Prior Valvuloplasty Research Articles

Risk of conduction disturbances following different transcatheter aortic valve prostheses: the role of aortic valve calcifications.

OBJECTIVESTo assess the impact of prosthesis choice and aortic valve calcifications on the occurrence of conduction disturbances after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI).METHODSWe retrospectively analyzed the preoperative clinical characteristics, electrocardiograms, contrast-enhanced multidetector computed tomography scans and procedural strategies of patients who underwent TAVI in our center between January 2012 and June 2017. Quantification of calcium volume was performed for each aortic cusp above (aortic valve) and below (left ventricular outflow tract, LVOT) the basal plane. Multivariate analysis was performed to evaluate risk factors for the onset of new bundle branch block (BBB), transient and permanent atrioventricular block (tAVB, pAVB).RESULTSA total of 569 patients were included in the study. Six different prostheses were implanted (Edwards Sapien XT, n = 162; Edwards Sapien 3, n = 240; Medtronic CoreValve, n = 27; Medtronic CoreValve Evolut R, n = 21; Symetis Acurate, n = 56; Symetis Acurate neo, n = 63). The logistic regression analysis for BBB showed association with baseline left anterior hemiblock. The logistic regression for tAVB, found the prior valvuloplasty and the balloon post-dilatation associated with the outcome. Baseline left and right BBB, degree of oversizing, and LVOT calcification beneath the non-coronary cusp were associated with pAVB. Neither the prosthesis model, nor the use of a self-expandable prosthesis showed statistical significance with the above-mentioned outcomes on univariate analysis. CONCLUSIONSLVOT calcification beneath the non-coronary cusp, baseline left anterior hemiblock, right BBB, balloon post-dilatation, prior valvuloplasty and oversizing are independently associated with postprocedural conduction disturbances after TAVI. Use of a self-expandable prosthesis may show a lower incidence of AVB, if applied in lower calcified aortic valves.

Omission of predilation in balloon-expandable transcatheter aortic valve implantation: retrospective analysis in a large-volume centre

We aimed to evaluate the effect of omitting predilation on feasibility, procedural results and safety in balloon-expandable TAVI. We performed an analysis of all 680 patients scheduled for a balloon-expandable TAVI prosthesis between January 2011 and August 2016. Patients treated with or without predilation were compared. Procedure times decreased from 85.6±42.9 to 56.7±26.1 minutes (p<0.001), fluoroscopy times from 9.5±5.7 to 6.2±3.9 minutes (p<0.001) and contrast volume from 131.9±60.8 to 85.4±37.4 ml (p<0.001) without predilation. Intraprocedural CPR was significantly more frequent in the predilation group (5.3% vs. 1.4%, p=0.01). Stroke rate was low at 1.5% and with no detectable difference. Applying VARC-2 definitions, the combined endpoints device success (88.3% vs. 92.4%, p=0.07) and clinical efficacy (88.7% vs. 92.4%, p=0.11) were comparable with or without prior valvuloplasty, while early safety was less frequent with predilation (85.2% vs. 90.2%, p=0.04). At 30 days, all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality were 6.8% with predilation vs. 2.9% without predilation (p=0.03) and 5.3% vs. 1.4% (p=0.01). TAVI without prior valvuloplasty is feasible without apparent adverse impact in patients receiving a balloon-expandable TAVI prosthesis. The omission of predilation is associated with shorter procedure time, less radiation exposure and lower rates of intraprocedural resuscitation.

Patterns and trends of transcatheter aortic valve implantation in Italy: insights from RISPEVA.

Clinical trials have shown that transcatheter aortic valve implantation for aortic stenosis compares favorably to surgical replacement in high-risk patients and is superior to medical therapy in those at prohibitive risk. There is uncertainty however on patterns and trends in transcatheter aortic valve implantation, especially focusing on Italy. The RISPEVA study is a prospective Italian registry including 21 institutions. Patients have been enrolled since late 2012, and data collection includes several baseline, procedural, in-hospital, and follow-up details. For the present analysis on patterns and trends, we focused on patients enrolled between 2012 and 2015, and as primary variable on the prevalence of high versus prohibitive surgical risk, limiting our scope to procedural outcomes. A total of 1157 patients were included. The temporal breakdown was 376 (33%) patients enrolled in 2013, 408 (35%) in 2014, and 373 (32%) in 2015. Several patient features differed over time, including risk score, peripheral artery disease, end-stage pulmonary disease, and prior valvuloplasty (all P < 0.05). Several procedural features differed significantly over time, including sheath size, use of general anesthesia, Prostar closure device, predilation, antiembolic device, new TAVI device, and multiple prostheses (all P < 0.05). No significant temporal differences were found for major clinical outcomes, whereas the occurrence of moderate or severe postprocedural regurgitation and pacemaker dependency decreased over the years (both P < 0.05). According to the RISPEVA results, the Italian uptake of TAVI is steady, with evident trends toward less invasive approaches and fitter patients.

