Principles Of Heredity Research Articles

Finding Robust Response Surface Designs With Blocking Using a Model-Weighted A-Optimality Criterion

This paper proposes a new approach to finding robust response surface designs that can accommodate potential model misspecifications. To achieve this, experimental designs that are robust across all potential models were considered prior to data collection. Blocking effects were combined into all possible models, and the set of all reduced models was obtained using the weak heredity principle. The objective of this study was to propose the use of the geometric mean of A-optimalities as a new weighted A-optimality criterion for finding robust response surface designs. Both a genetic algorithm (GA) and an exchange algorithm (EA) were employed to optimize the weighted A-optimality criterion and compared with the widely used central composite design. The weighted A-optimal designs generated by GA and EA in this study had higher Aw and A-efficiencies than CCD, and the Aw-optimal designs generated by the GA were as or more efficient than the EA.

BHAFT: Bayesian heredity-constrained accelerated failure time models for detecting gene-environment interactions in survival analysis.

In addition to considering the main effects, understanding gene-environment (G × E) interactions is imperative for determining the etiology of diseases and the factors that affect their prognosis. In the existing statistical framework for censored survival outcomes, there are several challenges in detecting G × E interactions, such as handling high-dimensional omics data, diverse environmental factors, and algorithmic complications in survival analysis. The effect heredity principle has widely been used in studies involving interaction identification because it incorporates the dependence of the main and interaction effects. However, Bayesian survival models that incorporate the assumption of this principle have not been developed. Therefore, we propose Bayesian heredity-constrained accelerated failure time (BHAFT) models for identifying main and interaction (M-I) effects with novel spike-and-slab or regularized horseshoe priors to incorporate the assumption of effect heredity principle. The R package rstan was used to fit the proposed models. Extensive simulations demonstrated that BHAFT models had outperformed other existing models in terms of signal identification, coefficient estimation, and prognosis prediction. Biologically plausible G × E interactions associated with the prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma were identified using our proposed model. Notably, BHAFT models incorporating the effect heredity principle could identify both main and interaction effects, which are highly useful in exploring G × E interactions in high-dimensional survival analysis. The code and data used in our paper are available at https://github.com/SunNa-bayesian/BHAFT.

Boosting life sciences research in Brazil: building a case for a local Drosophila stock center.

Drosophila melanogaster is undoubtedly one of the most useful model organisms in biology. Initially used in solidifying the principles of heredity, and establishing the basic concepts of population genetics and of the synthetic theory of evolution, it can currently offer scientists much more: the possibility of investigating a plethora of cellular and biological mechanisms, from development and function of the immune system to animal neurogenesis, tumorigenesis and beyond. Extensive resources are available for the community of Drosophila researchers worldwide, including an ever-growing number of mutant, transgenic and genomically-edited lines currently carried by stock centers in North America, Europe and Asia. Here, we provide evidence for the importance of stock centers in sustaining the substantial increase in the output of Drosophila research worldwide in recent decades. We also discuss the challenges that Brazilian Drosophila scientists face to keep their research projects internationally competitive, and argue that difficulties in importing fly lines from international stock centers have significantly stalled the progression of all Drosophila research areas in the country. Establishing a local stock center might be the first step towards building a strong local Drosophila community that will likely contribute to all areas of life sciences research.

