Principles Of Production Management Research Articles

Моделирование неопределенности при помощи нейронных сетей

Introduction: modern political and economic conditions of uncertainty dictate the need for a systematic strategic development of industrial enterprises, and, consequently, new principles of production management. The functioning of enterprises, which are a complex economic system, is accompanied by the behavior uncertainty of both the elements of the system itself and external factors. The elimination of uncertainty from the modeling of economic processes does not allow to consider the behavior of an object in real conditions, which affects the system development forecasting. The use of neural networks makes it possible to obtain a quantitative assessment of uncertainty factors influence on enterprises. Aims: review of methods for quantifying the uncertainty level as well as development of a neural network model of uncertainty in decision-making. Methods: neural network modeling. Results: methodological approach has been developed to the construction of a neural network model for assessing uncertainty for production transfer to innovative materials at an aviation industry enterprise. Conclusions: the use of a neural network for applicability is expedient in the absence of explicit mathematical dependencies. The neural network model can be easily adapted to various uncertainties in different enterprises.

МОДЕРНИЗАЦИЯ ПОДХОДА К СИСТЕМЕ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ В СОВРЕМЕННЫХ УСЛОВИЯХ ГЛОБАЛЬНОГО ПРОИЗВОДСТВА

The purpose of this article is to rethink the universal concept of “Just in Time”, which gained popularity in production management after the introduction of the Japanese Kanban management system. New trends dictate the need for its modernization and the elaboration and implementation of new production management principles that meet the modern requirements of economic development. The new management technology should include parameters that will allow to bring the integrated management of research, development, design, production and sales to a more perfect level. We are talking about global systems of product development (TDS), production (TPS) and marketing (TMS). In order to provide consumers with a high level of QCD and thus respond quickly and effectively to changing customer requests and external changes, it is necessary to apply technology based on a system of triple management concepts – Advanced TDS, TPS & TMS for the active implementation of a unified international quality management system and optimization of the location of production sites.

Processes Organization for Creating Competitive Products and Production Services of an Industrial Enterprise: Management Problems and Solutions

This work has investigated analysis results of management problems and solutions to the processes organization for creating competitive products and production services of an industrial enterprise which were presented in the scientific reports of the section "Economics and organization of mechanical engineering production" of the All-Russian conference of young scientists and specialists (with international participation) titled "The future of mechanical engineering in Russia", held from September 22 to 25, 2020 at the BMSTU, substantiated the development relevance of scientific research specialty "Organization of production". This specialty includes the development of scientific, methodological,and system-technical foundations for the design of organizational structures of enterprises and organization of production processes. It also includes development of methods and means of informatization and computerization of production processes, their documentary support at all stages; development of scientific, methodological and system-technical principles for increasing the efficiency of the functioning and quality of the organization of production systems; improving the quality and competitiveness of products, quality control systems and product certification; development and implementation of the production management principles, including the training of personnel and the effectiveness of labor organization forms; analysis and synthesis of organizational and technical solutions; development of methods and tools for planning and managing production processes and their results. This work has been addressed to specialists in the field of theory and practice of organization of production

Requirement Analysis for the Collaborative Supply and Logistics Management of Fresh Agricultural Products

Issues and concerns for food safety, agro-processing, and the environmental and ecological impact of food production have been attracted many research interests. Traceability and logistics management of fresh agricultural products is faced with the technological challenges including food product label and identification, activity/process characterization, information systems for the supply chain, i.e., from farm to table. Application of information technologies for food processing and logistics industry in the fields of smart packaging and materials, automation and control technology, standards and their application scenarios, and production management principles were wildly studied. A collaborative research project for the supply and logistics of fresh agricultural products in Tianjin was performed. System analysis for the logistics management information system is studied. The model-driven business transformation, an approach uses formal models to explicitly define the structure and behavior of a business, is applied for the review and analysis process. Requirements for the logistic management solutions are proposed. Development of this research is crucial for the solution integration of supply and logistic management information system for fresh agricultural products.

The Integration of the Accounting System for Implementing World Class Manufacturing (WCM) Principles

