Belief In Principles Research Articles

Peranan Sila Ketuhanan dalam Mewujudkan Kesejahteraan Masyarakat

The role of Divine Principles in Pancasila is very significant in achieving the welfare of Indonesian society. As a moral and ethical foundation, Divine Principles encourage the formation of a harmonious and just society. This article discusses how the principle of belief in the Almighty God is the foundation for education, moral and ethical values, as well as the role of religious communities in everyday life. Through ontological, epistemological and axiological foundations, Divine Principles offer the view that humans have an inherent relationship with God, which emphasizes moral and spiritual responsibility in maintaining balance between humans, nature and His creator. This principle also encourages the development of character and attitudes that are in accordance with religious teachings, creating an environment full of love, tolerance and social justice. By integrating Pancasila values ​​in policies and regulations, Indonesia can build a prosperous and sustainable society. This article concludes that the Divine Principles of Pancasila are a solid foundation for achieving equitable and sustainable prosperity for all members of society.

Analisis Yuridis Eksistensi Hukum Homoseksual dalam Peraturan Perundang-Undangan Indonesia

This research examines the existence of homosexual laws within the framework of legal regulations in Indonesia. The close relationship between law and human rights (HAM) is the main focus, with the issue of homosexuality causing divisions in society. In the context of human rights, universal principles emphasize that every individual has the same rights without discrimination. However, laws and regulations in Indonesia do not yet provide clear guidance regarding the existence of homosexuals. This results in divisions in society. This research uses a normative juridical method with a regulatory and conceptualization approach. The results show that the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia and Law of the Republic of Indonesia no. 39 of 1999 concerning Human Rights recognizes human rights without discrimination, but must be in line with religious values, morality and law. Marriage arrangements in Indonesia emphasize marriage as a bond between a man and a woman, based on the principle of belief in one Almighty God. The legalization of same-sex marriage raises various problems, including conflict with religious norms and a decline in birth rates. In the context of criminal law, the spread of ideology that is contrary to Pancasila can be subject to sanctions. Therefore, the movement to legalize homosexuality in Indonesia may face legal obstacles. Indonesian National Work Competencies in the Field of Forensic Audit.Forensic Audit.

Adultery as a Complaint Offense in Overcoming Free Sex Behavior

Globalization has a global meaning which is likened to freedom. Many foreign cultures have entered, even though these cultures are not in accordance with our Eastern culture. For example, the culture of free sex behavior that is widespread in Western culture is not to our culture and is contrary to the foundation of our country, Pancasila. Indonesia has six officially recognized religions, namely Islam, Protestant Christianity, Catholic Christianity, Hinduism, Buddhism, and Confucianism. The majority of official religions in Indonesia give the view that free sex is a deviant behavior. The opening of the 1945 Constitution in the third paragraph states that it is the grace of God Almighty and so on. That is, this view has juridical consequences for all laws and regulations which must refer to and originate from theological values, namely the value of Belief in the One and Only God. With the expansion of the offense of adultery in the new Criminal Code that "adultery for men and women who are not married (not legally married) can also be punished", meaning that the new Criminal Code has referred to and sourced theological values ??as a basis for expanding the meaning of adultery, namely by the principle of Belief in the One and Only God in Pancasila. However, the formulation of complaint offenses in the new Criminal Code which limits only family members who can complain needs to be reviewed again for a criminal law policy in the context of tackling free sex behavior which is currently engulfing Indonesian society. Because by being limited to only the family who can complain, this is of course the same as opening up the family's disgrace, so there is a possibility that there will be no complaints. In addition, it is not right to limit only family members who can make complaints because they are considered the victims who are most affected. So actually it can also be assessed that the most affected by this free-sex behavior is not only the family but it must be interpreted that there is a "society" (or "community morals") as victims. When viewed in the context of collective morality, society suffers greatly because the quality of life together has decreased in quality or is referred to as moral degradation.

