Prior Ethical Approval Research Articles

Acetabular fracture in India: An epidemiological study

IntroductionAcetabular fractures, resulting from high-energy trauma, present significant orthopaedic challenges. Despite their rarity, the incidence of these fractures is rising, necessitating a comprehensive understanding of their epidemiological characteristics, especially in diverse populations like India. MethodsThis retrospective study analyzed data from 3643 patients across four level-1 trauma centers in India (North 1, North 2, West, and South) from January 2001 to December 2019. Prior ethical approval was obtained from the respective institutions. Data were collected using the computerized patient record system (CPRS) and included patients with complete clinical and radiological records. Only patients with full radiological data were included, comprising standard anteroposterior radiograph, Judet views on radiographs, and computed tomography scan of the pelvis. The study evaluated the demographic characteristics, fracture patterns and surgical approaches. ResultsThe majority of patients were males (84.05 %) and the fractures were mostly seen in young individuals between 19 and 40 years’ age group (44.9 %), followed by 41–60 years (42.3 %). Associated bony or other system injuries were seen in 53.42 % of patients, with pelvic injuries being the most common (9.8 %). Posterior wall fractures were the most frequent (20.7 %), while anterior wall fractures were the least common (0.8 %). Operative management was employed in 82 % of cases, with the Kocher-Langenbeck approach being the most commonly employed (42.5 %). ConclusionHigh-velocity trauma remains the commonest cause of acetabular trauma in India, primarily affecting young male individuals. Pelvic fractures are the most commonly associated injuries. Posterior wall fractures are the commonest type of acetabular fracture, and the Kocher-Langenbeck approach is the commonly adopted surgical approach.

Factors associated with the quality of corneas retrieved for transplantation by Eye Banks: a scoping review protocol

IntroductionThe cornea is an avascular and transparent layer of connective tissue crucial to retinal image quality. Diseases can impair its quality, affecting vision. Keratoplasty is the only therapy capable of...

IJCM_258A: Perceptions regarding mid-day meal programme among parents of government school children in rural field practice area of a government medical college a cross sectional study.

Background: Mid - Day Meal Scheme (MDMS) renamed as PM POSHAN in 2021 is aiding 11.80 crore children studying in 11.20 lakhs schools across the country making it the largest school feeding programme in the world. This study was intended to know the opinion of parents of children going to government schools regarding mid - day meal. Objectives: 1. To study the perceptions of parents regarding Mid -Day Meal Scheme. 2. To identify the barriers for non-consumption of Mid - day meals. Methodology: Study Design Cross - sectional study Sampling Systematic Random Sampling Study setting “Rural Field Practice Area of a Government medical college. Study Period November - December 2023 Inclusion criteria Parents and Guardians who gave written informed consent. Exclusion criteria Parents who could not respond due to mental problems. Ethical Prior ethical approval was taken from Institutional Ethics Committee. Data collection and analysis data collection was done using pre-designed semi structured questionnaire and analyzed using Excel and SPSS software. Results: Mean age of the respondents (parent) was 33±7SD. Majority (72.9%) of the respondents were mothers. 59.4% of parents perceived that quality of MDM was good. It was found that overall satisfaction among parents regarding MDM was 65%. More than two thirds (67.5%) of parents felt that MDM has improved their childs school performance. Conclusion: Most of the parents were satisfied about the quality of mid - day meal and few parents agreed that MDM has encouraged parents to send their children to school. Most of the parents agreed that MDM is beneficial and should be continued

Community-based interventions targeting multiple forms of malnutrition among adolescents in low-income and middle-income countries: protocol for a scoping review

BackgroundAdolescent malnutrition is a significant public health challenge in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs), with long-term consequences for health and development. Community-based interventions have the potential to address multiple forms...

