Principal Part Research Articles

On some differential equations involving a new kind of variable exponents

In this paper, we are concerned with some new first order differential equation defined on the whole real axis R . The principal part of the equation involves an operator with variable exponent p depending on the variable x ∈ R through the unknown solution while the nonlinear part involves the classical variable exponent p ( x ) . Such kind of situation is very related to the presence of the variable exponent and has not been treated before. Our existence result of nontrivial solution cannot be reached using standard variational or topological methods of nonlinear analysis and some sophisticated arguments have to be employed.

Mechanism Study on the Impact of China Population Structure Change on the Water Use of the Three Main Industries

As the principal part of economic and social development, the demographic factor is the fundamental factor driving the change of water resources, and achieving the harmony of human and water has been one of the most important tasks to promote high-quality development. Based on Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory, this article applied panel data for 19 years and employed impulse response functions and threshold models to do a mechanism analysis of the impact of population structure changes on the water consumption changes of the three main industries. The study found the following: Firstly, the urban population promotes an increase of the total water consumption, industrial water consumption, and domestic water consumption, which suppresses agricultural water consumption and shows an inverted “N” trend. Secondly, the aging population has expanded the total water consumption, and agricultural and domestic water demand, and reduced industrial water consumption. Thirdly, food consumption helps to reduce the total water consumption and agricultural water consumption, but increases the industrial water consumption and the growth rate rises. Fourthly, the increase in the proportion of agricultural employment reduces the total water consumption, and agricultural and domestic water consumption, and increases industrial water consumption. Fifthly, the total water consumption and domestic water consumption both increase with the improvement of the population education level, while the agricultural water consumption declines first and then rises. The empirical results can provide a reference for analyzing the driving mechanisms of regional water consumption changes.

Wedding Ritual Games of Ukrainians (Typology and Semantics)

The submitted research fills in an essential gap in the study of entertaining and gaming culture of Ukrainians. These problems have been left out of the attention of Ukrainian scientists for a long time under the influence of clerical, ideological and moral censorship. Collected and analyzed folklore-ethnographic materials give a certain idea about a rich gaming repertoire of the second part of folk wedding, called perezva. Mainly the agrarian nature of Ukrainians’ traditional culture explains the fact, that the principal part of this repertoire is formed by the gaming practices, imitating the production activity of grain-grower (from the land cultivation and harvest gathering to the production of foodstuffs). In the context of archaic consciousness the working processes have been associated closely with the productively-erotic magic, called for the support of happiness and welfare of newly-created family. The games with brightly expressed erotic symbolism and attributes, accompanied with a shameful folklore and expressive vocabulary, belong to the most ancient layer of the agrarian rites. In the traditional perezva of Ukrainians this group is represented by the games Tovkty Stupu (To Pound the Mortar), Zabyvannia Kilka (Chopa) (Driving down the Stake), Pokazuvaty Mezhu (To Show the Bound) and others. The games Molotyty Zhyto (To Mill the Rye) or Siiaty Zhyto (To Sow the Rye), Kosar (Mower), Koval (Blacksmith), Melnyk (Miller), Tokar (Turner), Molotarka (Thresher), Kombain (Combine) and others belong to the category of imitative performances. In the patriarchal Ukrainian village, where the owners of another profession, than the grain-growers themselves, form an absolute minority, their figures and activities are imparted with definite sacral features, typical for the representatives of strange world. The way of gaming undressing (nudity), observed by us in the wedding customs, is the antithesis of carnival mummering and masking. Both these gaming practices become traditional ways of people transference into the atmosphere of holiday, where everything is upside-down, not as it is in everyday life. Historical development of wedding ceremonies, which has lasted for many centuries, takes place in different ways. One of them are the most barbarian and archaic. They disappear and are forgotten after the contradictions with new conditions of life. Another have changed gradually into the folk amateur theatre. Humour, life optimism, dramatic improvisation are considered as the typical features of it.

