Prior Intention Research Articles

Neural Dynamic Principles for an Intentional Embodied Agent.

How situated embodied agents may achieve goals using knowledge is the classical question of natural and artificial intelligence. How organisms achieve this with their nervous systems is a central challenge for a neural theory of embodied cognition. To structure this challenge, we borrow terms from Searle's analysis of intentionality in its two directions of fit and six psychological modes (perception, memory, belief, intention-in-action, prior intention, desire). We postulate that intentional states are instantiated by neural activation patterns that are stabilized by neural interaction. Dynamic instabilities provide the neural mechanism for initiating and terminating intentional states and are critical to organizing sequences of intentional states. Beliefs represented by networks of concept nodes are autonomously learned and activated in response to desired outcomes. The neural dynamic principles of an intentional agent are demonstrated in a toy scenario in which a robotic agent explores an environment and paints objects in desired colors based on learned color transformation rules.

Do women with a previous unintended birth subsequently experience missed opportunities for postpartum family planning counseling? A multilevel mixed effects analysis.

Client-provider communication about family planning (FP) remains an important strategy for preventing unintended pregnancy. Yet, the literature lacks empirical studies examining whether and how women's intendedness of a recent pregnancy may impact subsequent receipt of FP counseling. We investigated whether the intendedness of a recent pregnancy is associated with subsequent missed opportunities (MOs) for FP counseling, taking into account compositional and contextual factors. We performed a secondary analysis using pooled data from the 2016, 2017 and 2018 Performance Monitoring and Accountability 2020 cross-sectional surveys conducted in Nigeria, adjusting for complex design effects. Weighted multilevel logistic regression modeling was used to examine the relationships between pregnancy intention and MOs, overall and at the health facility, using two-level random intercept models. In the analytic sample of women within 24 months postpartum (N = 6479), nearly 60% experienced MOs for FP counseling overall and even 45% of those who visited a health facility visit in the past 12 months (N = 4194) experienced MOs. In the multivariable models adjusted for individual-/household- and community-level factors, women whose recent birth was either mistimed or unwanted were just as likely to have MOs for FP counseling as their counterparts whose pregnancy was intended (p > 0.05). Factors independently associated with a MOs include individual/household level factors such as level of education, exposure to FP media, household wealth index and contextual-level variables (geographic region). While evidence that pregnancy intendedness is associated with MOs for FP counseling remains inconclusive, efforts to mitigate these MOs requires prioritizing women's prior pregnancy intentions as well as equipping healthcare providers with the capacity need to provide high-quality client-centered FP counseling, particularly for women whose recent birth was unintended.

Acceptability of virtual reality to screen for dementia in older adults

BackgroundEarly detection of dementia and cognitive decline is crucial for effective interventions and overall wellbeing. Although virtual reality (VR) tools offer potential advantages to traditional dementia screening tools, there is a lack of knowledge regarding older adults’ acceptance of VR tools, as well as the predictors and features influencing their adoption. This study aims to (i) explore older adults’ perceptions of the acceptability and usefulness of VR diagnostic tools for dementia, and (ii) identify demographic predictors of adoption and features of VR applications that contribute to future adoption among older adults.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted involving community-dwelling older adults who completed online questionnaires covering demographics, medical history, technology acceptance, previous usage, and perceived usefulness and barriers to VR adoption. Multiple linear regression was employed to assess relationships between sociodemographic factors, prior technology use, perceived ease, usefulness, and intention to adopt VR-based diagnostic tools.ResultsOlder adults (N = 77, Mage = 73.74, SD = 6.4) were predominantly female and born in English-speaking countries. Perceived usefulness of VR applications and educational attainment emerged as significant predictors of the likelihood to use VR applications for dementia screening. Generally, older adults showed acceptance of VR applications for healthcare and dementia screening. Fully immersive applications were preferred, and older adults were mostly willing to share electronic information from screening with their healthcare providers.ConclusionsThe field of research on VR applications in healthcare is expanding. Understanding the demographic characteristics of populations that stand to benefit from healthcare innovations is critical for promoting adoption of digital health technologies and mitigating its barriers to access.

