Principles Of Cognitive Theory Research Articles

Study protocol: Collaboration Oriented Approach to Controlling High blood pressure (COACH) in adults – a randomised controlled trial

IntroductionHypertension, the clinical condition of persistent high blood pressure (BP), is preventable yet remains a significant contributor to poor cardiovascular outcomes. Digital self-management support tools can increase patient self-care behaviours...

Expansions of the theatre at the times of quantum: Temptation by radicalism

Relevance. This article explores the emerging field of �quantum theatre� and critically examines attempts to apply quantum concepts to theatrical theory and practice. Purpose. This article aims to evaluate the current state of quantum theatre research and propose new theoretical frameworks. Methodology. The author conducts a critical analysis of existing literature on quantum theatre, including works by Carol Fisher, Naomi Iizuka, Anne Bogart, and others. The methodology involves examining these works through the lens of quantum physics principles, while cautioning against simplistic analogies. Results. The analysis reveals that many current approaches to quantum theatre rely on superficial analogies to quantum phenomena without sufficient rigor. The author argues there is not yet a true �quantum theatre�, but rather early explorations of quantum-inspired ideas. The author proposes new theoretical frameworks drawing on Rupert Sheldrake�s morphogenetic fields and V.V. Nalimov�s �fields of consciousness� to understand theatrical phenomena. Conclusions. This article concludes that more rigorous interdisciplinary approaches drawing on quantum physics, biology, and consciousness studies offer promising directions for future research. The author suggests that theatre and artistic culture in general as open non-linear systems operating based on self-organization, self-regulation and self-development, with high degrees of freedom, can provide a unique understanding of quantum phenomena at the macro level, potentially contributing to the fundamental principles of cognitive theory. Keywords: morphogenetic fields; quantum biology; non-linear theatre; space-time in performance; post-non-classical art science

Signaling feedback mechanisms to promoting self-regulated learning and motivation in virtual reality transferred to real-world hands-on tasks

ABSTRACT Virtual reality (VR) provides a unique platform for interactive learning experiences, enhancing learning, particularly in hands-on courses. However, the visual load of VR and the lack of guidance and interaction from physical teachers or peers can pose challenges for learners in self-regulated learning (SRL) and learning motivation. This study designed feedback in the VR learning environment based on the signaling principles of Cognitive Theory of Multimedia Learning (CTML) to investigate learners’ SRL, learning motivation, cognitive levels, and their abilities to handle real-world scenarios. We developed a VR hands-on learning course on the Artificial Intelligence of Things (AIoT) and conducted two real-world AIoT hands-on tasks, implementing a quasi-experimental study with 71 university students. Participants were randomly assigned to either the experimental group or the control group. The experimental group received three types of feedback signals (gaze, progress, and decision) designed based on signaling principles, while the control group received no feedback. The results showed that the experimental group exhibited significantly higher levels of SRL and learning motivation compared to the control group after VR learning. The feedback group also performed better in terms of cognitive levels and real-world hands-on tasks.

Developing optimized physical activity interventions for drug-resistant epilepsy: Challenges and lessons learned from a remote exercise intervention pilot trial

People with epilepsy (PWE) stand to benefit significantly from increasing their physical activity, but promotion of physical activity is difficult in any population; a challenge compounded by the unique barriers encountered by PWE, especially those with drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE). This study explores the feasibility of a remotely delivered, 12-week aerobic exercise program based on social cognitive theory principles in adults with DRE. This line of research is nested within the Multiphase Optimization Strategy (MOST), a framework that emphasizes iterative early pilot work (preparation phase research), followed by iterative optimization phase research. Ten participants were recruited, and four out of ten completed the study, resulting in 3.8 % recruitment from those preliminarily eligible by chart review, and 40 % retention. While acceptability was high among those who completed the study, recruitment, retention, and uptake were low. Three key related lessons learned emerged: 1) low appeal of an exercise intervention in our population of DRE 2) barriers related to comorbid mental health struggles, and 3) fear of seizures. How to best approach physical activity promotion in PWE, particularly DRE, will require a somewhat novel approach involving iterative pilot work and optimization before large scale efficacy trials and implementation can be achieved.