Increased Pill Burden and Adverse Effects of Psychotropics Correlated with Poor Quality of Life and Medication Nonadherence: A Cross-sectional Drug Utilization Study at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Delhi during COVID-19 Pandemic.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led to an increase in mental health problems such as depression and anxiety. This study aims to investigate the prescribing pattern of psychotropic drugs in patients with common mental disorders which might be altered during the pandemic and also whether the pandemic could alter their quality of life (QOL) and medication adherence. After prior ethical approval, a descriptive cross-sectional drug utilization study (DUS) of 200 prescriptions was undertaken to evaluate the pattern of psychotropic drug usage as per WHO (World Health Organization)/International Network of Rational Use of Drugs (INRUD) guidelines. The correlation of the average number of drugs per prescription with QOL was observed. The correlation of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) with medication adherence was also analyzed. The average number of drugs per prescription during the pre-COVID-19 and COVID-19 period was estimated to be 2.48 and 2.96. The percentage of drugs prescribed by generic name in the two different periods (pre-COVID-19 and COVID-19) was 97.40 and 95.77%. The percentage of drugs prescribed from the list of essential medicines was 89.40 and 85.12%, respectively. The percentage of prescriptions with injections was 0.45% and 0.53%, respectively for the two periods. The QOL during the COVID-19 pandemic was found to be negatively correlated to the average number of drugs per prescription (correlation coefficient = -0.61) and medication adherence was found to be poor in patients who developed ADRs with the drugs prescribed (p-value of 0.001). In the tertiary care hospital described, rational drug prescribing was followed. Increase in the number of drugs per prescription was found to be associated with poor QOL and the development of ADRs led to medication nonadherence in the patients. Further studies with larger sample sizes are needed to confirm these results. How to cite this article: Kumar A, Halder S, Srivastava S, et al. Increased Pill Burden and Adverse Effects of Psychotropics Correlated with Poor Quality of Life and Medication Nonadherence: A Cross-sectional Drug Utilization Study at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Delhi during COVID-19 Pandemic. J Assoc Physicians India 2023;71(9):14-18.

Predictive performance of the STarT Back tool for poor outcomes in patients with low back pain: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis

IntroductionSubgroups for Targeted Treatment Back Tool (SBT) is a brief multiple-construct risk prediction tool for patients with low back pain (LBP). Thus far, the predictive ability of this tool has...

Effect of school-based nutrition interventions among primary school children in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review protocol

IntroductionPreadolescents are passing through an intensive growth and development period that will benefit from healthy eating practices. For those attending school, school environments offer several potential benefits and have been...

Use of Shockwave® intravascular lithotripsy in the treatment of calcific peripheral vascular disease of the crural vessels: a protocol for a systematic review

Background: The prevalence of chronic limb-threatening ischaemia due to crural peripheral arterial disease is increasing. Crural disease can be challenging to treat with angioplasty and is associated with poorer patient outcomes. Intravascular lithotripsy (IVL) is a novel technique that uses acoustic waves to target arterial wall calcification, causing microfractures and increasing lumen gain. It has shown promising results in early clinical trials. This is a protocol for a systematic review of the studies on the use of IVL in the treatment of calcified crural vessels. Methods: A systematic review will be conducted on the use of IVL in patients with calcified crural lesions in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. A search of OVID Medline and EMBASE databases will be carried out for studies of patients with crural peripheral arterial disease undergoing endovascular revascularisation, where IVL was part of the procedure. The primary endpoint of the review will be the safety of IVL, defined as the rate of Major Adverse Limb Events (MALE) and Major Adverse Cardiac Events (MACE). The efficacy of IVL will be the secondary outcome and will be evaluated in terms of technical and clinical outcomes. The Rayyan web tool for systematic reviews will be used for study screening and selection. Data extraction will be performed using a dedicated Excel spreadsheet. The risk of bias of included studies will be assessed using tools recommended by Cochrane for randomised and non-randomised studies. The assessment of evidence quality and strength of recommendation will be performed using the GRADE approach. Ethics and dissemination: This is a systematic review and meta-analysis of published literature data and does not require prior ethical approval. Requests for unpublished data from authors of included studies will comply with the UK General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). We aim to disseminate the results of this study in peer-reviewed journals and conferences.

Dual Antiplatelet Therapy in Patients Aged 75 Years and Older with Coronary Artery Disease: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review.

