Private Girls Research Articles

A study on prevalence and risk factors of depression among adolescent girls studying in government and private schools-A comparative study.

The prevalence of depression among school-going adolescent girls in India is about 40%. Adolescent girls attending private and government-run schools in South India have vastly different sociodemographic backgrounds and school environments. Assessing the associated risk factors for depression will help in designing appropriate preventive strategies. To evaluate the prevalence of depression among school-going adolescent girls and the associated risk factors among government and private school students. The cross-sectional comparative study was conducted in two private and two government-run schools in Tamil Nadu. A semi-structured questionnaire and 11-item Kutcher Adolescent Depression Scale were administered to female students belonging to grades eight, nine, and ten. Differences in the prevalence of depression and the familial, social, and behavioral risk factors between private and government school students were measured and analyzed. The prevalence of depression among our study population is 23.8%. An adolescent girl studying in a private school has a 4.67 times higher chance of being depressed as compared to her counterpart in a government school. Stress due to higher academic expectations, peer pressure, disagreement with friends, excess smartphone usage, and family discord are associated factors in private school students, and family discord and chronic illness among family members were associated risk factors for depression in government school students. There is a wide disparity in the prevalence of depression and associated factors among private and government school-going adolescent girls. The intervention program for depression has to be addressed differently according to the type of school.

Investigating the Effectiveness of Emotional Self-Regulation Skills on Students' Cognitive Flexibility and Working Memory

Objective: The current study was carried out to investigate the effectiveness of emotional self-regulation skill training on cognitive flexibility and working memory. Methods and Materials: The research was conducted using a quasi-experimental method with pre-test, post-test, and follow-up design with a control group. The statistical population of the study consisted of all ninth-grade students in Jajarm city in the academic year of 2021-2022 who were studying in public and private girls and boys' schools, as well as state-sponsored, exemplary, and talented ones. Out of which, 60 participants were selected using cluster sampling and randomly assigned to two equal groups of 30 participants (an experimental group and a control group). To collect data, two questionnaires, the Daneman and Carpenter (1980) working memory test and the cognitive flexibility questionnaire by Dennis and Vanderwal (2010), were used. Multivariate covariance analysis tests and SPSS software were used for data analysis. Findings: The results indicated that emotional self-regulation skill training had a significant effect on the cognitive flexibility and the working memory of experimental group subjects (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Therefore, training in emotional self-regulation skills has a significant impact on students' cognitive flexibility.

Formation and Development of Female Primary Education in the Province (On the Example of Pyatigorsk Private Girls’ School of A.O. Smirnova) from the 60’s of the XIX<sup>th</sup> Century to the Early XX<sup>th</sup> Century

Formation and Development of Female Primary Education in the Province (On the Example of Pyatigorsk Private Girls’ School of A.O. Smirnova) from the 60’s of the XIX<sup>th</sup> Century to the Early XX<sup>th</sup> Century

Women and Marriage: Hazel Ellis' Gate Theatre Plays of the 1930s in Context

This essay considers two unpublished plays written by Hazel Ellis in the 1930s and produced by the Gate Theatre, Dublin, where Ellis had started out as an actor. While the two plays appear to have little in common, the substance of each echoes the public debate in Ireland at the time regarding marriage, divorce, and women in the workplace. These were the years leading up to the adoption of the 1937 Constitution, which sanctified the nuclear family and the central role of the wife and mother within it as the moral cornerstone of society. In both plays the female characters struggle to make meaningful choices within a restrictive, patriarchal environment. Portrait in Marble (1936) is a historical biographical drama dealing with Lord Byron’s turbulent relationships with two very different women: his lover, the outrageous (and married) Lady Caroline Lamb, and his wife, the intellectual and prudent Annabella Milbanke, who eventually chooses to separate from her husband. Women without Men (1938) features an all-female cast and is set in the teachers’ sitting room of a private girls’ boarding school modelled on the French School in Bray, Co. Wicklow, which Ellis had attended. It focusses on the anxieties, obsessions and grievances of the school’s teachers, all of whom are unmarried. This essay considers Ellis’ plays in the context of contemporary newspaper reporting about the low marriage rate in Ireland, legislation curtailing the right of married women to work in certain positions (the ‘marriage bar’), and the clerical and legal debate concerning divorce.
 
