Prior Sleep Research Articles

Associations between bedtime media use and sleep outcomes in an adult population-based cohort

Abstract Background We aimed to extend existing research on associations between bedtime media use and sleep in adults by taking relevant covariates into account and testing hypothesised mediating and moderating pathways. Methods Frequency of bedtime media use and sleep outcomes were examined by questionnaire in 4188 adults (59% women, aged 19-94 years) from the Specchio cohort in Geneva, Switzerland. We tested: 1) associations between bedtime media use and sleep (bedtimes, sleep latency, sleep duration, sleep quality, insomnia symptoms, and daytime sleepiness), adjusting for prior sleep, mental health, and health behaviours (physical activity, binge drinking, smoking, total leisure screen time), 2) whether bedtime media use mediates associations between individual susceptibility factors (age, chronotype, and mental health) and sleep, and 3) whether individual susceptibility factors moderate associations between bedtime media use and sleep. Results Often using a screen in the 30 minutes before going to sleep at night was associated with a late bedtime (≥midnight; OR [95% CI]=1.90 [1.44, 2.51], p < 0.001), short sleep duration (<7 hours; 1.21 [1.01, 1.46], p < 0.05), and excessive daytime sleepiness (Epworth score >9; 1.47 [1.25, 1.74], p < 0.001) after adjustment for all covariates. Bedtime media use partly mediated the association between younger age and an evening chronotype and these sleep outcomes. Mental health moderated the association between bedtime media use and sleep quality/insomnia, such that the former was associated with poorer sleep quality/insomnia among individuals with better mental health, but not among those with poorer mental health. Conclusions Frequent bedtime media use was associated with various sleep outcomes, independently of relevant covariates. Limiting the use of screens at bedtime is important to promote sleep among adults. Individuals with poorer mental health likely require additional support to improve their sleep quality. Key messages • Frequent bedtime media use is associated with a late bedtime, short sleep duration, and more daytime sleepiness in adults, and these associations hold after adjustment for relevant covariates. • Frequent bedtime media use mediates the association between individual susceptibility factors and sleep outcomes. Mental health moderates the association between bedtime media use and sleep quality.

Loneliness, sleep and daily stress: Evidence of direct and indirect effects.

This study investigated: i) the effects of loneliness on self-reported sleep outcomes and daily stress/hassles, ii) whether the effects of loneliness on sleep outcomes were mediated through prior-day stress/hassles and iii) if the effects of loneliness on daily stress/hassles were mediated through prior-night sleep measures. Using a 7-day diary design, this study aimed to investigate relationships between loneliness, daily sleep outcomes and daily stress/hassles. Participants (N = 174, Mage 19.95, 86.2% female) completed the UCLA Loneliness Scale once before a 7-day online diary twice per day. Measures of daily stress and hassles were completed before bed and sleep outcomes the following day. Multilevel modelling found higher levels of loneliness were associated with poorer sleep quality, greater pre-sleep arousal, morning tiredness, fewer total hours slept and higher levels of daily stress and hassles across the 7-day study. Loneliness was found also to have indirect effects on sleep quality, pre-sleep arousal and morning tiredness through prior-day daily stress and hassles. In addition, loneliness also had indirect effects on daily stress and hassles through prior night sleep measures. The current findings suggest that interventions aimed at mitigating the effects of loneliness should also incorporate components that target modifiable risk factors such as sleep and stress.

Adult Inception of Ketogenic Diet Therapy Increases Sleep during the Dark Cycle in C57BL/6J Wild Type and Fragile X Mice.