ALİ İLAHİ DEĞİL EHL-İ HAK’IZ; EHL-İ HAK TÜRKLERİNDE ALİ KÜLTÜ

The belief in Ahl-i Haqq was revealed by Sultan Ishak, who was born in Sulaymaniyah in the 13th century. Sultan İshāk migrated to Perdiver, which is located in the Pave region of today's Iran, in order to spread the belief he founded. With the emergence of the Ahl-i Haqq belief, he created a community for himself. The sources that gave the first information about the Ahl-i Haqqs named the community as ʿAlī Ilāhīs. Although this naming is a general name, it is an incorrect usage. The subject of this study is that the Ahl-i Haqq are not ʿAlī Divine in the context of the cult of ʿAlī in the belief of Ahl-i Haqq. The belief in Hulul, which is known as Emergence in the belief of Ahl-i Haqq, caused the community to be known as ʿAlī Divine for a long time. This nomenclature is opposed by the Ahl-i Haqqs themselves, but it does not comply with the principles of belief. The purpose of this study is to explain the belief in the emergence of Ahl-i Haqq and to reveal that the community known as ʿAlī Ilāhīs is not actually ʿAlī Ilāhīs. In accordance with this purpose, the belief in the emergence or hulul in the belief of Ahl-i Haqq is discussed in the context of the fact that the Ahl-i Haqqs are not ʿAlī Divine. The number of these appearances is generally seven. For this purpose, the field study conducted in Iran's Tabriz, Kermanshah and Tehran cities between 2016-2019 was the source of this study. A comparison was made based on the data obtained from the field study and the Kalams, which are the first-hand sources belonging to the Ahl-i ḥaqqs. Keywords: ʿAlī Ilāhī, Ahl-i Haqqs, Turkish Cultural History, Alevism-Bektashism.

Criticism of the guidelines of cartesian philosophy by Ch. Pierce

The article intends to show the significance of Ch. Peirce’s ideas for the development of contemporary philosophy, to find out the main directions of his criticism of the principles of Cartesian and more broadly modern philosophy (where it comes from Descartes) and to consider the positive program of his philosophy, which he offers as an alternative to Modern philosophy. Peirce starts from a pragmatic and semiotic approach to human nature, consciousness and cognition. Thanks to this approach, he managed to undermine the key ideas of the modern understanding of cognition, human, language, namely: individualism, linguistic atomism, dogmatism, dualism, representationism, nominalism, foundationalism, etc. And, instead, to propose a new theory of knowledge, a new ontology and anthropology. Peirce asserts the indirectness of human cognition by signs (linguistic, cultural, sensory), the impossibility of introspection and intuition, advocates holism, fallibilism, pragmatism, realism, synechism, inferentialism and offers a new understanding of the personality — all this makes him a relevant and contemporary thinker. Peirce’s ideas offer a fresh perspective on modern scientific practice. Peirce’s rethinking of the foundations of knowledge puts him alongside many thinkers of the 20th and 21st centuries. The development of his ideas can be seen in modern anthropology, epistemology, research on artificial intelligence, semiotics, etc. The article is divided into four subsections, which are devoted to the main directions of Peirce’s criticism of Descartes’ philosophy: in the first — against Descartes’ skeptical methodology, Peirce puts the concept of fallibilism and the principle of belief, in the second — Peirce denies the possibility of intuition and proves the indirectness of our cognition by signs, in the third — it is about the advantages of the semiotic and communicative approach over individualism and linguistic atomism, in the fourth — Descartes’ nominalism and dualism, Peirce contrasts the realist approach and his theory of synechism, as well as semiotic anthropology.

Evaluation of religious literacy skill levels in terms of various variables in religious education

The main goal of this research is to determine the effect of Religious Culture and Moral Knowledge classes on religious literacy skills. Considering the type of people that religions aim to raise, religious literacy includes skills such as knowing the concepts, worship, belief principles, and historical realities that a religion expects its believers to have. The quantitative research method was used. In this context, success was applied to primary school students. While the general population of our research consists of primary school students, the study population consists of 105 students studying in the fourth grade of a primary school in a metropolitan city in the 2021-2022 academic year. The demographic characteristics of the students who participated in the research were examined in terms of gender and age. In addition, to determine the socio-economic status of students and their families; Questions about the education level of the parents were asked. In the study, it was concluded that the literacy levels of female students were higher, the level of religious literacy increased as the age of the students increased, and the education level of the parents was determinant when it comes to religious literacy. In addition, it was concluded that social media and the internet have rather more effect on religious literacy.

