Random Sampling Principle Research Articles

Psychometric evaluation of the pictorial scale of perceived movement skill competence in Chinese children: An item response theory analysis.

This study aimed to investigate the psychometric characteristics of the Pictorial Scale of Perceived Movement Skill Competence (PMSC) in Chinese children, utilizing the principles of item response theory (IRT). A total of 284 children (147 boys), aged 4-10years (Mage = 7.39, SD = 2.18), from four schools were recruited for testing, adhering to the principle of random sampling. The Rasch model was applied to evaluate the rating scale validity, local independence, scale dimensionality, person and item fit statistics, and differential item functioning (DIF). (1) The rating scale validity was confirmed by the monotonically increasing trend in both average item difficulty measures and Andrich thresholds. (2) However, the observation that standardized residual correlations for all items remained below 0.3 unequivocally confirmed the presence of local independence among the variables. (3) The scale's dimensions were substantiated, with Rasch measures explaining 40.6% of total variance, exceeding the 40% threshold. Additionally, the first contrast had an eigenvalue of 1.8 and explained 8.80% of the variance, both exceeding the minimum 3:1 ratio. Consequently, the unidimensionality assumption of the item was supported. (4) Person and item fit statistics indicated requisite reliability and separation, with all achieving suitable infit and outfit measures, and point-biserial correlations exceeding 0.55. (5) Regarding gender DIF, it was observed that the majority of items did not exhibit statistically significant gender DIF effects (p > 0.05) except item 8 (Bounce a ball, t = -2.74, p < 0.01, DIF = -0.51). Rasch analysis revealed that the instrument exhibited strong scale validity among Chinese children, adhering to the Rasch model's unidimensionality and local independence principles, with robust person and item reliability and separation. All items demonstrated a good fit. Additionally, the significant gender difference in item 8 (Bounce a ball) warrants further consideration. In conclusion, PMSC is suitable for assessing the PMSC of Chinese children.

Designing a Constructive Leadership Implementation Model in the Higher Education System Using an Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) Approach

The present study designed a model for the implementation of constructive leadership in the higher education system using an interpretive structural modeling approach. This study was applied in terms of aim and qualitative type of descriptive in terms of method of implementation. The statistical population of the study included experts in educational and constructive leadership in higher education at Urmia University. Based on the principle of random sampling, 7 of them were selected as a sample using convenience and snowball sampling methods. A semi-structured interview with experts whose questions were designed based on the theoretical foundations of constructive leadership in higher education with the help of professors was used as the study tool. The validity of the results was examined and confirmed by the triangulation method. Also, its face validity was confirmed by the opinions of experts who were not members of the study, and its reliability was calculated at 0.83 using the inter-coder coefficient of the agreement method. The data obtained from semi-structured interviews were analyzed with open, axial, and selective coding based on grounded theory in MAXQDA software. The results showed that the model of constructive leadership in higher education based on grounded theory included 12 components and 9 dimensions. The category of causal conditions included two dimensions of the necessity of constructive management (with two components of knowledge management and organizational innovation) and organizational culture (with two components of collaborative management and innovative atmosphere). The category of contextual conditions included two dimensions of management maturity (with the component of evaluating and applying policies for constructive management) and the system of fostering change and transformation (with the component of establishing relationships with aligned people and organizations). The category of intervening conditions included the dimension of competition with the surrounding environment and increasing progress (with the component of planning and paying attention to facilities). The category of strategies included two dimensions having facilities and requirements (with the component of financing and equipment) and responsibility and cooperation (with the components of empathy and public desire). Finally, the category of implications included two dimensions of academic development (with 2 components of individual competence development and university development) and social development (with the component of gaining public trust).

Construction and acceptability of different complementary foods texture in infants and young children aged 6 to 23 months

To construct the complementary food texture in infants and young children aged 6 to 23 months, and observe the acceptability of complementary food of different months old infants. Based on the domestic and foreign guidelines, consensus and literatures on complementary feeding, and combined with the characteristics of children&apos;s growth and development in China. The complementary food texture index of 6-23 months old infants and young children was constructed. One province was selected in the south and north respectively, one city and one rural area was selected as the observation point in each province. The stratified random sampling principle was adopted in each observation point, 240 infants and young children were selected for the acceptability study. According to the food type, 12 common foods were selected to make the complementary food toolkit. The parents were instructed to make complementary food at home according to the corresponding month age, observe and record the acceptability of single/mixed complementary food feeding. The complementary food texture index of 6 months, 7-8 months, 9-11 months, 12-17 months, 18-23 months was constructed. Caregivers could make complementary food at the corresponding month age according to the established complementary food texture index. The acceptability of single complementary food for infants and young children aged 6-23 months was 98.3%, 98.7%, 99.8%, 96.9% and 97.5%, respectively. The acceptability of mixed complementary food for children aged 7-23 months was 98.3%, 99.6%, 93.8% and 97.5%, respectively. The complementary food texture index of different month age can be made at home, and the acceptability of different texture is good.