The Effect of Digital Device Usage on Student Academic Performance: A Case Study

The aim of this investigation was to explore student behaviour when students brought their own digital devices into a lecture theatre. A total of 361 undergraduate psychology students from the University of Liverpool who used at least one digital device during lecture time fully completed an online questionnaire (159 first-, 124 second- and 78 third-year psychology students) during the 2018–2019 academic year. Although all the three years of undergraduate students brought laptops and/or smartphones into a lecture theatre, there was no significant difference in academic performance over the years of studies. The findings have linked student multitasking processes in a lecture theatre to Social Cognitive Theory principles (reciprocal interactions between behaviours, learning environment, and individuals). There was a significant difference between the three years regarding the use of applications and student characteristics after controlling for the different types of devices. Students who used only one application during lecture time were more likely to achieve higher academic performance as they were less distracted from their primary tasks of processing and retaining information. Overall, this investigation concluded the importance of reconsidering the teaching delivery process so as to avoid students’ escapism using devices during lecture theatres due to their engagement level and lecture norm pressures.

A total facility approach to reducing HIV stigma in health facilities: implementation process and lessons learned.

To describe development and implementation of a three-stage 'total facility' approach to reducing health facility HIV stigma in Ghana and Tanzania, to facilitate replication. HIV stigma in healthcare settings hinders the HIV response and can occur during any interaction between client and staff, between staff, and within institutional processes and structures. Therefore, the design focuses on multiple socioecological levels within a health facility and targets all levels of staff (clinical and nonclinical). The approach is grounded in social cognitive theory principles and interpersonal or intergroup contact theory that works to combat stigma by creating space for interpersonal interactions, fostering empathy, and building efficacy for stigma reduction through awareness, skills, and knowledge building as well as through joint action planning for changes needed in the facility environment. The approach targets actionable drivers of stigma among health facility staff: fear of HIV transmission, awareness of stigma, attitudes, and health facility environment. The results are the three-stage process of formative research, capacity building, and integration into facility structures and processes. Key implementation lessons learned included the importance of formative data to catalyze action and shape intervention activities, using participatory training methodologies, involving facility management throughout, having staff, and clients living with HIV facilitate trainings, involving a substantial proportion of staff, mixing staff cadres and departments in training groups, and integrating stigma-reduction into existing structures and processes. Addressing stigma in health facilities is critical and this approach offers a feasible, well accepted method of doing so.

Uma sequência didática utilizando a literatura de cordel e a arte das histórias em quadrinhos para inserção de tópicos de Física Quântica no Ensino Médio

A inserção de tópicos de Física Moderna e Contemporânea (FMC) no Ensino Médio é um desafio no atual panorama do ensino de Física. Na perspectiva de colaborar com esse debate, apresenta-se, neste artigo, uma sequência didática utilizando material com elementos de expressão artística com o objetivo de auxiliar os professores do Ensino Médio na abordagem de tópicos de Mecânica Quântica voltados aos estudantes. A história em quadrinhos (HQs), Os moídos e pelejas desde o átomo clássico inté o átomo quântico, aborda interpretações básicas das teorias de Planck, Bohr, de Broglie e Schrödinger sobre a estrutura dos átomos. A experiência de aplicação aconteceu em uma turma do terceiro ano mediante uma sequência didática inspirada na Unidade de Ensino Potencialmente Significativa (UEPS), levando em consideração princípios da teoria cognitiva da aprendizagem significativa. Os resultados da experiência foram analisados em uma abordagem quali-quantitativa e indicaram um satisfatório avanço na desenvoltura dos estudantes, com isso, colaborando para o desenvolvimento de uma postura investigativa e demonstrando envolvimento com o material didático, comprometimento com o trabalho em equipe e, principalmente, compreensão inicial dos conceitos e fenômenos estudados. A contextualização do conteúdo em versos de cordel e ilustrações da HQs, mediante a aproximação entre Arte e Ciências, propiciou aos estudantes um pensar e estudar Física sob o viés da criatividade, bem como mais liberdade para o estímulo do desenvolvimento da capacidade imaginativa.