PENTAFSIRAN AKIDAH DALAM SURAH AL-FATIHAH MENURUT PEMIKIRAN HJ. MUHAMMAD SA’ID BIN ‘UMAR

Tafsir Nur al-Ihsan is the earliest Malay-language tafsir book that was printed in 1934. This book was written by Hj. Muhammad Sa’d bin ’Umar (d. 1932 AD) presented the interpretation of Surah al-Fatihah as an introduction to the book as is common with the content of other books of interpretation. The interpretation is still general and requires a study to see if it contains the facts of faith and is appropriate to be practiced within the framework of Ahl al-Sunnah wa al-Jama’ah. This study aims to explain the interpretation of Surah al-Fatihah Hj. Muhammad Sa’id in focus of faith. Next, the role of the study is to analyze the beliefs that should be used as guidelines in Muslim life. This study is important in proving that the interpretation of Surah al-Fatihah is always consistent in explaining the principles of faith that are compatible with the apparent content of its verses. Knowledge related to fiqh and tasawwuf is not the main container in the early stages of interpreting the book Tafsir Nur al-Ihsan. This qualitative study applies the inductive method by identifying and gathering the facts of belief from the content of the interpretation of Surah al-Fatihah. The descriptive method is carried out to analyze the facts of belief in the aspect of emphasis of belief, comparison of facts between sources of interpretation and then formulate the emphasis of belief. The findings of the study show that the interpretation of Surah al-Fatihah contains principles of belief that are parallel to the Pillars of Faith. Belief in Allah S.W.T is always emphasized in every verse based on the appearance of the verse and has similarities with some books of al-ma’thur interpretation such as Tafsir Ibn Kathir and Tafsir al-Tabari. The study found that the emphasis on belief is in line with the teachings of Ahl al-Sunnah wa al-Jama’ah. Although the method of interpretation is simple without long debates, readers of tafsir have the opportunity to gain a clear and authentic knowledge of the faith behind the interpretation of Surah al-Fatihah.

The Eclecticism of Proofs on the Road to Demonstrate The Existence of Allah: Examples of Dawwānī and Aḥmad Nūrī

İslâm inanç sisteminin en temel konusu ve gayesi şüphesiz marifetullah (Allah’ın bilinmesi) mevzuudur. Bu konuda yapılan çalışmalar literatürde daha çok isbât-ı vâcib olarak isimlendirilmekte, kelâm, felsefe ve tasavvuf ekollerinin her biri için en kıymetli mesai olarak kabul edilmektedir. Kelâm ekolleri daha çok İbn Sînâ’nın (ö. 428/1037) etkisiyle Fahreddin Râzî (ö. 606/1210) sonrası yoğun olarak bu kavramsallaştırmayı kullanmaya başlamıştır. Sûfiyye ise daha çok vahdet-i vücûd nazariyesi temelinde bu çalışmalara katılmıştır. Kelâm ilminde bütün inanç esasları en nihayetinde Allah’a imanı açıklamak ve güçlendirmek için temellendirilir. Bu sebeple Allah’a iman aslü’l-usûl (bütün ilkelerin aslı) olarak anılır. 
 Tarihî konjonktürde Kelâm ilmi içerde Müslümanların inanç meselelerini tartışırken dışarda da genişleyen İslâm coğrafyasının ortaya çıkardığı inanç meselelerine isbât-ı vâcib çalışmalarıyla cevap vermeye gayret etmiştir. Bu çerçevede nübüvvet ve âhiret konuları kelâma dahil edilmiştir. Kelâm tarihi başlangıcı itibariyle özellikle materyalist çevrelere karşı Allah’ın varlığını savunurken büyük ölçüde atomculuk nazariyesini kullanmıştır. Zaman içinde İslâm felsefesi ve tasavvufun sistemleşmesiyle beraber kelâmın hudûs delili, felsefenin imkân delili ve sûfiyyenin keşf ve ilham delili üç ayrı koldan bu mesaiyi güçlendirirken hem bu ekollerin kendi içindeki etkileşimi, hem de isbât-ı vâcib çalışmalarının muhataplarının çeşitlenmesi kullanılan delilleri birbirine yaklaştırmıştır. Özellikle Şehristânî (öl. 548/1153) ve Fahreddin Râzî (öl. 606/1210) sonrası terminoloji, konu ve metodoloji anlamında gerçekleşen yakınlaşma felsefî kelâm geleneğini ortaya çıkarmıştır. Bu süreçte ontolojik, kozmolojik ve teleolojik delillerin kullanımında kelâmcılar hudûs ve imkân kavramlarını birlikte kullanmaya başlamışlardır. Osmanlının son dönemlerine kadar takip edilmesi mümkün olan bu çalışmaların önemli temsilcilerinden Celâleddin ed-Devvânî’nin (öl. 908/1502) çalışmamıza konu olmasının sebebi de isbât-ı vâcib delillerini birlikte kullanmadaki mahareti ve kendisinden sonraki süreci etkileme gücü olarak özetlenebilir. Onun bu toparlayıcı özelliği kendisinden önceki isbât-ı vâcib çalışmalarının eksik taraflarını ikmal edip kendi eserlerinde meseleleri birleştirmesinde görülmektedir. Bu sebeple yazdığı risâlelere uzun yıllar şerh ve hâşiyeler yapılmış ve bu süreç XIX. yüzyıla kadar devam etmiştir.
 Özellikle bu yüz yılda materyalizmin yeniden Batıda güçlenmeye başlaması ve Osmanlıda bir kesim ilim ve fikir adamını etkilemesi benzer bir tarihî tecrübe anlamına gelmektedir. Bu sebeple Allah’ın varlık delillerinin yine birbirini destekleyerek kullanılmasının lüzumu hâsıl olmuştur. Çalışmamızda bu münasebetle sürecin geldiği noktayı görmek bakımından İslâm düşüncesinin üç temel ekolü olan kelâm, İslâm felsefesi ve tasavvufun isbât-ı vâcib konusunda ürettikleri ortak argümanları vukûfiyetle ele alan son dönem Osmanlı âlimlerinden Ahmed Nûri’nin (19. yüzyıl) görüşlerini de ele aldık.