La gestion paradoxale ou l’art de concilier changements délibérés et changements émergents

<p>The paradoxical approach is attracting increasing attention in management, not least because it seems suited to the turbulent, multidimensional reality of contemporary organizations. Paradox involves the coexistence of apparent contradictions in situations where opposing elements are all important, and choosing between them is not an option (Lewis and Smith, 2023). Consistent with the principles of grounded theorizing methodology, the proposed model is based on the experiences of managers who value their employees' initiative-taking. The simultaneous process of data collection and analysis was based on 21 interviews with managers from five different organizations, 76 hours of observation of management committees and four focus groups. We found that the intention to develop the ability to act (DAA) (i.e. a process that values initiative-taking by focusing on the actualization of skills) can make certain paradoxical tensions salient. More specifically, we have documented four pairs of paradoxical tensions linked to DAA: anticipation/reaction, control/autonomy, collective/individual, and stability/change. In an attempt to understand how managers cope with these tensions, we listed 16 managerial actions grouped on to four axes: alignment, empowerment, buy-in and evolution. In-depth analysis of the four pairs of tensions revealed that each has a deliberate and an emergent pole. The deliberate perspective refers to an articulated intention with a certain level of precision, control mechanisms, and collective agreement, while the emergent perspective is characterized by an absence of prior intention, openness, and responsiveness. Deliberate and emergent poles thus interact to create a constructive tension that makes the organization less vulnerable to extremes (i.e. polarization). We propose that these paradoxical tensions are interdependent, generating a dynamic equilibrium that leads to organizational evolution.</p>

Age-related changes in motor planning for prior intentions: a mouse tracking reach-to-click task.

When we complete sequential movements with different intentions, we plan our movements and adjust ahead. Such a phenomenon is called anticipatory planning for prior intentions and is known to decline with age. In daily life activities, we often need to consider and plan for multiple demands in one movement sequence. However, previous studies only considered one dimension of prior intentions, either different types of onward actions or different precisions of fit or placement. Therefore, in this study, we investigated anticipatory planning for both extrinsic (movement direction) and intrinsic (fit precision) target-related properties in a computer-based movement task and analyzed the computer cursor movement kinematics of both young and older adults. We found that older people consider and adjust for different properties step-by-step, with movement direction being considered as a prior intention during reach movement and fit precision as a motor constraint during drop movement. The age-related changes in the completion of onward actions are constrained by one's general cognitive ability, sensorimotor performance and effective motor planning for prior intentions. Age-related decline in motor planning can manifest as counterproductive movement profiles, resulting in suboptimal performance of intended actions.

Predictors of COVID-19 vaccine uptake: an online three-wave survey study of US adults

BackgroundTo effectively promote vaccine uptake, it is important to understand which people are most and least inclined to be vaccinated and why. In this study, we examined predictors of COVID-19 vaccine uptake and reasons for non-vaccination.MethodsWe conducted an online English-language survey study in December-2020, January-2021, and March-2021. A total of 930 US respondents completed all surveys. Multiple logistic regression models were run to test whether the early vaccine eligibility, demographic factors, and psychological factors predict getting at least one dose of a COVID-19 vaccination in January-2021 and in March-2021.ResultsThe proportion of respondents who received ≥ 1-dose of a COVID-19 vaccine increased from 18% (January) to 67% (March). Older age predicted vaccine uptake in January (OR = 2.02[95%CI = 1.14–3.78], p < .001) and March (10.92[6.76–18.05], p < .001). In January, additional predictors were higher numeracy (1.48[1.20–1.86], p < .001), COVID-19 risk perceptions (1.35[1.03–1.78], p = .029), and believing it is important adults get the COVID-19 vaccine (1.66[1.05–2.66], p = .033). In March, additional predictors of uptake were believing it is important adults get the COVID-19 vaccine (1.63[1.15–2.34], p = .006), prior COVID-19 vaccine intentions (1.37[1.10–1.72], p = .006), and belief in science (0.84[0.72–0.99], p = .041). Concerns about side effects and the development process were the most common reasons for non-vaccination. Unvaccinated respondents with no interest in getting a COVID-19 vaccine were younger (0.27[0.09–0.77], p = .016), held negative views about COVID-19 vaccines for adults (0.15[0.08–0.26], p < .001), had lower trust in healthcare (0.59[0.36–0.95], p = .032), and preferred to watch and wait in clinically ambiguous medical situations (0.66[0.48–0.89], p = .007).ConclusionsEvidence that attitudes and intentions towards COVID-19 vaccines were important predictors of uptake provides validation for studies using these measures and reinforces the need to develop strategies for addressing safety and development concerns which remain at the forefront of vaccine hesitancy.