Transcatheter aortic valve‐in‐valve implantation of a corevalve in a degenerated stenotic sapien heart valve prosthesis

Treatment options for re-stenotic aortic valve prosthesis implanted by transcatheter technique have not been evaluated systematically. We describe the case of a 75-year-old dialysis patient who was treated by transcatheter aortic valve implantation 3.5 years ago and now presented with severe stenosis of the percutaneous heart valve. The patient was initially treated with a trans-apical implantation of an Edwards Sapien 26 mm balloon expandable valve. The patient remained asymptomatic for 3 years when he presented with increasing shortness of breath and significant calcification of the valve prosthesis on transesophageal echocardiography. Valve-in-valve percutaneous heart valve implantation using a 26-mm CoreValve prosthesis was performed under local anesthesia. The prosthesis was implanted without prior valvuloplasty. Pacing with a frequency of 140/min was applied during placement of the valve prosthesis. Positioning was done with great care using only fluoroscopic guidance with the aim to have the ventricular strut end of the CoreValve prosthesis 5 mm higher than the ventricular strut end of the Edwards Sapien prosthesis. After placement of the CoreValve prosthesis within the Edwards Sapien valve additional valvuloplasty with rapid pacing was performed in order to further expand the CoreValve prosthesis. The final result was associated with a remaining mean gradient of 5 mm Hg and no aortic regurgitation. In conclusion, implantation of a CoreValve prosthesis for treatment of a restenotic Edwards Sapien prosthesis is feasible and is associated with a good functional result.

TCT-853 Procedural results of direct implantation of the selfexpanding CoreValve aortic bioprosthesis without prior valvuloplasty

TCT-853 Procedural results of direct implantation of the selfexpanding CoreValve aortic bioprosthesis without prior valvuloplasty

Valvoplastia por via carotídea na estenose aórtica do neonato e lactente jovem: resultados imediatos em serviços de referência

INTRODUÇÃO: A valvoplastia aórtica por cateter-balão em neonatos e lactentes ainda é um procedimento discutido na literatura. Neste artigo são relatados os resultados imediatos desse procedimento realizado pela via carotídea. MÉTODO: Estudo longitudinal de uma coorte de pacientes com estenose valvar aórtica grave ou crítica congênita com até seis meses de idade, nos quais foi realizada valvuloplastia aórtica com cateter-balão no período de 1997 a 2008. RESULTADOS: Entre março de 1997 e março de 2008, foram realizados 25 procedimentos em 24 pacientes (79% do sexo masculino), com média de idade de 1,4 ± 1 mês (0,1-4 meses) e média de peso de 3,7 ± 1,2 kg (1,1-5,2 kg). A relação balão-anel foi de 0,93 ± 0,1. Óbitos relacionados ao procedimento ocorreram em 4 pacientes (17%), três por falência ventricular esquerda e um por dissecção do seio de Valsalva da artéria coronária esquerda durante o posicionamento do guia e introdutor antes da realização da valvoplastia. O gradiente sistólico máximo transvalvar à ecocardiografia caiu de 86 ± 25 mmHg para 36 ± 15 mmHg, enquanto o gradiente pico-a-pico caiu de 61 ± 36 mmHg para 29 ± 17 mmHg após o procedimento. Melhora significativa da função ventricular foi observada nos pacientes com disfunção prévia. Houve aparecimento ou piora de insuficiência aórtica em 10 pacientes, não sendo necessária intervenção cirúrgica imediata. Fibrilação ou taquicardia ventricular foi observada em 4 pacientes. No seguimento de 7 pacientes, 2 necessitaram de cirurgia valvar. CONCLUSÕES: Embora ainda seja um procedimento associado a morbidade e mortalidade significativas, a valvoplastia aórtica é eficaz na redução do gradiente transvalvar e na preservação da função ventricular e é capaz de postergar a intervenção cirúrgica.

Resultados da valvoplastia por balão do grupo submetido a plastia mitral percutânea ou cirúrgica prévias com o tratado pela primeira vez: evolução do grupo com plastia prévia

To evaluate 501 procedures of mitral balloon valvuloplasty and the differences among the group already submitted the prior surgical or balloon valvuloplasty, with 59 procedures and the group without previous intervention, with 442 procedures. It was used the single balloon in 403, Inoue balloon in 89 and a double balloon in six, with no difference between the 2 groups (p=0.6610). The prior surgical or balloon valvuloplasty group was older, with higher echo score and higher atrial fibrillation rate and of its 59 patients, 48 had been submitted only to mitral surgical commissurotomy, 8 only to mitral balloon valvuloplasty and 3 to surgical commissurotomy and after submitted to balloon valvuloplasty because of restenosis. In prior surgical or balloon valvuloplasty and mitral balloon valvuloplasty without previous intervention groups pre valvuloplasty there were respectively: echo mitral valve area 0.99+/-0.21 and 0.94+/-0.21 cm2 (p=0.0802) and mitral valve area (Gorlin) 0.94+/-0.18 and 0.91+/-0.21 cm2 (p=0.2518) and post mitral valvuloplasty 1.95+/-0.44 and 2.05+/-0.42 cm2 (p=0.1059). The hemodynamic and angiographic outcome of the prior surgical or balloon valvuloplasty group were similar to the group without previous intervention. The evolution was satisfactory in the prior valvuloplasty subgroup with long-term follow-up.