 Keywords: Hazel Ellis, Gate Theatre Dublin, Irish theatre, women, marriage, divorce, marriage bar.

The Effects of Vertical vs. Horizontal plyometric Training on Sprinting Kinetics in Post Peak Height Female Student Athletes

Plyometric training is a form of jump training that is a useful method to improve sprinting speed due to its propensity to improve neural efficiency, increase joint stiffness and contraction speed. While research has shown that plyometrics can improve jumping and sprinting performance, no studies have compared the effects of different types of plyometric training on sprinting speed in young females. Therefore, the aim of the study was to compare different forms of plyometric training (horizontal and vertical) on sprinting performance in young females. Thirty young females from a private girls college were randomly divided into two groups and trained for seven weeks, twice a week; vertical plyometric (n=11, age 13.50 ± 0.96, peak heigh velocity-PHV: 1.60 ± 1.14), horizontal plyometric training (n=10, 13.40 ± 0.92, PHV:1.60 ± 0.93), and a physical education class as a control (n=15, age, 15.60 ± 0.31, PHV: 2.90 ± 0.55). Participants were tested for sprinting kinetics i.e. force (Fo), maximum power (Pmax), theoretical velocity (Vo), maximal velocity (Vmax), 10, 20 and 30 m split times using a radar gun over 30 m, isometric strength, vertical jump height and horizontal jump distance before and after the intervention. Both the intervention groups significantly improved all performance variables (g= 0.32- 1.30; p<0.05). The vertical group improved all kinetic variables except Fo and Pmax whereas the horizontal group improved all kinetic variables with a greater effect size g= 0.40-1.30. In comparison to the control group, the vertical group significantly improved Vo, Vmax, vertical and broad jump scores whereas the horizontal group significantly improved broad jump and 20 m split time scores (p<0.05). The findings of this study suggest that horizontal plyometric training is more effective in improving sprinting kinetics.

Private girls’ Schools in Modern Korea (1876-1945): Cho Dong-sik, women’s education and changing conceptions of the ‘Wise Mother, Good Wife’

ABSTRACT This article discusses women’s education in Modern Korea (1876–1945) by focusing on Cho Dong-Sik (趙東植, 1887–1969), the founder of Tongwŏn Girls’ School (Tongwŏnŭisuk, 東媛義塾) in 1908. When this school merged with Tongdŏk Girls’ School (Tongdŏkyŏhakgyo, 同德女學校) in the following year, he took over the latter’s management and devoted himself to women’s education until his death. Cho Dong-Sik devoted his life to women’s education with a firm belief in education and striving to do what he believed to be the best of his capacity. His concept of women’s education reflected the concept of innate gender equality rather than the gendered hierarchal view of Confucianism in the traditional era. His early ideas on women’s education reflected a Confucian notion of ‘Wise Mother, Good Wife’, but they gradually evolved into a more nationalistic version of the idea.

Empowering Pakistani Woman: Impact of Education, Technology and Training Skills Development

Purpose: It is known fact that Currently Pakistani woman are facing several problems e.g., domestic violence, gender dominancy, gender discrimination and unequal distribution of power, rights and work, due the inadequacy of education. In this contemporary era of gender inequality woman empowerment is an essential area of study to be focused on. This study, therefore, aims to investigate the impact of education, technology and Skills development adopted for empowerment of women.
 Design/Methodology/Approach: Data was collected from private and government girls’ colleges of Hyderabad district Sindh. A survey technique was used to collect data using convenience non random sampling technique. Smart PLS responses analyzed with the sample size of 1184.
 Findings: Results of Structural equation modeling through Smart PLS supported the structural model. It was found that appropriate educational facilities, technology facilitation and training and skills development positively related to Pakistani woman empowerment.
 Implications/Originality/Value:
 Education is the milestone in empowering woman and the main factor in woman’s prosperity and development. In this scenario, education is a turning point in playing vital role in empowering woman because it enables the woman to face the challenges of contemporary time and make a significant change in their traditional roles and in their lives. Academician, policy makers and leaders of organizations must note this fact.

