentinel sites data, two teaching hospitals, and two private medical institutions in the Klang Valley, Malaysia. Expert consensus determined the final estimates of burden for laboratory-confirmed influenza-like illness (ILI) and severe acute respiratory infection (SARI). Economic burden was estimated separately using secondary data supplemented by MOH casemix costing. Altogether, data for 11,652 cases of ILI and 5,764 cases of SARI were extracted. The influenza B subtype was found to be predominant in 2016, while influenza A was more prevalent in 2017 and 2018. The distribution timeline revealed that the highest frequency of cases occurred in March and April of all three years. The costs of influenza amounted to MYR 310.9 million over the full three-year period. The study provides valuable insights into the dynamic landscape of influenza in Malaysia. The findings reveal a consistent year-round presence of influenza with irregular seasonal peaks, including a notable influenza A epidemic in 2017 and consistent surges in influenza B incidence during March across three years. These findings underscore the significance of continuous monitoring influenza subtypes for informed healthcare strategies as well as advocate for the integration of influenza vaccination into Malaysia's national immunization program, enhancing overall pandemic preparedness.

Digitalization Of Document Management System In Medical Organizations: Theoretical Aspect

Introduction. Modern medical organizations, multifunctional medical centers, public and private medical institutions actively use digital technologies such as document management systems to optimize internal business processes and increase the efficiency. Proper document management and easy access improve the workflow. Thus, integration and development of advanced digital products allow medical organizations to ensure efficient time management which, in turn, reduces costs and saves time.&#x0D; The purpose of the study was to present theoretical aspects of digitalization of document management system in medical organizations as a modern organizational and managerial process that ensures the effectiveness of healthcare development. &#x0D; Materials and methods. Content analysis of scientific literature on the development and implementation of document management systems, transfer of documents to electronic version, introduction of digital technologies upon the specifics of medical organizations was used.&#x0D; Results. The study showed that document management systems currently run up document-based information lifecycle management. Their active implementation began in the 2000s, and it is expected that the market volume of document management systems will grow from 6.57 billion US dollars in 2023 to 12.94 billion US dollars by 2028, on average by 14.50% during the forecast period (2023-2028). Significant amounts of health data are collected manually using various internal IT-systems and numerous collections of documents, databases and forms. The introduction of document management systems allows healthcare actors to create electronic patient records, thereby minimizing the risk of documentation loss and increasing security. It is assumed that in the near future all the system will be based on digital solutions aimed at solving routine tasks such as document management, storage and use. These trends provide solutions to the problems that medical organizations may face and ensure effective strategies based on the digitalization of document management systems.

Data and Evidence of Real Clinical Practice: A Comparative Legal Study

The development of technologies collecting and processing large amounts of data for medical purposes, as well as the development of digital tools and the growth of medical information collected by both private and public medical institutions, determine the scientific interest in the problems discussed in this paper. One of the effective tools for collecting such data is data from real clinical practice and evidence of real clinical practice, which make it possible to collect information about the individuals’ health status, safety and effectiveness of medicines and medical devices, as well as other data. At the same time, the conceptual and categorical apparatus necessary for the formation and implementation of regulatory policy in this area started its development relatively recently. An analysis of Russian and foreign legislation and the practice of their application allows us to conclude that this element of sectoral legal regulation is in the initial stage of its formation and is characterized by the use of inconsistent terminology and different approaches to understanding the source and subject matter of such data.

Healthcare professionals’ understanding and perception of drug-related issues linked to off-label pharmacological medications used for COVID-19

ABSTRACT Background To evaluate the opinions of healthcare workers regarding drug therapy problems linked to anti-infective medicines used for the treatment of COVID-19 infection in Pakistan. Research methodology This cross-sectional study was conducted from January to October 2022 using a self-administered questionnaire developed by the authors, having three sections: demographics, knowledge, and perception. The study was validated by research experts and pilot-tested on 30 subjects. The study included medical doctors, nurses, pharmacists from Punjab’s government and private medical institutes. Results In this study, 382 of 400 participants replied. The mean knowledge score was 9.52 (SD 2.97), showing that participants had adequate knowledge of COVID-19 pharmacological interventions. The knowledge scores were significantly higher of those who treated COVID-19 patients and were from Lahore. Many doctors considered that elderly patients and those with blood disorders were at greater risk of experiencing drug-related problems. Most pharmacists support electronic prescription systems. Many doctors thought the lack of unified treatment guidelines, multiple prescribers, and self-medication were key obstacles in managing COVID-19 patients. Conclusion Most respondents had adequate knowledge. Older patients with comorbidities are at risk of adverse effects. Self-medication, polypharmacy, and multiple prescriptions can lead to misdiagnosis and complications. Electric prescriptions, team effort, and training programs can decrease these issues.