Cigarette and E-Cigarette Harm Perceptions During Pregnancy.

Research suggests that pregnancy status (prior, current, and future intention) is associated with differences in perceived harm of electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use during pregnancy. However, perceptions of health outcomes attributed to cigarette and e-cigarette use during pregnancy have not been explored among a sample of pregnant women who smoke. The purpose of this study was to explore differences in perceived harms of cigarette and e-cigarette use and perceived birth and health outcomes associated with cigarette and e-cigarette use during pregnancy among a sample of pregnant women who currently smoked. Using a cross-sectional online survey, we examined perceptions about cigarette and e-cigarette use during pregnancy among a sample of U.S. pregnant women ( n = 267) who smoked in the past 30 days. Participants were grouped into categories based on e-cigarette use status (current, past, and never e-cigarette users). Differences between e-cigarette use status and perceived harm (absolute of cigarettes, e-cigarettes, and relative of e-cigarettes) and perceived health outcomes attributed to smoking/e-cigarette use were examined. Among our sample, 45.7%, 39.7%, and 14.6% were current, ever, and never e-cigarette users, respectively. Associations existed between e-cigarette use status and absolute perceived harm of cigarettes, relative perceived harm of e-cigarettes, and perceived health outcomes. Current e-cigarette users believed pregnant women who smoked cigarettes were more likely to lose a child because of miscarriage or sudden infant death syndrome or give birth to a child with low birth weight, reduced lung function, cleft lip, reduced brain function, or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder than never e-cigarette users. No associations were found between perceived birth and health outcomes of e-cigarette use by e-cigarette user status. Pregnant women who smoked and used e-cigarettes had lower risk perceptions about e-cigarette use during pregnancy than those who only smoked. Health messages and research about the harms of nicotine exposure during pregnancy should address the risks of dual-use versus only e-cigarette use. In addition, messages about the relative harm of e-cigarettes compared to cigarettes are needed for pregnant women who smoke and have trouble quitting.

Online antecedents for young consumers’ impulse buying behavior

Acting on a sudden urge to purchase something without a prior intention or plan to do so and without considering its long-term effects is regarded as impulse buying behavior. The convenience and automatization of online and mobile shopping have made impulsive purchases increasingly easier. In addition, targeted online advertisements, and presence of brands on social media networks may tempt consumers to make hasty purchase decisions. Thus, there is a call for more research on how consumer-related factors and digital environment facilitate impulsive purchases. Based on a survey of 2318 respondents from 18- to 29-year-olds in Finland, we examined young adults’ impulse buying behavior from the perspective of self-control and persuasion in online environments. The findings suggest that low self-control not only directly enables impulsive purchasing, but also does so by fostering positive attitude toward targeted advertisements and the impulsiveness within social networks. Furthermore, a positive disposition towards targeted advertisements renders consumers more susceptible to the impulsiveness of social networks, encompassing the impact of recommendations and product displays on social media. Finally, we offer guidance on how the teaching of self-control and online media literacy can strengthen the resistance to persuasion in online environments and decrease the tendency to engage in impulse buying behavior.

UiTM Student's Intention to Use Online Delivery Services in Malaysia

Online food delivery services in Malaysia nowadays are becoming more critical. The rise of technology and mobile devices significantly influenced the hospitality industry in general and restaurants in terms of food ordering. The technique of placing an order for meals through the internet is known as online food ordering. They are using a website or mobile app that serves many restaurants. In the era of technology, people can only use devices that are more accessible to them. This study aimed to study UiTM students' intention to use online food delivery (OFD) in Malaysia. Thus, 413 respondents participated in this study, and the study employed a quantitative method. The survey constructs five factors, time-saving (TS), price-saving (PS), perceived usefulness (PU), prior online purchase experience (POPE) and intention to use (ITU). This study's findings indicate a positive relationship between price saving, perceived usefulness and prior online purchase experience toward students' intention to use online food delivery services.

The impacts of priority settings at the start of COVID-19 mass vaccination on subsequent vaccine uptake in Japan: One-year prospective cohort study.