Sleep problems are a significant phenotype in children with fragile X syndrome. Our prior work assessed sleep-wake cycles in Fmr1KO male mice and wild type (WT) littermate controls in response to ketogenic diet therapy where mice were treated from weaning (postnatal day 18) through study completion (5-6 months of age). A potentially confounding issue with commencing treatment during an active period of growth is the significant reduction in weight gain in response to the ketogenic diet. The aim here was to employ sleep electroencephalography (EEG) to assess sleep-wake cycles in mice in response to the Fmr1 genotype and a ketogenic diet, with treatment starting at postnatal day 95. EEG results were compared with prior sleep outcomes to determine if the later intervention was efficacious, as well as with published rest-activity patterns to determine if actigraphy is a viable surrogate for sleep EEG. The data replicated findings that Fmr1KO mice exhibit sleep-wake patterns similar to wild type littermates during the dark cycle when maintained on a control purified-ingredient diet but revealed a genotype-specific difference during hours 4-6 of the light cycle of the increased wake (decreased sleep and NREM) state in Fmr1KO mice. Treatment with a high-fat, low-carbohydrate ketogenic diet increased the percentage of NREM sleep in both wild type and Fmr1KO mice during the dark cycle. Differences in sleep microstructure (length of wake bouts) supported the altered sleep states in response to ketogenic diet. Commencing ketogenic diet treatment in adulthood resulted in a 15% (WT) and 8.6% (Fmr1KO) decrease in body weight after 28 days of treatment, but not the severe reduction in body weight associated with starting treatment at weaning. We conclude that the lack of evidence for improved sleep during the light cycle (mouse sleep time) in Fmr1KO mice in response to ketogenic diet therapy in two studies suggests that ketogenic diet may not be beneficial in treating sleep problems associated with fragile X and that actigraphy is not a reliable surrogate for sleep EEG in mice.

Off-body Sleep Analysis for Predicting Adverse Behavior in Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Poor sleep quality in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) individuals is linked to severe daytime behaviors. This study explores the relationship between a prior night's sleep structure and its predictive power for next-day behavior in ASD individuals. The motion was extracted using a low-cost near-infrared camera in a privacy-preserving way. Over two years, we recorded overnight data from 14 individuals, spanning over 2,000 nights, and tracked challenging daytime behaviors, including aggression, self-injury, and disruption. We developed an ensemble machine learning algorithm to predict next-day behavior in the morning and the afternoon. Our findings indicate that sleep quality is a more reliable predictor of morning behavior than afternoon behavior the next day. The proposed model attained an accuracy of 74% and a F1 score of 0.74 in target-sensitive tasks and 67% accuracy and 0.69 F1 score in target-insensitive tasks. For 7 of the 14, better-than-chance balanced accuracy was obtained (p-value<0.05), with 3 showing significant trends (p-value<0.1). These results suggest off-body, privacy-preserving sleep monitoring as a viable method for predicting next-day adverse behavior in ASD individuals, with the potential for behavioral intervention and enhanced care in social and learning settings.

Effects of caffeine and chronobiotics on morning repeated sprint performance

Gross muscular performance (lasting &lt;6 s) is 3.4-10.2% higher in the evening when compared with early morning (17:00-19:00 vs. 06:00-10:00 h; Pullinger et al., 2019). However, there is limited research on the effect of caffeine and chronobioltics (bright light) on gross muscular performance, in the early hours of the morning. Twelve healthy, active male participants (mean±SD; age, 21 ± 2 years, body mass, 79 ± 6 kg; stature, 180 ± 5 cm) volunteered and completed 2 familiarisation sessions and 2 experimental sessions. Experimental condition 1: caffeine pill condition (ingested at 06:30 h and 2; Exposure to bright light for 1 h and exercising for the last 30-min on a cycle ergometer at 07:00 h the morning before morning performance; with dawn simulation exposure for 30-min prior to waking on the testing day. Participants retired at 22:30 and woke at 06:30 h throughout the experiment. Both sessions commence at 07:00 h. On entry to the laboratory participants were seated and after intra-aural temperature (IA) was recorded 30-min. During this time questionnaires were administrated regarding mood and prior sleep. Following this, participants then took part in several tests including agility, hand grip strength, counter movement jump and squat jumps. Agility was measured (Whitty SEM Microgate system, UK). Hand grip strength was measured using a dynamometer and squat and countermovement jump values were measured using a jump mat (best of 3 attempts). After this, participants then completed a warm-up (5-min at 10km/h on a motorised treadmill followed by a combination of stretches). Participants were then asked to complete 10 full effort sprints were time, rating of perceived exertion, heart rate and thermal comfort were recorded after each sprint during the 30 s rest. Blood glucose and lactate were also measured before exercise, post warm-up and post exercise. After 30-min participants were asked to cycle around 160 bpm. Heart rate, RPE and thermal comfort were recorded every 5-min. The aim of the study was to assess the effects of caffeine and chronobiotics (bright light/exercise and dawn simulation) on morning RSP and grip strength.