Muslim Coins as a Commodity and Means of Payment in International and Internal Trade In Volga-Ural Region In 8th- Beginning of 11th cc

The article examines the spread of Muslim Kufic coins in Eastern, Western and Northern Europe, on the territory of Volga Bulgaria, Ancient Rus, the neighbours of Bulgars – ancestors of the Mari, Udmurt, Mordva and other Finno-Ugric ethnicities during the early Middle Ages in the 8th – beginning of the 11th centuries. The research of these coins shows the list of countries and Muslim dynasties the above-mentioned countries had trade relations with and their chronological framework. Coins of Umayyads, Abbasids, Samanids, Buwayhids, Ziyarids, Qarakhanids and other Muslim dynasties were discovered. Ways of Kufic dirhems expansion and their chronological framework are shown. The main role of Khazar Khanate is marked for the time span of 8th – 9th centuries whereas since X century the principal part was played by Volga Bulgaria. American numismatist T. Noonan designated them as Khazar and Bulgar phases of trade of Kufic coins. Bulgar coins, minted in 902–990-s, participated actively in this process. Together they acted as a commodity and medium of exchange, which reflected the scale of trade operations of the early Middle Ages. The study of Muslim Kufic dirhems allowed the author to clear up the role of Khazar Khanate and Volga Bulgaria in the functioning of Great Silk and Volga routes in the 8th – beginning of the 11th centuries.

Analysis of visual impression based on Bra's basic components

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to discuss the relationship between bra's visual impression and bra parts, and then to explore the application of visual impression in bra design.Design/methodology/approachFirstly, 82 female undergraduates are asked to answered this questionnaire online, which is about the importance of parts in bra design. In the part of data analysis, the method of principal part analysis (PCA) are used to get the relationship between bra's parts, and reduce dimension of factors that influence bra design. After that, those group of features are further discussed from the perspective of visual design. Finally, design an application based on conclusion.FindingsTo get the influence features of bra appearance and improve the visual design effect, this paper matches the bra parts with visual features (color, texture, shape and space) and presents four main features of bra design: “color,” “visual texture,” “design shape” and “spatial expression” together with corresponding bra parts and technique of expression. Moreover, user interface in bra cloud customization is designed.Practical implicationsThe conclusion, which shows the corresponding relationship between bra visual effect and its basic parts, has an important role in bra visual design. First, it can be useful for design idea with different technique of expression, which may supply a theoretical basis for design. Secondly, the combination of bra parts and visual features can be used to evaluate the appearance.Originality/valueDiscussing the bra visual impression based on bra's basic parts and visual features provides a theoretical method for bra design and its appearance evaluation.

Reconstruction of post–burn facial deformities, using stretched flaps

Objective. Improvement of the surgical treatment results in patients with post-burn deformities of the face, using maximal restoration of cutaneous coverings of principal parts with optimal application of stretched tissues in adjacent places.
 Materials and methods. Into the investigation were included 37 patients, who were treated in 2009 - 2019 yrs,23 men and 14 women, ageing 10 - 62 yrs old (median age have constituted 25.7 yrs old). For facial defects plasty were applied the stretched frontal flap (5), lateral and lower facial flaps (4), submandibular and submandibularly-cervical (8), cervical (7) and cervical and cervico-brachial flaps (16). In 2 patients with bilateral affection the cervical and cervico-brachial flaps were applied on both sides.
 Results. All the flaps applied took the root primarily. During first postoperative 24 h in 4 patients venous congestion in cervical and cervical-brachial flaps was noted, which have disappeared after application of the antiaggregate preparations. Main criteria of estimation of the treatment far remote results were: the completeness of the cicatrices excision, the secondary deformity occurrence and restoration of the face main contours. Far emote results were studied in 17 patients and were estimated as good. In other patients the result is unknown.
 Conclusion. Depending on the cicatricial defect localization and presence of unaffected tissues in various anatomical zones of the face and neck, application of the stretched flaps is possible, what permits to obtain a sufficient quantity of viable plastic material with textural properties, which are close to defect. Using stretched flapsin various anatomical zones of face and neck good result was obtained in immediate and far remote periods of observation.

Carleman estimates and boundedness of associated multiplier operators

Let P(D) be the Laplacian or the wave operator □. The following type of Carleman estimate is known to be true on a certain range of p, q: with C independent of The estimates are consequences of the uniform Sobolev type estimates for second order differential operators due to Kenig-Ruiz-Sogge [1] and Jeong-Kwon-Lee [2]. The range of p, q for which the uniform Sobolev type estimates hold was completely characterized for the second order differential operators with nondegenerate principal part. But the optimal range of p, q for which the Carleman estimate holds has not been clarified before. When □, or the heat operator, we obtain a complete characterization of the admissible p, q for the aforementioned type of Carleman estimate. For this purpose we investigate Lp –Lq boundedness of related multiplier operators. As applications, we also obtain some unique continuation results.

