Principle Of Parallax Research Articles

3D Communication of Animated Character Image Visualization Based on Digital Media Perspectives

Abstract In this study, we initiate the process by pre-processing the character image data and establishing coordinate axes. Utilizing the parallax principle, we construct a three-dimensional model of the animated character image and design a multidimensional, time-sequential visualization scheme based on clustering techniques. To enhance the effectiveness of cluster visualization, we incorporate color and transparency into the model and develop a three-dimensional communication framework to facilitate user interaction and improve animated image visualization. Subsequently, we evaluate the advantages and feasibility of this three-dimensional communication approach, focusing on user experience and user engagement. We also explore the visual perception capabilities of this method against contrasting background colors of light and dark. The findings demonstrate a credible expression of animated video images, with a credibility index of 4.690. Additionally, user perception is quantified at an average of 4.895, which not only exceeds the four-point benchmark but also outperforms alternative methods. This research offers a substantial reference for the advancement of visual communication studies concerning animated character images.

P‐2.32: Six‐degree‐of‐freedom Platform Motion Anomaly Prediction Technology Based on Binocular Vision

Binocular stereo vision is based on the principle of parallax and uses imaging equipment to obtain two images of the measured object from different positions, and obtains the three-dimensional geometric information of the object by calculating the position deviation between the corresponding points of the image. As an important execution component of the six-degree-of-freedom platform in the flight simulator, the electric cylinder can undertake the important task of dynamic simulation, and its abnormal working state directly affects the training effect and life safety of the flight simulator users. In this paper, the electric cylinder position pose is obtained by the three-dimensional point cloud method, and the improved active learning anomaly detection algorithm is proposed to predict the electric cylinder position posture, so as to determine whether the platform electric cylinder fails.

Speckle projection profilometry used for detecting magnetic circuit drop height of relay with high reflective surface

Aiming at the problem of camera pixel saturation caused by the high reflective area on the metal surface of a relay, we adopt speckle projection profilometry to detect the magnetic circuit drop height of the relay. The main problem is solved through a detailed analysis of characteristics according to different speckle gray values, speckle sizes, and shapes to effectively distinguish the confusion between the speckle reflection spots and background light reflection spots. The enhanced normalized cross-correlation sub-pixel algorithm is used to get a dense matching pair of points of the right and left images, and three-dimensional reconstruction is based on the triangulation parallax principle. The random sampling consensus algorithm and European clustering algorithm are used to segment the point cloud to obtain the core and yoke iron planes and measure the distance between the two planes. We measured two standard blocks with height difference of 1 mm, and the error is within 2% by the proposed method. The correctness is verified through real-time measurement for a magnetic circuit drop height of the relay assembly line.

3D reconstruction method based on second-order semiglobal stereo matching and fast point positioning Delaunay triangulation.

Binocular vision uses the parallax principle of the human eye to obtain 3D information of an object, which is widely used as an important means of acquiring 3D information for 3D reconstruction tasks. To improve the accuracy and efficiency of 3D reconstruction, we propose a 3D reconstruction method that combines second-order semiglobal matching, guided filtering and Delaunay triangulation. First, the existing second-order semiglobal matching method is improved, and the smoothness constraint of multiple angle directions is added to the matching cost to generate a more robust disparity map. Second, the 3D coordinates of all points are calculated by combining camera parameters and disparity maps to obtain the 3D point cloud, which is smoothed by guided filtering to remove noise points and retain details. Finally, a method to quickly locate the insertion point and accelerate Delaunay triangulation is proposed. The surface of the point cloud is reconstructed by Delaunay triangulation based on fast point positioning to improve the visibility of the 3D model. The proposed approach was evaluated using the Middlebury and KITTI datasets. The experimental results show that the proposed second-order semiglobal matching method has higher accuracy than other stereo matching methods and that the proposed Delaunay triangulation method based on fast point location requires less time than the original Delaunay triangulation.