Objectives This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluates the safety and efficacy of dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) in elderly patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Background The safety and efficacy of DAPT in elderly patients with ACS is not well characterized. Methods We performed a systematic literature review to identify clinical studies that reported safety and efficacy outcomes after DAPT for ACS in elderly patients. The primary outcomes of primary efficacy endpoint rates and bleeding event rates were reported as random effects risk ratio (RR) with 95% confidence interval. No prior ethical approval was required since all data are public. Results Our search yielded 660 potential studies. We included 8 studies reporting on 29,217 patients. There was a higher risk of bleeding event rates in elderly patients treated with prasugrel or ticagrelor when compared to clopidogrel with a risk ratio of 1.17 (95% CI 1.08 to 1.27, p < 0.05). There was no difference in primary efficacy endpoint rates between elderly patients treated with prasugrel or ticagrelor when compared to clopidogrel with a risk ratio of 0.85 (95% CI 0.68 to 1.07, p=0.17). Conclusions This systematic review and meta-analysis suggests that DAPT with prasugrel or ticagrelor compared to clopidogrel is associated with a higher risk of bleeding events in elderly patients with ACS. There was no difference in the primary efficacy endpoints between the two treatment groups.

Pervasiveness of Depression among Students in Medical Colleges of Majmaah University, KSA

Background: Depression is a mental condition that is defined by chronic melancholy and a loss of interest in things that a person generally enjoys, as well as an inability to carry out everyday tasks for at least two weeks. "Students cope with a multitude of difficulties at college, including new lifestyle, friends, roommates, exposure to different cultures and alternate ways of thinking, and, at times, financial troubles. Students who do not feel capable or equipped to cope with the unfamiliar atmosphere of a college campus are more likely to develop depression. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of depression among students in medical colleges of Majmaah University, Al Majmaah Saudi Arabia and to measure the rates of depression among students. Material and methods: This was a cross-sectional, observational study done on the medical students of Majmaah University in year 2019-2020. Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21), along with a pretested pre-coded Socio demographic, questionnaire was used. Prior ethical approval was taken from the institutional review board. Participants’ anonymity was ensured. Sample Type used was Multi stage Stratified sampling and sample size was 369 students. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 20. Results: A total of 369 students took part in the study out of which 185 (51%) were females and 184(49%) were males. After analysis it was found that only 14.9% of students were free from depression, 49.6% students had symptoms of mild depression, 21.7% had symptoms correlating with moderate depression and 13.8% students had severe depression symptoms. Moreover female students were found to have more percentage of moderate and severe depressive symptoms than the male students. Conclusion: Depression is quite prevalent among students in medical colleges of Majmaah University with more students falling under the category of mild to moderate depression. Females have more symptoms of depression than male students. There is need for proper mental health screening programs at community level to help the students to cope up with depression. Keywords: Depression, prevalence, university students, medical college

Research and publication ethics knowledge and practices in the health and life sciences: Findings from an exploratory survey

We sought to examine the levels of awareness, preferences, experiences, and practices of researchers in the health and life sciences regarding research and publication ethics. A questionnaire was deployed on the Google Forms to a global audience. Reminder emails and WhatsApp messages containing a brief description and a link to the online survey were sent out through the various platforms until no new responses were received after three reminders. Only 36.7% of study participants were aware of the ICMJE authorship criteria. Less than a quarter (22.0%) of the respondents were aware about the existence of an ethics code. Respondents’ experience with their most recent ethics approval application was poor (11.4%), good (36.0%), and excellent (4.2%) respectively. The practice of research teams to include authors with no or limited significant contribution to an article was frequent (44.3%), common (29.5%), systematic (10.6%). Over 41.7% of the respondents had ever conducted a study involving human research subjects without prior ethical approval. Respondents experience with their most recent ethics approval application was poor (11.4%), good (36.0%), and excellent (4.2%) respectively. Major challenges in obtaining ethical approval were: too much bureaucracy (47.3%), ethical approval application cost (5.3%), and unduly long review turnaround in receiving feedback and decisions (3.8%). Most respondents (83.0%) worked in institutions that hosted a research an ethics committee. Less than half (42.4%) of the respondents had been formerly trained in publication ethics. Ethical misconduct such as having no ethical approval prior to conducting a study, gift and ghost authorships were unacceptably high. Formal training in research and publication ethics should be institutionalized in the courses in universities and research institutions. Academic journals and funders have the duty to support researchers to uphold research ethics and research integrity standards. Institutionalization and awareness raising regarding these best practices are highly needed.