Manipulating Majorana qubit states without braiding

We propose a scheme to manipulate the Majorana qubit states other than braiding. By utilizing electron transport through Majorana zero modes and tuning the magnetic flux in the setup, the aim of Majorana qubit state manipulation can be fulfilled. The principal part in the setup is an Aharonov-Bohm (AB) interferometer consisting of two topological superconducting chains (TSCs) connected to two leads. We obtain the exact master equation as well as its solution and study the general properties of the real-time dynamics of the Majorana qubit states. The parity of the Majorana qubit state can be almost perfectly polarized by tuning the bias and can also be flipped by switching the sign of the cross couplings between the TSCs and the leads. Moreover, the qubit coherence shows a phase rigidity due to the intrinsic particle-hole symmetry of the Majorana AB interferometer, which is different from that in the double-quantum-dot AB interferometers without topological properties.

Adaptive Extraction of Oil Painting Texture Features Based on Reaction Diffusion Equation

The oil painting retrieval technology based on the reaction diffusion equation has attracted widespread attention in the fields of oil painting processing and pattern recognition. The description and extraction of oil painting information and the classification method of oil paintings are two important processes in content-based oil painting retrieval. Inspired by the restoration and decomposition functional model of equal oil painting, we propose a reaction diffusion equation model. The new model contains two reaction diffusion equations with different principal parts. One principal part is total variation diffusion, which is used to remove noise. The other main part is thermal diffusion, which is used to modify the source term of the denoising reaction-diffusion equation to achieve the effect of protecting the texture of the oil painting. The interaction of the two reaction-diffusion equations finally achieves denoising while maintaining the boundaries and textures. Under the framework of the above reaction diffusion equation model, we introduce Laplace flow to replace the original total variation flow, so that the new denoising reaction diffusion equation combines the isotropic diffusion and total variation flow of the thermal reaction diffusion equation to achieve the effect of adaptive theoretical research. Using regularization methods and methods, we, respectively, get the well-posedness of the two model solutions, which provides the necessary preparation for numerical calculations. Based on the statistical theory and classification principles of support vector machines, combined with the characteristics of oil painting classification, the research and analysis are carried out from the three important aspects of kernel function, training algorithm, and multiclass classifier algorithm that affect the classification effect and speed. Numerical experiments show that the given filter model has a better processing effect on images with different types and different degrees of noise pollution. On this basis, an oil painting classification system based on texture features is designed, combined with an improved gray-level cooccurrence matrix algorithm and a multiclass support vector machine classification model, to extract, train, and classify oil paintings. Experiments with three types of oil paintings prove that the system can achieve a good oil painting classification effect. Different from the original model, the new model is based on the framework of reaction-diffusion equations. In addition, the new model has good effects in removing step effects, maintaining boundaries and denoising, especially in maintaining texture.

Phishing Detection Methods: A Review

The web has turned into a principal part of our conventional social and financial activities. The web isn't significant for singular clients just yet additionally for associations, since associations that offer web-based exchanging can accomplish an upper hand by serving overall customers. Webworks arriving at clients all around the globe with no commercial center limitations and with successful utilization of internet business. Consequently, Internet customers may be defenceless against different kinds of web risks, that may cause financial damages, information forgery, brand reputation mischief, the sacrifice of private information, and loss of customers' confidence in online business and electronic banking. Thusly, the reasonableness of the Internet for business exchanges becomes dubious. Phishing is seen as a design of web peril which is classified as the forte of mimicking a website of a legitimate undertaking proposing to gain a client's private accreditations, for instance, usernames, passwords, and federal retirement aide numbers. In this paper, we present an overview of cutting-edge research on such attacks. Besides, we expect to perceive the cutting-edge advancements in phishing, furthermore, give a far-reaching overview and comparison of these kinds of literatures to understand the hole that is as yet prevailing around anti-phishing. This overview will be for the most types of online phishing detection techniques for the last 4 years.

