Privacy Key Management Research Articles

A secure blockchain framework for healthcare records management systems

AbstractElectronic health records are one of the essential components of health organizations. In recent years, there have been increased concerns about privacy and reputation regarding the storage and use of patient information. In this regard, the information provided as a part of medical and health insurance, for instance, can be viewed as proof of social insurance and governance. Several problems in the past few decades regarding medical information management have threatened patient information privacy. In intelligent healthcare applications, the privacy of patients' data is one of the main concerns. As a result, blockchain is a severe necessity as it can enhance transparency and security in medical applications. Accordingly, this paper uses the design science method to propose a secure blockchain framework for healthcare records management systems. The proposed framework comprises five components: a blockchain network, smart contracts, privacy key management, data encryption, and integration with healthcare information technology. In the proposed framework, healthcare organizations can manage healthcare information securely and privately. Additionally, a secure storage system for electronic records is proposed to meet these organizations' needs. It provides security and privacy for healthcare organizations, especially when managing healthcare information, and also proposes a secure storage system for electronic records to meet the needs of the organizations.

A modified PKM environment for the security enhancement of IEEE 802.16e

IEEE 802.16 standard developed Privacy Key Management (PKM) security protocol for WiMAX. However, it still suffers from various attacks such as forgery attack, replay attack, Denial of Service (DoS) attack and eavesdropping attack. To mitigate these attacks, a modified PKM environment has been developed for the security enhancement of IEEE 802.16e. This system integrates multiple techniques like Random Number Generator (RNG), Rivest, Shamir and Adelman (RSA), Diffie–Hellman (DH) algorithm, Data Connection Core (DCC) and Salsa20 stream cipher to improve the end to end security of the WiMAX environment. The random numbers have been used as the inputs to the Diffie–Hellman Public Key Distribution System (DH–PKDS) to provide the public keys and common secret keys to it. The DCC contains RSA triple keys, which prevents the system from different attacks. Employment of RSA and DH algorithm in the proposed system leads to powerful data connection for authentication and enhanced key exchange flow respectively. The presence of TEK 3 way handshake in the TEK exchanges process prevents the system from different attacks. Stream cipher Salsa20 makes the system more secure and faster during data transmission process. The proposed system has been compared with standard WiMAX and existing work with respect to different security attributes. Moreover, the performance of the proposed system has been compared with Mutual Authentication with Dynamic Keys (MAWDK) in terms of key generation time, encryption and decryption time. Finally, the computational cost, total computational time and time complexity of the proposed system has been compared with existing systems.

Formal Analysis of the PKMv3 Protocol

WiMax (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access, IEEE 802.16) is a standard-based wireless technology, which uses Privacy Key Management (PKM) protocol to provide authentication and key mana...

A Review on Authentication and Privacy Key Management Protocol in WiMax

A Review on Authentication and Privacy Key Management Protocol in WiMax

Blind key distribution mechanism to secure wireless metropolitan area network

IEEE 802.16, also known as WMAN is a promising broadband wireless technology that provides a great support for Next Generation Networks (NGN). Due to the continuous evolution of new technologies and increasing diverse set of mobile users, WMAN has huge security vulnerabilities. So, there is an intrinsic need to address WMAN security and reliability pitfalls. Therefore, we propose an enhanced version of Privacy Key Management Protocol Version 2 (e-PKMv2) based security scheme for secured data transmission between the Base Station (BS) and the Subscriber Station (SS) in WMAN. For this, we introduce a new technique called Blind Key Distribution (BKD) which increases the security of Authorization Key (AK) significantly in the key management protocol. We show how the proposed e-PKMv2 ensures secure key exchange in WMAN. Finally, the performance analysis of both the existing and proposed cryptosystem is provided.

Secure Authentication and Key Management Protocols for Mobile Multihop WiMAX Networks

Mobile Multihop Relay (MMR) network is one of the emerging technologies, especially LTE-Advanced, WiMAX and the Smart grid communications. Ensuring security is one of the most imperative and challenging issues in MMR networks. Privacy Key Management (PKM) protocol is proposed to ensure the security measures in MMR networks. However, the protocol still faces several security threats, specifically Denial of Service (DoS), replay attacks, Man in the Middle (MitM) attacks and the interleaving attacks, which is termed as Medium Access Control (MAC) layer attacks. This paper proposed a modified version PKM protocol for both unilateral and mutual authentication, which is termed as Self-organized Efficient Authentication and Key Management Scheme (SEAKS) authentication protocol. This protocol ensures secure end-to-end data transmission using distributed hop-by-hop authentication and localized key management schemes with a very simple and efficient way.

Lightweight Message Authentication Protocol for Mobile Multihop Relay Networks

This paper proposes a lightweight self-organized efficient authentication and key management scheme (SEAKS) to countermeasure the MAC layer attacks such as denial of service (DoS), replay attack, man-in-the-middle attack and the interleaving attacks in mobile multihop relay (MMR) networks. SEAKS has been developed based on privacy key management (PKM) protocol for both unilateral authentication defined as SEAKS-PKMv1 and mutual authentication as SEAKS-PKMv2. In SEAKS, the non-transparent relays (N-RS) perform authentication and establish the authorization key (AK) using our proposed public key cryptosystem based on hash authentication code scheme. The subsequent N-RS can be authenticated with less overhead thus enhancing the scalability of the system. The performance of SEAKS-PKMv1 and SEAKS-PKMv2 protocol has been evaluated using BAN LOGIC to verify the integrity of the participating N-RSs and SSs. Simulation study shows that SEAKS exhibits higher packet delivery ratio by 22%, lesser packet overhead by 12%, and less processing time by 14% as compared to the official draft scheme (OD-2009) for MMR WiMAX networks. SEAKS can be applied to any multihop networks with minimum authentication overhead.

