Prior List Research Articles

Heterogeneous system list scheduling algorithm based on improved optimistic cost matrix

In heterogeneous computing systems, efficient task-scheduling methods are paramount for enhancing computational performance. However, the existing algorithm exhibits certain deficiencies, notably its oversight of load balancing concerns and inadequate emphasis on the out-degree property of tasks. To address these issues, a novel list scheduling algorithm is proposed, Average Earliest Finish Time (AEFT), which proficiently allocates task flows onto heterogeneous processors. The AEFT algorithm primarily consists of two key stages: (1) prioritizing tasks to determine the distribution of task priorities and (2) assigning optimal processors for tasks with given priorities. By leveraging its specific topology, the AEFT algorithm minimizes the scheduling length of task flows. Simultaneously, a prediction mechanism in determining task prioritization and selecting processors stages is proposed to reduce the scheduling time of task flows. In addition, in the processor selection stage, AEFT algorithm considers the out-degree characteristics of tasks, ameliorating situations of processor load imbalance. The AEFT algorithm demonstrates superior performance compared to prior list scheduling algorithms concerning makespan, speedup, and the percentage of occurrences of better solutions, as evidenced by experiments conducted on randomly generated and real-application graphs. Specifically, for t tasks and p processors, the AEFT algorithm achieves a time complexity of O(t2p).

No position-specific interference from prior lists in cued recognition: A challenge for position coding (and other) theories of serial memory

Position-specific intrusions of items from prior lists are rare but important phenomena that distinguish broad classes of theory in serial memory. They are uniquely predicted by position coding theories, which assume items on all lists are associated with the same set of codes representing their positions. Activating a position code activates items associated with it in current and prior lists in proportion to their distance from the activated position. Thus, prior list intrusions are most likely to come from the coded position. Alternative “item dependent” theories based on associations between items and contexts built from items have difficulty accounting for the position specificity of prior list intrusions. We tested the position coding account with a position-cued recognition task designed to produce prior list interference. Cuing a position should activate a position code, which should activate items in nearby positions in the current and prior lists. We presented lures from the prior list to test for position-specific activation in response time and error rate; lures from nearby positions should interfere more. We found no evidence for such interference in 10 experiments, falsifying the position coding prediction. We ran two serial recall experiments with the same materials and found position-specific prior list intrusions. These results challenge all theories of serial memory: Position coding theories can explain the prior list intrusions in serial recall and but not the absence of prior list interference in cued recognition. Item dependent theories can explain the absence of prior list interference in cued recognition but cannot explain the occurrence of prior list intrusions in serial recall.

Differential effects of proactive and retroactive interference in value-directed remembering for younger and older adults.

We are often presented with more information than we can remember, and we must selectively focus on the most valuable information to maximize memory utility. Most tests of value-based memory involve encoding and then being tested on a list of recently studied information. Thus, people are focused on memory for the current list and are encouraged to forget information from earlier lists. However, prior learning can influence later memory, in both interfering and beneficial ways, and there may be age-related differences in how younger and older adults are influenced by the costs and benefits of prior learning and interference. In the present study, we presented younger and older adults with words paired with point values to remember for a later test but rather than asking participants to only recall words from the just-studied list, participants were asked to recall all studied words on each recall test. Results revealed that younger adults were more likely to recall words from previous lists than older adults, indicating that older adults were more susceptible to retroactive interference. Moreover, although selectivity is often preserved in older adults when study-test cycles are independent, a buildup of proactive interference arising from previously studied words reduced memory selectivity in older adults. Thus, when presented with more information than one can remember, younger adults are better at combating interference and recalling valuable information, while older adults may engage in selective forgetting of prior lists to enhance a "present-focused" form of memory, possibly as a result of impaired inhibitory control. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

Testing potential mechanisms underlying test-potentiated new learning.