0231 Exploring Age Differences in Relationships Between Prior Sleep Duration and Sleep Latency on MSLTs

0231 Exploring Age Differences in Relationships Between Prior Sleep Duration and Sleep Latency on MSLTs

Traces of EEG-fMRI coupling reveals neurovascular dynamics on sleep inertia

Upon emergence from sleep, individuals experience temporary hypo-vigilance and grogginess known as sleep inertia. During the transient period of vigilance recovery from prior nocturnal sleep, the neurovascular coupling (NVC) may not be static and constant as assumed by previous neuroimaging studies. Stemming from this viewpoint of sleep inertia, this study aims to probe the NVC changes as awakening time prolongs using simultaneous EEG-fMRI. The time-lagged coupling between EEG features of vigilance and BOLD-fMRI signals, in selected regions of interest, was calculated with one pre-sleep and three consecutive post-awakening resting-state measures. We found marginal changes in EEG theta/beta ratio and spectral slope across post-awakening sessions, demonstrating alterations of vigilance during sleep inertia. Time-varying EEG-fMRI coupling as awakening prolonged was evidenced by the changing time lags of the peak correlation between EEG alpha-vigilance and fMRI-thalamus, as well as EEG spectral slope and fMRI-anterior cingulate cortex. This study provides the first evidence of potential dynamicity of NVC occurred in sleep inertia and opens new avenues for non-invasive neuroimaging investigations into the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying brain state transitions.

High prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea in a surgical aortic valve replacement cohort: an observational study.

A high prevalence of sleep apnea has been reported among transcatheter aortic valve replacement (AVR) patients; however, the prevalence of sleep apnea in the younger and relatively healthier population of surgical AVR (SAVR) patients is unknown. We assessed the prevalence of sleep apnea and overall sleep quality in patients having SAVR. Participants aged 50-89 were eligible for recruitment. All participants completed type II HST before SAVR. Sleep apnea was defined as an apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) ≥ 5 events/hour. The current use of positive airway pressure was exclusionary. The 46 participants (32 males/14 females) had a mean age of 66.6 years, body mass index of 30, AHI of 23.5, and obstructive AHI of 22.0. Only four participants had a prior sleep apnea diagnosis, yet all but one had sleep apnea on type II sleep testing. Two-thirds of sleep apnea was moderate or severe (AHI ≥ 15). A quarter of respiratory events were defined by arousals without desaturations. Whereas most sleep parameters resembled those of similarly aged community cohorts, mean percentage of N3 was reduced, accounting for only 3.8% of total sleep time. Type II home sleep testing (HST) revealed a 97.8% prevalence of sleep apnea in this sample, most of which was undiagnosed obstructive sleep apnea. Roughly two-thirds of sleep apnea was moderate or severe. Such a high impact of obstructive sleep apnea among patients with severe aortic valve disease deserves further investigation on potential underlying mechanisms and clinical implications.

Multivariate genome-wide association study of sleep health demonstrates unity and diversity.