Considering spirituality in contemporary Spiritualist art

ABSTRACT Paintings and drawings of spirits of the deceased have been produced by Spiritualists since 1852. Spiritualism in Britain has seven principles of belief, and the associated art has six classifications. The art is known as Spiritualist or spirit art. Spiritualist principles support the theory that life in the form of a spirit survives death; the fourth principle, ‘Continuous Existence of the Human Soul’, is central to this article and its discussion of how spirituality emerges as art is created. Spirit artists engage in creating basic portraits of the deceased without having known them, through a process of amanuensis from a believed spiritual source. For Spiritualists, the portraits provide visual evidence of life beyond death. This article explores the concept of spirituality in relation to this form of art. It includes discussion of two pieces of artwork and draws on transcripts of interviews with practicing spirit artists, as well as the author’s personal experience of spirit art. It suggests that spirit art is a useful, but neglected, lens through which to explore spirituality.

Çocuklara Allah İnancının Öğretiminde Temel İlkeler

When it comes to education, the first thing that comes to mind is child education. Religious education is also a part of it. Religion has sections such as belief, worship, morality and acting. Although these fields are intertwined, there are different principles and rules in teaching each of them. In particular, the fact that the principles of belief are composed of abstract subjects makes the subject much more sensitive and difficult. In this article is discussed the teaching of belief in Allah, which forms the basis of Islamic belief. A single mistake in teaching children about belief in Allah can cause major problems. Therefore, parents and educators should be careful in this regard. Within this framework, the principles to be considered in the teaching of belief in Allah are explained under the following headings: 1. Love of Allah Should Be Essential 2. Tolerance Is a Must 3. Attention Should Be Paid to the Principle of Gradualism 4. It Should Appeal to the Heart of the Child 5. The Attention of the Child Should be Directed to the Surrounding Things and Events. While explaining these principles, verses and hadiths were taken as a basis, the views of today’s educators and psychologists were used and these principles were illustrated with examples.

ISLAMIC HOUSEHOLD FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT IN THE KELURAHAN TANJUNG DUREN AREA, WEST JAKARTA

Islamic family financial management must be based on the principle of belief that the determinant and provider of sustenance is Allah with an intentional effort to meet the needs of the family so that they can worship sincerely so that they have the commitment and priority of halal income that brings blessings and avoids illicit income that brings disaster.The purpose of this activity is to be able understand household financial management from an Islamic point of view, Implement management of spending and consumption patterns from an Islamic point of view The implementation method used is 1). Extension method; used for deliver material in the form of theory. 2). Question and answer method; used to provide opportunities for participants who are not yet clear in their understanding; 3). Demonstration Method; Implementation Islamic spending and consumption patterns4).Exercise/Practice Methods; An example of Islamic household financial management. The result of this activity is the participants' understanding of the three basic principles of managing Muslim household finances, namely: 1) Strive to earn a living that is lawful and thayyib., 2) Efficient and economical and 3) Get used to saving for the hereafter