Effects of obesity-related inflammatory markers on psychosomatic manifestations of premenstrual tension syndrome: towards better therapeutic outcomes (An original article)

Background: Obesity-induced inflammation facilitates depression and premenstrual tension syndrome. Hypoxia is a common feature of inflammation. Hypoxia inducible factors adapt cells to low oxygen tension and inflammation. Objectives: We aimed to see how obesity, along with Amiloride, Hydrochlorothiazide, Metformin, calorie restriction, and walking exercise, affected psychosomatic characteristics of premenstrual tension syndrome, during a six-month period.Patients and methods: A prior ethical committee approval and informed patients’ consent were taken. This study was performed in Tanta University, Egypt from May 2019 to December 2019. This study aims at evaluating the effects of obesity-induced inflammatory mediators on psychosomatic effects in women having premenstrual tension syndrome. Effects of combined therapy using (Metformin, Amiloride. Hydrochloride/ Hydrochlorthiazide, caloric restriction, half an hour of walking exercise per day, and Vitazinc capsules) treatment was compared to the same combined therapy including Royal vitamin G treatment (instead of Vitazinc) on alleviating psychosomatic manifestations of premenstrual tension syndrome. Sixty obese women having premenstrual tension syndrome were categorized into younger age group (18-39 years) and older age (40-48 years) versus a non-obese age-matched control group. Body mass index in addition to serum tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF- α), hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and receptor activator of nuclear factor- kappa-Β ligand (RANKL) were assessed. Related psychosomatic manifestations of premenstrual tension syndrome (edema, anxiety, and fatigue) were also assessed. Results: Obesity significantly increased serum TNF-α (p < 0.01), HIF-1 α (p < 0.01) and RANKL (p < 0.01). Obesity-induced biochemical effects were higher in older obese women than younger ones. Obesity significantly exaggerated the severity of investigated psychosomatic manifestations (p < 0.001). Both combined therapies (including either Vitazinc or Royal vitamin G) significantly and dramatically decreased the percentage of cases having psychosomatic manifestations (p < 0.001) that was closely related to the decreased serum biochemical parameters. Conclusion: Combined therapy containing Royal vitamin G significantly improved serum biochemical parameters and psychosomatic manifestations better than combined therapy containing Vitazinc.

Prevalence of Dyslipidemia in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus (DM), a chronic metabolic noncommunicable disease (NCD), has assumed epidemic proportions worldwide. Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is defined as chronic high blood glucose levels due to the deficiency of insulin or resistance to it. Dyslipidemia is one of the major causes of cardiovascular diseases in patients with T2D. It is characterized by elevated plasma triglyceride (TG), low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and high low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, which is mostly present in patients with DM.Methods: We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study at the King Faisal University (KFU) Health Center in the eastern region of Saudi Arabia. The data of patients from October 2014 to February 2021 were collected. We collected the patients’ data from the KFU Health Center after obtaining approval from the KFU polyclinic administration. Prior ethical approval was taken from the Institutional Review Board of Ethics and Research Committee in the College of Medicine, KFU (approval number, 2020-10-62). We collected patients’ data, including their gender, age, nationality, and blood analysis (lipids profile - TGs, HDL, LDL, and hemoglobin A1c [HbA1c] levels).Result: This study included 191 patients with T2D, 137 (71.7%) were from Saudi Arabia, and 54 (28.3%) were from other countries. Patients’ age ranged from 21 to 100 years, with a mean age of 56.2 ± 11.8 years. There were 107 (56%) females. Cholesterol levels ranged from 102 to 300 mg/dl with a mean value of 187.3 mg/dl.Conclusion: In the current study, we assessed the association between HbA1c levels and lipid profiles in patients with T2D at the KFU Health Center in the eastern region of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Our results on the adjusted relationship of HbA1c with lipid profile through regression model have demonstrated that HDL alone had significant adjusted relation with HbA1c if other factors are kept constant. We suggest focusing on TC and HDL levels in T2D health management in future studies.

Comparison of Endoscopic Sinus Surgery and Continued Medical Treatment Therapy for Refractory Chronic Rhinosinusitis