Secure Authentication and Key Management Protocols for Mobile Multihop WiMAX Networks

Mobile Multihop Relay (MMR) network is one of the emerging technologies, especially LTE-Advanced, WiMAX and the Smart grid communications. Ensuring security is one of the most imperative and challenging issues in MMR networks. Privacy Key Management (PKM) protocol is proposed to ensure the security measures in MMR networks. However, the protocol still faces several security threats, specifically Denial of Service (DoS), replay attacks, Man in the Middle (MitM) attacks and the interleaving attacks, which is termed as Medium Access Control (MAC) layer attacks. This paper proposed a modified version PKM protocol for both unilateral and mutual authentication, which is termed as Self-organized Efficient Authentication and Key Management Scheme (SEAKS) authentication protocol. This protocol ensures secure end-to-end data transmission using distributed hop-by-hop authentication and localized key management schemes with a very simple and efficient way. The performance evaluation of the proposed schemes in terms of packet delivery ratio, packet overhead, processing time and the effect of increasing number of rogue relay stations is carried out and compared with the official draft of MMR WiMAX and the SEN XU. The result showed that our proposed scheme out-performed the base line protocols. Keywords: Denial of Service, Hop-by-Hop Authentication, IEEE 802.16, MMR WiMAX Network, Security Issues

Proxy Base Station based Authentication Protocol for Broadband Wireless Network

The fourth generation technology of broadband wireless networks i.e. WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) became popular due to its features like high speed internet access, large coverage area and interoperability for different type of devices. Non-Line ofsight propagation with lower frequency improvement makes WiMAX vulnerable to various security threats. Hence, authentication and authorization are used for protecting network from various attacks. Although there are standard authentication protocols in IEEE 802.16, but still WiMAX is vulnerable to attacks such as replay attack, DoS (denial of service attack), interleaving attack etc. In this paper, an exhaustive analysis of existing solutions in standard PKMv2 (privacy key management version 2) protocol is presented. The Proxy Base Station based authentication protocol addresses the major attacks namely DoS attack, interleaving attack, replay attack and downgrade attack. With the introduction of PS (proxy base station), the task of validation is distributed between the PS and BS (base station), it resolves the DoS attack due to the resource exhausting validation procedure [23]. Our proposed authentication protocol is modeled and verified on CPN (Colored PetriNet) tool (version 3.0.2)[1, 2] with and without intruder and compared with PKMv2 standard protocol. The state space analysis report for standard verification parameters shows that our proposed protocol satisfies the desired properties of liveliness and fairness with negligible overheads and it is secure and efficient. General Terms Security, Wireless, Algorithms, Networks

Performance evaluation of Hard and Soft Wimax by using PGP and PKM protocols with RSA Algorithm

Wimax is a wireless metropolitan area network (MAN) technology that provides interoperability, carrier class broadband wireless connectivity to fixed, portable for the last mile. Wimax (Worldwide interoperability for microwave access) is based on IEEE 802.16 standards that provide wireless access to metropolitan area networks and there are several security problems The Wimax technology has great impact in wireless communication and has notched the top position in the wireless technology. But there still are a lot of securities concerns while using such wireless technologies, especially for Wimax where we have to transfer secure data at high rate from one station to another station. Wimax works at the longer distances so there is more security required to protect the communication from attacks and threats. Wimax is a wireless network which is considered to be more vulnerable to attacks and threats than wired network as data transfer publicity in open areas. For secure the communication in Wimax various algorithms and security protocols are used. The researchers have developed various mechanisms which have made a great impact on secure communications in Wimax. Various encryption and authentication mechanisms are being used for secure communication. The concept of use multiple keys with RSA algorithms using PKM (Privacy & Key management) protocol has been used for secure communication. This concept is extended in this paper by combining PGP (Pretty Good Privacy) protocol with RSA algorithm to further improve the secure communication in Wimax. This paper compares the performance of Hard Wimax and Soft Wimax using PKM and PGP protocols over RSA. The performance is analyzed over NS 2.34 simulator using delay, throughput and packet delivery as performance metrics.

Secure Key Management Protocol in WIMAX

The Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WIMAX /IEEE 802.16), is new technology based on wireless metropolitan area network. Security of connections access in WIMAX /IEEE 802.16 is complete with respect to the Privacy Key Management (PKM) protocol. The protocol is responsible for providing the secure distribution of keying data from Base Station (BS) to Subscriber Station (SS). In this paper we provide the formal analysis of PKMv2 using Scyther tool to verify the security properties. We found that PKMv2 is vulnerable to replay, DoS, Man-in-the middle attacks. At last we have proposed a secure protocol (SPKM) to prevent the authorization protocol from such attacks.