Anna Egorovna Dokuchaeva – the first Russian woman soil scientist

In 2021 we celebrate the 175th anniversary of the birth of the founder of Soil Science – Vasiliy Vasilievich Dokuchaev, and his wife and colleague – Anna Egorovna Dokuchaeva (Sinclair). V.V. Dokuchaev personally highly appreciated the outstanding role of Anna Egorovna in the formation of the Russian school of soil scientists, calling her the first Russian woman soil scientist. The article is devoted to the life of A.E. Dokuchaeva and based on the analysis of a few archival materials and literature. He emphasized its importance not only in his own life and scientific work, but also noted its influence on the formation of young soil scientists. By the moment of the meeting with V.V. Dokuchaev, Anna Egorovna was an educated and financially independent woman, had teaching experience and was the head of a private girls’ school, that belonged to her, and led an active social life. A successful, active, but at the same time the fragile young woman, being the head of educational institution, became for her husband not just a loving and beloved wife, but also a loyal companion and assistant, in whom he always found understanding and encouragement, his reliable support. Anna Egorovna helped her husband with translations with scientific articles, participated with him in the preparation and work of the VIII Congress of Russian Naturalists and Doctors, traveled with Vasiliy Vasilievich on expeditions, and processed the materials collected. This is only a small part of what Anna Egorovna did in Soil Science and of what we know today from documents and memoirs, most likely her scientific activity was much wider. In the Dokuchaevs’ house, there was a close connection between the family and Anna Egorovna’s scientific activities, which only people close to the family, friends, and students of Vasiliy Vasilievich knew about, but for most people Anna Egorovna was not a scientist.

Making the Best of It: Women and Girls of Canada and Newfoundland during the Second World War ed. by Sarah Glassford and Amy Shaw

Reviewed by: Making the Best of It: Women and Girls of Canada and Newfoundland during the Second World War ed. by Sarah Glassford and Amy Shaw Charlotte Bennett Making the Best of It: Women and Girls of Canada and Newfoundland during the Second World War. Edited by Sarah Glassford and Amy Shaw. Vancouver: UBC Press, 2020. xii + 293 pp. Cloth $89.95, paper $35.95. Making the Best of It: Women and Girls of Canada and Newfoundland during the Second World War is a fitting sequel to Sarah Glassford and Amy Shaw's equally impressive edited collection on the First World War (A Sisterhood of Suffering and Service, UBC Press, 2012). Here, Glassford and Shaw aim "to do justice to the diversity in the female populations of Canada and Newfoundland," bringing [End Page 474] together essays by twelve historians who have used a "granular approach" to explore specific wartime communities and/or facets of collective experience (5). These contributions are grouped into four sections prefaced by brief introductions that signal common themes. Essays in "Part 1: Women, Children, and the War" emphasize the importance of age in shaping girls' identities and experiences (Barbara Lorenzkowski; Claire L. Halstead; Lisa Moore) as well as how conceptions of childhood determined the support available for working mothers (Lisa Pasolli). In "Part 2: Women and the War at Home," essays highlight how religion, class, and race contributed to gendered tensions inherent within Jewish women's work activities (Jennifer Shaw) and wider consumer culture (Graham Broad; Joseph Tohill). In "Part 3: Women and Overseas Humanitarian Work," Marlene Epp and Sarah Glassford reveal the practical and emotional difficulties faced by Mennonite relief workers and Red Cross workers who traveled to Europe. Finally, "Part 4: Women in Wartime Nursing, Paid War Work, and the Armed Forces" illuminates nursing experiences in northern Newfoundland and Labrador (Heidi Coombs), portrayals of female military dead (Sarah Hogenbirk), and perceptions of beauty and the female body in industrial workplaces (Sarah Van Vugt). Glassford and Shaw more than deliver on their aspirations for Making the Best of It, "mov[ing] the historiographical conversation into new territory, while also drawing attention to the many topics that await scholarly study" (17). This collection brings new research questions and analytical frameworks to the fore, transcending simple assessments as to whether the war was "good" or "bad" for women and/or liberated them in some way. Historians of children and youth will be particularly enthused to see girlhood treated as a "distinct subset of female experience," especially scholars of regions that have not yet witnessed the same "steady growth in the children's history subfield" apparent in North America (16). Lorenzkowski's chapter on emotional geographies and practices of feeling in Atlantic Canada "render[s] legible a history written in invisible ink," using recent insights from the history of emotions to scrutinize the oral histories of women who grew up in wartime Halifax and Saint John (36). Halstead meticulously situates the experiences of British evacuees within their transnational imperial context, uncovering personal ties of friendship that emerged between these "didactic symbols of the war" and their Canadian hosts (59). Moore applies a comparative framework to records from three private girls' schools in Montreal, illuminating divergences in francophone and anglophone expressions of agency and civic identity. These child-centered explorations of female experience greatly enrich the collection as a whole, substantiating the inclusion of "girls" as a key subject in its subtitle. [End Page 475] Due to its remarkable breadth and depth, Making the Best of It will likely become a core reference book for undergraduates and researchers studying Second-World-War Canada and Newfoundland. That said, it is unlikely to have the final word on the subject, a state of affairs refreshingly recognized by the editors themselves (17). Making the Best of It was limited by the responses received to a call for papers; few submissions explored francophone experiences in Quebec, only one related to Newfoundland, and none explicitly addressed Indigenous women. Glassford and Shaw also confirm up front that members of only a limited number of ethnic and religious minorities appear in the volume, presumably for similar reasons. It is hoped that Making the Best of It...

