Energy Equivalence Principle Research Articles

Modeling of nonlinear self-excited forces: A study on flutter characteristics and mechanisms of post-flutter behaviors

The intrinsic physical relevance of higher-order self-excited force (SEF) components has received limited attention, and there is a dearth of formulas that adequately analyze the influence of SEF components on the post-flutter characteristics. Based on Taylor formulas and the principle of independence, semi-empirical polynomial SEF models are developed and validated. The energy input efficiency and role of each order SEF component are examined using the proposed models. By introducing the principle of energy equivalence and approximate average power, theoretical formulas designed to calculate the post-flutter characteristics are established. Finally, the applicability and robustness of the SEF models and theoretical formulas are discussed. Results show that the proposed models can obtain independent higher-order SEF components, which is conducive to the correct analysis of the SEF driving mechanisms. The theoretical formulas can accurately reconstruct the time-varying curves of the flutter characteristics, and the terms in the formulas can explicitly calculate and analyze the mechanism of each SEF model element. It is observed that the higher-order SEF components have a significant impact on the accurate reconstruction of SEFs while barely affecting the system energy. Moreover, the limit cycle oscillation generation mechanisms of the investigated two rectangular cylinders are different, but the variation of the flutter characteristics with time remain the same.

Modelling and Characterisation of Orthotropic Damage in Aluminium Alloy 2024.

The aim of the work presented in this paper was development of a thermodynamically consistent constitutive model for orthotopic metals and determination of its parameters based on standard characterisation methods used in the aerospace industry. The model was derived with additive decomposition of the strain tensor and consisted of an elastic part, derived from Helmholtz free energy, Hill's thermodynamic potential, which controls evolution of plastic deformation, and damage orthotopic potential, which controls evolution of damage in material. Damage effects were incorporated using the continuum damage mechanics approach, with the effective stress and energy equivalence principle. Material characterisation and derivation of model parameters was conducted with standard specimens with a uniform cross-section, although a number of tests with non-uniform cross-sections were also conducted here. The tests were designed to assess the extent of damage in material over a range of plastic deformation values, where displacement was measured locally using digital image correlation. The new model was implemented as a user material subroutine in Abaqus and verified and validated against the experimental results for aerospace-grade aluminium alloy 2024-T3. Verification was conducted in a series of single element tests, designed to separately validate elasticity, plasticity and damage-related parts of the model. Validation at this stage of the development was based on comparison of the numerical results with experimental data obtained in the quasistatic characterisation tests, which illustrated the ability of the modelling approach to predict experimentally observed behaviour. A validated user material subroutine allows for efficient simulation-led design improvements of aluminium components, such as stiffened panels and the other thin-wall structures used in the aerospace industry.

A novel variable restitution coefficient model for sphere–substrate elastoplastic contact/impact process

The restitution coefficient serves as a critical parameter to evaluate the energy loss during the contact/impact process. Its in–depth researches are beneficial to accurately describing the contact/impact phenomenon. Given the limitations of existing restitution coefficient models, a novel variable restitution coefficient model, which considers the material properties and the initial relative contacting velocity between two colliding bodies, is proposed in this work. Firstly, the function relationship between the restitution coefficient and the equivalent plastic strain can be obtained based on the energy equivalence principle. After that, multi–condition FEM numerical simulation cases are conducted to explore the mapping relationship among the equivalent plastic strain, material properties and initial relative contacting velocity, with which the new normal variable restitution coefficient model can thus be established. Finally, various comparisons with several existing restitution coefficient models are conducted to showcase its superior performance, with the low–speed experimental data and high–speed FEM results acting as reference values. Furthermore, the new restitution coefficient model is extended to describe interaction process between two spheres, and also employed for the establishment of a new continuous contact force model.

How does Casimir energy fall in κ\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\kappa $$\\end{document}-deformed space-time?