A Smartphone-Based Six-DOF Measurement Method With Marker Detector

The visual measurement methods of the six-degrees-of-freedom (6-DOF) of a rigid body always require expensive and professional instruments, while the camera of smartphones is so powerful that they can perform the task of visual measurement, which will reduce the cost of measurement. Therefore, a low-cost smartphone-based 6-DOF measurement method with the marker detector is proposed, which uses two smartphones to achieve dynamic measurement for the moving rigid body. Specifically, the proposed method improves the accuracy of depth measurement based on the parallax principle. Based on the LeNet-5, the marker detector with the tracking compensation mechanism is proposed to detect and track markers. We carry out experiments to verify the feasibility of the proposed method and to evaluate its performance. In the experiment, the average absolute error of the rotation angles and the translations measurement are 2.2888° and 3.5763mm. The results show that the proposed method achieves dynamic measurement using two smartphones.

A new beam alignment method in SEM based on parallax principle

A new beam alignment method in SEM based on parallax principle

An image matching optimization algorithm based on pixel shift clustering RANSAC

This paper focuses on improving the accuracy of image matching by eliminating the residual mismatches in the matching results of standard RANSAC. Based on pixel shift clustering and RANSAC algorithms, a matching optimization algorithm called pixel shift clustering RANSAC, PSC-RANSAC in short, is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the pixel shift model of space point from two perspectives are established by parallax principle and camera projection model. Then, based on the established pixel shift model, density peaks clustering (DPC) algorithm is used to select the mismatches out to enhance the accuracy of image matching. Meanwhile the comparisons among PSC-RANSAC, standard RANSAC, progressive sample consensus and graph-cut RANSAC show that PSC-RANSAC can more effectively and robustly eliminate the residual mismatches in initial matching results. The proposed method provides an effective tool for optimization on image matching.

Three-dimensional Reconstruction of Retinal Vessels Based on Binocular Vision

In robot-assisted eye surgery, such as retinal vascular bypass surgery, precise positioning of operating points is required. In this study, a binocular vision-based 3D reconstruction method is proposed to locate the incision points on retinal vessels. Vessels in the image were extracted by CLAHE algorithm to remove the influence of background, then stereo matching was performed. Finally, the retinal vessel image was reconstructed by using the principle of parallax in binocular vision. Experimental results show that this method can accurately locate the incision points on retinal vessels and meet the requirements of ophthalmic surgery.

Design of human-like behavior learning machine based on neural network FPGA

Neural network has been widely used in image recognition, because it can imitate the behavior of biological visual nerve to obtain high recognition accuracy. Aiming at image recognition, this paper studies the machine self-learning system of image recognition results based on neural network FPGA, designs the data sensing and image recognition processing module based on neural network, and studies the key problems of the system self-recognition and machine self-learning process. The image recognition module uses bionics and parallax principle to get the synchronous exposure image of surrounding scenery, reconstruct the three-dimensional shape and position of surrounding objects, and get the information needed by the system design through image processing algorithm. On the basis of this module, a machine self-learning algorithm based on the result of image recognition is designed to build a knowledge base for the machine and guide the machine by modifying the weight and making decision to realize human-like behavior of machine self-learning. The experimental results show that the recognition accuracy of dynamic image recognition in image recognition network is about 80% compared with the corresponding static image recognition, and the time and power consumption are reduced by 24%, 27.8% and 41% respectively.

Design and evaluation of a biocular system.

In this study, a biocular system is established and a biocular analysis method is proposed by analyzing the biocular parallax principle to determine the relationship between convergence, dipvergence, azimuth, and elevation. Based on the biocular analysis method, a looped optimization method for reducing biocular parallax is presented. After optimizing the biocular system, convergence of the system is between -6 mrad-6 mrad, and dipvergence is between -1.5 mrad-1.5 mrad. This satisfies the requirements of the human eye for observation with a biocular system. Experimental results are approximately consistent with theoretical analysis. This proves the accuracy of the proposed biocular analysis method.

