Principles Of Economic Geography Research Articles

Progress in Geography: The Record of the I. B. G.

The foundation of the Institute of British Geographers came as the culmination of the movement to establish geography in British universities which began with Keltie's report to the Royal Geographical Society in 1885 (Keltie, 1886) and Mackinder's subsequent appointment to Oxford in 1887. After Oxford and Cambridge a lectureship was established at Manchester in 1892, and the first decade of the new century saw appointments at Aberystwyth, Reading, Sheffield, Liverpool, Edinburgh, Leeds and Glasgow. By 1920 there were also lecturers at Southampton, the London School of Economics and Aberdeen. Success was not assured, however, until the institution of honours courses (at Liverpool in 1917, London School of Economics and Aberystwyth in 1918, Cambridge in 1919, Manchester in 1923 and Sheffield in 1924) and the establishment of chairs (University College London in 1903, Reading 1907, Oxford 1910, Aberystwyth and Liverpool 1917, and Birkbeck College London 1920). Paradoxically success was long delayed at Oxford, where Mackinder had been the pioneer, with the Honour School not established until 1933, 46 years after Mackinder's appointment (Stoddart, 1981). Thus by the 1920s not only was geography being taught to degree level at a number of universities, but the first graduates in the subject were themselves seeking teaching positions. Thus Alfred Steers, for example, who took first class honours in the first Tripos examination at Cambridge in 1921, was appointed to a demonstratorship by his old university in 1926. The body of pioneer geographers was numerically small, and most had originally been trained as geologists, classicists, historians or explorers. Their research interests were eclectic and even disparate. Rudmose Brown, for example, best known as a polar botanist, also studied sea urchins and starfish in Burma and Mozambique, yet nevertheless managed to write a textbook on principles of economic geography in 1920. Coherence and a sense of identity began to develop at the time of the 12th International Geographical Congress, held in Cambridge in 1928. This brought the British geographers into contact with men of the stature of Brigham and Atwood, Boggs, Bowman and Douglas Johnson from the United States, de Martonne, de Margerie, Demangeon, Cholley and Sorre from France, and Biasutti and Almagia from Italy (Germany was not then a member of the Union). The British contingent, dominated as it was by such figures as Sir Charles Close, Sir Percy Cox, Sir William Goodenough and Sir Halford Mackinder from the Royal Geographical Society, nevertheless included some thirty academic geographers who were to dominate the subject in British universities for the next quarter of a century.' Coincident with the Congress was the publication of the volume edited by A. G. Ogilvie, Great Britain: Essays in Regional Geography (1928). Of the 26 authors who contributed to this, 14 attended the Cambridge Congress, and 13 were subsequently Founder Members of the Institute. The ten contributors who fell into both groups formed a nucleus of British geography at the time: they were C. B. Fawcett (1883-1952), H. J. Fleure (1877-1969), W. W. Jervis (1892-1959), R. H. Kinvig (1893-1969), A. G. Ogilvie (1887-1954), Hilda Ormsby (1878-1973), O. H. T. Rishbeth (1885-1942), P. M. Roxby (1880-1947), R. N. Rudmose Brown (1879-1957), and A. Stevens (1886-1965).

The Principles of Economic Geography

The Principles of Economic Geography

Principles of Human Geography The Principles of Economic Geography

THE almost simultaneous appearance of two educational works on geography bearing very similar titles is not without significance. It shows the pressure of circumstances leading to the further elimination from geographical teaching of the mere enumeration of facts which has long been felt to be a desideratum, and to substitute an exposition which may claim to be regarded as a statement of principles. The result is, at any rate, the publication of two very good books, which may be welcomed as forming an important contribution to the definition of geography as it is coming more and more to be apprehended in the higher teaching of the subject. They may both be looked upon as going far towards supplying what the present reviewer has long felt to be a want among geographical text-books—a physical geography in which the main stress is laid upon influences, direct and indirect, on human life connected with place, rather than upon that aspect of the subject which looks to geology as its natural development; that in which almost the entire emphasis is laid on the operations by which the earth's crtist undergoes modification. Principles of Human Geography. By E. Huntington S. W. Cushing. Pp. xiv + 430. (New York: John Wiley and Sons, Inc.; London: Chapman and Hall, Ltd., 1921.) 21s. net. The Principles of Economic Geography. By Dr. R. N. Rudmose Brown. (Pitman's Economic Library.) Pp. xv + 208. (London: Sir Isaac Pitman and Sons, Ltd., 1920.) 10s. 6d. net.

The Principles of Economic Geography

The Principles of Economic Geography

Book Review: Pitman's Economic Library: The Principles of Economic Geography

Book Review: Pitman's Economic Library: The Principles of Economic Geography

The Principles of Economic Geography

The Principles of Economic Geography