An emerging body of studies demonstrates that practicing retrieval of studied information, by comparison with restudying or no treatment, can facilitate subsequent learning and retrieval of new information, a phenomenon termed the forward testing effect (FTE) or test-potentiated new learning. Several theoretical explanations have been proposed to account for the FTE. A release-from-PI theory proposes that interpolated testing induces context changes and enhances event segregation, which in turn protect new learning from proactive interference (PI). A strategy-change view hypothesizes that prior tests teach learners to adopt more effective/elaborative learning and retrieval strategies in subsequent study and test phases. Finally, a reset-of-encoding account proposes that interim testing on studied information reduces memory load, resets the subsequent encoding process, and enhances encoding of new information. The current study recruited a large sample (over 1,000 participants) and employed a multilist learning task and mediation analyses to test these theories. The results suggest that prior list intrusions (an index of PI) significantly mediated the FTE, supporting the release-from-PI theory. In addition, interim testing enhanced strategic processing of temporal information during new learning (reflected by increased clustering), and temporal clustering significantly mediated the FTE, supporting a role for strategy-change in the FTE. Lastly, a variety of indices were constructed to represent the benefit of reset-of-encoding, but none of them provided evidence supporting the reset-of-encoding view. The results shed new light on the complex mechanisms underlying the forward benefits of testing. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

Metacognitive judgments can potentiate new learning: The role of covert retrieval

Interim tests of previously studied information can potentiate subsequent learning of new information, in part, because retrieval-based processes help to reduce proactive interference from previously learned information. We hypothesized that an effect similar to this forward testing effect would also occur when making judgments of (prior) learning (JOLs). Previous research showed that making JOLs likely prompts covert retrieval attempts and thereby enhances memory, specifically when providing only parts of previously studied information. This study examined the forward effect of different types of JOLs (i.e., with complete or partial prior study information available) on subsequent learning of new materials, compared to restudy and retrieval practice. In a between-subjects design, participants (N = 161) consecutively studied five lists of 20 words with the aim to recall as many of them on a final cumulative recall test. After the presentation of each of the first four lists, participants either restudied the list, made JOLs with complete words, made JOLs with word stems, or they were tested on word stems. Compared to restudy, practicing retrieval and making JOLs with word stems, but not JOLs with complete words, facilitated the List-5 interim recall performance and attenuated the number of intrusions from prior lists. The findings suggest that, similar to overt retrieval, making JOLs with incomplete information can enhance new learning to the extent that it elicits covert retrieval attempts.

Chaining models of serial recall can produce positional errors

A major argument for positional-coding over associative chaining models of immediate serial recall has been the high probability that an error from a prior list will appear in its correct serial-position, so-called “protrusions.” Here we show that a chaining model can produce protrusions if it includes three characteristics that have been incorporated into published chaining models: (a) a “start-signal” item is associated with all first list-items, (b) memory is not cleared following each list, and (c) the retrieval cue for each item is always the full non-redintegrated retrieved information, regardless of the response. The model covertly recalls all studied lists in parallel (weighted by recency), such that when prior-list items intrude, they predominantly occur at the correct output position. In addition to fitting prior protrusion data, we report two new data sets that question the ubiquity of the simple protrusion-dominance characteristic. These findings show that protrusions cannot falsify an associative basis for serial-order memory and speak to the plausibility of mixture models.

Long-term outcome and bridging success of patients evaluated and bridged to lung transplantation on the ICU.

Evaluating and bridging patients to lung transplantation (LTx) on the intensive care unit (ICU) remains controversial, especially without a previous waitlist status. Long term outcome data after LTx from ICU remains scarce. We compared long-term survival and development of chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD) in elective and LTx from ICU, with or without previous waitlist status. Patients transplanted between 2004 and 2018 in 2 large academic Dutch institutes were included. Long-term survival and development of CLAD was compared in patients who received an elective LTx (ELTx), those bridged and transplanted from the ICU with a previous listing status (BTT), and in patients urgently evaluated and bridged on ICU (EBTT). A total of 582 patients underwent a LTx, 70 (12%) from ICU, 39 BTT and 31 EBTT. Patients transplanted from ICU were younger than ELTx (46 vs 51 years) and were bridged with mechanical ventilation (n=42 (60%)), extra corporeal membrane oxygenation (n=28 (40%)), or both (n = 21/28). Bridging success was 48% in the BTT group and 72% in the EBTT group. Patients bridged to LTx on ICU had similar 1 and 5 year survival (86.8% and 78.4%) compared to elective LTx (86.8% and 71.9%). This was not different between the BTT and EBTT group. 5 year CLAD free survival was not different in patients transplanted from ICU vs ELTx. Patients bridged to LTx on the ICU with and without prior listing status had excellent short and long-term patient and graft outcomes, and was similar to patients electively transplanted.

Metacognitive control, serial position effects, and effective transfer to self-paced study.