There has been a recent push to focus sleep research less on disordered sleep and more on the dimensional sleep health. Sleep health incorporates several dimensions of sleep: chronotype, efficiency, daytime alertness, duration, regularity, and satisfaction with sleep. A previous study demonstrated sleep health domains correlate only moderately with each other at the genomic level (|rGs| = 0.11-0.51) and show unique relationships with psychiatric domains (controlling for shared variances, duration, alertness, and non-insomnia independently related to a factor for internalizing psychopathology). Of the domains assessed, circadian preference was the least genetically correlated with all other facets of sleep health. This pattern is important because it suggests sleep health should be considered a multifaceted construct rather than a unitary construct. Prior genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have vastly increased our knowledge of the biological underpinnings of specific sleep traits but have only focused on univariate analyses. We present the first multivariate GWAS of sleep and circadian health (multivariate circadian preference, efficiency, and alertness factors, and three single-indicator factors of insomnia, duration, and regularity) using genomic structural equation modeling. We replicated loci found in prior sleep GWASs, but also discovered "novel" loci for each factor and found little evidence for genomic heterogeneity. While we saw overlapping genomic enrichment in subcortical brain regions and shared associations with external traits, much of the genetic architecture (loci, mapped genes, and enriched pathways) was diverse among sleep domains. These results confirm sleep health as a family of correlated but genetically distinct domains, which has important health implications.

Predicting neurobehavioral performance of resident physicians in a Randomized Order Safety Trial Evaluating Resident-Physician Schedules (ROSTERS)

ObjectivesMathematical models of human neurobehavioral performance that include the effects of acute and chronic sleep restriction can be key tools in assessment and comparison of work schedules, allowing quantitative predictions of performance when empirical assessment is impractical. MethodsUsing such a model, we tested the hypothesis that resident physicians working an extended duration work roster, including 24-28 hours of continuous duty and up to 88 hours per week averaged over 4weeks, would have worse predicted performance than resident physicians working a rapidly cycling work roster intervention designed to reduce the duration of extended shifts. The performance metric used was attentional failures (ie, Psychomotor Vigilance Task lapses). Model input was 169 actual work and sleep schedules. Outcomes were predicted hours per week during work hours spent at moderate (equivalent to 16-20 hours of continuous wakefulness) or high (equivalent to ≥20 hours of continuous wakefulness) performance impairment. ResultsThe model predicted that resident physicians working an extended duration work roster would spend significantly more time at moderate impairment (p = .02, effect size=0.2) than those working a rapidly cycling work roster; this difference was most pronounced during the circadian night (p < .001). On both schedules, performance was predicted to decline from weeks 1 + 2 to weeks 3 + 4 (p < .001), but the rate of decline was significantly greater on extended duration work roster (p < .01). Predicted performance impairment was inversely related to prior sleep duration (p < .001). ConclusionsThese findings demonstrate the utility of a mathematical model to evaluate the predicted performance profile of schedules for resident physicians and others who experience chronic sleep restriction and circadian misalignment.

O079 Investigating Hypersomnolence Disorders in South Australia: A Retrospective Audit of Multiple Sleep Latency tests

Abstract Introduction This study aims to evaluate the characteristics of patients with Narcolepsy Type 1 (NT1), Narcolepsy Type 2 (NT2), and Idiopathic Hypersomnolence (IH) along with diagnostic outcomes in patients referred for a multiple sleep latency test (MSLT) at an Australian hospital. Methods A retrospective audit was performed of all patients who completed an MSLT between January 2018 to January 2023. Results 431 participants (62.4% female; mean±SD age 40.2±16.4 years; BMI 28.6±7.4 kg/m²) who completed MSLTs were included. 95 participants (22%) had a positive MSLT of ≤ 8 minutes, of which 87% (n=83) had a prior night total sleep time on polysomnography of &amp;gt; 6 hours. Gender, age, and BMI did not vary significantly between participants with a mean sleep latency (MSL) ≤ 8 versus &amp;gt;8 minutes (p=0.9, p&amp;gt;0.9, p=0.1 0, respectively). Participants with an MSL ≤ 8 minutes had higher Epworth Sleepiness Scale scores 14.6 ± 5.1 vs 12.5 ± 5.0 (p &amp;lt; 0.001), with more sleep onset REM periods (SOMREPs) 0.82 ± 1.35 vs 0.14 ± 0.49 compared to those with MSL &amp;gt;8 minutes. Further data collection is in progress, but to date, diagnoses were available for 34 participants with MSL ≤ 8 minutes (6 NT1, 8 NT2, 8 IH, 12 Other [i.e., shiftwork disorder, sleep restriction, medication-induced]). Discussion This study seeks to estimate diagnostic frequency and characteristics of patients presenting for evaluation of hypersomnolence. The prevalence of MSL &amp;lt; 8 minutes (22.0%) is consistent with prior studies1,2. Analysis of diagnostic outcomes is pending further data collection in progress.