Effect of Teaching Reading Strategies on the Students’ Reading Comprehension

Reading is an important tool for getting access to information which provides a base to the learning process. Comprehension is a basic pre-requisite for reading to be meaningful. Various reading strategies have been associated with better reading comprehension. The current experimental study conducted in the Pakistani context explored the effect of teaching reading strategies on reading comprehension of students in the subject of English at the higher secondary school level. The experimental pretest-posttest equivalent research design was adopted to conduct the study. The sample consisted of 60 higher secondary school students of a private girls college in Mansehra, Pakistan. Findings indicate that teaching reading strategies have a positive impact on the reading comprehension of students at the higher secondary level. The study has important implications for teachers, students, curriculum planners, policymakers in the field of education and school leaders.

A study of moral reasoning among secondary students in a public co-educational and private girls school in Mexico

ABSTRACT Proponents of character education claim cultivating virtues during schooling helps students, schools and society flourish but critics argue character education programs implicitly justify social inequality by assuming success or failure in life is due to individual character. There is little empirical research about which individual factors, such as gender, or contextual factors, such as school type, may affect secondary school students’ character. This article begins to address this with a comparative case study of moral reasoning within and between two different secondary schools in Mexico – a public co-educational school and a private girls’ school. Results suggest individual differences (gender, religion, family circumstances and socio-economic status) and school (moral education program and school ethos) may relate to students’ ability to make moral judgements in response to realistic moral dilemmas. We consider these findings, focusing on how gender, religion and school-type may impact on adolescents’ moral reasoning.

Obrazovanje učiteljica u slovenskim i hrvatskim zemljama Austro-Ugarske Monarhije – komparativna analiza

Rad daje uvid u obrazovanje osnovnoškolskih učiteljica u slovenskim i hrvatskim zemljama Austro-Ugarske Monarhije preko zakonodavstva i organizacije ženskih učiteljskih škola. Istraživanje se sastoji od povijesne komparativne analize razdoblja između 1867. i 1914. godine. Pojavom Dvojne Monarhije dolazi do promjena u obrazovanju učiteljica. One se mogu najprije identificirati na temelju školskoga zakonodavstva. Učiteljice postaju državne službenice. Javljaju se nove državne ženske učiteljske škole, ali i one privatne s pravom javnosti. Analiza zakonodavstva pokazala je razlike između nastavnih planova u učiteljskim školama u slovenskim i hrvatskim zemljama unutar Monarhije. Komparacija njihovih aktivnosti također pokazuje razlike u razvoju, broju i organizaciji. U slovenskim zemljama, koje potpadaju pod austrijsko školsko zakonodavstvo, razvitak četverogodišnjih škola za učiteljice tekao je nešto brže nego u hrvatskim zemljama. Usporedba pokazuje da u slovenskim i hrvatskim zemljama dominiraju privatne škole za učiteljice.