Aim: To compare endoscopic sinus surgery and continued medical treatment in refractory refractory chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) patients regarding diseases specific quality of life measurement Study design: RCT (Randomized controlled trial) Place and duration of study: Study was conducted at ENT (Ear, nose and throat) department, Railway Hospital Rawalpindi. Study duration was one year (January 2018-Deecember 2018) Methods: A sample size of 22 patients was calculated using WHO calculator. Non probability consecutive sampling was used. A prior ethical approval and consent form was taken. Patients were randomly divided into two groups; Group A was given medical therapy while Group B comprised contain patients in whom medical therapy failed and had undergone endoscopic sinus surgery. Patients were followed for disease specific quality of life scores. Data was analyzed using SPSS version22. Chi-square and t test was applied. P value ≤ 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Total of 22 refractory CRS patients were included in study. There were 10(45.5%) males and 12(54.5%) females. Mean age of refractory CRS patients was 33.4 years±6.2SD. Group A (continued medical therapy) N=11, had significantly high SNOTT -22 scores 60.6±7.1SD as compared to endoscopic sinus surgery 21±3.9SD (p=0.000). Group B (endoscopic sinus surgery) had significantly low endoscopic scores 2.7±0.3SD as compared to group A (continued medical therapy) 7.14±0.53SD (p=0.000). Endoscopic sinus surgery group showed significant reduction in work days lost 17.4±4.9SD as compared to continued medical therapy (Group A) 30.1±2.5SD (p=0.000). Conclusion: Endoscopic sinus surgery is an effective treatment option as compared to continued medical therapy with improved quality of life in refractory CRS patients (with reduced baseline disease specific quality of life). Keywords: Refractory chronic rhinosinusitis, endoscopic sinus surgery, quality of life

Direct oral anticoagulants in patients with atrial fibrillation and bioprosthetic valve replacement: A meta-analysis.

This systematic review and meta-analysis compares direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) versus vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) in patients with atrial fibrillation and bioprosthetic valve replacement or repair (BVR). The optimal anticoagulation therapy for patients with atrial fibrillation and a history of bioprosthetic valve replacement or repair (BVR) is not well understood. We performed a systematic literature review to identify clinical studies that compared anticoagulation therapies for patients with atrial fibrillation and BVR. The primary outcomes of stroke, major bleeding, and mortality were reported as random effects risk ratio (RR) with 95% confidence interval. No prior ethical approval was required since all data is public. Our search yielded 101 potential studies. We included six studies reporting on 1911 patients. There was a lower risk of stroke and major bleeding in patients with atrial fibrillation after BVR treated with DOACs when compared to VKAs with risk ratios of 0.44 (95% CI 0.24-0.82, p < 0.01) and 0.53 (95% CI 0.34-0.83, p < 0.01), respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in mortality between patients with atrial fibrillation after BVR treated with DOACs compared to patients treated with VKAs with a risk ratio of 1.12 (95% CI 0.73-1.74, p=0.60). This systematic review and meta-analysis suggests that DOACs are superior to VKAs with respect to stroke and major bleeding in patients with atrial fibrillation and BVR.

Arm Based on LEg blood pressures (ABLE-BP): can systolic leg blood pressure measurements predict systolic brachial blood pressure? Protocol for an individual participant data meta-analysis from the INTERPRESS-IPD Collaboration

IntroductionBlood pressure (BP) is normally measured on the upper arm, and guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of high BP are based on such measurements. Leg BP measurement can be...

COVID-19 and Tobacco Cessation: Lessons from India

Background: The Government of India prohibited the sale of tobacco products during COVID-19 lockdown to prevent its spread. This study assessed the tobacco cessation behaviour and its predictors among adult tobacco users during the initial COVID-19 lockdown period in India.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 801 adult tobacco users in two urban metropolitan cities of India over two months (July-August 2020). The study assessed complete tobacco cessation during the lockdown period and quit attempts. Logistic and negative binomial regression models were used to study correlates of tobacco cessation and quit attempts respectively.Findings: Out of the total sample, 90 (11Conclusion: Access restrictions and correct knowledge on health harms of tobacco use and COVID-19 can play an important role in creating a conducive environment for tobacco cessation among users.Funding: The study was funded from the University of Edinburgh's Scottish Funding Council GlobalChallenges Research Fund (UKRI- GCRF).Declaration of Interest: None to declare. Ethical Approval: Prior ethics approval for research involving human subjects for this study was obtained from the Centre for Chronic Disease Control’s Institutional Ethics Committee (Reference #CCDC_IEC_04_2018).