Serial position effects involve the differential recall of information based on its temporal order at encoding. Previous research indicates that learners may be aware of these effects under certain encoding conditions, but it is unclear whether metacognitive control is sensitive to serial position effects. The current study examined whether there are serial position effects in participants' study time and whether they can learn about serial position effects under fixed encoding conditions and then transfer what they have learned to self-paced study conditions. Specifically, participants were given lists of to-be-remembered words and studied each word for a fixed duration on initial lists, but self-paced their study time on later lists. Results revealed that self-paced study times oppositely mirrored serial position effects (i.e., briefer study times in the beginning and end of each list), and serial position effects were reduced in self-paced study conditions, particularly in participants initially studying under fixed conditions before self-pacing their study time. Specifically, participants may have monitored their output and, based on observations of forgetting middle items, transferred their learning of serial position effects from prior lists. Thus, participants may use forgetting and serial position information to guide encoding, indicating that fundamental properties of the memory system can be incorporated into the processes that guide metacognitive control.

Reciprocal hemizygosity analysis reveals that the Saccharomyces cerevisiae CGI121 gene affects lag time duration in synthetic grape must.

It is standard practice to ferment white wines at low temperatures (10–18°C). However, low temperatures increase fermentation duration and risk of problem ferments, leading to significant costs. The lag duration at fermentation initiation is heavily impacted by temperature; therefore, identification of Saccharomyces cerevisiae genes influencing fermentation kinetics is of interest for winemaking. We selected 28 S. cerevisiae BY4743 single deletants, from a prior list of open reading frames (ORFs) mapped to quantitative trait loci (QTLs) on Chr. VII and XIII, influencing the duration of fermentative lag time. Five BY4743 deletants, Δapt1, Δcgi121, Δclb6, Δrps17a, and Δvma21, differed significantly in their fermentative lag duration compared to BY4743 in synthetic grape must (SGM) at 15 °C, over 72 h. Fermentation at 12.5°C for 528 h confirmed the longer lag times of BY4743 Δcgi121, Δrps17a, and Δvma21. These three candidates ORFs were deleted in S. cerevisiae RM11-1a and S288C to perform single reciprocal hemizygosity analysis (RHA). RHA hybrids and single deletants of RM11-1a and S288C were fermented at 12.5°C in SGM and lag time measurements confirmed that the S288C allele of CGI121 on Chr. XIII, encoding a component of the EKC/KEOPS complex, increased fermentative lag phase duration. Nucleotide sequences of RM11-1a and S288C CGI121 alleles differed by only one synonymous nucleotide, suggesting that intron splicing, codon bias, or positional effects might be responsible for the impact on lag phase duration. This research demonstrates a new role of CGI121 and highlights the applicability of QTL analysis for investigating complex phenotypic traits in yeast.

Direct brain recordings identify hippocampal and cortical networks that distinguish successful versus failed episodic memory retrieval

Human data collected using noninvasive imaging techniques have established the importance of parietal regions towards episodic memory retrieval, including the angular gyrus and posterior cingulate cortex. Such regions comprise part of a putative core episodic retrieval network. In free recall, comparisons between contextually appropriate and inappropriate recall events (i.e. prior list intrusions) provide the opportunity to study memory retrieval networks supporting veridical recall, and existing findings predict that differences in electrical activity in these brain regions should be identified according to the accuracy of recall. However, prior iEEG studies, utilizing principally subdural grid electrodes, have not fully characterized brain activity in parietal regions during memory retrieval and have not examined connectivity between core recollection areas and the hippocampus or prefrontal cortex. Here, we employed a data set obtained from 100 human patients implanted with stereo EEG electrodes for seizure mapping purposes as they performed a free recall task. This data set allowed us to separately analyze activity in midline versus lateral parietal brain regions, and in anterior versus posterior hippocampus, to identify areas in which retrieval-related activity predicted the recollection of a correct versus an incorrect memory. With the wide coverage afforded by the stereo EEG approach, we were also able to examine interregional connectivity. Our key findings were that differences in gamma band activity in the angular gyrus, precuneus, posterior temporal cortex, and posterior (more than anterior) hippocampus discriminated accurate versus inaccurate recall as well as active retrieval versus memory search. The left angular gyrus exhibited a significant power decrease preceding list intrusions as well as unique phase–amplitude coupling properties, whereas the prefrontal cortex was unique in exhibiting a power increase during list intrusions. Analysis of connectivity revealed significant hemispheric asymmetry, with relatively sparse left-sided functional connections compared to the right hemisphere. One exception to this finding was elevated connectivity between the prefrontal cortex and left angular gyrus. This finding is interpreted as evidence for the engagement of prefrontal cortex in memory monitoring and mnemonic decision-making.