Distributing COVID-19 vaccines to the people was an important task for the governments of each country. Due to various limitations, priority settings for vaccination were determined at the launch of mass vaccination. However, trends between vaccine intention and uptake, and reasons for getting vaccinated, or not getting vaccinated among these groups were understudied, undermining verification of the legitimacy of the selection of priority. (1) To illustrate a trend from prior COVID-19 vaccine intention, when the vaccine was not available, to the actual uptake within one year when all residents have access to vaccine; (2) To illustrate a change of reason for getting vaccinated or not getting vaccinated; (3) To examine whether priority settings predicted subsequent vaccination uptake. Prospective cohort online self-administered surveys were conducted in Japan at three timepoints: February 2021, September-October 2021, and February 2022. In total, 13,555 participants (53.1 years old on average) provided valid responses, with 52.1% follow-up rate. Based on the information obtained in February 2021, healthcare workers (n = 831), people aged 65 years or older (n =4,048), and those aged 18-64 years with underlying medical conditions (n = 1,659) were identified as three types of priority group. The remainder were treated as a non-priority group (n = 7,017). Modified Poisson regression analysis with a robust error estimated risk ratio for COVID-19 vaccine uptake after adjusting for socioeconomic background, health-seeking behavior, attitude toward vaccines, and COVID-19 infection history. In February 2021, 38.2% of the total respondents said they had intention to receive the vaccination. In February 2022, 11.6% completed the third dose and 78.1% completed the second dose vaccination. Prior vaccine intention and subsequent vaccine coverage rates were higher in the priority groups. Protection of themselves and their families from potential infection was the most frequent reason for getting vaccinated, while concern about side effects was the most frequent reason to be hesitant across the groups. Risk ratios for receiving, reserved, or intended for vaccination in February 2022 were 1.05 (95% Confidence Interval: 1.03, 1.07) for the healthcare worker group, 1.02 (95% Confidence Interval: 1.005, 1.03) for the elderly group, and 1.01 (95% Confidence Interval: 0.999, 1.03) for the pre-exiting conditions group compared to the non-priority group. Prior intention for vaccination and confidence in vaccines were strong predictors for vaccine uptake. The priority settings at the start of the COVID-19 vaccination program had a significant impact on the vaccine coverage one year later. The vaccination priority group achieved higher vaccination coverage in February 2022. There was a room to improve among the non-priority group. This study's findings are essential for policymakers in Japan and other countries to develop effective vaccination strategies for future pandemics.

DCARS: Deep context-aware recommendation system based on session latent context

Recommendation systems (RSs) usually create suggestions based on users’ prior intentions. Users’ interests may evolve due to context change or user-mode change. Discovering such a change is crucial for producing personalized suggestions. Traditional approaches assume that each user has a fixed preference. On the contrary, context-aware recommendation systems (CARSs) use contextual information to detect user intention changes. However, applying contextual information is the main challenge in CARSs, because it is not always feasible to achieve all the users’ contextual information. Furthermore, adding different contexts to RSs grows its dimensionality in multiple applications. Besides, existing CARSs cannot precisely obtain the hierarchical relationships between items and contexts items that influence users’ intentions. They often use short-term interest with either static long-term preference in the recommendation process. To alleviate the mentioned challenges, we propose a novel deep context-aware recommendation system (DCARS) to capture and incorporate user preferences changes in the recommendation process. The proposed method models the latent context among selected items in each session throughout users’ historical interactions and combines users’ short-term and long-term preferences to generate recommendations. Specifically, we suggest a DCARS based on latent representations of sessions derived from users’ activities. The experiment results on benchmark context-aware data sets show that the proposed DCARS model surpasses state-of-the-art approaches.

How message appeals and prior product use influence information processing, risk perceptions, trust, attitudes, and genetic test purchase intentions.

Within the direct-to-consumer (DTC) genetic test industry, attracting customers can be difficult especially due to the highly sensitive nature of these products. How these tests are communicated to consumers may be one avenue in which companies can impact customer purchase intentions. A 2 (message sidedness: one-way vs. two-way refutational) x 2 (hedging: present vs. absent) between-subjects experiment was conducted to understand how message features and prior product use influence information processing, risk and trust perceptions, and attitude toward the genetic test, which in turn, may influence direct-to-consumer (DTC) genetic test purchase intentions. Results demonstrated that having used a genetic test in the past predicted participants' trust in the company, information processing, and risk judgments; however, among those who used a genetic test, viewing a message that included hedging tended to increase their trust in the message. Trust in the message and company, information processing, and risk judgments significantly predicted participants' attitudes toward genetic testing, which in turn predicted their purchase intentions. The results suggest that in the context of DTC genetic test messaging, practitioners should strive to increase consumer trust in the message and the company and facilitate information processing, and they should work to diminish perceived risk. These results suggest opportunities for identifying other message features that may influence message and company trust, information processing, risk judgments, and attitudes related to DTC genetic testing.

