Principles Of Nutritional Support Research Articles

Nutrition base of the anti-doping products development for the athletes working efficiency encreasment

The aim of the article is to consider the metabolic basis of nutrition for the development of technologies to maintain the athlete's health and performance. The article used PubMed data and the results of our own theoretical developments regarding the metabolic basis of nutrition in extreme conditions of the body. The role of the stages of transcription and translation in the process of creating muscle protein and the importance of the quality and quantity of protein in the diet are shown. The anaerobic and aerobic stages of energy formation are examined and the principles of increasing their activity through the use of food compounds are analyzed. A model of the relationship between the exchange of proteins, fats and carbohydrates with different energy supply of the body is considered and the principles of nutritional support of the body in the phase of rehabilitation and physical and mental work are proposed. The article discusses the main approaches of the usage of metabolic principles in the development of food technology to maintain health and increase the working efficiency of athletes. In the sports preparation stage, nutrition should ensure the creation of a muscle apparatus and provide it with energy. In the sports competition period, food products should improve the activity of elements of energy metabolism. In the rehabilitation phase, it is necessary to use food compounds that help to reduce the accumulation of under-oxidized metabolic products and accelerate their metabolic pathways. Food products are offered to increase the effectiveness of weight gain and weight cutting technologies.

Принципы нутритивной поддержки у детей в условиях стационара

Принципы нутритивной поддержки у детей в условиях стационара

CORRECTION OF MALNUTRITION IN CANCER P ATIENTS WITH ORAL SUPPLEMENTS (SIPING)

Abstract: Malnutrition occurs in 40 to 80 percent of cancer patients. Malnutrition in cancer patients is associated with poorer overall survival, reduced benefit from surgical and medical therapies, increased therapy-related toxicity, poorer quality of life. Early diagnostics of malnutrition and purpose of nutritional therapy is one of important components of supportive care at all steps of anticancer treatment. The modern tools for evaluation of the nutritional status and the principles of nutritional support at cancer patients, including oral nutritional supplements (siping) are presented in the article.

Nutritional Management of Cats with Infectious Disease

The effect of malnutrition in patients with a variety of ailments is known to be deleterious to their overall quality of life, response and tolerance to therapy, and ultimate survival. These effects may be amplified in feline patients with infectious disease owing to the blunting of immunologic responsiveness that results from malnutrition. This vicious cycle of infection, ensuing malnutrition, and subsequent immunocompromise may not allow the patient to mount an attack on the invading pathogen adequately. The most logical means to reverse this cycle is to ensure an adequate nutritional state in the patient. Initial attempts at maintaining or increasing voluntary oral intake should be initiated in the short term. However, enteral or parenteral support should be instituted as quickly as possible if these should fail. Much is yet to be discerned about specific optimal supplementation techniques and dietary formulations for feline patients; however, the application of relatively simple and general principles of nutritional support offer our feline patients with infectious disease the best opportunity to overcome their disease.

Supportive care in oncology

Pain management, nutritional support, and psychosocial support are fundamental services that enhance patients' ability to cope with their cancer and its therapy. The common goal of symptom prevention mandates that each of these supportive services be provided to all patients throughout their cancer experience. Comprehensive cancer pain management begins with identifying the origin of all of the patient's pains and treating each one specifically. Pain prevention can be achieved through around-the-clock opioid administration with as-needed supplements for breakthrough pain and dose titration. Common narcotic side effects such as constipation and nausea also must be prevented. Successful opioid analgesia requires that patient and family concerns regarding addiction and tolerance be dispelled at the outset. Cancer pain prevention can be further optimized with the use of appropriate coanalgesics in response to the pathophysiology of the patient's pains. Cognitive and behavioral therapies may also be useful adjuncts to reduce both pain and suffering. Procedure-oriented pain control should be considered when systemic pharmacologic therapy does not provide adequate pain relief or is associated with intolerable side effects. The only absolute contraindications for pain-relieving procedures are untreatable coagulopathy and a decrease in mental status not related to medical pain management. Useful neurodestructive techniques include radiofrequency lesionining, cryoanalgesia, and chemical neurolysis with agents such as phenol, alcohol, and hypertonic saline. The most beneficial pain-relieving procedures and percutaneous cordotomy, spinal narcotics, celiac and hypogastric plexus ablation, spinal neurolysis, and epidural injection of steroids and hypertonic saline. Procedure selection depends on the cause of the pain and the patient's prognosis. Common indications for pain-relieving procedures include unilateral pain below the shoulder, upper abdominal visceral pains, pelvic visceral pain, perineal pain, vertebral body metastasis, discogenic pain, and spinal stenosis. As results of well-conducted scientific trials begin to appear in the literature, the indications for these procedures will be better understood, resulting in their more appropriate use. Principles of nutritional support in patients with cancer include an awareness of the problem of malnutrition and its impact on performance status, quallity of life, prognosis, and treatment; identification of those patients at risk; prophylactic versus therapeutic intervention; and analysis and management of the specific impediment(s) to adequate nutrient intake and absorption. The primary goals for nutritional support in cancer patients are prevention of weight loss and maintenance of adequate protein status. Appreciation of practical issues of nutritional support will enable the practicing physician to achieve these goals using primarily oral nutrition options. General indications for parenteral nutrition include significant malnutrition, a nonfunctional gastrointestinal tract, and active oncologic treatment options. Prevention of psychosocial distress is also crucial to effective supportive care in oncology. The quality of the physician-patient relationship is crucial to its success and a primary component of patient mastery of the cancer experience. Factors that affect this relationship include physician practice structure, communication techniques, family-oriented care, ancillary support services, and physician well-being. Differences between individual and group counseling modialities must be appreciated to optimize their benefit. Improvements in survival mandate that physicians meet their responsibility to help patients cope most effectively with their cancer. Effective pain management, nutritional support, and psychosocial support complement effective cancer therapy and must be integrated into each patient's comprehensive cancer care. Such total care will enhance survival and reduce the burden of cancer for patients and their caregivers.