Lessons to Be Learnt For Policy Planners on Promoting Health Education on Childhood Fever Management: Evidence from a Cohort of Children with Dengue Fever

Introduction Dengue fever has been a public health challenge in Sri Lanka. Many of the home-based secondary preventive measures are influenced by the parental knowledge on fever. This study was done to describe the level of knowledge on fever among parents and its associations with the events of child’s dengue episode with the view of exploring the components that should be covered in related health educational messages. Methods A descriptive cross-sectional study was done in six general medical wards of the premier children’s hospital in Sri Lanka. Parents who were the bystanders of children admitted as suspected cases of dengue according to the surveillance guidelines, consisted the study population. The sample size was determined with a statistical formula. An interviewer administered questionnaire was used. Data collection was done by two trained data collectors. Descriptive statistics and the chi square test were used with a significance level of 5%. Prior ethics approval was obtained. Results Study sample included 423 parents with a response rate of 99.5%. Most were parents of children of school going age (64.8%) and majority were mothers (97.6%). In more than half (50.4%), the level of knowledge was unsatisfactory. The level of knowledge was significantly associated with the education level (p&lt;0.05), but not with the gender or the employment status (p&gt;0.05) of the parents. A higher knowledge was further associated with a higher utilization of thermometer, and the administration of the correct anti-pyretic dosage and early laboratory diagnosis (p&lt;0.05). Conclusions and Recommendations A higher level of knowledge on fever is associated with favourable clinical events in the dengue episode. The level of knowledge on fever must be improved irrespective of the gender and the employment status of the parents prioritizing those with a lower level of education. Public health interventions must be implemented by regular updating of public health staff’s knowledge on prevention of dengue, fever management their implications on laboratory diagnosis and treatment costs through in service training and in empowering the field health staff in disseminating relevant health education messages to the community.

Ethical Publication Standards in Articles Reporting on Novel Surgical Methods: Analysis of Three Pediatric Surgical Journals.

According to the Declaration of Helsinki, medical research and new therapeutic interventions involving human subjects require prior informed consent and ethical approval. In 2010, 46% of pediatric surgical publications lacked documentation of ethical approval and 84% lacked documentation of informed parental consent with lowest rates of ethical adherence found in articles concerning novel methods. The aim of this study was to investigate whether adherence to ethical standards has improved in pediatric surgical publications. All 3,093 consecutive articles published in Journal of Pediatric Surgery, European Journal of Pediatric Surgery, and Pediatric Surgery International over the last 5 years were systematically reviewed for publications describing novel surgical methods. Novel methods were defined as surgical methods not published before or not considered common practice. The publications were reviewed as to whether ethical approval and informed consent to participate was documented. In total, 105 articles describing novel surgical methods were identified (61 Journal of Pediatric Surgery, 16 European Journal of Pediatric Surgery, and 28 Pediatric Surgery International). Authors reported on new operative techniques (62%), modified techniques (31%), or use of new materials (7%). Ethical approval was documented in 52% of the articles with almost half reporting approval for retrospective data analysis only but not the application of the novel method. Informed consent was documented in 21% of publications. Complications were reported in 48% of the studies, including recurrences and reinterventions for the unsuccessful novel methods. Two authors reported mortalities due to underlying disease, one of which failed to report prior ethical approval or informed consent. Adherence to ethical publication principles in pediatric surgery has improved over the last years but is still lacking in many publications. When implementing new methods, prior ethical approval and informed consent and their documentation are mandatory, specifically in the light of potential hazard to patients.

Correlation of Serum Magnesium with Insulin Resistance in North Indian Adult Population.

Globalization has lead to such lifestyle changes which have produced increase in incidence and prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). Magnesium is found to have some role in glucose metabolism. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between serum magnesium levels with insulin resistance in apparently healthy adults. The objective of our study was to evaluate correlation of serum magnesium with fasting blood sugar, insulin level and Homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index (indicator of insulin resistance) on the basis of the hypothesis that subjects with hypomagnesaemia are more prone to develop hyperglycemia and insulin resistance. The study was a cross-sectional study which was population based. Total 130 apparently healthy adults of age between 25-65 years, were recruited with prior ethical approval and written informed consent. Serum magnesium was found to be negatively correlated with fasting blood sugar (FBS), insulin level and HOMA-IR. Co-relation of magnesium with FBS (r = -0.55, p<0.0001), insulin (r = -0.45, p< 0.0001) and HOMA-IR (r = -0.52, p<0.0001) was significant. As per findings it was concluded that serum magnesium was found to have significant negative correlation with fasting blood sugar (FBS), insulin and HOMA-IR, thus hypomagnesaemia can be suggested to be one of the important predictor of type 2 diabetes mellitus.