Divine Action and Emergence: An Alternative to Panentheism

Divine Action and Emergence: An Alternative to Panentheism

Factors in intention to get the COVID-19 vaccine change over time: Evidence from a two-wave U.S. study

Public responses to the risks of both a novel emerging pandemic and of getting vaccinated against that disease affect both population health and wider societal relations, as illustrated by the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to identify factors – including demographics, beliefs and attitudes about COVID-19 and its vaccines, trust of authorities – associated with vaccination intentions, as prior pandemic studies did not converge on explanations, and potential factors from risk analysis remained untested. It also tested whether and how such associations changed over time, as previous cross-sectional studies could not assess whether prior intentions entirely determined later intentions. A nationally representative sample of Americans was surveyed in late October 2020 (n = 1028), before vaccines became available in the U.S., and in February 2021 (n = 803), when 11% of U.S. residents had been vaccinated. The survey instrument asked about vaccination intentions and hypothesised factors in both waves. Perceived vaccine attributes (efficacy, riskiness, affect, dread), seasonal flu vaccination experience, and trust in authorities and belief in conspiracy theories were the strongest factors overall, particularly in Wave 2 (with Wave 1 intentions as a control); demographics were stronger factors when COVID-19 vaccines were still hypothetical. The strongest factors in vaccination intention concerned vaccine experience and vaccine beliefs and attitudes potentially influenced by education, and by trust and belief in conspiracy theories, likely more resistant to change. Further use of this novel longitudinal design, which revealed moderate differences in intention-predictive factors over time, is warranted in future research on vaccine hesitancy.

“Sketching With My Mind”: The Role of Prior Intentions and Intentions in Action for the Creative Process of Design

Abstract This study investigates the effects of prior intentions and intentions in action during the initial stage of a process of design in search of correlations between these cognitive processes and the quality of the design outcomes. We found that the quality of the outcomes was not influenced by sketching. Nevertheless, most of the participants said that they preferred sketching, and their verbal reports can be seen as indicative of the formation of prior intentions. Therefore, we argue that prior intentions have an important role even within a process of pure material engagement. This has important implications for understanding the active role of human agency and our capacity to form prior intentions with pragmatic effects in the world.

The Structure of Agentive Awareness in Kent Bach’s Representational Theory of Action

This paper analyzes Kent Bach’s representational theory of action, one of the causal theories of action. Bach’s theory sets requirements not only for the cause of an action, but also for how it unfolds in time and transitions into another action. These requirements suggest a sequential emergence of two components of the agent’s action awareness: the representation of the prepared movement and the perception of its sensory consequences. Bach introduces the concepts of “effective representation” (ER) and “receptive representation” (RR) to denote these components of awareness. According to representational theory, action has a cyclic three-step causal structure, where ER is the cause of a movement, the movement is the cause of RR, and RR is the cause of ER of subsequent movement. In constructing his theory, Bach tries to take into account the problem of deviant causal chains and to introduce the so-called minimal actions into the purview of the philosophy of action. Relying on the behavioral data on blindfolded deafferentated patients, in this paper I argue that RRs are not a necessary element of action. I also analyze Bach’s distinction between ER and RR and compare it with J. Searle’s approach, placing Bach’s theory within the context of studies of the structure of intentional states. I show that Bach’s theory occupies a unique position among views on the structure of action awareness. At the same time, I conclude that the frameworks of Bach and Searle are insufficient for describing the metaphysical difference between the two kinds of intentional states, and I also point out the difficulties facing the notion of ER. Based on this reasoning and the data on deafferentated patients, I propose a modification of the causal structure of action proposed by Bach, making a remark about the inadequate definition of ER. In the proposed modification, RR and the agent’s prior intention serve as alternative components of action awareness.