After Ringing the Bell: Receptivity of and Preferences for Healthy Behaviors in African American Dyads Surviving Lung Cancer.

To explore receptivity of and preferences for risk-reducing health behavior changes among African American survivors of early-stage lung cancer and their family members. 26 African American non-small cell lung cancer survivor-family member dyads were recruited from two cancer programs in the southeastern United States. Social cognitive theory principles guided the design and implementation of focus groups. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the data, and thematic analysis was used to interpret the transcripts from the focus groups. The following four themes were identified. Participants emphasized the need for improved provider communication. Pragmatic communication interventions for providers, survivors, and family members may facilitate behavior change and improve outcomes among underserved populations.

Injustice narratives in a post-truth society: emotional discourses and social purpose in Southwest of Salem: the story of the San Antonio four

ABSTRACT This article discusses Southwest of Salem: the story of the San Antonio four (2016, Deborah Esquinazi) as a feature-length example of the injustice narrative documentary. It studies links between its narrative strategies and emotional engagement using the principles of cognitive theory to explain the diverse ways such a film can be received by viewers. Despite its long history and popularity in journalism, literature, film and television, the true crime genre and its subcategories have rarely earned critical praise or value. The intention here is to discuss how we can value this documentary and others for the ways they encourage emotional engagement, not as a strategy designed merely for entertainment, but to encourage critical debate on the infallibilities of institutional discourses, especially the manipulation of emotion in the legal system. As a consequence, this article will argue injustice narrative documentaries are not simply cliched and voyeuristic sensationalism, but instead have a valid social purpose.

تدريس النحو في ضوء النظرية المعرفية لطلاب الصف الرابع بمعهد دار النجا الإسلامي السلفي فونوروغو

The purpose of this study to find out: 1) the appropriateness of learning nahwu with the principles of cognitive theory and 2) the problem of learning nahwu with in the perspective of cognitive theory for 4th grade students at Salaf Boarding School Daarunnajaa Ponorogo. This study uses a descriptive method of analysis with qualitative approach. The results of this study are as follows: 1) Learning nahwu for 4th grade students at Salaf Boarding School Daarunnajaa Ponorogo in accordance with some learning procedures in the cognitive perspective and reflects its realization in the learning process nahwu and also not out or different from some basic procedures include: preparation of the title of the material in textbooks, teachers entering the classroom and greeting the students, the teacher starts the lesson by explaining the rules and then giving examples, the education has a meaningful activity position, the teacher uses an intermediate language, error correction is an integral part of the linguistic activities in the classroom, the learning takes place with one the concept begins with a conscious understanding and ends with training and learning rules. 2) The problem of learning nahwu in the perspective of cognitive theory that includes from the problem of intelligence, attention and memory

HIV Stigma Reduction for Health Facility Staff: Development of a Blended- Learning Intervention.

Introduction: The effect of stigma on health and health inequity is increasingly recognized. While many medical conditions trigger stigmatization, the negative effects of HIV stigma are particularly well documented. HIV stigma undermines access, uptake, and adherence to both HIV prevention and treatment. People living with HIV face stigma in all aspects of their daily lives; however, stigma in the health system is particularly detrimental. A key component for health facility stigma-reduction interventions is participatory training of staff, often through several days of in-person training. Though this approach shows promise, it is time intensive and poses challenges for busy health facilities. In response, the DriSti study has developed a brief blended-learning approach to stigma reduction in Karnataka State, India. This paper describes the process and final content of the intervention development. The intervention is currently being tested. Final evaluation results will be published upon study completion.Methods: Grounded in behavior change strategies based on social cognitive theory principles that stress the importance of combining interpersonal interactions with specific strategies that promote behavior change, we used a three-phase approach to intervention development: (1) content planning—review of existing participatory stigma-reduction training activities; (2) story boarding—script development and tablet content production; and (3) pilot testing of tablet and in-person session materials.Results: The final intervention curriculum consists of three sessions. Two initial self-administered tablet sessions focus on stigma awareness, attitudes, fears of HIV transmission, and use of standard precautions. The third small group session covers the same material but includes skill building through role-play and testimony by a person living with HIV. A study team member administers the tablet sessions, explains the process, and is present throughout to answer questions.Conclusion: This paper describes the theoretical underpinning and process of developing the blended-learning curriculum content, and practical lessons learned.The approach covers three key drivers of HIV stigma—stigma awareness, fear of HIV transmission, and attitudes. Developing video content for the self-directed learning is complex, requires a diverse set of people and skills, and presents unexpected opportunities for stigma reduction. Co-facilitation of the in-person session by someone living with HIV is a critical component.