A comparative study of knowledge and practice regarding menstrual hygiene among private and government schools of Jaipur city

Background: Menstruation is a normal physiological process to the females but sometimes it is considered as unclean phenomenon in the society. Hence this community based study was carried out with the objective to assess the difference in level of knowledge and practice regarding menstrual hygiene among school going adolescent girls of government and private school.Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from July 2017 to April 2018 to find out the difference in prevailing knowledge and practices regarding menstrual hygiene between private and government school going adolescent girls of Jaipur city. Data were collected by the predesigned and pretested structured questionnaire.Results: 87.57% girls from private schools were aware of menstruation prior to attainment of menarche. The difference in knowledge regarding menstruation in students of private and government school was significant. More than three fourth of the participants (76.95%) were from private school use sanitary pad.Conclusions: Knowledge and practice regarding menstruation was better in private school girls as compared to those of government school. Significantly more number of girls in the private schools was using sanitary pads as compared to government school girls.

Menstrual Hygiene: Practice and Challenges Among Adolescent girls of a Private School of Urban Nepal

Background: Menstrual health hygiene management (MHM) is the basic right of every female. In developing countries like Nepal, this right is less understood or utilized. Parental and family influences and hence the societal influences plays vital role in behavioral change. In urban sector, the girls studying in the private schools are mostly from privileged background. So there is a need to observe the pattern of practices among private school girls which reflects the scenarios in privileged urban sector.
 Aims and Objectives: This study is to explore the practices and challenges for menstrual health hygiene management among adolescent girls of a Private school in Urban Nepal.
 Material and Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in a private school selected purposely in the month of April and May 2019. Girls from grade seven and above were included in the study.
 Results: All the girls were aware about the process of menstruation. The practices and believes were influenced by their family and facilities provided to them rather knowledge gained at school. All the participants prefer to use disposal pads and 6.3% of participants reported that they use both pads and reusable cloths. Most girls did not change the pads at school (56.2%). All the participants reported that they were hesitant to take help from teachers due to awkwardness.
 Conclusions: Practices of the individuals is influenced by family beliefs. Again, adolescents spend many hours daily in schools. So strict measures to implement facility in schools for MHM should be taken.

A Comparative Study of Menstrual Hygiene Issues between Public and Private School Going Adolescent Girls in Kathmandu Valley

Introduction: Menstruation is part a of the female reproductive cycle that starts when girls become sexually mature at the time of puberty. During menstrual period, woman bleeds from her uterus via the vagina. Menstruation is generally considered as unclean in our Nepali society. So, good hygienic practices such as the use of sanitary pads and adequate cleaning of the genital areas are essential during menstrual period.
 Material and methods: The comparative study was carried out with adolescent girls studying in public and private schools in Kathmandu valley. A total of 100 adolescent girls, 50 from public school and another 50 from private schools were selected for the study and 25 from each group were taken for quantitative study as well. Two focus group discussions and five key-in-depth interviews were also done to identify the qualitative findings. Ethical approval was taken from NHRC. Quantitative data from the survey was analyzed using SPSS 16.0 software.
 Results: The age of the respondents ranges from 11 to 18 years. The mean age at menarche was 12.37 years in both public and private school adolescent girls. There is a statistically significant difference on the overall score of practice during menstruation between public and private school going adolescent girls.
 Conclusion: Private school adolescent girls were more knowledgeable and maintain menstrual hygiene better as compared to public school adolescent girls.