СОБОРНІСТЬ ЯК ЦЕНТРАЛЬНА КАТЕГОРІЯ ІСТОРІОСОФІЇ ПОЛІТИЧНОЇ ІДЕОЛОГІЇ КОНСЕРВАТИЗМУ

Analyses the category of conciliarity as the axial conceptual basis of the historiosophy of the ideological and political direction of conservatism. The main scientific problem of the work was to highlight the structural elements of this category, to study them descriptively, and to form a methodological basis for the study of political formation in comprehension the history of conservatism. In particular, the author identifies the fallacy of determining the core of conservatism based on the concept of traditionalism, due to its reactionary nature and transcendental socio-political attitudes, which reject the main thesis of conservatism, which is the presence of changes in the political and historical process. At the same time, the author of the article proposes to proceed from the concept of conciliarity as a category that fully reflects the conceptual basis of conservatism, which stems from its nature. Thus, in the course of the work, the author identifies the main structural elements of the historiosophy of conciliarity, in particular: simultaneous temporality and timelessness of the historical process, which is manifested in the fact that the past as an ontological structure of human existence does not cease to exist in the present, but is supplemented by the latter as a fundamental principle symbolising the variability of historical and social reality. Based on this, the second element of conciliarity was identified, which is the dialectical duality of the imitative and creative beginnings of social life, which is realised in a complex procedural system of sustainability and development of political phenomena. The third essential aspect of conciliarity in our context is the activity of supra-individual and personal principles and the socio-political historical process, which intensifies the principles of heredity and the willful and energetic transformation of political life. The last feature of this category was determined by us in the time-spatial dimension, when the historical formation of a certain social group is influenced not only by the general temporal context, but also by the second conjuncture of the spatial existence of a certain nation, which is parallel to the first. By synthesising all these essential features, historical conciliarity helps to find and form its own ontologically optimal political forms of existence and development for each people and nation, which is manifested in the essential constitutive of the socio-political system. Thus, history in conservatism directly or indirectly influences the modern political agenda.

Bayesian Approaches in Exploring Gene-environment and Gene-gene Interactions: A Comprehensive Review.

Rapid advancements in high-throughput biological techniques have facilitated the generation of high-dimensional omics datasets, which have provided a solid foundation for precision medicine and prognosis prediction. Nonetheless, the problem of missing heritability persists. To solve this problem, it is essential to explain the genetic structure of disease incidence risk and prognosis by incorporating interactions. The development of the Bayesian theory has provided new approaches for developing models for interaction identification and estimation. Several Bayesian models have been developed to improve the accuracy of model and identify the main effect, gene-environment (G×E) and gene-gene (G×G) interactions. Studies based on single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are significant for the exploration of rare and common variants. Models based on the effect heredity principle and group-based models are relatively flexible and do not require strict constraints when dealing with the hierarchical structure between the main effect and interactions (M-I). These models have a good interpretability of biological mechanisms. Machine learning-based Bayesian approaches are highly competitive in improving prediction accuracy. These models provide insights into the mechanisms underlying the occurrence and progression of complex diseases, identify more reliable biomarkers, and develop higher predictive accuracy. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive review of these Bayesian approaches.

Spatial patterns of flower colour variation in native and introduced ranges of Convolvulus arvensis (Convolvulaceae) revealed by citizen-science data and machine learning.

Flower colour polymorphism refers to the presence of multiple colour variants in plant populations. Investigation of this phenomenon led to multiple discoveries, including the principles of heredity and the foundations of population genetics. I examined flower colour variation across native and introduced ranges of Convolvulus arvensis, which exhibits flower colour polymorphism (individuals have white or pink petals). To study flower colour variation of this species throughout large geographic scale, I used observations gathered from the iNaturalist platform. To handle a large amount of data, I trained a neural network to classify the plants' morphs based on photographs. After which I performed spatial analyses to examine the patterns of the colour frequency, also in relation to environmental factors. The results show that flower colours are polymorphic across the whole species range, but the frequency of pink versus white flowers varies. In the Palearctic, I observed geographic clines of colour morph frequencies: a higher frequency of the pink morph in populations from Northwest Europe, whereas in South and East Europe, towards the eastern edge of the range, the white morph was dominant. In contrast, pattern of colour distribution in North America (where the species is invasive) seems random, but the model indicates a link between higher proportions of pink morphs in mild and humid climates. The mechanisms behind the observed patterns remain largely unknown, as changes in a morphs' frequency are not strongly linked to abiotic factors. To understand the spatial pattern, a detailed investigation, accounting for the species' phylogeography is needed. This study provides another example of how the general public may collect data relevant to ecological studies, even when the data are not collected for a specific project.

Мodulus of Elasticity as a Function of a Process in Hereditary Mechanics

The article considers the problem of determining the modulus of elasticity for polymer materials. The measurement process of these materials is considerably complex, mainly due to the fact that they comply with the laws of viscoelasticity. The Boltzmann — Volterra method is applied to the consideration of the behavior of a hereditarily elastic body, namely, to synthetic threads. We revealed that the elastic modulus for polymer materials is not a constant value and depends on the frequency of exposure during the deformation of the material. It is particularly noted that the modulus of elasticity is not a function of the state, but a function of the process. In this regard, it is necessary to consider various modes of deformation, namely static, acoustic, and dynamic modes. The Boltzmann heredity principle is utilized to provide a clear understanding of the concepts of static, dynamic, and acoustic modulus of elasticity. Furthermore, the applicability of the Boltzmann equation to dynamic mechanical processes is analyzed using two methods — the hierarchy of relaxation times and the method of linearization. In addition, the concept of the interaction core of static and dynamic parts of deformation is introduced. This concept helps to explain the relationship between the static and dynamic moduli of elasticity and their impact on material properties.