A reunião: um diálogo entre a arte e o design para gestão e criação de um produto audiovisual em meio a pandemia de COVID-19 Orlando José Dantas Lopes

This project promotes a dialogue between contemporary art, cinema and design, seeking to develop an audiovisual project using limited resources in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic. The study starts from a creative process focused on a poetics materialized through masks designed in the form of sculptures and installations that are transmuted into three-dimensional performance elements, composing costumes and scenarios suitable for creative exploration in the scope of photography and audiovisual production. The narratives and aesthetics are designed with light and shadow effects, emptiness and filling, space and non-space concepts. The social isolation caused by the new Coronavirus is personified through sensations and experiences of color, light and darkness, creating a ritualistic atmosphere of transformation of the self, starting from the principles of belief and faith, in addition to a cycle of learning and unveiling in an obscure environment. The methodology used was based on design thinking strategies, interviews with creators and potential consumers, scriptwriting, scale, costume development, photomontages and prototyping of the proposed audiovisual product. Making a creative proposal during the social isolation proved to be a methodological, managerial, financial, technical and mental challenge, in view of the overload of activities for the team members and the difficulties generated by remote work, with decision-making that is often time-consuming and dense. This study is relevant for creators, producers, designers and visual artists interested in producing audiovisual products with a strong creative appeal and at the same time with limited resources, using methodologies focused on remote team work.

THE MALAY CULTURAL LANDSCAPE OF KUTAI HOUSES

The 'Malays cosmology' focuses on principles of belief, the world of thought, and culture. Concerning the Malay landscape, this research is a continuation of previous findings. This study aims to obtain a list of landscape elements and their arrangements in the Kutai house (KH) style compound, located in the Perak Tengah District. On the other hand, the study was conducted to determine each landscape design elements' function, layout, and composition. It exposes the identity of the Malay landscape and indirectly enhances the community's self-esteem. It is possible to broaden the Malay Garden concept (MGC) identity and image. The finding showed a significant resultthat illustrated this concept is inconsistent as it has been subject to several interpretations and makes it challenging to explore scientifically.

A Study on the Salvation Army

Kurtuluş Ordusu’nun kurucusu William Booth, başlangıçta Metodist Kiliselerde vaazlar vermiş, daha sonra bu kiliseden ayrılarak “Hıristiyan Misyonu” adında sosyal ve dini bir oluşum meydana getirmiştir. Bu hareket, 1878 yılında “Kurtuluş Ordusu” adını almıştır. Çok sayıda ülkede teşkilatlanan Kurtuluş Ordusu yaşlı, kadın, çocuk bakım evleri kurmuş, bunların yanı sıra yardım organizasyonları, mahkûmların ıslahı, doğal afetler, insan kaçakçılığı ile mücadele ve mültecilere yapılan yardımlarla hem lokal hem de uluslararası düzeyde ilgi çekmeye ve itibarını artırmaya devam etmektedir. Kurtuluş Ordusu’nun bulunduğu her bölgede, bölgesel karargâh olarak bilinen bir yönetim merkezi mevcuttur. Karargâhlar, Londra’daki uluslararası karargâhtaki bölge komutanı tarafından yönetilmektedir. Küçük bölgeler albaylar, daha büyük bölgeler ise komiserler tarafından yönetilmektedir. Episkopal bir yapı taşıması sebebiyle Katolik Kilisesi’ni andıran Kurtuluş Ordusu, inanç noktasında bu kilise ile aynı inançları kabul etmektedir. Ayrıca hareket, Protestan ve Evanjelik bir kilise görünümüne sahip olmasına rağmen, sakramentlere farklı açıdan yaklaşmaktadır. Bu araştırmada Kurtuluş Ordusu’nun tarihi, teşkilat yapısı, faaliyetleri, inanç esasları ve uygulamaları ortaya konmaya çalışılmıştır. Bahsi geçen hususlar aktarılırken önem sırasına göre deskiriptif, karşılaştırma ve kronolojik yöntemler kullanılmıştır. Ayrıca literatür taraması yapılmış ve Kurtuluş Ordusu’nun ortaya çıkış dönemine ait çeşitli kaynaklar ve özellikle bizzat kendilerine ait olanlar incelenmiştir.