We investigate the response of Casimir energies to fluctuations in a scalar field in the background of a weak gravitational field in κ\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\kappa $$\\end{document}-deformed space-time. We model the Casimir plates in a gravitational field by κ\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\kappa $$\\end{document}-deformed Rindler coordinates and calculate the Casimir energy using the κ\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\kappa $$\\end{document}-deformed scalar field. We show that the Casimir energy accelerates in a weak gravitational field like a mass. Thus, our calculations show that the mass–energy equivalence principle holds in κ\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\kappa $$\\end{document}-deformed space-time even though a length scale is introduced through space-time non-commutativity.

Bond behavior and anchorage length of 18-mm-diameter steel strands embedded in ultra-high-performance concrete: an experimental and analytical study

The combination of large-diameter steel strands and ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) presents a promising opportunity to improve the performance of prestressed concrete structures. However, investigations on the bond between them, which determines important design parameters such as the anchorage length of the strand, are insufficient. This study performs pull-out tests of 18-mm-diameter steel strands embedded in UHPC to investigate the bond property. The test data is analyzed to determine the effects of embedment length, concrete cover depth, and stirrup ratio on the bond property. Based on the analysis, a bilinear bond-slip model is calibrated following the principle of energy equivalence. Moreover, an empirical formula for the maximum bond stress is proposed. According to the obtained bond properties, the anchorage length of the strand is evaluated using the approximate probability method, and the results are comparable with the values given in several design codes.

Inverse dynamic design for motion control of soft machines driven by dielectric elastomer actuators

Dielectric elastomers (DEs) are a sort of electroactive polymers with large and fast responses, light masses and high energy densities. Hence, they are regarded as one of the most potential materials for artificial muscles and soft robots. Previous researches on DEs focused mainly on experimental prototypes and property optimization in a component level, while the system-level design and control of dynamic motions of DE actuators are still open problems. In this study, the computational method of inverse dynamic design (IDD) for input voltages of DE actuators is proposed by taking the electromechanical coupling mechanics and the effects of rigid-body motions into account. The proposed inverse dynamic design with nonlinear finite elements enables one to realize the high-precision modeling of soft actuators and to derive the dynamic voltages for desired trajectories in a system level. To describe the overall motions and deformations of DE actuators, the gradient constraints of the dynamic configurations of the actuators are introduced upon the assumption of time-varying uniform curvatures for the desired deformation. And then, based on the principle of energy equivalence, the dynamic voltages for the target deformations in motions are computed inversely from the Lagrange multipliers of the desired trajectories. In addition, the forward simulations by removing the constraints and applying the voltages are further conducted to validate and predict the final configurations. Finally, five numerical case studies and demonstrative experiments are presented to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method. This study endeavors to establish a universal inverse dynamic design method for the motion control of soft DE actuators, allowing for the application of theoretical methodology to engineering problems.

Study on fracture characteristics and mechanisms of red sandstone under high-voltage pulse discharge

To investigate the influences of geometrical size and discharge voltage of the pulse discharge equipment on the fracture characteristics and mechanisms of sandstone under high-voltage pulses, a series of experiments was conducted using a high-voltage pulse discharge device on sandstone circular disc specimens of sandstone with a thickness of 10 mm. These experiments covered a range of disc diameters ranging from 50 mm to 142 mm and discharge voltages from 15 kV to 40 kV. Through these experiments, the fracture characteristics of sandstone at both macroscopic and microscopic levels were investigated. In the experiments, a quantitative analysis of surface fracture was undertaken based on fracture density and fractal damage. Additionally, using the principle of energy equivalence, numerical simulation methods were used to study the damage evolution process in sandstone. The research results indicate that the formation and distribution of fractures in the sandstone specimens are significantly affected by geometrical size and discharge voltage. By analyzing the interaction between stress waves and fracture propagation, combined with indoor experimental results, the fracture mechanism was revealed. The high temperature and shock wave generated by the plasma channel leads to the crushing zone near the electrode, while the circumferential tensile component of the stress wave can result in radial fractures, and the reflected tensile wave leads to circumferential and radial fractures near the boundary.