Supportive care in oncology

Pain management, nutritional support, and psychosocial support are fundamental services that enhance patients' ability to cope with their cancer and its therapy. The common goal of symptom prevention mandates that each of these supportive services be provided to all patients throughout their cancer experience. Comprehensive cancer pain management begins with identifying the origin of all of the patient's pains and treating each one specifically. Pain prevention can be achieved through around-the-clock opioid administration with as-needed supplements for breakthrough pain and dose titration. Common narcotic side effects such as constipation and nausea also must be prevented. Successful opioid analgesia requires that patient and family concerns regarding addiction and tolerance be dispelled at the outset. Cancer pain prevention can be further optimized with the use of appropriate coanalgesics in response to the pathophysiology of the patient's pains. Cognitive and behavioral therapies may also be useful adjuncts to reduce both pain and suffering. Procedure-oriented pain control should be considered when systemic pharmacologic therapy does not provide adequate pain relief or is associated with intolerable side effects. The only absolute contraindications for pain-relieving procedures are untreatable coagulopathy and a decrease in mental status not related to medical pain management. Useful neurodestructive techniques include radiofrequency lesioning, cryoanalgesia, and chemical neurolysis with agents such as phenol, alcohol, and hypertonic saline. The most benefecial pain-relieving procedures and percutaneous cordotomy, spinal narcotics, celiac and hypogastric plexus ablation, spinal neurolysis, and epidural injection of steroids and hypertonic saline. Procedure selection depends on the cause of the pain and the patients prognosis. Common indications for pain-relieving procedures include unilateral below the shoulder, upper abdominal visceral pains, pelvic visceral pain, perineal pain, vertebral body metastasis, discogenic pain, and spinal stenosis. As results of well-conducted scientific trials begin to appear in the literature, the indications for these procedures will be better understood, resulting in their more appropriate use. Principles of nutritional support in patients with cancer include an awareness of the problem of malnutrition and its impact on performance status, quality of life, prognosis, and treatment; identification of those patients at risk; prophylactic versus therapeutic intervention; and analysis and management of the specific impediment(s) to adequate nutrient intake and absorption. The primary goals for nutritional support in cancer patients are prevention of weight loss and maintenance of adequate protein status. Appreciation of practical issues of nutritional support will enable the practicing physician to achieve these goals using primarily oral nutrition options. General indications for parenteral nutrition include significant malnutrition, a nonfunctional gastrointestinal tract, and active oncologic treatment options. Prevention of psychosocial distress is also crucial to effective supportive care in oncology. The quality of the physician-patient relationship is crucial to its success and a primary component of patient mastery of the cancer experience. Factors that affect this relationship include physician practice structure, communication techniques, family-oriented care, ancillary support services, and physician well-being. Differences between individual and group counseling modalities must be appreciated to optimize their benefit. Improvements in survival mandate that physicians meet their responsibility to help patients cope most effectively with their cancer. Effective pain management, nutritional support, and psychosocial support complement effective cancer therapy and must be integrated into each patient's comprehensive cancer care. Such total care will enhance survival and reduce the burden of cancer for patients and their caregivers.

Principles of Nutritional Support

Principles of Nutritional Support