Recovering density for the Mindlin–Timoshenko system by means of a single boundary measurement

In this paper, we consider an inverse problem for the Mindlin–Timoshenko plate system, which is a strongly coupled two-dimensional system consisting of a wave equation and a system of isotropic elasticity, that arises in modeling plate vibrations especially at high frequencies and thicker plates. More precisely, we prove the global uniqueness of recovering the plate density from a single boundary measurement under appropriate geometrical assumptions. Our approach relies on diagonalizing the principal part of the system and making it a system of wave-like equations.

Degenerated and Competing Dirichlet Problems with Weights and Convection

This paper focuses on two Dirichlet boundary value problems whose differential operators in the principal part exhibit a lack of ellipticity and contain a convection term (depending on the solution and its gradient). They are driven by a degenerated (p,q)-Laplacian with weights and a competing (p,q)-Laplacian with weights, respectively. The notion of competing (p,q)-Laplacians with weights is considered for the first time. We present existence and approximation results that hold under the same set of hypotheses on the convection term for both problems. The proofs are based on weighted Sobolev spaces, Nemytskij operators, a fixed point argument and finite dimensional approximation. A detailed example illustrates the effective applicability of our results.

Resonance frequencies of arbitrarily shaped dielectric cylinders

ABSTRACT We consider eigenvalue problems for dielectric cylindrical scatterers of arbitrary cross with generalized conditions at infinity that enable one to take into account complex eigenvalues. The existence of resonance (scattering) frequencies associated with these eigenvalues is proved. The technique involves the determination of characteristic numbers (CNs) of the Fredholm operator-valued functions of the problems constructed using Green's potentials. Separating principal parts in the form of meromorphic operator pencils, we apply the operator generalization of Rouché's theorem to verify the occurrence of CNs in close proximities of the pencil poles. The results are illustrated in detail using the case of a dielectric cylinder of circular cross section.

Low-velocity impact perforation response of titanium/composite laminates: analytical and experimental investigation

The low-velocity impact perforation behavior of fiber-metal laminates (FMLs) is evaluated by analytical modeling. Four different FML layups consisting of glass fiber/epoxy layers and titanium alloy Ti–6Al–4V sheets are fabricated, exhibiting the same thickness of total metal layers. The perforation behavior, threshold, and energy absorption mechanisms of FMLs are assessed using a mass-spring system. The results indicate that the elastic–plastic force history of FMLs up to maximum force predicted by both membrane and bending strain energy (M & B) and membrane strain energy only (M only) is found to be in good agreement with experiments, with M only matches closely than both M & B. The principal part of the total energy absorption of FMLs with both M & B and M only accounts for the energy absorption associated with global deformation of titanium and glass/epoxy layers, which is 67–71% and 65–69%, respectively. Here, a higher percentage of energy is absorbed by FML 4/3–0.3, succeeding by FMLs 3/2–0.3(O), 3/2–0.4, and 2/1–0.6. The predicted perforation threshold and overall energy absorption by various damage mechanisms of FMLs are in good comparison with experiments. The perforation response has also been predicted for aluminum-based FMLs, agreeing well with experiments. This insists on the robustness of the offered model. Also, the perforation resistance seems to be higher for titanium-based FMLs than aluminum-based FMLs. The overall energy absorption seems to be higher for titanium-based FMLs under low-velocity impact than high-velocity impact. This is also observed in the case of aluminum-based FMLs.

Inverse problems for first-order hyperbolic equations with time-dependent coefficients

We prove global Lipschitz stability for inverse source and coefficient problems for first-order linear hyperbolic equations, the coefficients of which depend on both space and time. We use a global Carleman estimate, and a crucial point, introduced in this paper, is the choice of the length of integral curves of a vector field generated by the principal part of the hyperbolic operator to construct a weight function for the Carleman estimate. These integral curves correspond to the characteristic curves in some cases.