The Effects of Multimedia Courseware Design Based on Cognitive Theory of Multimedia Learning on Academic Achievement and Instructional Efficiency

The main aim of this study is to search the effect of teaching software which was designed based on Mayer’s Cognitive Theory of Multimedia Learning Principles (2001) on students’ academic achievement, retention levels and instructional efficiency. With this aim, post-test scores and repeated post-test scores of second grade students for Measurement and Evaluation course at Cukurova University, Faculty of Education, Computer and Instruction Education Technology Department were used. The study was carried out with the experimental group including 37 students and the control group consisting of 36 students on statistical concepts. While the teaching for the experimental group was carried out via software prepared considering cognitive theory principles in multimedia learning, the control group was taught via a computer presentation prepared by a subject expert. To collect the data for the study, statistical concepts academic achievement test and cognitive load scale were utilized. The results of the study indicated that teaching via a software designed in line with cognitive theory principles in multimedia learning was found to be more successful in students’ academic success, retention in learning and instructional efficiency when compared with teaching via computer presentation.

ALLEGORICAL IMAGERY OF VIRA VOVK`S POETRY

The aim of the article is to show the allegory as one of the techniques of modeling art reality in the work of Vira Vovk. The paper investigates the structural and functional features of allegorical images, focuses on the relationship between metaphorical and allegorical methods of artistic generalization in the works of the poet.The authors apply the methods of structural, semantic and stylistic analysis of the text based on the principles of cognitive theory of metaphor. The results show that Vira Vovk`s creative evolution regarded as a movement to create a complete unity based on such philosophical and aesthetic principles as religion, national tradition of folk and mythological motifs shaped on synthetics creative thinking. The mature work of the poet are considered in such poetry collections as “Kappa Cross”, “Obarinky” “Oratorio of praise” and ”Land sparkling”, presents the poetic imagination intention to create spacious generalized cross motifs, metaphors and detailed symfor uniting objectives arrays of collections and are detailed in consecutive rows of symbols, allegories, parabolas, which are the backbone to individual collections cycles, concrete poems. A special role in Vira Vovk`s lyrics plays metonymy which considered the material of poetry collections “Women's mask”, “Obarinky” and “Oratorio of praise”.So, the article illustrated that poets rarely uses a straight allegory, as in the book “Obarinky”, which contains a large collection of classic and non-canonical myths and allegories. Much more productive is to use in the work different elements of metonymy that under the metaphorical artistic strategies are synthetic images which features inherent textual metaphors symfory, metonymy and character. These images constitute the conceptual basis for artistic model of the world, sending in final assembly “Oratorio of praise”. They form the basis poetic universe, spiritual lyrical characteristics and determine its main field of activity, the world of ideas, experiences and feelings.

Spirituality and Second Language Education

No doubt any discussion of language learning without taking into consideration the strong influence of social behavior will be in vain. Constructivist theories and methodologies of language learning have firmly refuted many key principles of cognitive theory which reckoned learners as individuals whose process of learning takes place in isolation. By putting accent on communication, the proponents of constructivism endeavor to bring into limelight the significant role the society and environment play in the development of language. No doubt any communication occurs based on shared value systems or spiritual outlooks. The present paper, in an unprecedented study, aims to establish a connection between language pedagogy and spirituality. The study provides ample literature to show how adopting a spiritual outlook towards teaching considerably accelerates the process of learning by raising autonomy, confidence, self-esteem and feelings of empathy and by reducing stress and condescending approaches.