INFLUENCE OF THE AGRO-ECOLOGICAL ZONES IN SENEGAL ON DIETARY CONSUMPTION OF PEANUT

Peanutisa valuable source of nutrients, but the patterns of peanut consumption, consumption frequencies and factors influencing peanut consumption in Senegal are poorly understood.This study surveyed the populations of four agroecological zones of Senegal:The Peanut Basin (BA), the Lower and Middle Casamance (BMC), the Eastern Senegal and Upper Casamance (SOHC) and the Senegal River Valley (VFS) with the aim of generating data on the consumption of peanut to fill this lack of knowledge and information on this food which represents a good part of the diet of the Senegalese population. The survey sampling plan is designed according to the principles of simple random sampling (SAS) combined with prior stratification. The results of the study showed that peanut-based dishes such as Nieleng in the BA use approximately 1048g of peanut during its preparation. In the VFS, the preparation of Dakhine requires an intake of 692g of peanut. The frequency of consumption of peanut-based dishes also varies according to agro-ecological zones. In the Peanut Basin, Mafe using approximately 465.7g per dish is consumed once or twice a week as is Mbaxalu Saloum in the BMC where 222.8g of peanut are used for a prepared dish. Individual peanut consumption varies depending on the agro-ecological zones. The highest average consumption is noted in the BA with 50.57g. It is followed by the SOHC, the VFS and the BMC with respective values of 41.38g, 25.18g. and 24.73g. People headed by a man in households consume an average of 50g of peanut per day per dish and those headed by a woman, around 40g.Polygamous families consume on average 55.4g of peanut per day per peanut dish. People in families whose chef did not attend school consume on average 51.6g of peanut per dish followed by those whose chef attended Koranic school with 50.9g of peanut per dish per day.

The Investigation of Soccer Fans’ Social Media Using Motivations

Social media has become an indispensable part of the daily lives of most people who have come into contact with technology, and is one of the basic sources of communication and free expression. The popularity and number of social media users, which shape people’s behavior and enable online socialization, is increasing day by day. This increase can be largely attributed to the increasing number of computers, tablets, and especially smartphones, as well as the decreasing age of users. From this point of view, the aim of this study is to determine the motives of fans of the teams of the Turkish Football Super League for using social media. In this framework, a total of 460 people who were selected from the population according to the principle of random sampling constitute the sample of the study. In the study, the “Personal Information Form” prepared by the researcher was used to determine the demographic characteristics of the participants, and the “Motivations of Fans to Follow Their Teams on Social Media Scale” was used to investigate the fans’ motives for using social media. The descriptive statistics of the variables were conducted in the form of percentages (%), frequency, mean, and standard deviation using SPSS 25 package program for the analysis of the research. On the other hand, the t-test for independent samples and analysis of variance, which are parametric tests, were used to test the relationships between the variables. The result is that in the study of the motivations of fans to follow the accounts of the teams they support in social media, the gathering of information, sharing of information and the perception of being a fan are the most important. Therefore, it is recommended that clubs get to know their fan base and enrich the content of strongly preferred social media accounts according to the identified motivations to ensure the active participation of fans in this process.

Positive influence of teaching models on improving students’ anxiety

BackgroundThe blended teaching model refers to the combination of online and offline teaching methods, using both online platforms and physical classrooms, to provide students with a more flexible and diverse learning experience. The learning experience of online and offline blended teaching mode can help students better adapt to learning pressure and anxiety.Subjects and MethodsAccording to the principle of random sampling, 50 freshmen to seniors from a certain university were selected, including 25 males and 25 females. According to the results of the Anxiety Self Test Scale, there were 5 students with severe anxiety, 10 students with moderate anxiety, and 15 students with mild anxiety. A mixed online and offline teaching mode was used to teach students. Six months later, statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS3.0 software based on the results of the anxiety self-test scale.ResultsAll students with severe anxiety improved, with 2 showing mild anxiety and 3 showing no symptoms of anxiety. Among students with moderate anxiety, 8 have mild anxiety and 2 have no symptoms of anxiety. Students with mild anxiety have no symptoms of anxiety. The p-value of the results before and after intervention treatment is less than 0.05, which is statistically significant.ConclusionsThe combination of online and offline teaching modes has a positive impact on improving students’ anxiety disorder. Through flexible time arrangements, diverse learning methods, social support networks, and personalized learning experiences, it can help alleviate students’ anxiety symptoms, and improve learning outcomes, and mental health.