Research on Stereo Matching Technology Based on Binocular Vision

With the rapid development of machine vision, binocular stereo vision based on the principle of parallax has gradually become the core of scientific re-search. This paper briefly presents the background and research significance, elaborates the research status of binocular vision robot at home and abroad and studies the checkerboard calibration method, and uses Matlab to complete binocular camera calibration. Stereo matching technology is the core and most difficult part of binocular stereoscopic 3D reconstruction research. Firstly, the image acquired after calibration is enhanced by gray scale transformation to make the image clearness optimal, and then use NCC (normalization cross-compilation). The algorithm performs the matching of left and right image pairs in the Matlab environment to generate an optimal matching disparity map.

A High-Precision Binocular Measurement System

The system uses three-dimensional measurement of binocular vision theory, through optical, mechanical, computer and other aspects of the technology to measure the target without contact, and up to a certain precision. In the high-voltage area, high-altitude target,and the target which is not easy to touch, there is a unique measure advantage. Binocular stereo vision is based on the principle of parallax and using imaging devices from different locations to obtain two images of the measured object and obtain three dimensional geometric of target by positional deviation between corresponding points in computer image. Binocular stereo currently used in four areas: robot navigation, micro operating system parameter detection, three-dimensional measurements and virtual reality. In addition, the system not only to measure the length of the distant object, the system can also be used to measure the width, surface area, height and tilt angle. As the tip of an optical imaging technology this system has a broad application prospects in the future.

Impacted maxillary canines – a perennial problem

Ectopic eruption with impaction of maxillary permanent canine teeth is a frequently encountered clinical problem. Surgical exposure and attachment of a gold chain to impacted maxillary canines is often required in order to bring them into the dental arch and to allow good alignment. The principle of radiographic parallax is employed to determine whether the impacted canine is placed buccal or palatal to adjacent teeth. Good flap design allows adequate access to the impacted tooth. Bone removal should be adequate to free the impacted crown to its greatest circumference. An orthodontic eyelet with a gold chain is then bonded to the crown of the impacted tooth. Use of a good bonding technique will minimize chances of bond failure necessitating a second surgical procedure. A traumatic surgical procedure will allow minimal postoperative complications and a rapid recovery. This article describes a surgical technique to expose impacted maxillary canines and attach gold chains, to facilitate orthodontic alignment into the dental arch. The principle of radiographic parallax to determine the bucco-palatal position of impacted canines is also discussed.

Vision Tape—A Flexible Compound Vision Sensor for Motion Detection and Proximity Estimation

In this paper, we introduce Vision Tape (VT), a novel class of flexible compound-eye-like linear vision sensor dedicated to motion extraction and proximity estimation. This novel sensor possesses intrinsic mechanical flexibility that provides wide-range adaptive shape, allowing adjustable field of view as well as integration with numerous substrates and curvatures. VT extracts Optic Flow (OF) of the visual scene to calculate the motion vector, which allows proximity estimation based on the motion parallax principle. In order to validate the functionality of VT, we have designed and fabricated an exemplary prototype consisting of an array of eight photodiodes attached to a flexible PCB that acts as mechanical and electrical support. This prototype performs image acquisition and processing with an integrated microcontroller at a frequency of 1000 fps, even during bending of the sensor. With this, the effect of VT shape on motion perception and proximity estimation is studied and, in particular, the effect of pixel-to-pixel angle is discussed. The results of these experiments allow estimating an optimal configuration of the sensor for OF extraction. Subsequently, a method that enhances the quality of extracted OF for non-optimal configurations is proposed. The experimental results show that, by applying the proposed method to VT in a suboptimal curvature, the quality of the OF can be increased by up to 176% and proximity estimation by 178%.

Adaptive Zoom Distance Measuring System of Camera Based on the Ranging of Binocular Vision

Binocular vision ranging, according to the principle of parallax, represents the three dimensional depth in a parallax of 2d image plane. In order to improve the measurement accuracy of the binocular vision ranging, an adaptive zoom distance measuring methodology is focused on in the work. The causes of the error generation during the ranging process and its improvement difficulties are discussed. SIFT (Scale-invariant feature transform) is introduced to obtain parallax. With the samples of focal length acquired through the distance formula, the focal length function about distance is fitted through the least square method. A new distance formula is derived from the focal length function and the distance formula. In addition, a corresponding system is developed to realize the ranging process. To illustrate the procedure of the combination approach, an experiment is conducted with the developed system. The data from the experiment show that this technique can achieve accurate ranging. With the adaptive zoom method, ranging accuracy can reach more than 90%.