Timing matters: The interplay of the retrieval frequency and temporal distance between retrieving a prior list and encoding a new list in vocabulary retention

The act of retrieval yields benefits for memory. However, according to the reconsolidation account, reactivation could render a memory amenable to modifications. The present study investigated how the retrieval frequency of a previously learned vocabulary list and the temporal distance of a subsequently encoded list affected retention of the prior list. Recruited from six intact sessions of a college intensive English course, participants learned two unrelated lists of novel words and took cued-recall tests. The results revealed an interaction between the retrieval of list 1 (single vs. repeated) and the encoding of list 2 (close vs. far vs. no). Noteworthy, the repeated-retrievals groups outperformed single-retrieval groups only when list 2 encoding was spaced far apart (i.e., 3-day interval). The memory impairment effect emerged in the presence of list 2 whereas the memory strengthening effect occurred in the absence of list 2. These results suggest that the interplay between repeated retrievals and an extended temporal distance functions in a way that may attenuate memory’s susceptibility to new learning rather than abolish it. Situated in the naturalistic classroom setting, these findings have pedagogical significance for instructors to schedule testing and learning sessions to help learners optimize vocabulary retention.

Expanding the Y Dwarf Census with Spitzer Follow-up of the Coldest CatWISE Solar Neighborhood Discoveries

Abstract We present Spitzer 3.6 and 4.5 μm follow-up of 170 candidate extremely cool brown dwarfs newly discovered via the combination of Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) and NEOWISE imaging at 3–5 μm. CatWISE, a joint analysis of archival WISE and NEOWISE data, has improved upon the motion measurements of AllWISE by leveraging a >10× time baseline enhancement, from 0.5 yr (AllWISE) to 6.5 yr (CatWISE). As a result, CatWISE motion selection has yielded a large sample of previously unrecognized brown dwarf candidates, many of which have archival detections exclusively in the WISE 4.6 μm (W2) channel, suggesting that they could be both exceptionally cold and nearby. Where these objects go undetected in WISE W1 (3.4 μm), Spitzer can provide critically informative detections at 3.6 μm. Of our motion-confirmed discoveries, 17 have a best-fit Spitzer [3.6]–[4.5] color most consistent with spectral type Y. It is likely that CWISEP J144606.62–231717.8 (μ ≈ 1.″3 yr−1) is the reddest, and therefore potentially coldest, member of our sample with a very uncertain [3.6]–[4.5] color of 3.71 ± 0.44 mag. We also highlight our highest proper-motion discovery, WISEA J153429.75–104303.3, with μ ≈ 2.″7 yr−1. Given that the prior list of confirmed and presumed Y dwarfs consists of just 27 objects, the Spitzer follow-up presented in this work has substantially expanded the sample of identified Y dwarfs. Our new discoveries thus represent significant progress toward understanding the bottom of the substellar mass function, investigating the diversity of the Y dwarf population, and selecting optimal brown dwarf targets for James Webb Space Telescope spectroscopy.

A SUSPECT under the National Environmental Management Biodiversity Act (NEM:BA) [sbnd]Moringa oleifera's ecological and social costs and benefits

Moringa is widely distributed across the globe for its multiple uses as well as high nutritive content and great economic attributes; subsequently it has been highly commercialised. Even though moringa is fast becoming an important crop in several parts of the world, in South African context, it is not recognised for such, and is listed on the Species Under Surveillance for Possible Eradication or Containment Targets (SUSPECT) under National Environmental Management Biodiversity Act (NEM:BA), since it is not native to South Africa. Where it is established in South Africa, people perceive the numerous qualities of moringa as beneficial and this can result in conflict generation between communities and policy makers who have to safe guard against alien and invasive species spread and impact. In this paper, we review the ecological, social and legal status of moringa in South Africa, and highlight the importance of conducting research on non-native species with the focus of improving evidence base prior listing of species on national regulations. Moreover, we highlight the need to also focus on social aspects of invasive species, using a cost–benefit approach to assist in decision making regarding control, management and eradication of moringa and other non-native plants.

Individual differences in encoding strategies and free recall dynamics.