Analysis of Adverse Dietary Behavior and Its Influencing Factors among Early Adolescents in a City of Guangxi

Objective: To explore the situation of poor eating behavior in adolescents in early adolescence, analyze its influencing factors, and provide a theoretical basis for adolescents to formulate effective dietary intervention methods and nutrition improvement strategies. Methods: In April~November 2019, 1200 students were randomly selected according to the principle of stratified cluster random sampling in a city in Guangxi, and 1089 valid questionnaires were collected. General data use descriptive statistics, univariate analysis uses tests and t/t' tests, and logistic multivariate regression analysis is used to determine relevant factors. Results: (1) 806 adolescents (74.01%) were detected with bad eating behavior in early adolescence in a city in Guangxi, and the adolescents with bad eating behavior were older (P&lt;0.001). (2) Univariate analysis found that the effects of mental toughness, personal strength and support, peer pressure, and parent-child relationship on poor eating behavior were statistically significant (both P&lt;0.001). (3) The results of logistic multivariate regression analysis showed that psychological toughness, strong personal strength and close parent-child relationship were the protective factors of adolescents' bad eating behavior (personal strength: OR=0.960; parent-child relationship: OR=0.949High age and increased peer pressure were risk factors for poor eating behaviors in adolescents (age: OR=25.439; peer pressure: OR=1.052). Conclusion: In a city in Guangxi, adolescents with strong psychological toughness, strong personal strength and close parent-child relationship reduce the risk of adolescents' bad eating behaviors, and high age and peer pressure increase the risk of adolescents' bad eating behaviors.

Relationship Between Numeracy and Vocabulary Skills in Indonesian Preschool Children and the Impacts of Learning Environments.

Although many studies on early childhood have been conducted, there is still a need for further research on numeracy and vocabulary skills, particularly in Indonesia. This research aims to confirm the correlation between numeracy and vocabulary skills in preschool children and to disentangle the effects of environmental factors on both numeracy and vocabulary skills. This research was conducted at Early Childhood Education and Care (ECEC) in the Jatinangor district and followed the principle of simple random sampling. Children were given numeracy and vocabulary tests, parents were asked to fill out a questionnaire about sociodemographic aspects and the learning environment in their homes, and teachers were asked to fill out a questionnaire about preschool activities concerning numeracy and vocabulary. Data were analyzed using a structural equation model with numeracy and vocabulary as outcome variables. Covariates such as age, gender and social status were also included in the model. The results of this study show that numeracy is closely linked to vocabulary skills and that only a specific preschool activity can explain the variance of numeracy. On the other hand, both home numeracy activities and a specific preschool literacy activity are significant predictors of vocabulary skills.

INVESTIGATION ON MEDICAL STUDENTS’ SENSE OF SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AND ANALYSIS OF EMOTIONAL BEHAVIOR CHANGES -- A CASE STUDY OF COLLEGE STUDENTS IN HEFEI

INVESTIGATION ON MEDICAL STUDENTS’ SENSE OF SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AND ANALYSIS OF EMOTIONAL BEHAVIOR CHANGES -- A CASE STUDY OF COLLEGE STUDENTS IN HEFEI

Sampling method for long-term monitoring of indoor environmental quality in residential buildings

The data collected during long-term monitoring (LTM) of indoor environmental quality (IEQ) can reflect occupants’ exposure to contaminants and can be used to improve thermal comfort. As there are large differences among existing guidelines for IEQ monitoring of dwellings, it is important to identify a sampling method that balances data accuracy, sample size and cost. This paper reports the major findings that developed a systematic approach to determining the sample method for IEQ monitoring. In the study, LTM was carried out in 13 naturally ventilated urban residences in Kunming, China. We proposed the continuous sampling strategy (CSS) and discrete sampling strategy (DSS). Descriptive statistics was used to evaluate the performances of both strategies, and it was found that DSS could obtain more accurate data than CSS. Next, an algorithm was developed for calculating the optimal sampling frequencies for different parameters based on the Pearson correlation coefficient. We evaluated the required number of dwellings(RND) for various parameters that satisfied the statistical confidence in Kunming and other four cities of China. We found that with the increase in the household number in one city, the RND will reach to a critical threshold and no longer increase anymore. Using this threshold and the simple random sampling principle, we also provide guidance for determining the RND for IEQ monitoring in residence. It is expected that the results of this study will facilitate the selection of sampling method for similar studies in the future, with reduced manpower and consumption but a representative sample.