Relation between Pupils’ Mathematical Self-Efficacy and Mathematical Problem Solving in the Context of the Teachers’ Preferred Pedagogies

In research focused on self-efficacy it is usually teacher-related phenomena that are studied, while the main aspects related to pupils are rather neglected, although self-efficacy itself is perceived as a belief in one’s own abilities. Evidently, this strongly influences the behavior of individuals in terms of the goal and success in mathematical problem-solving. Considering that alternative teaching methods are based on the principle of belief in one’s own ability (mainly in the case of group work), higher self-efficacy can be expected in the pupils of teachers who use predominantly the well-working pupil-centered pedagogies. A total of 1133 pupils in grade 5 from 36 schools in the Czech Republic were involved in the testing of their ability to solve mathematical problems and their mathematical self-efficacy as well. Participants were divided according to the above criteria as follows: (i) 73 from Montessori primary schools, (ii) 332 pupils educated in mathematics according to the Hejný method, (iii) 510 pupils from an ordinary primary school, and (iv) 218 pupils completing the Dalton teaching plan. In the field of mathematical problem-solving the pupils from the Montessori primary schools clearly outperformed pupils from the Dalton Plan schools (p = 0.027) as well as pupils attending ordinary primary schools (p = 0.009), whereas the difference between the Montessori schools and Hejný classes was not significant (p = 0.764). There is no statistically significant difference in the level of self-efficacy of pupils with respect to the preferred strategies for managing learning activities (p = 0.781). On the other hand, correlation between mathematical problem-solving and self-efficacy was confirmed in all the examined types of schools. However, the correlation coefficient was lower in the case of the pupils from the classes applying the Hejný method in comparison with the pupils attending the Montessori schools (p = 0.073), Dalton Plan schools (p = 0.043), and ordinary primary schools (p = 0.002). Even though the results in mathematical problem-solving are not consistent across the studies, the presented results confirm better performance of pupils in some constructivist settings, particularly in the case of individual constructivism in the Montessori primary schools. The factors influencing lower correlation of self-efficacy and performance in mathematical problem-solving ought to be subject to further investigation.

IMPLEMENTASI STRATEGI PEMSARAN PADA BIRO PERJALANAN UMRAH DALAM PERSPEKTIF PEMASARAN SYARIAH

The increase in Hajj registrants in Indonesia every year causes the pilgrimage queue to be longer which makes opportunities for Hajj and Umrah travel. However, there are some companies that are less responsible in conducting their business, so that makes some people lack trust in the Hajj and Umrah travel. This study aims to know the marketing strategy aplication of Umrah Travel Agency based on the perspective of sharia marketing. This marketing strategy needs to be carried out in order to increase the trust of prospective customers. The marketing strategies used in this research are the marketing mix of 9p + c (product, price, place, promotion, people, process, physical evidence, promise, patience, customer centrism). This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach with the case study method at PT. Nur Dhuha Wisata in Surabaya. The technique of data collecting uses interview, observation, and documentation. Based on the results of the study, the implementation of the marketing strategy undertaken by PT. Nur Dhuha Wisata has been appropriate with the principles of sharia marketing which consists of the principle of monotheism or piety, the principle of human unity or justice, and the principle of belief in the unity of the world and the hereafter.

The Legal Politics of Regulation for Lesbian, Lesbian, Gays, Bisexuals and Transgende (LGBT) in Indonesian Law (Discourse Between Punishment and Regulation)