Individual differences in encoding strategies and their relation to free recall dynamics were examined. Participants performed a delayed free recall task and following each list reported which strategies they may have used on the prior list. Individual differences in effective encoding strategy use were positively correlated with overall recall performance. Examining recall dynamics suggested that variation in effective encoding strategy use was associated with greater recall, particularly on non-primacy items and slightly more organised recall in terms of recall transitions. However, no differences were found for recall of items at the first serial position, in recall initiation, or in how quickly participants recalled items. Collectively, the results are consistent with the notion that effective encoding strategies increase the strength of items, resulting in a higher likelihood of recovering the items during recall. Individual differences in control processes in the form of effective encoding strategies are critically important for understanding normal variation in memory abilities.

The variability puzzle in human memory.

Memory performance exhibits a high level of variability from moment to moment. Much of this variability may reflect inadequately controlled experimental variables, such as word memorability, past practice and subject fatigue. Alternatively, stochastic variability in performance may largely reflect the efficiency of endogenous neural processes that govern memory function. To help adjudicate between these competing views, the authors conducted a multisession study in which subjects completed 552 trials of a delayed free-recall task. Applying a statistical model to predict variability in each subject's recall performance uncovered modest effects of word memorability, proactive interference, and other variables. In contrast to the limited explanatory power of these experimental variables, performance on the prior list strongly predicted current list recall. These findings suggest that endogenous factors underlying successful encoding and retrieval drive variability in performance. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved).

A spacing account of negative recency in final free recall.

The well-known recency effect in immediate free recall reverses when subjects attempt to recall items studied and tested on a series of prior lists, as in the final-free-recall procedure (Craik, 1970). In this case, the last few items on each list are actually remembered less well than are the midlist items. Because dual-store theories of recall naturally predict negative recency, this phenomenon has long been cited as evidence favoring these models. In a final-free-recall study, we replicate the negative-recency effect for the within-list serial position curve and the positive-recency effect for the between-list serial position curve. Whereas we find prominent negative recency for items recalled early in the initial recall period, this effect is markedly reduced for items recalled later in the recall period. When considering initial recall as a second presentation of studied items, we find that the probability of final free recall increases as the number of items between initial presentation and initial recall increases. These results suggest that negative recency may reflect the beneficial effects of spaced practice, in which end-of-list items recalled early constitute massed repetitions and end-of-list items recalled late are spaced repetitions. To help distinguish between the spacing account and the prevailing dual-store, rehearsal-based account, we examined negative recency in continual-distractor free recall. Contrary to the dual-store account, but in accord with the spacing account, we find robust negative recency in continual-distractor free recall, which is greater for those items recalled early in output. (PsycINFO Database Record

Socioeconomic factors as predictors of organ donation

BackgroundDespite numerous initiatives to increase solid organs for transplant, the gap between donors and recipients widens. There is little in the literature identifying socioeconomic predictors for donation. We evaluate the correlation between socioeconomic factors and familial authorization for donation. MethodsA retrospective analysis of adult potential donor referrals between 2007 and 2012 to our organ procurement organization (OPO) was performed. Potential donor information was obtained from the OPO database, death certificates, and the US Census Report. Data on demographics, education, residence, income, registry status, cause and manner of death, as well as OPO assessments and approach for donation were collected. End point was familial authorization for donation. ResultsA total of 1059 potential donors were included, with an overall authorization rate of 47%. The majority was not on the donor registry (73%). Younger donors (18-39 y: odds ratio [OR] = 4.9, P < 0.001; 40-60 y: OR = 2.1, P < 0.001), higher levels of education (college: OR = 2.5, P = 0.005; graduate studies: OR = 3.9, P = 0.002), prior listing on the donor registry (OR = 10.3, P < 0.001), and residence in counties with lower poverty rates than the US rates (OR = 1.7, P = 0.02) were independently associated with higher authorization rates. Decoupling (OR = 3.1, P < 0.001) and donation first mentioned by the local health care provider (OR = 1.8, P = 0.01) were also independently associated with higher authorization rates. ConclusionsDonor registration correlated most strongly with the highest authorization rates. These results indicate that public educational efforts in populations with unfavorable socioeconomic considerations may be beneficial in improving donor registration. Collaborations with local providers as well as OPO in-hospital assessments and approach techniques can help with improving authorization rates.

Reduced interference from memory testing: A postretrieval monitoring account.