1. Introduction 1.1. Problem Statement High-class internationally acknowledged business affects the key approaches to implementing social, ecological and business-processes as well as information space of economic actors. Successful companies do their best to meet the requirements of the clients to the fullest potential and in the shortest possible time; they expand their competitive advantages due to new ways of management organization and changing their corporate culture for the sake of constant internal improvements, make maximum effect of the use of human capacity and solving ecological issues. A priority development trend in management technologies today is the concept of World Class Manufacturing (WCM) which originated in Japan in 1970s and initially was known as a complex system of total providing maintenance (TPM). The programs WCM in different companies apply various management models and their variations: Toyota Production System, KAIZEN, Just-in-Time, Lean Manufacturing, Total Quality Management, 6 Sigma, ISO 9000, 20 keys, Theory of Constraints etc. The key points of the WCM: 1) Orientation towards internal and external customers; 2) Creation of efficient work environment; 3) Reduction of losses; 4) Increase of efficiency, reliability and equipment flexibility; 5) Quality improvement; 6) Reduced for project, administrative, manufacturing, logistic and service processes; 7) Use of the best management practices. Principles underlying WCM are constant improvement and elimination of waste. WCM suggests creation of production system in the manner of zero logic. For instance, Just in time (0 cases of delivery delays) and full control of the production quality (0 defects). WCM management methods are aimed to optimize the use of resources of a company. This method is a symbiosis of the Eastern and Western best principles of production management. Due to this concept the whole company works as a team. A world-class company is distinguished by a high quality of its production, efficient work with the clients, stable and high return at a consistently low cost, strict attitude to occupational safety and health, systematic reduction of losses, competence in all the issues, visibility, and absolute reliability. Under these conditions international professional community of accountants faces the problem of developing the concept of integrated accounting system based on a unified information system within an integral complex of human, technical, informational, organizational and institutional resources. 1.2. Relevance of the Problem Primary prerequisite is that this problem is widely discussed in an international community under growing demands to have accounting information by the increasing number of its users, and regarding the need in the information of new quality required by modern management systems. Current model in the Russian Federation is characterized by contradictions between new requirements and limited possibilities of the methods of traditional accounting and, consequently, the existence of qualitative, quantitative and structural changes in the development of the accounting system. Today in Russian companies there is a great number of types of accounting with a well-defined functional segment: operational, financial, managerial, statistical, fiscal as well as accounting principles IFRS/GAAP. This separation causes obstacles in the management information system and in transition to the principles WCM, creation of several duplicative uncoordinated large data of internal reporting: in parent company and its subsidiaries, head office and structural divisions of the company etc. This state of information processing contradicts the WCM concept because parallel management of different types of accounting and reports which differ by their formats leads to information disintegration, changes the form of presentation of one and the same initial information and makes it hard to implement coordinated actions by management services of the company. …

Participatory ergonomics intervention for improving human and production outcomes of a Brazilian furniture company

This article presents a participatory intervention in a furniture manufacturing company in Southern Brazil aiming to improve both ergonomic and production outcomes. The existing Tayloristic model was replaced by a cellular teamwork model. Work enlargement and enrichment, and the improvements in workstation design and process flow increased worker satisfaction and reduced postural risk, fatigue, body pain and production waste. Workload was reduced by 42% and productivity increased by 46% (25% being attributable to unnecessary load handling, waiting and transportation, and 21% attributable directly to manufacturing times). Workers' participation in the stages of problems identification, design and evaluation of solutions played a major role in these outcomes. Relevance to industryThis study indicates that it is possible to balance ergonomics and production demands, and that it is necessary to make it clear to management. The integration of macroergonomics and production management principles increases both worker well-being and productivity levels, thus leading to a more sustainable system.

Mathematical principles of production management and robust layout design: Part III. 2500-ton/year fish farming in marine net cages

Fish production in marine netcages is expanding rapidly in many parts of the world. Nevertheless, production planning and layout design tools still rely on rule of thumb, spreadsheets, local experience and practices handed down through the generations. An integrated model (queuing, optimization and simulation were linked together) was developed. The solution finds the values of decision variables to maximize yearly production.The concept was that a single netcage can be seen as a “server” in which neither a “queue” (over-holding of fish), nor an idle netcage is allowed. A marine fish farm can then be seen as a queuing network, and a queuing network-based management model was developed.Growth data of 40 batches of fish, each batch comprising on average 180,000 fish (std 50,000), were recorded over an experimental period of 4 years.The model inputs were (1) the empirical fish growth rates (2) the given space for netcages, (3) preferred netcage holes, netcage depth and netcage diameter, (4) fingerling supply limitations, (5) market timing, and (6) Preferred market-size fish at the farm gate. The model outputs were: (7) optimal fingerling arrival frequency, (8) optimal number of fingerlings in a batch, (9) number of days in each culture netcage, (10) grading and sorting criteria along the production line, and (11) optimal facility allocation (number of netcages for each growing phase). Model validity was statistically tested and was not rejected within the 95% confidence level. The model application results with 4 netcages in the 1st growing phase, 8 netcages in the 2nd growing phase and 16 netcages in the 3rd growing phase (so called “4,8,16 layout”) gave the following optimal operating parameters: arrival of a batch every 30 days; 122 days in each successive growth phase. The optimal values satisfied the biomass density criterion of less than 25kgm−3 and the netcage utilization criterion of never below 99%. Expected production was 2403tonyear−1 (vs. the current 686tonyear−1). The enterprise owners decided to adopt the model results and the system is now being built according to the 4,8,16 design.