Maturational trend of daytime sleep propensity in adolescents.

The teenage increase in sleepiness is not simply a response to decreasing nighttime sleep duration. Daytime sleepiness increases across adolescence even when prior sleep duration is held constant. Here we determine the maturational trend in daytime sleep propensity assessed with the multiple sleep latency test (MSLT) and assess the trend's relation to pubertal maturation and changes in the sleep electroencephalogram. We also evaluate whether the relation of daytime sleep propensity to prior sleep duration changes between ages 10 and 23 years. Participants (n = 159) entered the study between ages 9.8 and 22.8 years and were studied annually for up to 3 years. Annually, participants kept each of three sleep schedules in their homes: 7, 8.5, and 10 hours in bed for 4 consecutive nights with polysomnography on nights 2 and 4. MSLT-measured daytime sleep propensity was assessed in the laboratory on the day following the fourth night. A two-part linear spline model described the maturation of daytime sleep propensity. MSLT sleep likelihood increased steeply until age 14.3 years, after which it did not change significantly. The maturational trend was strongly associated with the adolescent decline in slow-wave (delta, 1-4 Hz) EEG power during NREM sleep and with pubertal maturation assessed with Tanner stage measurement of breast/genital development. The effect of prior sleep duration on sleep likelihood decreased with age. Adolescent brain changes related to pubertal maturation and those reflected in the delta decline contribute to the adolescent increase in daytime sleep propensity.

Emergence of different dimensions of sleepiness in a general population sample: An EPISONO study

IntroductionRecent evidence supports the idea that sleepiness has several dimensions, comprising psychophysiological phenomena, such as sleep propensity and sleepiness perception. The Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) is among one of the most used sleepiness assessment tools, but recent data suggest that it might not detect problematic impairments in sleep health. More research is warranted investigating sleepiness dimensions with large sample sizes, using both objective and subjective methods of analyzing sleep. MethodsWe used data from the Epidemiological Sleep Study (EPISONO), a major study carried out in Brazil using a representative sample of 1042 participants of the general population of Sao Paulo city, who completed questionnaires and underwent type I polysomnography. Sleepiness was measured by the ESS (sleep propensity) and the UNIFESP Sleep Questionnaire, which asked about the frequency of feeling sleepy during the day (sleepiness perception). The participants were distributed into 4 groups in respect of excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) according to the following criteria: 1) having an ESS score >10 (ESS group). 2) feeling sleepy ≥3 times per week (Frequent EDS group). 3) the combined criteria (Combined EDS group). 4) having no evidence of EDS (no EDS group). The UNIFESP Sleep Questionnaire was used to obtain self-reported sleep duration, sleep debt, and sleep duration variability. Participants also completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, the Insomnia Severity Index, and a pre-polysomnography sleep questionnaire. ResultsAfter removing participants with missing data, there were 620 participants with no EDS, 255 individuals in the ESS group, 68 in the Frequent EDS group, and 73 in the Combined EDS group. Compared to the no EDS group, the ESS and Combined EDS groups had significantly increased sleep efficiency, diminished sleep latency, wake after sleep onset, and self-reported weekly sleep duration. The Frequent and Combined EDS groups had significantly higher scores in the Insomnia Severity Index and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. All EDS groups had an increased likelihood of nonrestorative sleep. EDS frequency and the ESS scores were significantly correlated. ConclusionsParticipants with a high sleep propensity had a profile suggesting prior sleep deprivation, while high sleepiness perception was associated with impaired sleep quality. These findings indicated that, in the general population, these instruments evaluated separate sleepiness dimensions with different associations, highlighting that screening using a combination of instruments might be more effective in detecting impairments in sleep health.