Determination of the altitudinal peak of Cosmic Noise Absorption using a vertical parallax technique

The riometry technique is limited by its inability to directly determine the altitude of the principal ionospheric absorption layer during periods of enhanced Cosmic Noise Absorption (CNA). We describe here a technique based on the simple vertical parallax principle, enabling direct measurements of this altitude. The technique utilizes the overlapping beams of two closely spaced imaging riometers in Antarctica. Descriptive statistics on peak absorption heights are presented. The altitude determination of a D‐region absorption event and an event that occurred in the F‐region near 200 km altitude are presented in more detail. The identification of an F‐region event using the parallax technique confirms earlier findings that radiowave absorption in the F‐region is a potentially significant contributor to CNA. This technique enables a simple and repeatable ground‐based measurement of the altitude of the CNA layer peak, and can be extended to estimating precipitation spectra based on peak absorption heights.

3D Vision Process Based on Motion Parallax and Accommodation Principle Fusion

The first part of this paper deals with the motion parallax principle. This principle is similar to the optical flow theory with the assumption of rigid visual scenes. It will show from simulation studies that it is possible to obtain the best results if the camera is moved along the perpendicular axis to the optical direction.However, this method is not efficient for our goal, and in a second part, this paper will develop the focus principle. The focus principle is based on a measure of keenness of sight. When the keenness of sight for a scene point is good then the optical system is accommodated on this point. We can measure the focal and the focused range of the optical system and then compute the range for this point.In the last part, this paper describes our visual prototype built with a smart photodiode chip MAPP2200TM coupled with a transputer T800TM and a motorised lens.

Female over male or left over right: solving a classificatory puzzle among the OvaHimba

This article puts forward a resolution to a curious circumstance, namely, why the left, and not the right, appears to be pre-eminent among the Himba. Himba arrange gendered, domestic and ritual space, their own bodies in ritual contexts and, to an extent, time strongly in favour of the left. The fact that in their language ‘left’ connotes weakness while ‘right’ connotes strength adds to the puzzle. It is argued that, to understand this apparent contradiction of the near-universal classificatory ascendancy of right over left, one must assess the Himba dual symbolic system while drawing upon the principle of symbolic parallax which allows a single referent, in this case the sacred ancestral fire, to be viewed from differing spatial perspectives. By following this procedure the puzzle is resolved, as the human direction from which the primary referent is viewed is merely the mirror image of a transcendant view.

Recent progress in x-ray stereoscopes.

An improved reconstructed stereoscopic x-ray image display system, based on the principle of binocular parallax, is described. Pulse-synchronized operation of two triode x-ray tubes and one plumbicon TV camera is employed to separate the left and right images for presentation to the two eyes, respectively. The principle of binocular perception, quantitative characteristics of the stereoscopic depth, the overcoming of the inertia problem of the single-camera scheme, and a way to achieve low x-ray dosage and enhanced contrast of image are presented. Experimental results and applications are discussed.

New simplified technic for localization of foreign body.

IN RECENT years a multitude of methods for localizing foreign bodies has filled both the American and the foreign literature, but the majority require special localizing equipment. The methods described have been based on some form of localization or on electronic principles. One method of localization is based on the basic principle of parallax and similar triangles as popularized by Shenton.1The depth of the foreign body is determined from measurement of its shift on parallel x-ray plates when the tube head is shifted and a double exposure is made on the roentgenograms.2A second method is based on the principle of marking the skin with gentian violet at intervals of 1 inch (2.5 cm.), placing lead shot on adhesive tape along the same lines and taking a roentgenogram.3A third method is the localization of foreign bodies with a pointed hemostat under the fluoroscope. The electronic