Printed Log-periodic Dipole Array Antenna Research Articles

Landstorfer Printed Log-Periodic Dipole Array Antenna With Enhanced Stable High Gain for 5G Communication

A novel wideband stable high-gain Landstorfer printed log-periodic dipole array (PLPDA) antenna loaded with zero-index metamaterials (ZIMs) is proposed for wireless communication system. Based on the Landstorfer-shaped method, the dipoles and ground of the PLPDA antenna are Landstorfer-shaped and strung together by feeding lines to form a novel Landstorfer PLPDA antenna, which obtains a gain enhancement compared with the PLPDA antenna. To further enhance both the antenna gain and gain flatness, a series of novel ZIM are added to the shorter end of the Landstorfer PLPDA antenna. As an example, four-element Landstorfer PLPDA antennas with/without ZIM are designed, implemented, and measured in Ka-band for 5G application. Compared with the original PLPDA antenna, the proposed Landstorfer PLPDA antenna exhibits a maximum gain enhancement of 2.2 dB within the operating band of 26.5–40 GHz. Loaded with ZIM, the antenna gain can be further improved by 0.5–1.9 dB with a measured gain flatness of 10.5 ± 0.5 dBi over the band of 25.7–40 GHz while the size of antenna keeping unchanged. The proposed antenna presents a stable high-gain performance in terms of the parameter <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Delta G$ </tex-math></inline-formula> /BW ( <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Delta G$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is the gain variation, BW is the bandwidth) less than 0.07 within the whole Ka-band.

Compact and wideband printed log-periodic dipole array antenna using multi-sigma and multi-Tau techniques

ABSTRACTIn this paper, a wideband printed log periodic dipole array antenna (PLPDA) is designed to cover WiMAX (3.3, 3.5, and 5.5 GHz), WLAN (3.657–3.690 GHz, 802.11y), 4.942–4.948 GHz (802.11/a-j), and 5.180–5.825 GHz (802.11/a-n). Three effective techniques including MS (Multi-Sigma), MT (Multi-Tau), and Meander-line techniques for size reduction and bandwidth improvement are employed. The 10 dB return loss bandwidth of the fabricated antenna is 86% (3–7.8 GHz) and the average peak gain and radiation efficiency are 3.7 dB and 90%, respectively. The overall size of the presented antenna is 37 × 52 mm2, (0.37), where is the wavelength at the lowest frequency of the operating band.

3-D-Printed Comb Mushroom-Like Dielectric Lens for Stable Gain Enhancement of Printed Log-Periodic Dipole Array

A three-dimensional (3-D)-printed comb mushroomlike dielectric lens (DL) for stable gain enhancement of the antipodal printed log-periodic dipole array (PLPDA) antenna is presented. The low-profile DL is specially designed to be easily integrated with the antenna source for improving its gain performance. Periodic comblike structure is also utilized in the DL to obtain the desired effective permittivity according to the effective medium theory. Both the design process and lens fabrication greatly benefit from 3-D printing technology. With this novel manufacturing method, the lens structure can be designed with greater design freedom and flexibility, which is hard to realize by the conventional manufacture process. Loaded with the proposed 3-D-printed comb mushroomlike DL, the PLPDA antenna has 11.2 ± 0.7 dBi flat gains in the operating frequency band (14–20 GHz), which means a 4.7 dB prominent gain increment and a very flat gain feature in the wideband.

Design and optimization of a non-cross feed printed log periodic dipole array antenna using particle swarm optimization

This paper presents an optimized design of non-cross feed Printed Log Periodic Dipole Array (PLPDA) antenna using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) technique. An improved feed structure of non-cross fed dipoles is chosen as reference antenna, which avoids the complexity of conventional feeding with long coaxial line and CPW feed. A simple fitness function based on S11 parameter is used in PSO to achieve the goal of size reduction and bandwidth enhancement. Simulation results on CST software are verified by a manufactured prototype of proposed PSO optimized non-cross feed PLPDA antenna using FR 4 substrate with a thickness of 1.6 mm. The measured bandwidth of proposed antenna is 4.2–11.6 GHz with a fractional bandwidth of 93.6%, whereas the reference antenna covers the frequency range from 4.2 to 9.2 GHz with a fractional bandwidth of 74.6%. The effective area of the proposed design is 30% lesser than reference antenna. Proposed antenna is offering peak gain of 7.6 dBi with an average gain of 5.5 dBi in desired band. The electrical size of optimized structure is 0.53λ at center frequency. Thus, proposed antenna is offering higher bandwidth and significantly smaller size with less complexity and lower cost, while maintaining the log periodic nature and gain.