Predictors and prognosis of population-based subjective cognitive decline: longitudinal evidence from the Caerphilly Prospective Study (CaPS)

ObjectivesTo understand associations between the subjective experience of cognitive decline and objective cognition. This subjective experience is often conceptualised as an early step towards neurodegeneration, but this has not been...

Waking up on the wrong side of the bed: Depression severity moderates daily associations between sleep duration and morning affect.

Mornings are salient times for disrupted affect that may be impacted by prior sleep. The current study extends work linking sleep disruptions with negative affect by examining how nightly changes in sleep duration, timing, and quality relative to a person's average impact morning affect. We further tested whether depression severity moderated the relationship between nightly variations in sleep and morning affect. This is a secondary analysis of participants ages 18-65 years with varying levels of depression (N = 91) who wore an Actiwatch for 3-17 days (n = 73) while reporting morning affect using a visual analogue scale. Multilevel models tested the previous night's sleep duration, timing, or quality as a predictor of morning affect. Sleep measures were group-mean centred to account for nightly variation in participants' sleep. A cross-level interaction between depression severity and nightly sleep was entered. Sleeping longer (b = 0.1; p < 0.001) and later (b = 1.8; p = 0.01) than usual were both associated with better morning mood. There was a significant interaction between nightly actigraphic sleep duration and depression severity on morning affect (b = 0.003; p = 0.003). Participants with higher depression severity reported worse affect upon waking after sleeping less than their usual. In comparison, sleeping less than usual did not affect morning affect ratings for participants with lower depression. A similar interaction was found for sleep quality (b = 0.02; p < 0.001). There was no interaction for midsleep timing. Sleeping less than usual impacted morning affect in individuals with greater depression, potentially suggesting a pathway by which sleep disturbances perpetuate depression.

Are new mums driving tired?

During the first year of their child’s life, mothers typically experience disrupted sleep and high levels of daytime fatigue. Other populations who experience sleep disruption and/or fatigue are considered to be at risk for fatigued driving. However, the degree of fatigue-related risk experienced by new mothers in Australia is unclear. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of fatigued driving, fatigue-related near misses, and vehicle crashes in this population. A cross-sectional survey including the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and a range of fatigue and driving questions was completed by 187 Australian new mothers. Over 50% of participants who regularly drove did so while fatigued at least a few times per month. Furthermore, most participants who reported near misses indicated that either some or more than some of these incidents were attributable to fatigue (>70%). Similarly, >55% of participants who reported experiencing a motor vehicle crash since the birth of their child indicated that this crash was caused by fatigue. These findings suggest that new mothers may be considered an at-risk group for fatigued driving. To address this issue, it may be appropriate to provide education around driver safety, and to establish strategies to help minimise fatigue-related driving risk in this population. Furthermore, future research should include objectively measured sleep to establish the link more accurately between prior sleep and driver safety in new mothers in Australia.

0210 Conservation of Prior Slow Wave Sleep Does Not Provide Resilience to Neurobehavioral Impairment during Total Sleep Deprivation