Transient thermal stress analysis of a thin rotating FGM blade based on the exact shear correction factor: a comparison of ROM and LRVE homogenization models

This work is an attempt to develop a simple and accurate finite element formulation based on first-order shear deformation theory (FSDT) for the transient thermal stress analysis of a pre-twisted and tapered thin rotating functionally graded material (FGM) blade, induced due to the thermal shock. The neutral surface of the FGM blade is taken as the reference plane and the exact shear correction factor is obtained from the equivalent energy principle. The temperature-dependent material property at a point in the thickness direction is estimated according to the rule of mixture (ROM) and the Local representative volume elements (LRVE) homogenization model. A finite element formulation using FSDT in conjunction with the eight-noded isoparametric element, taking five degrees of freedom is developed. The top layer of the thin FGM blade is subjected to a thermal shock and the bottom layer is kept at the ambient temperature. The governing equation for the present formulation is obtained using Hamilton’s principle. The accuracy of the present finite element formulation is established by comparing the results with the benchmark results. The parametric studies are conducted to investigate the effect of the angle of twist, variable chord and span, rotational speed, and accurate shear correction factor on the transient thermal stresses due to the thermal shock. Notably, there can be significant differences in the transient thermal stresses calculated by the two homogenization models viz., ROM and LRVE. Also, it is important to consider the exact shear correction factor in the formulation.

Mechanics of woven roving/ mat laminate failure in a quasi-static tensile test

Based on tensile tests of non-standard specimens with large dimensions, an attempt was made to explain the mechanics of failure of woven roving/mat laminates with different numbers of layers. The need to use non-standard specimens in tests resulted from the impossibility of interpreting the processes taking place in tensile specimens in specimens with standard dimensions, the results of which are published in the scientific literature. In the tensile tests, four loading phases were observed, in which in the last two the structure of matrix was failed by micro- and macro-cracks, and finally by delamination through the laminates. To describe the fracture mechanics of the discussed laminates, the principle of energy equivalence was used in the transformation of elastic strain energy into binding energy. Although the processes of laminate destruction occur in the matrix, depending on the number of layers, it was found that two different processes of destruction of the internal structure with three variants of elastic strain energy distribution lead to the final delamination of the laminates. The use of energy to describe the failure of laminates in the third phase of specimen loading leads to the definition of such concepts as the dominance of failure stresses and the dominance of failure strains in the process of cracking the laminate structure. Experimental studies indicate a gradient distribution of binding energy towards the center of unloaded specimens, assumed on the basis of a literature review.

Advanced Frequency Study of Thick FGM Cylindrical Shells by Using TSDT and Nonlinear Shear

For the advanced frequency study of thick functionally graded material (FGM) circular cylindrical shells, it is interesting to consider the extra effects of nonlinear coefficient term in third-order shear deformation theory (TSDT) of displacements on the calculation of varied shear correction coefficient. The formulation for the advanced nonlinear shear correction coefficient are based on the energy equivalence principle. The values of nonlinear shear correction coefficient are usually functions of nonlinear coefficient term of TSDT, power-law exponent parameter and environment temperature. The free vibration frequencies of thick FGM circular cylindrical shells are investigated with the simply homogeneous equation by considering that simultaneous effects of the TSDT, the nonlinear shear correction coefficient of transverse shear force and the two direction of mode shapes. The novelty is more important and reasonable for the thick FGM circular cylindrical shells, especially for the ratio of length to thickness is five by considering the effects of advanced nonlinear shear correction coefficient and nonlinear coefficient term of TSDT on the advanced calculation of fundamental first natural frequencies.

Research on the effect of double sealing gaskets arrangement on the mechanical behavior of the segment longitudinal joints with large diameter shield tunnel