High-Gain Printed Log-Periodic Dipole Array Antenna With Parasitic Cell for 5G Communication

A novel printed log-periodic dipole array (PLPDA) antenna with bow–tie parasitic cell for the gain enhancement is presented for 5G mobile and wireless communication. The antenna is fed by the substrate integrated waveguide. The gain of the antenna is enhanced using parasitic cell—several bow–tie directors and bow–tie parasitic patches. The adding of bow–tie directors are based on the principle of the quasi-Yagi and the bow–tie antenna. Moreover, the parasitic patches are used to enhance the antenna gain by expanding the transverse radiation aperture of the antenna according to the principle of the antenna array. The proposed antenna has been designed, fabricated, and tested. It can be observed that the PLPDA antenna gain with the parasitic cell is increased about 1-dBi compared with the antenna with the single-sided rectangle directors. And the S11 of the proposed antenna is less than −12 dB, the cross-polarization level is better than −15 dB, and the gain of the presented antenna is 7.3–12.5 dBi over the whole operating frequency range of 40–50 GHz.

A Printed LPDA Antenna Fed by a Microstrip Line to Double Sided Parallel Strip Line from Backside

A novel planar printed log-periodic dipole array (LPDA) antenna fed by tapered microstrip line (MSL) to double sided parallel strip line (DSPSL) is proposed in this paper. The proposed antenna adopts MSL feeding approach from backside. Using this feeding technique makes the printed LPDA antenna easier to be integrated into radio frequency (RF) circuits. In this paper, four layers are used to construct the antenna. The four layers of the printed LPDA antenna are printed on three thin dielectric substrates which are integrated together. To validate this approach, a printed LPDA antenna is simulated and fabricated for operating in the S and C bands (2.5–6 GHz). The antenna showed a good result over the whole frequency range with 2 : 1 VSWR, an average gain of 6.5 dB, and stable radiation patterns. The measured results are in very good agreement with simulations.

A Compact Wide band Printed LPDA Antenna for WLAN Applications in 5 GHz Band

A compact wide band Printed LPDA (Log Periodic Dipole Array) antenna is proposed for WLAN applications in 5-6 GHz range. The antenna having dimensions of 36.58 mm x 24.37 mm x1.6 mm is designed and simulated using HFSS 13. The prototype of proposed antenna is developed using simple FR4 substrate. The proposed antenna works well in the desired operating bandwidth from 5-6 GHz and covers dual bands of IEEE 802.11a (5.15-5.35 GHz and 5.7255.825 GHz) with VSWR effectively less than 2. The antenna shows a wide impedance bandwidth of 1.643 GHz from 4.869 GHz – 6.512 GHz, with bandwidth efficiency of 28.87 %. The antenna gain is > 6 dB throughout the operating band, with max gain of 7.6 dB at 5.6 GHz and stable radiation pattern in end fire direction. Measured results for S11 parameter are in good agreement with simulated one, which validates the proposed antenna design.

Subsectional Tapered Fed Printed LPDA Antenna With a Feeding Point Patch

In this letter, a log-periodic dipole array (LPDA) antenna operating between 1.1 and 13.8 GHz with and an average peak realized gain of 5.2 dB is presented. It is suitable for GPS (L1-L5), PCS, IMT-2000, Bluetooth, WLAN, WiMAX, UWB, and X-band applications. The antenna is designed by introducing a subsectional tapered feedline instead of standard microstrip feeding, which leads to a remarkable lower-frequency performance. The upper-frequency performance of the antenna is improved by adding a feeding point patch. The group delay is also examined for the final design, and maximum 1.5 ns deviation is observed in UWB. By using ordinary and simple dipoles with this modified feedline approach, a superior antenna performance is obtained over a very wide frequency band, and it is validated by the comparison of three fabricated antennas. Additionally, the antenna size is also reduced without using complicated and/or top-loaded dipole structures.

Low‐cost high gain printed log‐periodic dipole array antenna with dielectric lenses for V‐band applications

Three different V-band high gain printed log periodic dipole array (PLPDA) antenna prototypes are proposed. The antenna prototypes are fabricated and tested. A good agreement between the experimental and simulated results is obtained. Results show that those antenna prototypes can operate from 42 to 82 GHz with a fractional impedance bandwidth of 64.5% covering the whole V-band (50–75 GHz). At 60 GHz, the three antenna prototypes have peak gain of 12.64, 23.31 and 26.79 dBi with a gain variation of 3.5 dBi across the whole V-band with stable radiation patterns over the operating band. The proposed PLPDA antenna prototypes achieve good side-lobe suppression, excellent front-to-back ratio in both E- and H-planes and low cross-polarisation levels over the entire frequency range.