Abstract Introduction Slow wave sleep (SWS) is thought to play a critical, if not unique, role in resilience and recovery of waking function. It has been posited that if SWS is preserved, the impact of sleep restriction on subsequent neurobehavioral functioning should be minimal. In this context, we investigated the effects of a delayed and restricted sleep opportunity on SWS and on neurobehavioral impairment during a subsequent period of total sleep deprivation (TSD). Methods N=21 healthy adults (21–38y, 9f) underwent three separate periods of 36h TSD, each preceded by one week of prior sleep extension to 12h time in bed (TIB) per night (PSE condition, twice), or prior sleep restriction to 6h TIB per night (PSR condition, once). The last night of each condition was spent inside the laboratory. TIB for the pre-TSD night was 22:00–10:00 (PSE) or 04:00–10:00 (PSR). During each 36h TSD period, subjects completed a neurobehavioral task battery every 2h including a digit-symbol substitution test (DSST) measuring cognitive throughput and the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS) measuring subjective sleepiness. Following TSD, subjects had a 12h sleep opportunity (22:00–10:00). Sleep was recorded polysomnographically during both pre- and post-TSD nights. Results The pre-TSD night in the PSR condition had less total sleep time, with significant reductions (p&amp;lt; 0.001) in N1, N2, and REM durations compared to the PSE condition. There were no significant differences between the PSE and PSR conditions in SWS duration (p=0.40). Moreover, in the post-TSD night, there were no significant differences (p&amp;gt;0.1) between the PSE and PSR conditions in any of the sleep stages, including SWS. Neurobehavioral functioning during TSD exhibited significant effects (p&amp;lt; 0.02) of prior sleep condition on DSST throughput and KSS sleepiness, with reduced throughput and increased sleepiness in the PSR condition relative to the PSE condition. Conclusion SWS was remarkably conserved in delayed, restricted sleep compared to extended sleep. However, this conservation of SWS did not prevent exacerbation of DSST throughput deficits or KSS sleepiness from prior sleep restriction during subsequent TSD. As such, other aspects of sleep besides SWS are also important in mediating sleep-induced resilience and recovery. Support (if any) NASA NAG9-1161, CDMRP W81XWH-20-1-0442, ARO W911NF2210223.

0958 Use of a Hybrid Mattress Improves Objective and Perceived Sleep Outcomes

Abstract Introduction Previous research has shown that comfort, including comfort of the sleep surface, is essential to sleep quality. In addition to comfort, the structure and firmness of a mattress may also play a role when it comes to sleep quality. More empirical research is needed to establish the impact of particular mattresses on both objective and self-reported measures of sleep quality. This study compared sleep on a hybrid mattress to participants’ prior sleep on their original mattress. Methods Healthy adults (81% female, ages 25-67) who reported sleeping hot participated in a 10-week field study, using a pre-post intervention design. During the 4-week baseline period, participants used their regular mattress at home. During the 4-week intervention period, which occurred following a 2-week adjustment period, they used a Serta iSeries mattress at home. This hybrid mattress includes materials designed to help the user feel cool. Sleep was measured objectively using SleepScore Max every night and by daily and pre-post self-report. Multilevel regression and paired t-tests were used to test for statistical significance. Results There were over 1,400 nights of tracked sleep across 39 participants. Objective sleep measurements showed increased time in bed (+10 minutes, p=.001) and total sleep time (+14 minutes, p=.002), as well as increased REM, both in duration (+6 minutes, p=.004) and proportion of the night (p=.023). Improvements also were observed in two objective sleep quality measures: SleepScore (p=.002) and MindScore (p=002). Self-report measures revealed that the hybrid mattress felt cooler (p&amp;lt;.001) and more comfortable (p&amp;lt;.001). Improvements also were found for a variety of perceived sleep outcomes, including time to fall asleep, waking less often, spending less time awake, longer sleep duration, better sleep quality, and feeling more rested in the morning (ps&amp;lt;.05). Conclusion Objectively-measured sleep and self-reported sleep improved when using the hybrid mattress compared to healthy adults’ original mattresses. Furthermore, qualitative and quantitative self-report results suggested that the intervention was perceived as comfortable and felt cool. These perceptions likely are what led to more time in bed, which in turn led to the key sleep improvements. Support (if any) Mattress Firm INC