The sealing gasket of the traditional double waterproof system of the large diameter shield tunnel consists of two sealing gaskets which are arranged on the outside of the bolt hole(SGOH) or arranged on both sides of the bolt hole(SGBH). The different arrangement of the double sealing gaskets has significant effects on the mechanical behaviors of the longitudinal joints of the segment. In this paper, based on the energy equivalence principle, the actual distribution stress of the compression zone of the segment longitudinal joints was simplified equivalently as rectangular distribution stress. Then, a progressive mechanical model was established for the longitudinal joint, taking into account the effect of double sealing gaskets arrangements. Furthermore, the proposed mechanical model was validated through former experimental results and other analytical models. Finally, the effect of different arrangements of the double sealing gaskets on the mechanical behavior of the longitudinal joints of the segment was compared and analyzed. The results showed that the difference in the arrangement of the double sealing gaskets results in varying effects of the additional bending moment on the joint bending deformation under sagging and hogging moments, leading to the unequal bending stiffness of the joint. The difference in bending stiffness caused by the double sealing gasket arrangements is approximately 100∼150 MN·m/rad. To optimize the mechanical behaviors of the joints, the double sealing gaskets should be arranged on both sides of the bolt hole(SGBH), with the bolt located at the center of both the longitudinal joints and the core compressive zone of the longitudinal joints.

An improved equivalent beam model of large periodic beam-like space truss structures

Space truss structures are essential components for space-based remote sensing loads with high spatial and temporal resolutions. To achieve high-precision vibration control, an accurate and efficient dynamics model is essential. In addition to the current equivalent beam model (EBM) based on the classical continuum theory, an improved equivalent beam model (IEBM) is proposed that considers the impact of the distinction between trusses and beams on torsional and shear deformations, as well as the impact of shear deformation on flexural rigidity. According to the displacement expressions of spatial beams, torsional, shear, and bending correction coefficients are introduced to derive expressions of strain energy and kinetic energy. The energy equivalence principle is then utilized to calculate the elasticity and inertia matrices, and dynamics equations are established using the finite element method. Subsequently, an IEBM is constructed by employing the particle swarm optimization approach to determine the correction coefficients with the truss natural frequency as the optimization target. The natural vibration characteristics of the structure are estimated for various material properties. Compared with the full-scale finite element model, the EBM reaches a maximum error of 80% for a low modulus of elasticity, while the maximum error of the IEBM is less than 2% for any given parameters, indicating its superior accuracy to the EBM.

Studies on dissipative characteristics and equivalent model of particle damper in railway application

Particle damping technology brings the advantages of good durability, high reliability, insensitivity to temperature change and easy to be used in harsh environment. Hence, it has considerable potential for suppressing structural vibrations. In this study, a series of experiments under vertical harmonic excitations with different frequencies and acceleration amplitude were systematically conducted. The mechanical behavior and dissipative characteristics of the damper in railway application were analyzed by observing the particle motion state and calculating two energy dissipation evaluation indexes. The results show that the damping effect is strongly related to frequency and acceleration amplitude of the harmonic excitation. Subsequently, a discrete element model of the particle damper was established to simulate the test conditions, and the consistency between the simulation and test results verified the rationality of the simulation. The energy dissipation mechanism and characteristics of the particle damper were further explored based on the time-history responses of the contact force and energy dissipation. In order to simplify the analysis of nonlinear multi-particle damper, a simplified theoretical model consisting of mass, stiffness and damping elements was proposed based on the analysis of dynamic motion and dissipation mechanism. Based on the principle of energy equivalence and mechanical behavior equivalence between the theoretical model and simulation results, the equivalent equations were derived and the key parameters of the equivalent model were determined. These equivalent parameters are amplitude-frequency dependent. This model can be used to predict the damping properties of the damper at any input frequency or excitation amplitude, and to estimate the vibration attenuation performance of the damper for specific railway applications.

Dynamic Modeling and Analysis of Boundary Effects in Vibration Modes of Rectangular Plates with Periodic Boundary Constraints Based on the Variational Principle of Mixed Variables