<p><em>The LGBT phenomenon is a trending topic in the midst of society after the Constitutional Court has issued a Decision Number 46 / PUU-XIV / 2016 on the examination of norms on Article 284, 286 and 292 of the Criminal Code with the Decision rejecting all petition completely. LGBT is actually a classic problem that has existed as human civilization on earth. LGBT is different from other normal human beings because LGBT has a disorder in terms of sexual orientation so that such circumstances require the presence of the State to take action by criminalizing LGBT because it sees widespread impacts or otherwise violates LGBT on the basis of freedom and human rights. Political law is the activity of choosing the law that will be applied in order to achieve the purpose of the law all of which leads to the achievement of the purpose of the State with the law as a tool. This study is a normative juridical research, where the data used in this study is secondary data in the form of books, legislation, documents and other writings relating to the problems under investigation. Based on the result of the research, it is found that LGBT arrangement in law in Indonesia is a must since Indonesia is a Pancasila country with the first principle of Belief in Godhead and Country built on religious values. The constitutional juridical basis of LGBT arrangement can be seen in Pancasila as the source of all sources of law, The Introduction of the 1945 Constitution, the 1945 Constitution of Indonesian republic, Law Number 12 on 2011 concering the Formulation of Legislation which all affirm that the establishment of law in Indonesia can not be released away from the religious values adopted in Indonesia.</em></p>

Diversity of Tarekat Communities and Social Changes in Indonesian History

Islam as a religious system is generally based on three principal teachings called as aqidah (theology), syari'ah (law), and tasawwuf (Sufism, moral and spiritual). Each thought and the Islamic expertise have also established Muslim communities that demonstrate the diversity of social and religious history in various regions on the spread of Islam. In the history of the spread of Islam in Indonesia, particularly the Sufis always showed a significant role in each period of social change. Therefore, further discussion of this paper will be based on the development of tarekat communities. The historical facts in this study are presented gradually based on the unique cases in each period. The tarekat communities in Nusantara in the early period of Islam, which is the 13th century until the 17th century, have established the religious system patterned on the diversity of doctrine, thought, and tradition that is acculturative with various cultures of the local society in Nusantara. Then they developed during the Dutch colonial period in the 18th century and the 19th century. Besides contributing in the Islam religious founding, they also contributed in the patriotism struggle and even protested in the form of rebellion towards the Dutch colonial. The Sufis from various tarekat streams displayed antagonistic of political acts towards the Colonial government policies. It was developed at the beginning of the 20th century, which is the period of nationalism and of Islamic reform movements. The social force of tarekat people became an indicator of the religion revival that was very influencing towards the nationalism movement in Indonesia. The last one, it has been developing on the independence day of Indonesia, which is called the contemporary period, until today. The tarekat people have built a community system variously based on the principle of beliefs and various ritual activities. The tarekat people always develop, modify, and actualize the tasawwuf teachings and the tarekat practice, mainly in order to complete the spirituality and morality improvement of the society. The tarekat people’s contributions are very helpful for the society in general in order to fulfill the mental necessity. Their religiosity is also strategic enough to be used as a control media for the moral life of the nation.

Konsep Ideal Pendidikan Islam sebagai Relasi Primordial Manusia dengan Tuhan

Education is an urgent thing for human life. For that education has a primary position in human life. But in the context of education is perceived as a tool to gain wealth and power. His soul and heart were filled with worldly hopes. The existence of existing education no longer leads man to discover who his Lord is, but directed at the gods that are material (new idols). Therefore, Islamic education should be understood as one of the right concepts to restore human relations with God. The concept of Islamic education is an appropriate means to restore humans to their primordial relation with God. The concept of Islamic education in line with national education as set forth in the 1945 Constitution and the National Education System Law no. 20 year 2003. Is an education system that comes from a single paradigm that is the concept of Oneness of God. Islamic education introduces "Tauhid", the philosophy of the state also embraces the concept of monotheism in the first principle of Belief in the One Supreme. From this single paradigm can then be drawn the conclusion that Islamic education is the only concept of education that can restore man to God.

Conscientious objection in Scientific Ethics and its relationship with ideology, religion and laws

Abstract Conscientious objection (CO) is the refusal to obey laws due to moral, religious or belief principles. The ideologies or religions underlying laws or constitutions have been seldom analyzed. Scientific Ethics finds that constitutions and laws have implicit or explicit ideological elements that are imposed on citizens, and denies or forbids others that lead citizens to CO. Ideological analysis is critical for laws that violate other rights, moral or ethical principles that are accepted by everyone and aggressions to humans or animals. CO is critically different in the cases of military service, abortion (killing fetuses), vaccination or tax payments. In the case of abortion the commandment is to kill a fetus in certain conditions; but to kill human beings contradicts the medical foundations and most religions or ideologies. Constitutions and laws should respect the ideologies or religions of that people so citizens can express and live his or her ideology without contradiction or CO. A law on abortion should provide centers of abortion served by professionals that share that ideology; this would avoid CO.