Avaliação de objetos de aprendizagem sobre o sistema digestório com base nos princípios da Teoria Cognitiva de Aprendizagem Multimídia

Esta pesquisa se propõe a avaliar objetos de aprendizagem (OAs) digitais relacionados à temática "sistema digestório" a partir de alguns princípios da Teoria Cognitiva de Aprendizagem Multimídia (TCAM). Para a análise, selecionaram-se OAs de fácil acesso, livres de custos ao usuário final, apresentados em língua portuguesa e adequados a alunos do Ensino Médio. Observou-se que a maioria dos modelos instrucionais não levou em consideração os princípios dessa teoria na sua construção e produção. Os resultados obtidos neste estudo indicam que, em relação ao conteúdo "sistema digestório", existe a necessidade de que o planejamento e a construção de OAs sejam orientados por princípios que visem tornar o uso dos recursos multimídia mais eficientes, do ponto de vista cognitivo.

Mindfulness-based Mode Deactivation Therapy for Adolescents with Behavioral Problems and Complex Comorbidity: Concepts in a Nutshell and Cost-Benefit Analysis

Mindfulness-based Mode Deactivation Therapy (MDT) was conceptualized on the principles of cognitive theory for adolescents with behavioral problems and complex comorbid disorders. The theory and methodology addresses many of the shortcomings that were experienced in treating this population with available therapy approaches. As a systematic, manualized, and contextual treatment, MDT incorporates selected elements from approaches such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), and Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), together with the unique Validation-Clarification-Redirection (VCR) change technique. Numerous empirical research studies have established MDT as an effective treatment for adolescents that consistently outperform alternative interventions. A cost-benefit analysis illustrates that MDT is also a cost-effective treatment, potentially saving between four and nine dollars in consequential behavioral costs for every dollar spent on the residential treatment of an adolescent. Therefore, there is ample evidence that Mode Deactivation Therapy (MDT) is a third wave therapy with potential to become the preferred intervention for this population. The objective of this article is to present a condensed summary of this evidence, together with a brief overview of the concepts and principles that constitute the MDT theory and methodology.

Using a multimedia learning tool to improve creative performance

This study explored the effects of using computer-based multimedia learning materials on creative performance. A multimedia learning tool (MLT) was developed as part of a specific mechanical engineering subject taking into consideration appropriate load on the cognitive system for effective information and creative cognitive processing. The theoretical perspectives and design principles of Cognitive Theory of Multimedia Learning (CTML) shaped the development of the MLT. Students’ creative thinking and product creativity were measured using established creativity instruments namely the Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking (TTCT) and Creative Product Semantic Scale (CPSS). For creative thinking the results showed that the MLT was instrumental for students to generate flexible and original ideas, but not fluent ideas. This was reflected through students’ product creativity which showed novel and aesthetic qualities, but lacked practicality. Students’ perceptions supported the MLT's partial influence especially through the use of animations. The findings suggest possible effects of dynamic learning materials on creative performance which however require further exploration.

Exploiting Multimedia in Reproductive Science Education: Research Findings

Education in reproductive science is operating from an outdated paradigm of teaching and learning. Traditionally, reproductive education follows the pattern where students read a textbook, listen to instructor presentations, re-read the textbook and class notes and then complete a test. This paradigm is inefficient, costly and has not incorporated the potential that technology can offer with respect to increases in student learning. Further, teachers of reproductive science (and all of science for that matter) have little training in the use of documented methods of instructional design and cognitive psychology. Thus, most of us have learned to teach by repeating the approaches our mentors used (both good and bad). The technology now exists to explain complex topics using multimedia presentations in which digital animation and three-dimensional anatomical reconstructions greatly reduce time required for delivery while at the same time improving student understanding. With funding from the Small Business Innovation Research program through the U.S. Department of Education, we have developed and tested a multimedia approach to teaching complex concepts in reproductive physiology. The results of five separate experiments involving 1058 university students and 122 patients in an OB/GYN clinic indicate that students and patients learned as much or more in less time when viewing the multimedia presentations when compared to traditional teaching methodologies.