The modal and vibration-noise response characteristics of plate structures are closely related to their boundary effects, and the analytical modeling and solution of the dynamics of plate structures with complex boundary conditions can reveal mechanisms of the influence of the boundary structure parameters on the modal characteristics. This paper proposes a new method for dynamic modeling of rectangular plates with periodic boundary conditions based on the energy equivalence principle (mixed-variable variational principle) of equating complex boundary “geometric constraints” to “mathematical physical constraints”, taking a rectangular plate structure with periodic boundaries commonly used in engineering as the object. First, the boundary external potential energy of the periodic boundary rectangular plate is obtained by equating the bending moment and deflection to the boundary conditions. Next, we establish the total potential energy model, the amplitude boundary equation, as well as the frequency equation of the periodic boundary rectangular plate in turn. Solving by numerical method, the natural frequency of the theoretical model is obtained. The validity of the theoretical model is then verified by modal test experiments. Finally, the law of the parameters such as the form of boundary constraint, the number of periods, and the clamp support ratio on the natural frequency of the rectangular plate is investigated. The results show that the natural frequency of the rectangular plate is closely related to the boundary form and period distribution of the plate. The modal frequencies of the plate structure can be tuned by the design of the boundary conditions for a certain size of the plate structure. The research in this paper provides a theoretical and technical basis for the vibration noise control of complex boundary plate structures.

Temperature dependent tensile strength modeling and analysis of shape memory polymers with physics‐based energy equivalence principle

AbstractThe quantitative characterization of the tensile strength of shape memory polymers (SMPs) at different temperatures has always been an important research topic. In this study, the critical failure energy density of SMPs including the strain energy density, potential energy and kinetic energy of atomic motion per unit volume is first introduced. Then, based on the equivalent contribution of these energies on material failure, a temperature dependent tensile strength (TDTS) model considering the corresponding physical mechanism for SMPs is established. The model provides the quantitative relationship among temperature, Young's modulus, hardening index and the tensile strength of SMPs. Meanwhile, the predicted results of the proposed model are compared with the available TDTS of SMPs, and the agreement between theory and experiment is satisfactory. In addition, the influencing factors of tensile strength and their variation with temperature are analyzed. This work contributes the novel insight for the theoretical predictions on the TDTS of SMPs, which is helpful for the high temperature strength evaluation and property optimization.

Application of a microplane damage model for concrete to an isogeometric scaled boundary formulation for 3D solids

AbstractMicroplane models have the advantage of describing damage‐induced anisotropy, which is common in quasi‐brittle materials such as concrete, in a simple and straightforward way. Over the past decades, various microplane models have been formulated to describe different loading cases and phenomena in concrete structures. They include pure damage and pure plasticity based microplane models or a combination of these two approaches. In this work, as a first step, a microplane damage model, which is derived from the principle of energy equivalence, is applied in the framework of an isogeometric 3D solid in boundary representation. Isogeometric analysis has the advantage that it can represent exactly complex geometries, which can influence the correct description of damage evolution. In addition, the use of a boundary representation in combination with NURBS and B‐splines is in accordance with the modeling technique common in CAD and allows for a straightforward application of the design model to the analysis process. The boundary is described using bi‐variate NURBS while the interior of the solid is approximated using uni‐variate B‐splines. The combination of isogeometric analysis with a model that can capture the finely distributed cracking of the concrete matrix represents a modeling strategy that can effectively support the development of thin‐walled shell structures made of textile‐reinforced concrete. Several examples are studied in order to investigate the ability of the microplane damage model to correctly describe quasi‐brittle fracture in this kind of non‐standard discretization formulation. Furthermore, a comparison to the standard finite element method is conducted.

Equivalent plate dynamic modeling of space periodic truss structures

Antenna structures used in spaceflight always contain nonlinear joints distributed along their cross section; hence, an equivalent beam model (EBM) that uses a point to describe the cross section is not ideally suited to depicting connection nonlinearity in the structure. To address this difficulty, a novel orthotropic equivalent plate model (EPM) of a space periodic truss structure is proposed. Firstly, utilizing the Mindlin plate hypothesis, strain in the periodic truss element is expanded into a binary high-order Taylor series, and corrections are introduced to normal strain. Secondly, employing the principle of energy equivalence, the equivalent elastic and inertial matrices of the EPM are calculated for in-plane and out-of-plane vibration. Finally, the static condensation method is utilized to reduce the dimensions of the equivalent model to establish an orthotropic equivalent Mindlin plate dynamic model, and its inherent characteristics are analyzed. The simulations show that when in-plane shear strain is expanded to the third order, the EPM can more accurately represent torsional vibration of the periodic truss structure. By introducing normal strain correction coefficients in the longitudinal direction, lateral bending vibrations of the periodic truss structure can be simulated more precisely. Compared with the EBM, the EPM can more accurately depict mechanical characteristics along the cross section. The EPM broadens the scope of continuum equivalent modeling of periodic trusses, and is more useful in engineering practice. In addition, the frequencies and mode shapes of the analytical EPM are consistent with a model using the finite element method, which supports the accuracy and effectiveness of the EPM. The analytical EPM provides a convenient way to study the nonlinear connections and vibration control of antenna structures with multiple joints along their cross section.