0076 Resilience to Acute Sleep Loss When Learning Organic Chemistry

Abstract Introduction Short sleep is often associated with worse academic outcomes, but it remains unknown whether this relationship is causal. In addition, many students perceive that cutting back on sleep is necessary for successful performance in rigorous and intimidating courses, such as organic chemistry. In the current work, we experimentally tested whether acute sleep restriction affected organic chemistry learning outcomes. Methods Participants were 60 undergraduate students who had not previously taken organic chemistry. They maintained a sleep diary for seven days and then completed an overnight session that included polysomnography (PSG) monitoring. Participants were randomly assigned to go to bed at either 10:30pm (normal sleep) or 1:30am (sleep restriction). The next morning, all participants were woken up at approximately 7am and completed a virtual lecture on organic chemistry. In one segment, the lecture was self-paced; in the other segment, the lecture was set to advance automatically at a speeded pace. Following the lecture, participants completed a 50-item test over the studied material. Results The conditions were similar in age, gender, race/ethnicity, chemistry intimidation, chronotype, prior sleep, and fluid intelligence (ps &amp;gt; .30). The bedtime manipulation successfully decreased total sleep time from 454.10 (47.90) minutes to 300.93 (37.23) minutes (p&amp;lt;.001), by decreasing time spent in REM and N2 (ps&amp;lt;.01; no changes to N1 or N3, ps&amp;gt;.05). Sleep restriction significantly altered stress levels during the test (p&amp;lt;.05), but not test performance (p&amp;gt;.10). Organic chemistry test performance was lower after a speeded lecture than a self-paced lecture, F(1, 57) = 15.649, p &amp;lt; .001, though this pattern did not interact with sleep condition (ps&amp;gt;.10). Students who were more intimidated by chemistry (at baseline) performed more poorly on the speeded section (r=-.36, p&amp;lt;.01), but just as well on the self-paced section (r=-.09, p=.51), and these patterns were not moderated by sleep duration. Conclusion Students who are intimidated by organic chemistry learning can overcome these barriers via self-paced learning, even when they have been acutely sleep restricted. Support (if any) This work was supported by the National Science Foundation (1943323 and 1920730).

0791 The Association of Sleep with Developmental and Behavioral Factors in Premature Infants

Abstract Introduction Children with neurodevelopmental conditions often experience sleep problems. Whereas sleep is a predictor of behavioral outcomes in children, there is limited evidence regarding sleep as an indicator of neurodevelopmental concerns. This study examined the prevalence of sleep issues and neurodevelopmental conditions in children with a history of prematurity, as well as the role of sleep as a potential indicator for future developmental and behavioral concerns. Methods Electronic health records of 57 young children (M = 31.9 gestational weeks, range = 23 to 40 weeks; 35.1% girls) presenting to a neonatal follow-up clinic were reviewed. Caregivers completed the Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaire (BISQ-R) between 6-16 corrected months (Mage = 11.6 mos) and then completed the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M-CHAT) between 16-26 corrected months (Mage = 20.9 mos). Caregivers also completed the Survey of Wellbeing of Young Children (SWYC; n = 56; Mage = 20.9 mos) and the Brief Infant-Toddler Social and Emotional Assessment (BITSEA; n = 32; Mage = 17.4 mos). Results Approximately one-quarter (26.3%) of subjects had a caregiver-perceived child sleep problem at ages 6-16 corrected months. A total of 40.4% of children had clinically significant autism concerns on the M-CHAT and 67.9% had clinically significant concerns on the SWYC. Subsequent caregiver ratings showed that 25.0% of children exhibited challenging behaviors and 34.4% lower social-emotional competency on the BITSEA. Children who demonstrated clinically significant autism risk on the M-CHAT were more likely to have a prior caregiver-identified child sleep problem. Those who later failed the M-CHAT also had increased night waking frequency (2.43 vs 1.82 wakings) earlier in development. Logistic regression indicated that caregiver-identified sleep problems significantly predicted subsequent challenging behaviors on the BITSEA but not later neurodevelopmental concerns on the SWYC or social-emotional competencies on the BITSEA. Conclusion These pilot data suggest that a caregiver-identified child sleep problem at age 6-16 months corrected is linked to more frequent challenging child behaviors in toddlerhood (16-26 corrected months). Caregiver-identified child sleep problems and more night wakings also predicted later neurodevelopmental concerns. Sleep problems in premature infants may thus be an early indication of later behavioral and neurodevelopmental issues. Support (if any)