Expressivism, Pluralism, and Charlotte Perkins Gilman's “A Suggestion on the Negro Problem”

Expressivism, Pluralism, and Charlotte Perkins Gilman's “A Suggestion on the Negro Problem”

Perspectives of indigenous communities on food security: understanding local values in agricultural practice

Kasepuhan Urug and Ciptagelar are indigenous communities consistently keep their heredity principles in maintaining food security applied in agricultural practices and daily life. This paper aims to explore the existence of local values in addressing their food security. By applying qualitative research method, data and information were collected from interviews and field observations. The results show that communities have local values as their social capital. These values are reflected in their agricultural practices, especially paddy cultivation as their staple food. Paddy is believed to be the embodiment of Goddess Sri as the manifestation of the source of life. Thus, they preserve their principle as a common belief to strengthen resiliency in food consumption. This result implies that a positive local value must be protected for generations and government support is needed to keep the local value with an appropriate program maintaining food security in harmony with local values.

Sufism as a way of self-implementation and knowledge of the truth

In this article, in the process of globalization, in the fight against the vices of a universal nature, such as “spiritual poverty”, “moral nihilism”, the comprehension of a constructive spiritual system of values, the essence of Sufism, which has universal characteristics, and the harmony of reality with the principle of heredity and modernity, the spiritual contribution of Sufism and mysticism to the improvement of man - it is based on the need for a synthesis of mental healing effects with modern innovations.

Mathematical Analyses in Genetics and Evolution

Evolution is the phenomenon of the development organisms from more simple earlier forms to more advanced forms in the course of a long period of time. The Genetics refers to inheritance of characters from the parental generation and to the changes in the characters that occur between the offspring of the parents. Mendelian heredity principles forms the foundation over which the modern understanding of the evolutionary process, i.e., “Modern Synthesis” was built. Mathematical derivations, equations and models were used by geneticists and evolutionists as tools to understand the Evolutionary Genetics over the period of time.

An ethnic ethnographic review: The kinship system of the Dayak Ribun tribe in West Kalimantan

This research aims to explore the kinship system of the Dayak Ribun tribe in West Kalimantan. It uses the kinship system tree to visualize the relationship roots. This effort is also based on the refinement of the tree that has existed in the past. Moreover, the method used is an ethnographic approach, where data collection is carried out explicitly using observation, in-depth interviews, and live-in. Ethnic ethnography is gathering a variety of information from its source. According to the results, the kinship system in the Dayak Ribun community is bilateral, that is, relations through two family lineages, both sides of the mother or wife and father or husband. The principle of heredity is bilateral, where the responsibilities of husband and wife are the same in the family, both in children's education and in controlling the family economy. The marriage of a family member who is still a descendant from both the father and the mother is strictly prohibited, which is only allowed to marry between cousins ​​three times. In the distribution of inheritance, there is no difference between sons and daughters. Still, there are differences in some instances, especially for those who remain with their parents. They will get a higher share because they are responsible for their parents' old age until they die.

Philippe Artières, Un Séminariste assassin: L’affaire Bladier, 1905

At the end of the nineteenth and in the early years of the twentieth century, encouraging violent criminals to write their life stories became an accepted tool of forensic medicine. The autobiographical texts which emerged became vital building blocks in the psychological diagnosis of the subject. One of the leading international exponents of this method was the Lyon-based professor Alexandre Lacassagne, who developed a science of criminal anthropology guided by the principles of heredity and phrenology (the idea that mental functions could be precisely located in specific parts of the brain). Lacassagne was fascinated by abnormal behaviour and urged the inmates of Lyon prisons to write their autobiographies. He took a paternal interest in them, studied their tattoos, and used their life writing as a key to understanding the criminal personality. Philippe Artières has been working on Lacassagne’s papers for over 25 years, and they formed the basis of his previous work Le livre des vies coupables: autobiographies de criminels, 1896-1909 (The book of guilty lives) (Paris, 2000 and 2014). In this new book, he revisits one particularly disturbing case – the Bladier affair of 1905.