A comparative study of age of menarche in private and government school-going girls

Background: The menarche is known to assess the integrity of a woman’s circuitry from brain to ovary to the uterus and its timing is determined by multiple factors, one of which is attainment of a particular waist-to-hip (W/H) ratio, suggesting that leptin conveys information about the fat distribution to hypothalamus to initiate the process of menarche. Aims and Objectives: This study aims to assess the mean age of menarche in this region (AOM) and to find if there is any difference between the AOM of government and private school-going girls and to find the relationship between AOM and various anthropometric measurements. Materials and Methods: A total of 250 randomly selected adolescent girls were asked to fill a pretested pre-structured questionnaire regarding anthropometric measurements, sociodemographic profile, and menstrual history. Results: The mean AOM was found to be 12.94 ± 0.74 years and the difference between the AOM of government and private schools is highly significant (P < 0.001) and W/H ratio is the single best predictor of the AOM. Conclusion: As childhood obesity and mental stress are on a rise worldwide, both these puberty accelerators are producing a new generation of girls who are sexually mature at a very tender age and this pubertal maturity should be matched by social maturity.

AWARENESS AND ATTITUDE OF PARENTS ABOUT FEMALE PARTICIPATION IN SPORTS

Aim: The present study spotlight on psychosocial factors that play vital role in influencing Participation and lack of participate of females in sports. The study discusses various difficulties of women’s participation in sports. Methodology: A self administered questionnaire was used as a tool to study. 200 subjects who were selected randomly for study purpose both government and private girls degree colleges Hyderabad. The filled questionnaire was collected and evaluated to examine the parent’s attitude towards girl’s participation in sports. Statistical analysis through Percentile and Frequency methods were done to find the parent’s attitude towards Female’s Participation in sports. The observations of the study shows that bulk of the parents acquire encouraging attitude towards female participation in sports. Despite this several psycho-cultural restraints hinders parents in showing the encouraging attitude.

Investigating a foodborne illness outbreak at a private girls' school in Mashonaland East Province, Zimbabwe, 2015.

Globally, it is estimated that foodborne-associated illness accounts for 2.2 million deaths. This is caused by contamination of food with toxins, parasites, bacteria or viruses that can lead to increased levels of morbidity and mortality. Although steps to conducting an outbreak investigation have been outlined in most epidemiology textbooks, identifying the causative agent for a foodborne illness outbreak can be complex based on the setting. In view of that, this case study was developed based on a foodborne illness outbreak at agirls’ boarding school to model the steps of an investigation. This case study will reinforce skills and theoretical knowledge attained by public health trainees, to be able to build competences in foodborne outbreak investigation. The target audiences are intermediate and advanced public health trainees. Estimated time of facilitation is 3 hours with a class size of 10- 20 students.

Do Emotions after Receiving Test Results Predict Review Activities? An Intra‐Individual Analysis

AbstractIn the present study, we examined intra‐individual relations among emotions when receiving test results and subsequent test review activities, and the direct and moderating effects of perceptions of test value. The participants, 90 first‐year students at a private girls' secondary school, self‐reported their present emotional state immediately after receiving their test results and their test review activities 1 week after the tests were returned. The same survey was conducted on four occasions. Results of multilevel analyses indicated that emotions experienced when receiving test results did not predict subsequent learning behavior. The results also showed that relations among emotions and review activities differed across students. Although we investigated whether such individual differences in relations might be attributed to perceptions of test value, no moderating effect could be observed. Furthermore, improvement‐oriented test mindsets were found to be positive predictors of review activities by investigating the direct effect of perceptions of test value. These findings suggest that modifying students' perceptions of test value may promote appropriate learning behavior.

Variability in neurocognitive performance: Age, gender, and school-related differences in children and from ages 6 to 12

ABSTRACTCognitive development in children presents peculiarities according to groups of age, gender, and type of school. Few studies have been investigating the effects of all these factors. The aim of this study was to investigate the main effects and the interactions of age, gender, and type of school in 419 children from ages 6 to 12 years old evaluated by the Child Brief Neuropsychological Assessment Battery (NEUPSILIN-Inf). Older children, children in private schools and girls presented better results. Interactions between all three independent variables were observed in different cognitive domains. The results highlight both the heterogeneity and the influence of multiple factors in children’s neuropsychological development.