Initial learning can interfere with subsequent learning (proactive interference [PI]), but recent work indicates initial testing can reduce PI. Here, we tested 2 alternative hypotheses of this effect: Does testing reduce PI by constraining retrieval to the target list, or by facilitating a postretrieval monitoring process? Participants first studied 4 lists of unrelated words. The study-only group performed a distractor task following each list, whereas the tested group recalled each list. After these initial lists, both groups studied and were tested on a final list. Replicating prior work, the tested group recalled more of the final list items and had fewer prior-list intrusions than the study-only group (i.e., initial testing reduced subsequent PI). To test the 2-alternative hypotheses, Experiment 1 used a modified recall test for the final list, whereby participants were asked to recall the final list of words and also report any items from prior lists that inadvertently came to mind. Contrary to the constrained retrieval hypothesis, initial testing did not reduce the number of prior list items that came to mind, but consistent with the postretrieval monitoring hypothesis, testing increased the likelihood that the intrusions would be correctly attributed to prior lists. Experiments 2 and 3 further tested the postretrieval monitoring hypothesis by testing the final list twice. According to the hypothesis, testing all of the lists should render prior testing nondiagnostic of list membership, thereby impairing retrieval monitoring in the test group and minimizing its ability to reduce PI. This prediction was confirmed. (PsycINFO Database Record

Contextually Mediated Spontaneous Retrieval Is Specific to the Hippocampus

Although it is now well established that the hippocampus supports memory encoding [1, 2], little isknown about hippocampal activity during spontaneous memory retrieval. Recent intracranial electroencephalographic (iEEG) work has shown that hippocampal activity during encoding predicts subsequent temporal organization of memories [3], supporting a role in contextual binding. It is an open question, however, whether the hippocampus similarly supports contextually mediated processes during retrieval. Here, we analyzed iEEG recordings obtained from 215 epilepsy patients as they performed a free recall task. To identify neural activity specifically associated with contextual retrieval, we compared correct recalls, intrusions (incorrect recall of either items from prior lists or items not previously studied), and deliberations (matched periods during recall when no items came to mind). Neural signals that differentiate correct recalls from both other retrieval classes reflect contextual retrieval, as correct recalls alone arise from the correct context. We found that in thehippocampus, high-frequency activity (HFA, 44-100Hz), a proxy for neural activation [4], was greater prior to correct recalls relative to the other retrieval classes, with no differentiation between intrusions and deliberations. This pattern was not observed in other memory-related cortical regions, including DLPFC, thus supporting a specific hippocampal contribution to contextually mediated memory retrieval.

Timely antibiotic administration in febrile neutropenia.

204 Background: The University of Illinois currently lacks a standard process to ensure timely antibiotic administration for patients with febrile neutropenia. The Infectious disease society of America (IDSA) guidelines recommend administration of antibiotics within two hours. Given the variability in patient encounters, we sought to implement an early identification and interventional strategy in the ambulatory setting for febrile neutropenic patients. A retrospective chart review over 10 weeks demonstrated that of 40 patients diagnosed with neutropenia 15 % (N = 6) had febrile neutropenia. Of these 6 patients, 50% (N = 3) received antibiotics within the IDSA time frame. We aimed to increase the percentage of febrile neutropenic patients receiving antibiotics within 2 hours from 50% to 100% in 8 weeks. Methods: A focus group at our quarterly morbidity mortality and improvement conference brainstormed a list of causes of delay in antibiotic initiation based on an index case discussion. A task force generated a pareto chart after affinity sorting the prior list, and created actual and ideal process maps, from identification of neutropenic patients to patient disposition. A standard operative protocol (SOP) was developed involving the creation and implementation of an electronic provider generated neutropenia check list triggering specific actions per IDSA recommendations, and a standardized order set including STAT cultures, and STAT antibiotics. Results: The febrile neutropenia SOP will be piloted over an 8 week period starting in early November in four ambulatory settings. The primary outcome data is the time from event to antibiotic administration. Process data will include time from event to antibiotic order, time from antibiotic order to administration and compliance with high risk neutropenic check list. We plan to assess our interventions every 3-4 weeks, and pilot at least 2 PDSA cycles within the next 8 weeks. Conclusions: Although febrile neutropenia is a recognized medical emergency with clear guidelines on treatment, not all patients may receive antibiotics within the appropriate time frame. It is therefore imperative for institutions to be aware of their level of IDSA compliance and implement appropriate quality improvements as required.