Leveraging the Power of Web 2.0 Tools: A Wiki Platform as a Multimedia Teaching and Learning Environment in Dental Education

This article presents the development and implementation of a wiki-based application for the delivery of educational content in dentistry. The Dental Procedure Education System (DPES) is a new web application that uses SharePoint to combine online collaborative authoring characteristic of wiki spaces with instructional video documentaries. Harnessing the wiki's versatility, DPES offers faculty members an avenue to develop an authoritative source of information for both students, through DPES Pro, and the public at large, through DPES Public. Principles of cognitive theory of multimedia learning, constructivist theory, and collaborative writing were employed in the development of DPES. An authoring protocol, with a clearly defined sequence of steps, was established in order to keep the production of the DPES procedures consistent and predictable. Initial, anecdotal user reports indicate that DPES is well received among dental students and faculty members. Expected outcomes and benefits of DPES use are discussed, and directions for research are proposed.

Preoperative Briefing in the Operating Room: Shared Cognition, Teamwork, and Patient Safety

Contemporary preoperative team briefings conducted to improve patient safety focus mainly on supplying identification details regarding the patient and the surgical procedure. Drawing on cognitive theory principles, in this study a briefing protocol was developed that presents a broader perspective model of the patient and the planned procedure. In addition to customary identification details and drug sensitivities, the new briefing also includes review of significant background information, needed equipment, planned surgery stages, and so forth. The briefing content was developed following 130 continuous, nonstructured observations conducted in gynecologic and orthopedic operating rooms. The briefing form was designed as a large poster hung in a visible position on the operating room wall. The poster guides the team members (ie, nurses, surgeons, and anesthesiologists) in their conduct. Briefing is conducted orally, and no written records are required. The number of nonroutine events (ie, situations that, if not corrected, might lead to patient harm) observed in the 130 surgeries conducted without briefing was compared with the number of events in 102 surgeries in which briefing was conducted. There was a 25% reduction in the number of nonroutine events when briefing was conducted and a significant increase in the number of surgeries in which no nonroutine event was observed. Team members evaluated the briefing as most valuable for their own work, the teamwork, and patient safety. Following the study, the new briefing format was accepted and adopted for routine use. Team briefings designed to supply a broader-perspective surgery model may be an easy-to-apply tool to reduce the number of nonroutine events during surgery and increase patient safety. Contemporary preoperative team briefings conducted to improve patient safety focus mainly on supplying identification details regarding the patient and the surgical procedure. Drawing on cognitive theory principles, in this study a briefing protocol was developed that presents a broader perspective model of the patient and the planned procedure. In addition to customary identification details and drug sensitivities, the new briefing also includes review of significant background information, needed equipment, planned surgery stages, and so forth. The briefing content was developed following 130 continuous, nonstructured observations conducted in gynecologic and orthopedic operating rooms. The briefing form was designed as a large poster hung in a visible position on the operating room wall. The poster guides the team members (ie, nurses, surgeons, and anesthesiologists) in their conduct. Briefing is conducted orally, and no written records are required. The number of nonroutine events (ie, situations that, if not corrected, might lead to patient harm) observed in the 130 surgeries conducted without briefing was compared with the number of events in 102 surgeries in which briefing was conducted. There was a 25% reduction in the number of nonroutine events when briefing was conducted and a significant increase in the number of surgeries in which no nonroutine event was observed. Team members evaluated the briefing as most valuable for their own work, the teamwork, and patient safety. Following the study, the new briefing format was accepted and adopted for routine use. Team briefings designed to supply a broader-perspective surgery model may be an easy-to-apply tool to reduce the number of nonroutine events during surgery and increase patient safety. Changing Culture: A New View of Human Error and Patient SafetyCHESTVol. 137Issue 2PreviewIn this issue of CHEST (see page 443 ), Einav and colleagues1 report the results of a study on preoperative briefings and patient care during gynecologic and orthopedic surgery. The findings of this study are important, not only because they indicate that preoperative briefings can reduce nonroutine events during surgery, but because they represent a prevailing shift in how human error and patient safety are viewed within many surgical specialties as well as the health-care community in general. Traditionally, surgical outcomes have been attributed primarily to the technical skills of the individual surgeon. Full-Text PDF