Continuous two phase partitioning bioreactor (C-TPPB) for removal of xenobiotics: Design criteria

This paper proposes a new continuous two phase bioreactor (C-TPPB) configuration for the removal and degradation of xenobiotic compounds from wastewaters. The reactor is made of three principal parts: a tube side in which the wastewater flows; a polymeric membrane which constitutes the tube walls; a shell side, set as a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR), in which the xenobiotics are degraded by means of a bacterial population. A mathematical model for the system description was developed and validated by means of fitting using literature experimental data obtained from a similar configuration. Since the nature of the fitting parameters did not depend upon the particular set-up, such validation procedure was possible. A dimensionless analysis was also carried out by defining a modified Stenton (St’) and Damköhler (Da’) number in order to detect the C-TTPB design criteria. The removal of 4-NtiroPhenol was reported as a case study and an algorithm for a preliminary design procedure was developed.

PEMETAAN INDEKS TINGKAT PELAYANAN JALAN PONOKAWAN SAMPAI JALAN MAYJEN BAMBANG YUWONO KRIAN KABUPATEN SIDOARJO DENGAN METODE LINIER

The development of West Sidoarjo especially at Krian city has a major influence on the growth of suburban areas. By increasing the number and activity of the population, transportation is one of the principal parts that cannot be separated from the activity. This leads to quite complex traffic problems, especially traffic density problems. This research was conducted to analyze the Service Level Index (ITP) with linear regression method on Jalan Ponokawan until Jalan Mayjend Bambang Yuwono Krian. The survey was conducted in the morning (07.00-09.00), afternoon (12.00-14.00), and evening (16.00-18.00) to analyze the calculation of traffic volume, road capacity, and the speed of the free flow by using Manual Kapasitas Jalan Indonesia (MKJI) 1997. The Geographic Information System (GIS) can help to provide information on road service level index analysis in the form of thematic maps that are easy to understand. From the results of data analysis, a service level index (a) is calculated on each segment using linear regression method and the result of segment I is 0,093, segment II is 0.141, segment III is 0.074, segment IV is 0.210, segment V is 0.130, segment VI is 0.109, and segment VII is 0.113.

Global solvability for nonlinear nonautonomous evolution inclusions of Volterra-type and its applications

We study a nonlinear nonautonomous evolution inclusion of Volterra-type with time delay involving a multivalued nonlinearity. The family of operators (possibly unbounded) in the principal part of the evolution inclusion generates a noncompact evolution family. Global solvability for local and nonlocal initial value problems corresponding to the evolution inclusion is considered. The investigation in the present paper is based on two topological fixed point theorems. We impose a condition of Hausdorff-measure of noncompactness on the nonlinearity, which allows us to overcome the lack of compactness of the evolution family. Finally, we present an example to illustrate the abstract results.

Incentive Management of Power Demand-side Project Construction Considering Environmental Loss Allocation Based on Evolutionary Game Theory

Objectives: Power demand-side construction projects should consider the potential environmental damage and formulate feasible measures to increase the willingness of participants to take the initiative actions. Methods: This paper innovatively takes the concept of environmental loss cost into the discussion of the project environmental governance issues, and applies the potential cost expenditures of both principal parts to the study of game strategy equilibrium problems. Results: And then, the evolutionary game analysis method is used to discuss the balance of supervision and incentives between government departments and power companies under different strategic choices. Considering the environmental damage cost, the research suggests that taking measures to improve the efficiency of government supervision, reducing supervision costs, or increasing the punishment of power enterprises for delaying responsibility will guide the government’s strategy to evolve in the direction of strengthening supervision. Conclusion: Increasing the incentives or penalties for power enterprises of taking active responsibility of environmental will also help improve the environmental governance of power demand-side projects. Finally some research perspectives are brought to the attention of readers.

Recommendation System

The most challenging problem in human resources specially in the IT digital services company, is to assign the best collaborator’s in the adequate project , then ensure the delivery’s performance.in this paper we aim to develop à recommandation System using based-content and collaborative filtering in order to recommend potential profiles for a new job offer. The Principal parts of this recommandation is the matching between job offer of new project and collaborators profiles and the scoring using AHP method. In the first step we propose a model of criteria to measure collective skills , we validate by a survey realized in the IT service company , we analyze the data collected using PCA method (Principal Component Analysis).the results indicate six factors to measure collective skills of each collaborator (Technical skill, Proactivity ,Integrity, Cooperation, Communication and Benevolence/Interpersonal Relationship), these factors are used in AHP function to give score for each collaborator then allow the recommendation for the adequate project.