Performance Services for COVID-19 with Private Medical College Hospitals

Corona is a pandemic disease to spread in the human body as a wide-reaching in the history of unwanted world. Yet Medical higher authorities are facing the undesirable spreading causes of this disease as a vital global issue to the present and rationalized generations. Everyone worries of its augmentation around the world and someone suffers from this disease but none can invent effective measures till date as per recovery system. The study aims to assess the management performance services of COVID-19 at North East Medical College and Hospital (NEMCH), as a private medical institution in Sylhet, Bangladesh. Quantitative and qualitative patients&amp;#39; data were obtained from hospital health information centre and secondary data were collected from diverse sources. Key health information instruments of COVID-19 patients and their sustained living status challenges in risks with health rights are highlighted. The research focuses the 41-60 aged group is 42.2%, which is the highest admitted patients and the ratio of male and female is 2:1.13. The study represents the 69.26% of suspected, 30.74% positive and 16.79% death, out of 911 admitted patients from June to August 2020. These findings reflect the health security that the physicians provide. Scientific healthcare knowledge is essential for corona treatment with clinical supports and modern technology but such knowledge is below par. The research suggests future research trajectories of a new alternative treatment options to stimulate the management performance on the priority of National Health Policy and Sustainable Development Goals 2030.

PROVISION OF HEALTH SERVICES TO THE POPULATION AND DEMOGRAPHIC DEVELOPMENT: THE CASE OF AZERBAIJAN

The purpose of the research – the study aims to evaluate the progress made in Azerbaijan's healthcare system, considering recent developments. This includes assessing their impact on life expectancy at birth, a crucial indicator of population reproduction. Additionally, the research seeks to identify potential avenues for future development in light of existing challenges. The methodology of the research – descriptive analysis and comparative analysis methods were used in the research. The practical importance of the research - deeply understanding the current state of the healthcare sector is crucial for successfully implementing the activities outlined in the demographic development concept, which aims to improve the population's quality of life. This research lays the groundwork for future analyses that will utilize econometric models to explore the intricate relationship between health and demographic indicators. The results of the research - recent reforms in Azerbaijan's healthcare system have broadened access to medical services for the population, leading to a notable increase in life expectancy. Notably, the establishment of the Institute of Family Physicians and the enhanced collaboration between public and private medical institutions have played a crucial role in tackling key challenges. These include addressing regional disparities in healthcare deve­lopment indicators and increasing the share of healthcare expenditures within the national GDP. The originality and scientific novelty of the research - the processes in the healthcare system were analyzed comprehensively, linking them to demographic indicators. This descriptive analysis revealed positive trends in the field of medicine, accompanied by an increase in life expectancy.

Depression in Medical Academia: A Study on Prevalence and Risk Factors among Undergraduate Students in Jammu, India

Background and Aim Medical students endure elevated stress levels. Contemporary data on the epidemiology of depression and its concomitant risk factors in this demographic is pivotal in comprehending its ubiquity and for instituting preventative strategies. This research endeavors to scrutinize the prevalence of depression in undergraduate medical students and identify the diverse risk factors implicated.Methods In February 2023 a cross-sectional investigation was undertaken at a private medical institution in North India. A cohort of 302 medical students underwent depression screening and evaluation of related factors through the utilization of the 9-Item-Patient Health Questionnaire PHQ-9.Results A substantial proportion 71.2 215302 exhibited varying degrees of depression. The PHQ-9 responses facilitated the categorization of students into distinct severity brackets 28.8 mild 19.9 moderate 11.6 moderately severe and 10.9 severe depression. Implementing a PHQ-9 score threshold of ge10 delineated an overarching depression prevalence of 42.38. Univariate logistic regression identified numerous significant correlates of depressive symptoms including urban habitation having a limited number of siblings engaging in moderate physical activity and enrollment in specific professional academic years. Nevertheless multivariable logistic regression affirmed only urban dwelling and the academic duress experienced in the first third or fourth professional years as persistent significant correlates.Conclusion The study unveiled a high prevalence 42.38 of moderate to severe depression among medical students advocating for meticulous surveillance and further assessment of the affected individuals. It is imperative to devise and implement robust strategies to mitigate academic stressors and forestall the descent into depressive states.

Change in paradigm of medical undergraduate teaching due to COVID-19 pandemic students’ perspective: A cross-sectional survey

Abstract: Introduction: The use of competency-based, integrated teaching and self-directed learning has brought about substantial changes in the field of medical education in recent years. However, the COVID-19 epidemic suddenly changed the game, requiring an immediate switch to online instruction. Aim: This study examines undergraduate medical students’ experiences in a private medical institution during the COVID-19 epidemic by contrasting traditional in-person instruction with recently implemented online learning techniques. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional web-based survey was conducted among students belonging to medical fraternity. Response rate of 97.2% of the students took part. We looked at learning outcomes, motivation, interaction, and attentiveness as well as demographics, device and Internet connection choices, and the effects of online and offline learning environments. Results: We found that students significantly prefer traditional in-person instruction, with lecture halls being preferred over online learning environments. Issues with motivation, focus, and the capacity to learn efficiently in an online setting are among the difficulties noted. According to the report, some students support hybrid learning, even if the majority still prefers offline instruction. The results highlight the need for a sophisticated strategy that integrates the best aspects of online and traditional teaching methods into a “blended learning” model. Conclusion: This study emphasizes the significance of responding student input to improve the quality of medical education, which provides insightful information for improving instructional practices in the post-COVID-19 age.