The plan of land use decentralised participatory tool between legal text and reality - case of the land use plan for the new urban residential area (NURA01) of the city of M'sila - Algeria

The land use plan is one of the new reconstruction tools through which the Algerian State seeks to distribute roles between the central authority and the local community represented by the governorate and the municipality, respectively. The decentralization and the participation when preparing the land use plan help strengthen the dialogue between the state and population representatives, facilitate the decision-making and improve the management of local affairs, As a result, projects that elevate and meet the society requirements are of a higher efficiency. In this perspective, this research aims at identifying the indicators of decentralization and participation at the stage of preparation of the land use plan, and monitoring them in real based on a descriptive analytical approach. The results of this study demonstrated that there is unilateralism in the preparation of the land use plan through the existence of a prior intention from Municipality and of M'sila to impose their vision, while other Institutions are neglected.

Changes in university students' behavioral intention to learn online throughout the COVID-19: Insights for online teaching in the post-pandemic era.

Many researchers investigated university students’ behavioural intention to undertake online courses during COVID. However, few examined how students’ intention might change throughout COVID by incorporating their learning capability and approaches. The universities in China went through a process from lockdown in February to reopening in September 2020. It provided a unique context for university students in China to experience emergent online learning for approximately six months before returning to normal face-to-face or blended learning on campus. The researchers conducted a questionnaire survey among 193 Chinese university students to investigate the changes in their behavioral intention to learn online throughout COVID. Additionally, the researchers explored the relationships between the participants’ behavioral intention and the factors of learning capability in general, application of specific online learning strategies, online course engagement levels, and academic performance. It was found that the participants’ intention to study online significantly increased during COVID and then slightly decreased after the university reopened. The participants’ intention of online learning after COVID was predicted by their prior intention, learning capability, application of online learning strategies, and online course engagement. The participants’ perceptions about online learning revealed that, when choosing future course delivery modes, they would a) reflect on their own disposition, capability, and needs, b) compare different learning modes, and c) examine course quality and teachers’ competency. The participants also shared advice regarding their expectation of future online courses which may help shape university educators’ pedagogical practices and provide insights for university online and blended course delivery from learners’ perspectives.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10639-022-11320-0.

Who gets persuaded? The heterogeneity of campaign effects in the Brexit referendum

Political contexts affect the degree to which traditional campaign methods like door knocking and leafleting affect referendum outcomes. Campaign methods are most effective when issues are of low salience and political parties provide unified cues to their supporters. In this paper, I draw on Zaller’s model of opinion formation to derive some theoretical expectations about the effectiveness of campaign contact in referendum campaigns when the issue is highly salient but the political parties provide mixed cues, arguing that prior voting intention, rather than partisan identity, should affect receptiveness to campaign messages. I test these expectations with regression analysis of British Election Study panel data, using propensity score matching to mitigate selection bias. My results suggest that the effects of campaigning during the Brexit referendum were mostly small, but differed significantly according to an individual’s political attention and, contrary to the theoretical expectations, their partisan identity.

Framing Effects on US Adults’ Reactions to COVID-19 Public Health Messages: Moderating Role of Source Trust

Increasing politicization of health guidance and fluctuating trust in public health institutions have challenged effective coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) public health communication in the United States. Applying the extended parallel process model, this research reports findings from two online survey experiments conducted at different points in the pandemic regarding two advocated risk reduction behaviors. Analyses test US adults’ emotional and argument strength reactions to experimental tweets attributed to the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) and Prevention which vary with regards to advocated behavior (social distancing; vaccination), emotional appeal, wellbeing orientation (individual vs. collective), and content frame (health vs. economic outcomes). Trust in the CDC is treated as a potential moderator. Results of path analyses indicated that emotional appeal and content frame had little impact on emotional or cognitive responses to the social distancing tweets, though unvaccinated adults with low trust in the CDC experienced greater hope and fear responses to tweets emphasizing collective benefits of vaccination. Hope reactions in both studies predicted greater perceived response efficacy for the advocated behavior, particularly among those with low CDC trust, while message annoyance undermined efficacy among low trust participants. Particularly among adults with low trust in the CDC, fear reactions led to reduced efficacy. Perceived efficacy of vaccination predicted greater intention to receive a COVID-19 vaccine, controlling for prior intention. Messages which inspire hope with regards to risk reduction behaviors and include sound arguments may be more motivating than fear-appeal messages, particularly among individuals with low levels of trust in public health institutions.