Performance investigation of V-band PLPDA antenna loaded with a hemispherical dielectric lens for millimeter-wave applications

In this letter, a V-band millimeter-wave high gain printed log periodic dipole array (PLPDA) antenna loaded with a hemispherical dielectric lens is proposed. Performance investigation of loading the PLPDA antenna with a hemispherical dielectric lens is presented and discussed here. Parametric studies to address the effect of hemispherical dielectric lens geometrical parameters are performed and explained. The proposed antenna prototype is simulated, fabricated, and tested. Measured and simulated results show that this antenna can cover the whole V-band. At 60 GHz, the antenna has peak gain of 23.31 dBi with good side-lobe suppression, excellent front-to-back ratio in both E- and H-planes. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:630–634, 2015

Study the Effect of Using Low-Cost Dielectric Lenses with Printed Log-Periodic Dipole Antennas for Millimeter-Wave Applications

Design of V-band high-gain printed log periodic dipole array (PLPDA) antenna loaded with a low-cost spherical dielectric lens is introduced. The proposed antenna consists of microstrip-line-fed log-periodic dipole antenna designed to operate in the V-band with a peak gain of 12.64 dBi at 60 GHz. To enhance the antenna gain, a dielectric lens is installed. The antenna prototype is fabricated and then tested experimentally using Agilent E8364B PNA Network Analyzer. Experimental results agree well with the simulated ones. The simulated results show that the proposed antenna can work from 42 GHz up to 82 GHz with a fractional impedance bandwidth of 64.5% covering the whole V-band (50–75 GHz). At 60 GHz, the proposed antenna has peak gain of 26.79 dBi with a gain variation of 3.5 dBi across the whole V-band with stable radiation patterns over the operating band. The proposed PLPDA antenna achieves good side-lobe suppression, excellent front-to-back ratio in bothE- andH-planes, and low cross-polarization levels over the entire frequency range. These unique features will make this antenna suitable for different interesting applications such as millimeter-wave radar and imaging applications.

Gain Enhancement of Printed Log-Periodic Dipole Array Antenna Using Director Cell

In this communication, several parasitic dipole elements served as director cell are added to the shorter end of the printed Log-periodic dipole array (PLPDA) antenna for the gain enhancement. This novel antenna is based on the combination of the PLPDA antenna and the quasi-Yagi antenna techniques, so called printed Log-Yagi dipole array antenna (PLYDA). The number and the distribution of the director cell are discussed and optimized. A prototype PLYDA antenna fed by half mode substrate integrated waveguide (HMSIW) is manufactured, as well as a HMSIW PLPDA antenna for comparison. The return loss and far-field radiation patterns were measured and presented in this work. The proposed PLYDA antenna exhibits gain enhancement of 0.2-2 dB in comparison with the equal size PLPDA antenna over the operating frequency range 21-40 GHz. The simulated and measured results are in good agreement, and the gain enhancement using the director cell is verified.

Design of a printed log-periodic dipole array antenna with high gain for millimeter-wave applications

In this article, a V-band printed log-periodic dipole array (PLPDA) antenna with high gain is proposed. The antenna prototype is designed, simulated, fabricated, and tested. Simulation results show that this antenna can operate from 42 to 82 GHz with a fractional impedance bandwidth of 64.5% covering the whole V-band (50–75 GHz). The antenna has a measured impedance matching bandwidth that starts from 42 to beyond 65 GHz with good agreement between the experimental and simulated results. At 50 and 65 GHz, the antenna has a measured gain of 10.45 and 10.28 dBi, respectively, with a gain variation of 2.6 dBi across the measured frequency range. The antenna prototype exhibits also stable radiation patterns over the operating band. It achieves side-lobe suppression better than 17.26 dB in the H-plane and better than 8.95 dB in the E-plane, respectively. In addition, the cross-polarization component is 18.5 dB lower than the copolarization with front-to-back ratio lower than 24.1 dB in both E- and H-planes across the desired frequency range. Based on a comparison of performance among the reported work in the literature, we can say that the proposed PLPDA antenna is a proper candidate to be used in many applications at V-band frequency. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J RF and Microwave CAE 25:185–193, 2015.