Pore-Scale Investigation on Natural Convection Melting in a Square Cavity with Gradient Porous Media

In this paper, natural convection melting in a square cavity with gradient porous media is numerically studied at pore-scale level by adopting the lattice Boltzmann method. To generate the gradient porous media, a Monte Carlo technique based on the random sampling principle is used. The effects of several factors, such as Rayleigh number, gradient porosity structure, gradient direction, and particle diameters on natural convection melting are investigated in detail. Based on the numerical data, it is observed that the thermal performance of the gradient porous media always depends on the Rayleigh number and, specifically, as the Rayleigh number is set to 106, the total melting time obtained for the case of the negative gradient porous media is always shorter than the cases of positive gradient and uniform porous media. However, if the Rayleigh number is equal to 104, at which the heat transfer is dominated by the heat conduction, it is noted that the performance of the positive gradient porous media is better than the other cases. To have a better understand on this point, various simulations are also performed and we found that there usually exists a critical value of Rayleigh number to determine the thermal performance of the gradient porous media. Moreover, our numerical results also show that the influence of the particle diameter on the liquid fraction is insignificant as Rayleigh number is set to 104, while it has a great impact on the liquid fraction when Rayleigh number equals 106.

Conventional microscopy versus digital image analysis for histopathologic evaluation of immune cells in the endometrium

In the search for a reliable biomarker able to diagnose immunological causes of infertility, uterine immune cells have been widely investigated. As a result, heterogeneous methods and cutoff values of what constitutes an aberrant number of immune cells have been reported, and a standardized method for quantification is needed. The objective of this study was to compare methods for quantification of immune cells visualized with immunohistochemistry in the endometrium of women in fertility treatment. Evaluation of the density of CD56+, CD16+ and CD163+ cells by conventional microscopy on a semiquantitative scale (low, medium and high) was compared to a continuous count using digital image analysis (DIA) reported as percentage positive cells out of the total number of stromal cells and number of positive cells per mm2, respectively. We previously reported the CD56/CD16 ratio as a possible prognostic marker, and therefore the ratios of CD56/CD16 were compared using two different methods for selecting fields for counting with DIA: one method using principles of systematic random sampling, where glands were excluded, and one method analyzing large parts of the tissue including glands. A significant association between conventional microscopy and DIA was found when the semiquantitative scale was compared to medians of positive cells in CD56, CD16 and CD163, respectively, p < 0.001. A systematic significant difference in the ratios of CD56/CD16 was found when comparing the two methods for field selection, p < 0.001. To determine the possible use of these methods, more knowledge of the correlation to clinical outcome is warranted.

Assessment of Productivity and Profitability through Scientific Forest Management in Sal (Shorea robusta) Forest of Nepal: A Case Study from Patela Community Forest, Kailali District, Nepal

Scientific forest management (SciFM) ensures improved productivity and healthy forests that are crucial for the economic development and prosperity of forest-dependent country like Nepal. This study analyzes the effects of the silvicultural intervention on the regeneration of Sal (Shorea robusta), plant species diversity, and income through the flow of forest products in the Patela Community Forest in Kailali District of Nepal, where Sal (S. robusta) forest has been managed under an Irregular Shelterwood System with 80 years of the rotation period since fiscal year 2017/18. The vegetation sampling was done by the quadrat method based on the principle of stratified random sampling from the managed and unmanaged parts of the forest. The climate based site productivity was analyzed. The profitability of scientific forest management was analyzed by income and cost incurred in managing the forest. The study revealed the promising regeneration of S. robusta in the managed areas compared to the unmanaged area. The silvicultural intervention had a significant negative effect on plant diversity showing an increase in the concentration of dominance of S. robusta. An implementation of SciFM plan generated a total net benefit of 187,000 US$ in the last 2017/18, and 2018/19 fiscal years. This study recommends existing natural forests to be managed based on sound silvicultural principles to improve the degrading nature of the productive forest that can generate revenue for the country and opportunity for community development.