Http://habibiaislamicus.com/index.php/hirj/article/view/148

Genetics is the study of heredity principles and their relative mechanisms or the process of traits are transferred from parents to next generations. Biotechnologists can help the families to solves their problems by means of assisted reproduction and allied technologies offering new horizons of understanding the kinship. Also suggest the possible strategies to manage the inherited incidences related to kinship. As for fruitful productivity of genetic engineering, religion should be intrinsically compatible. Biotechnology attempts to explain the reality and basic principles of human inheritance by means of DNA sequences. Describing the Islamic worldview on counselling the importance of inheritance is a comprehensive approach to familiarise the ummah. For this, genetics could be a holistic and universal tool to begin with. In this paper, the principle sources of Islamic Shariah law are al-Quran and Sunnah along with other Islamic principles such as ijmaa with Qawaid Fiqhiyyah and Maqasid al-Shariah will also be applied to frame the scope of genetics in Islamic ethical guidelines. Such guidelines could be used to brief the many segments of society such as students, general public, biologists, law enforcement agencies and regulating stakeholders. These guidelines will deliver a comprehensive, practical and applicable view on Islamic law while welcoming the latest discoveries of genetic engineering and advanced biotechnology. In conclusion, genetics with Islamic ethics is the most appropriate platform to brief and guide the society on the adequacy of current genetics and modern biotechnology development, while focusing on the science of genetics and applying it to our lives with an Islamic perspective.

Meritocracy, Heredity and Worthies in Early Daoism

Abstract This study explores the principles of meritocracy and heredity as formulated in the three works of early Daoist philosophy, the Laozi, Zhuangzi and Wenzi. Because Daoist philosophy emerged in critical response to the Confucian worldview, this investigation is placed against the backdrop of pertinent Confucian propositions. To this end, the study begins with a review of Confucian positions on the issue of meritocracy and heredity as expressed in the main transmitted works, as well as newly excavated texts that can be associated with this intellectual tradition. The paper concludes that, while indeed rejecting the Confucian understanding of meritocracy, Daoist texts operated with their own concepts on human excellency. Moreover, the opposition between meritocracy and heredity characteristic of some Confucian works appears less pronounced in early Daoist philosophy.

Active Effects Selection which Considers Heredity Principle in Multi-Factor Experiment Data Analysis

The sparsity principle suggests that the number of effects that contribute significantly to the response variable of an experiment is small. It means that the researchers need an efficient selection procedure to identify those active effects. Most common procedures can be found in literature work by considering an effect as an individual entity so that selection process works on individual effect. Another principle we should consider in experimental data analysis is the heredity principle. This principle allows an interaction effect is included in the model only if the correspondence main effects are there in. This paper addresses the selection problem that takes into account the heredity principle as Yuan et al. (2007) did using least angle regression (LARS). Instead of selecting the effects individually, the proposed approach perform the selection process in groups. The advantage our proposed approach, using genetic algorithm, is on the opportunity to determine the number of desired effect, which the LARS approach cannot.

Evaluating the Role of Molecular Heredity in the Optical and Electronic Properties of Cross-Conjugated Benzo[1,2-d:4,5-d']bisoxazoles.

A series of eight benzo[1,2-d:4,5-d′]bisoxazole (BBOs) were synthesized using the heredity principle as a design motif, whereby we investigated which characteristics of the linear parents were inherited by their cross-conjugated children. Four linear parents bearing 4-tert-butylbenzene (P) or 1,3-bis(4-tert-butylphenyl)benzene (M) at either the 2,6- or 4,8-position on the BBO and four cross-conjugated children bearing various combinations of the two isoelectronic aryl substituents were evaluated. Due to the bulky nature of the M substituent compared to that of the P substituent, the influence of steric hindrance along the BBO axes was explored theoretically and experimentally. The optical and electronic properties of each molecule were investigated in the solution and solid state using density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT (TD-DFT) and characterized using ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS), ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) spectroscopy, and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. The well-correlated theoretical and experimental results showed that the selective tuning of the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy levels was possible through the strategic placement of substituents without impacting the H → L transition energy. Specifically, the theoretical results demonstrated that for the BBO children the HOMO and LUMO energy levels were inherited from the 4,8- and 2,6-parents, respectively. Each molecule was found to exhibit emission maxima ≤451 nm, making them ideal candidates for blue organic light-emitting diode (OLED) materials.