A Novel Method to Describe Large-Range Stress-Strain Relations of Elastic-Plastic Materials Based on Energy Equivalence Principle.

Due to the unique structure of tensile sheet specimens with a circular hole (CHS specimen), a novel method is proposed to predict the large-range uniaxial stress-strain relations of elastic-plastic materials analytically. Based on the energy equivalence principle, a load-displacement semi-analytical model of the CHS specimen is proposed. Subsequently, a semi-analytical model of constitutive parameters of elastic-plastic materials is developed by virtue of the load-displacement relation of the CHS specimen, and the prediction of the material's stress-strain relations is obtained. To examine the validity of the models, numerical simulations with a series of materials were performed. The results demonstrated that the dimensionless load-displacement curves and stress-strain relations obtained using the proposed models correspond well with those obtained using finite element analysis. In addition, tensile tests were performed on the CHS specimen for four elastic-plastic materials (T225 titanium alloy, 6061 aluminum alloy, Q345 steel, and 3Cr13 steel), and the validity of the models is also verified by the experimental results. Compared with the conventional uniaxial tensile tests, the stress-strain relation of elastic-plastic material captured by the novel method corresponds to a larger strain, which is of great importance for engineering design and safety assessment.

Uniaxial tensile response and tensile constitutive model of ultra-high performance concrete containing coarse aggregate (CA-UHPC)

To establish the tensile constitutive model of ultra-high performance concrete containing coarse aggregate (CA-UHPC), monotonic and cyclic uniaxial tensile tests for CA-UHPC with fiber volume fractions of 2.5% and 2.0% were conducted. Test results showed that CA-UHPC exhibits approximately linear stress-strain relation up to the tensile strength, and tensile softening response composed of the smeared- and localized-cracking stages, regardless of the tested fiber contents. Based on the monotonic test data, the tensile stress-crack opening model of CA-UHPC was established, and the model was further simplified into tri-linear relation. Based on the cyclic test results, tensile damage evolution laws according to the strain equivalence principle and the energy equivalence principle were developed, respectively. Finally, the proposed tensile constitutive model and the calibrated tensile damage evolution laws were demonstrated to effectively predict the mechanical response of CA-UHPC members under both monotonic tension and cyclic tension through numerical simulations.

Optimization of Shear Bonds of the Grouted Joints of Offshore Wind Turbine Tower Based on Plastic Damage Model

In recent years, offshore wind power has been developing rapidly, and single piles are among the commonly used foundations for wind turbines. Presently, experimental studies of the grouted connections of pile foundations are limited to the study of scaler models. Numerical simulations are more suitable for the mechanical analysis of the full-size structure instead of experimental ones. In numerical simulations, the linear elasticity model is widely adopted, but the plastic damage is studied scarcely. So, shear bond parameter research concerning grouted joints needs to be supplemented. In this paper, a bilinear random-motion reinforcement model based on the classical metal plasticity theory is adopted for steel, and the model for the grouting material is based on the Sidiroff energy equivalence principle. The plastic damage model for the grouted connecting section is established; the stresses and deformation distribution of the steel pipes and grout in the connecting section are analyzed using the changed shear bond parameters. The results show that the rectangular and triangular shear bonds are more reasonable than the semicircular shear bond transfer. Increasing the height of the shear bond may reduce the maximum stress and the maximum vertical displacement of the grout, and the shear bond width change has less influence on the joint bond stress and displacement.