Mathematical principles of production management and robust layout design: Part I. 250-ton/year recirculating aquaculture system (RAS)

This study describes the design and management of an effective recirculating aquaculture system (RAS). The RAS design involves many aspects, both physical and biological: (1) a desired turnover, (2) fingerling arrival frequency, (3) number of fingerlings per batch, (4) number of days in a growth phase, (4) timing of grading and sorting, based on (5) fish growth rate, and (6) number of culture tanks. The design criteria were: (1) turnover of 250ton/year, (2) fingerling arrival frequency of 12batches/year, (3) biomass density ≤60kg/m3, (4) two fish batch-sorting and batch-splitting events, and (5) a robust design to accommodate two species—slower- and faster-growing species. The culture tank was regarded as a queuing system in which neither a “queue” (overholding of fish) nor an idle culture tank is allowed, enabling modeling of the fish farm as a queuing network. A queuing model, stochastic simulation, optimization, and six sigma robust design were developed, validated, and implemented.The optimal layout was found to comprise three growth phases, with 1, 8, and 24 culture tanks, respectively. Optimal parameters included: arrival frequency—a single fish batch into the system every 30 days; then 30, 120 and 180 days in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd phases, to 42, 200, and 440g, respectively. The optimal values satisfied the criteria of biomass density below 60kg/m3 and culture tank utilization above 93%. Expected production was 250–276ton/year. The proposed layout can accommodate different fish species with different growth rates under the same proposed layout, culture volume, density, and schedule. The numerical values reflect local aquatic conditions, but the proposed methodology can be applied elsewhere.

Mathematical principles of production management and robust layout design: Part II. Upscaling to a 1000-ton/year recirculating aquaculture system (RAS)

The design and management of a recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) is crucial for the farm's economic survival. In a previous paper (Part I of this study), a model was developed. The current paper extends the principles developed in Part I by (1) addressing a larger-scale RAS, (2) addressing the layout positioning problem, (3) integrating a robust 6σ design into the optimization problem. A queuing model and a solvable nonlinear constrained optimization problem including the 6σ robust design were developed and validated. The design criteria were: (1) turnover ≥1000ton/year, (2) 7 days quarantine, i.e., at least 7 days between arrivals of two successive fish batches, (3) fish biomass density ≤55kg/m3, (4) three growth phases, (5) neither fish-sorting nor batch-splitting events allowed, and (6) a robust design to accommodate two species—seabream and seabass grouper, with different growth rates. Decision variables were: (1) number of culture tanks, (2) fingerling arrival frequency, (3) number of fingerlings per batch, (4) number of days in a growth phase, (5) timing of grading and sorting criteria on the production lines, (5) standing biomass in the entire system, which is the actual biomass load on the biofilters, (6) feed amount per day.The optimal layout was: 13 culture tanks in each of the three growth phases (39 tanks total). Optimal parameters included: arrival frequency—a single fish batch into the system every 7 days, 91 days in each phase; growth up to 77, 233, and 468g in successive growth phases. Optimal values satisfied the criteria of biomass density below 50kg/m3 and culture tank utilization above 99%. Expected production was 1000ton/year. The proposed layout can accommodate different fish species—here, seabream and grouper—under the same culture volume, density, and schedule, but with different growth rates. Increasing the desired biomass density from 50 to 60kg/m3 advances expected production to 1335ton/year. The numerical values reflect local aquatic conditions, but the proposed methodology can be applied anywhere.

Production management principles in newspaper pre-press production

Abstract This article presents the research results from a project considering planning and control of newspaper pre-press production. The project, initiated by NATS (Scandinavian Newspaper Technical Co-operation Council), focused on Scandinavian newspaper production, and looked at it from a traditional production industry point of view. The project was mainly concerned with how to manage the pre-press production: from text typing to the moment when the press starts. To obtain reasonably good planning and control of this production, the project suggested use of the period batch control (PBC) method. The method has some very interesting characteristics: it is easy to use, easy to understand and easy to implement as a computerized tool.

The design of a microcomputer based simulator for production management training

The proliferation of independent computer based systems in some manufacturing companies has more than often led to islands of automation. The effective integration of such systems has become imperative for the complete realization of the advantages of computer based systems in the manufacturing environment. The teaching of the fundamental principles of production management and control to engineering students is suffering from the same lack of integration and a need for more effective training methods has been identified. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate that the computerized training simulator, CIMSIM, might fulfill this need.

THE RATIONALIZATION OF PRODUCTION.

Focuses on the rationalization of production in Japan. Improvements on manufacturing performance; Significance of the principles of production management in industries; Emphasis on training and education of employees.

Courses for Improving the Qualifications of Party and Government Personnel

Our times are marked by the tumultuous development of the economy and culture and by the improvement of social relations. All this makes high demands on leading party personnel; they must constantly improve the level of their ideological and theoretical knowledge, comprehend the principles of production management, and master the art of organizing and training the masses. The need for training party and government personnel has been stressed again in the CPSU Central Committee resolution "On Preparing for the Centennial of Vladimir Il'ich Lenin's Birth."