Penerapan Algoritme Genetik Untuk Seleksi Peubah Regresi Logistik

In a study, interaction factors are the potential to have important effects on the response variable. But research involving interaction factors often encounters two problems, namely the excessive number of variables and the difficulty of implementing the heredity principle. The alternative solution is to do variable selection using a metaheuristic optimization method, In this study, the logistic regression variable selection was done using a genetic algorithm. The genetic algorithm is modified so that every independent variable has a different probability to be included in the model. That probability is based on the absolute value of the correlation of the independent variable with the response variable. These modifications have a positive effect on the results of variable selection. To choose significant independent variables, 30 repetitions of the genetic algorithm can be performed using the objective function AIC. Of the 30 repetitions, if a variable appears in all formed models, then the variable is an independent variable that has a significant effect on the response variable. The application of this method to Myopia data can show significant variables well.

Eugenics between Darwin’s Εra and the Holocaust

Heredity and reproduction have always been matters of concern. Eugenics is a story that began well before the Holocaust, but the Holocaust completely changed the way eugenics was perceived at that time. What began with Galton (1883) as a scientific movement aimed at the improvement of the human race based on the theories and principles of heredity and statistics became by the beginning of the 20th century an international movement that sought to engineer human supremacy. Eugenic ideas, however, trace back to ancient Greek aristocratic ideas exemplified in Plato’s Republic, which played an important role in shaping modern eugenic social practices and government policies. Both positive (prevention and encouragement of the propagation of the fit, namely without hereditary afflictions, i.e. socially acceptable) and negative (institutionalization, sterilization, euthanasia) eugenics focused on the encouragement of healthy and discouragement of unhealthy reproduction. All these practices were often based on existing prejudices about race and disability. In this article, we will focus on the rise of eugenics, starting with the publication of Origin of Species to the Holocaust. This examination will be multidisciplinary, utilizing genetics, legal history and bioethical aspects. Through this examination, we will discuss how provisional understandings of genetics influenced eugenics-based legislation. We will also discuss the rise of biopolitics, the change of medical ethos and stance towards negative eugenics policies, and the possible power of bioethical principles to prevent such phenomena.

MENINGKATKAN MOTIVASI SISWA KELAS XII IPA 1 SMA NEGERI 1 SAKTI KABUPATEN PIDIE DALAM PELAJARAN BIOLOGI MENGGUNAKAN MODEL KOOPERATIF LEARNING DENGAN TEKNIK BERNYANYI

Research entitled "Improving Student Motivation of Class XII Science 1 of SMA Negeri 1 Sakti in Pidie Regency in Biology Lessons Using Cooperative Learning Models with Singing Techniques" The problem formulation is (1) How do students' motivation in using cooperative learning models with singing techniques on principles material human heredity in class XII of SMA Negeri 1 Sakti, (2) How are the activities of students and teachers in using cooperative learning models with singing techniques on the principles of human heredity in class XII of SMA Negeri 1 Sakti, (3) How do students respond to the use of cooperative learning models with singing techniques on the material principles of human heredity in class XII of SMA Negeri 1 Sakti. This research is a classroom action research (CAR), with the subject of the research being students of class XII, collecting data using tests and observation sheets. Data were analyzed using percentage descriptive statistics. The results of data analysis can be concluded that: (1) There was an increase in the learning outcomes of class XII students of SMA Negeri 1 Sakti on the material principles of heredity by using cooperative learning models with singing techniques. This can be seen from the individual completeness of 66 percent in the first cycle to 83 percent in the second cycle. Classical completeness also increased from the first cycle by 50 percent, to 70 percent in the second cycle, (2) Teacher and student activities between the first cycle to the second cycle increased based on the time spent in the second cycle closer to the ideal time than in the first cycle , (3) There is an increase in student motivation on the material principles of human heredity through the use of cooperative learning models with singing techniques. This is seen from the response of students who say that there are benefits gained in learning through the use of cooperative learning models with singing techniques to the material that has been learned.