A novel approach of tensor‐based data missing estimation for Internet of Vehicles

SummaryIn the face of the current huge amount of intelligent traffic data, collecting and statistical processing is a necessary and important process. But the inevitable data missing problem is the current research focus. In this paper, a novel approach of tensor‐based data missing estimation for Internet of Vehicles is proposed for the problem of missing the Internet of Vehicles data: Integrated Bayesian tensor decomposition (IBTD). In the data model construction stage, the random sampling principle is used to randomly extract the missing data to generate a subset of data. And the optimized Bayesian tensor decomposition algorithm is used for interpolation. Introduce the integration idea, analyze, and sort the error results after multiple interpolations, consider the space‐time complexity, and choose the optimal average to get the best result. The performance of the proposed model was evaluated by mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) and root mean square error (RMSE). The experimental results show that the proposed method can effectively interpolate the traffic data sets with different missing quantities and get good interpolation results.

Development of Macroeconomic Theory Materials Based on Blended Learning

The aim of the study was to produce teaching material for Macroeconomics Theory. The Research and Development (R&amp;D) method by Borg and Gall was used in this study. The population of this study was all Economic Education Study Program’s students who took Macroeconomics courses in 2019. The sample was determined by using the purposive random sampling principle and the sample class made for the implementation and limited testing of small sample was Class C of Economic Education. Based on the result of the study, it was decided that the teaching material for Macroeconomics Theory that has been validated by 2 expert validators had a very high level of eligibility (88.75%) provided revisions were needed. After it has been fully revised, the material was tested to all 30 students of Class C of Economic Education during Macroeconomics Theory course. Based on the testing conducted to the small sample, it showed that there was a significant improvement of the learning outcomes before and after the blended-learning based teaching material was implemented. The result was all the user-friendliness, usability, and time effectiveness factor have an average value ≥4. It can be concluded that the book being developed has met the readability and practicality criteria. The study was only conducted up to stage 7 -producing the teaching material of revision draft.

The molecular epidemiology of human group A rotavirus infections in children in Hangzhou in 2017

Objective To analyze the infectious status and genotype characteristics of group A rotavirus (RV) in children with diarrhea in Hangzhou city in 2017, and to provide information for the disease surveillance, epidemic control as well as vaccine development. Methods Fecal samples from children with acute diarrhea at Children′s Hospital of Zhejiang University were collected from Jan to Dec in 2017. All samples were tested for RV antigen by emulsion technique. The antigen-positive samples were further detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and sequencing to determine the G and P genotypes. The RV positive rates in different genders, ages and months were compared by chi-square test. Results A total of 20 895 fecal samples were collected from 12 389 male patients and 8 506 female patients. The gender ratio was 1.46∶1. In 5 012 (23.99%) RV antigen positive samples, 2 964 (23.92%) were from male patients and 2 048 (24.08%) were from female patients. There was no gender difference in RV positive rate (χ2=0.049, P>0.05). In the study, RV could be detected in the whole year. January, February and December were peak months, and the RV positive rates were significantly different in different months (χ2=2 654.681, P<0.05). The highest RV positive rate was in 18-24 months age group and the lowest in<6 months age group, respectively. Children under 2 years old accounted for 76.56% RV positive cases, and those under 5 years old accounted for 98.72% RV positive cases. The RV positive rates were also significantly different in all age groups (χ2=1 013.832, P<0.05). A total of 116 samples were selected from each month, following the random stratified sampling principle, for PCR amplification, sequencing, and genotyping according to VP7 (G genotype) and VP4 (P genotype). A total of 4 G genotypes were detected and G9 (85.3%) was the predominant one. In the two detected P genotypes, P[8] (96.6%) was predominant. The 4 G/P combination genotypes were G9P[8] (85.3%), G3P[8] (9.5%), G2P[4] (3.5%), and G1P[8](1.7%). Conclusions RV was a common pathogen in pediatric patients with acute diarrhea in Hangzhou city in 2017. Children under 5 years old, especially 18 months to 2 years old infants was the main infected population. The study showed RV infection had obvious seasonality and winter was the peak period. The G9 genotype was predominant in G genotypes, P[8] genotype was predominant in P genotypes, and G9P[8] genotype was predominant in G/P combination genotypes, respectively. Key words: Rotavirus infections; Diarrhea; Genotype; Epidemiologic studies; Child

Oral health status of Chinese residents and suggestions for prevention and treatment strategies