Wideband simplified feed for printed log‐periodic dipole array antenna

A novel simple approach is presented for designing a broadband single layer substrate printed log-periodic dipole array (PLPDA) antenna by using microstrip technology. The PLPDA antenna has the merits of wide bandwidth, low profile and light weight, which should be fed by the balanced line. The balanced line, created by the geometric features of the microstrip, provides a balun with a considerably wide bandwidth with low profile, broad bandwidth and low insertion loss etc. The prototype of the proposed microstrip printed log-periodic array at Ka band is designed and fabricated; the measured data are in good agreement with the simulated results.

Super High Gain Substrate Integrated Clamped-Mode Printed Log-Periodic Dipole Array Antenna

A compact, low profile, super high antenna gain, and broadband antenna, based on the printed log-periodic dipole array (PLPDA) antenna and the substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) technologies, has been proposed. It is so called substrate integrated waveguide clamped-mode printed log-periodic dipole array (SIW clamped-mode PLPDA) antenna. The arrangement of the dipole elements and feed lines in the SIW clamped-mode PLPDA antenna is designed and optimized. The proposed SIW clamped-mode PLPDA antenna was designed, fabricated, and tested, while a single SIW PLPDA antenna and a 2-element SIW PLPDA array were designed for comparison. The impedance bandwidth and the far-field radiation patterns in both E-plane and H-plane were measured. The measured results show that the performance of the SIW clamped-mode PLPDA antenna is similar to that of the 2-element SIW PLPDA array over the working frequency range 25 GHz-40 GHz, while the proposed antenna has only half the number of dipole elements and feed lines.

Simplified Printed Log-Periodic Dipole Array Antenna Fed by CBCPW

A novel simple approach for designing single-layer printed log-periodic dipole array (PLPDA) antenna fed by conductor-backed coplanar waveguide (CBCPW) is presented. The PLPDA antenna has the merits of wide bandwidth, low profile, and stable radiation pattern, which should be fed by the balanced line. The balanced line, created by the geometric features of the CBCPW, provides a balun with a considerably wide bandwidth with low profile, broad bandwidth, low insertion loss, and so forth. The prototype of the proposed CBCPW-fed printed log-periodic array at Ka band is designed and fabricated; the measured data are in good agreement with the simulated results.

Uniplanar Millimeter-Wave Log-Periodic Dipole Array Antenna Fed by Coplanar Waveguide

A uniplanar millimeter-wave broadband printed log-periodic dipole array (PLPDA) antenna fed by coplanar waveguide (CPW) is introduced. This proposed structure consists of several active dipole elements, feeding lines, parallel coupled line, and the CPW, which are etched on a single metallic layer of the substrate. The parallel coupled line can be optimized to act as a transformer between the CPW and the PLPDA antenna. Meanwhile, this transform performs the task of a balun to achieve a wideband, low cost, low loss, simple directional antenna. The uniplanar nature makes the antenna suitable to be integrated into modern printed communication circuits, especially the monolithic millimeter-wave integrated circuits (MMIC). The antenna has been carefully examined and measured to present the return loss, far-field patterns, and antenna gain.

Wideband substrate integrated printed log-periodic dipole array antenna

This study presents a novel approach for designing broadband single layer printed log-periodic dipole array (PLPDA) antenna fed by substrate integrated waveguide (SIW). The PLPDA antenna has the merits of wide bandwidth, low profile and light weight, which should be fed by the balanced line. The balanced line, created by the geometric features of the SIW, provides a balun with a considerably wide bandwidth with low profile, broad dominant mode bandwidth, low insertion loss and so on. Prototype of the proposed substrate integrated printed log-periodic dipole array (SIPLPDA) antenna and 1×4 antenna array at Ka band are designed and fabricated; the measured data are in good agreement with the simulated results.

A microwave printed planar log-periodic dipole array antenna

A microwave printed planar log-periodic dipole array (LPDA) antenna analysis and design procedure is presented together with the description of a planar feeding technique. The effects of the dielectric substrate on the antenna design are also discussed and taken into account. A numerical technique using the finite element method is employed to obtain the characteristic impedance and effective dielectric constant of the transmission lines involved, i.e., an unbalanced stripline and a balanced line having only two parallel strips. A 4-8 GHz printed LPDA antenna was manufactured and tested, showing very good radiation pattern and voltage standing-wave ratio (VSWR) values over the entire frequency range.