Abstract Objective To understand the oral health status of urban and rural residents in China, the Fourth National Oral Health Epidemiological Survey (FNOHES) was conducted in 2015. Materials and methods Based on the principles of multi-stage, stratified, equal capacity, and random sampling, the subjects included five groups of residents aged 3–5, 12–15, 35–44, 55–64, and 65–74 years in all 31 provinces, cities, and autonomous regions except Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan. The total sample size was 172,425. The survey covered two areas, namely oral health status and knowledge, attitude and oral health behavior. Results Residents in China had serious caries and poor periodontal condition. The prevalence of caries was above 50% in all age groups, subjects without periodontal disease accounted for Conclusion The oral health status of Chinese residents and their oral health behavior habits need to be improved. With the support of the administrative departments of the government and unremitting efforts of the oral health staff, all sectors of society must be coordinated to strengthen oral health education for the whole population. Furthermore, comprehensive prevention and control measures must be implemented for priority groups.

Preauricular sinus: Incidence and inheritance

Introduction: The preauricular sinus (PAuS) is a malformation of the auricula pinna. The structure may present isolated or as a component of a number of oto-renal syndromes. Aim: The aim of this study was to establish the incidence of PAuS in a Bulgarian cohort and propose a model for its inheritance, based on the transgenerational mechanisms derived from the genealogic trees of interviewed individuals. Materials and Methods: A total of 100 healthy individuals were prospectively evaluated for the presence of a PAuS on a random cohort sampling principle. A descriptive statistical approach was used when categorizing the individual features. Individuals were also assessed in terms of their genealogies and presence of renal symptoms. Results: Of all assessed individuals, 3% (n=3) had a structure complying with the criteria for a PAuS. No one having the structure reported renal symptoms. The genealogical trees were characteristic of a dominant trait with incomplete penetrance. Conclusion: The incidence of PAuS in our study cohort is similar to that of other Caucasian cohorts and gives a rare modern glimpse into the transgenerational inheritance of the PAuS, together with data on the oto-nephrological syndromes.

SPECIFIC FEATURES OF THE LABOR HYGIENE OF THE MEDICAL PERSONNEL OF THE ONCOLOGICAL POLYCLINIC

Introduction. In the healthcare system of the Russian Federation, in the changed social and economic conditions, against the background of increasing requirements to the quality of medical care, the problem of studying factors affecting the professional activity of medical personnel is being updated. The purpose of the study is the theoretical justification of ways to improve the work process of medical personnel by organizing the stream passage of patients in the polyclinic of the Belgorod Cancer Clinic. Material and methods. Questioning of 189 patients of the polyclinic of the “Belgorod Cancer Clinic”, selected according to the principle of random sampling. They evaluated the work of the dispensary in the field of stream control on a specially created questionnaire, which included 14 questions. Results. The conducted sociological research revealed the dissatisfaction of patients with a number of positions: the presence of a queue to the doctor (61.2%), the work of individual offices (ultrasound, x-ray room) and medical specialists of the consulting and diagnostic department (44.6%); lack of information in patients about the possibilities of diagnosis and treatment in clinics (47%). The primary visit in the morning, the narrow corridors of the polyclinic - all this creates the inconvenience of waiting for a doctor. Only 13% of respondents rated the service as 5 points, 30% - 4 points, 33% - 3 points, 19% - 2 points and 5% - 1 point. The admission rate of the doctor is 20 patients per shift, but the average value of the stream rate of patients on admission corresponds to an average of 35 patients per day. This increase in the workload negatively affects the dissatisfaction with the organization of the treatment and diagnostic process both for doctors and nurses. Conclusions. The professional activity of primary health care providers directly depends on the adequacy of the workload. The use of social monitoring makes it possible to organize a detailed and adequate regulation of the activities of medical personnel.

INTAKE ASSESSMENT OF SMALL DOSES OF MERCURY IN THE HUMAN BODY WITH FOOD

The aim of this work was to assess mercury content in food products and intake in the human body in Russia. Sampling was carried out on the territory of Russia without reference to the manufacturer in accordance with the principle of random sampling. The analysis of mercury concentrations in a wide range of food and agricultural products was carried out by atomic absorption with "cold vapor". On the basis of this analysis we identified foods with the highest and lowest concentrations of mercury. According to the literature data a number of food products consumable by people with different income levels and at an average for the regions of Russia has been estimated. Daily intake of mercury in the human body according to this regiment has been calculated. A comparison of the actual mercury intake in the human body with safety daily dose has been made according to the FAO and WHO. Mercury dose intaking in the human body with fish and fish products has been also calculated. It is shown that the mercury intake in the human body with food products ranges within acceptance limits in Russia. However, there is a low-dose mercury intake typical for the entire population of Russia.