Principal Class Research Articles

The Transition from Implementing the K-13 Curriculum to the Merdeka Belajar Curriculum in Elementary Schools

his research aims to describe the curriculum management implementation process at the primary school level. The phenomenon of changing times is unavoidable, especially after the COVID-19 pandemic, which has necessitated rapid changes in all aspects of human life, including education. Therefore, there has been a curriculum change in the Republic of Indonesia with the emergence of the "Merdeka Belajar " (Freedom to Learn) Curriculum as an alternative solution to address this phenomenon. The research used a qualitative method with a case study approach. Data sources were obtained through direct observation, documentation, and interviews with the school principal, Grade I, II, IV, and VI class teachers at SDN 01 Gayam Kota Kediri. This study seeks to uncover the curriculum transition process from the K-13 curriculum to the "Merdeka Belajar " curriculum in primary education units. The research findings indicate that the implementation of the "Merdeka Belajar " curriculum management is going well. The process includes planning and preparation through training and workshops, implementing learning based on the "Merdeka Belajar " curriculum, and continuous evaluation of the achievement of learning outcomes (CP). The "Merdeka Belajar " Curriculum Management process is effective and efficient.

Open loci of ideals with applications to birational maps

In this work we show that the loci of ideals in principal class, ideals of grade at least two, and ideals of maximal analytic spread are Zariski open sets in the parameter space. As an application, we show that the set of birational maps of clear polynomial degree d d over an arbitrary projective variety X X , denoted by B i r ( X ) d Bir(X)_{d} , is a constructible set. This extends a previous result by Blanc and Furter.

#6456 DSA-NEGATIVE MICROVASCULAR INFLAMMATION IN KIDNEY TRANSPLANT BIOPSIES: GENE EXPRESSION COMPARISON WITH NATIVE AND TRANSPLANT KIDNEY CONTROLS

Abstract Background and Aims Microvascular inflammation (MVI) in kidney transplant (KT) biopsies from patients without detectable anti-HLA donor-specific antibodies (DSA) presents a diagnostic and therapeutic dilemma. This study aimed to further understand the significance of these changes by characterizing their molecular phenotype compared to other native and transplant kidney biopsies. Method The NanoString B-HOT panel (770 genes) was used to measure the expression of six literature-derived gene sets in 195 archival FFPE kidney biopsies from four centers, including transplant biopsies with MVI (g+ptc>1) but no detectable DSA (MVI, n = 47), antibody-mediated rejection with DSA (ABMR, n = 42), pure T-cell mediated rejection without DSA (TCMR, n = 25), mixed MVI and TCMR without DSA (MVI+TCMR, n = 47), normal implant biopsies (Normal, n = 11), and native kidney biopsies with either endocapillary proliferative glomerulonephritis (GN, n = 12) or minimal change disease (MCD, n = 11). The evaluated gene sets included transcripts previously associated with ABMR, DSA (DSAST), endothelial injury (ENDAT), TCMR, early injury, and late injury. Gene expression was compared between groups using principal component and class comparison analyses. Results Principal component analysis demonstrated significant molecular overlap between sample groups (Fig. 1A). However, gene set analysis showed lower expression of ABMR-related, DSAST (Fig. 1B), and ENDAT gene sets in DSA-negative MVI compared to ABMR. DSAST and ENDAT gene set expression was similar between MVI, MVI+TCMR, and TCMR groups; but higher than native biopsies (p ≤ 0.002). TCMR and early injury gene set expression was higher in TCMR than all other groups (p ≤ 0.002), except MVI+TCMR. Late injury gene set expression was lower in MVI compared to ABMR, MVI+TCMR, and TCMR groups (p ≤ 0.031); but higher than the Normal and MCD groups (p ≥ 0.016). Conclusion These results suggest that DSA-negative MVI displays a lower expression of ABMR-related genes than ABMR, but similar to MVI+TCMR and higher than native kidney biopsies with or without glomerulonephritis. Further work is underway to evaluate the potential role of non-HLA DSA and recognition of missing self in these cases.

#6352 CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR SPECTRUM OF V-LESION

Abstract Background and Aims Isolated v-lesion is an increasingly recognized but clinically challenging entity. Some studies suggest that isolated v+ early post-transplant may be caused by non-alloimmune etiologies such as ischemic injury. We aimed to characterize the allograft outcomes of isolated v-lesions according to post-transplant time (early: ≤1 month vs. late: >1 month) and further understand the significance of this lesion by characterizing its molecular phenotype in comparison with other forms of rejection v+. Method The NanoString B-HOT panel (770 genes) was used to measure the expression of six literature-derived gene sets in 92 archival FFPE kidney biopsies from two centers, including transplant biopsies with isolated v-lesion (n = 23), antibody-mediated rejection (ABMR) with v+ (n = 26), pure T-cell mediated rejection (TCMR) with v+ (n = 10), mixed rejection v+ (n = 23), and normal implant biopsies (Normal, n = 10). The evaluated gene sets included transcripts previously associated with ABMR, DSA (DSAST), endothelial injury (ENDAT), TCMR, early injury, and late injury. Gene expression was compared between groups using principal component and class comparison analyses. Death-censored graft survival according to diagnosis and time after KT was assessed. Results Isolated v+ early conferred the worst death-censored graft survival one year after the biopsy (40%) when compared to isolated v+ late (100%) or other forms of rejection (≥82%, p = 0.034). The principal component analysis demonstrated significant molecular overlap between sample groups (PC1: 29.4%, PC2: 8.1%). However, gene set analysis showed lower expression of TCMR-related genes in isolated v+ groups compared to TCMR and mixed rejection (p<0.001). Both Isolated v+ early and late had lower ABMR-related genes than ABMR, mixed rejection, and TCMR groups (p ≤ 0.022). Moreover, isolated v+ late showed lower DSAST and ENDAT gene set expression than ABMR (p ≤ 0.046); and lower early injury gene set expression than isolated v+ early, ABMR, TCMR, and mixed rejection (p ≤ 0.026). Late injury gene set expression was highest in TCMR and mixed rejection compared to the other groups (p ≥ 0.034). Conclusion These results suggest that early and late isolated v+ lesions display lower expression of TCMR-related genes than TCMR and mixed rejection and lower expression of ABMR-related genes than ABMR. Isolated v+ early confers a bad prognosis and is associated with higher expression of early injury genes compared to isolated v+ late, suggesting a different ethology.

Chronological evolution of Holocene floodplain of river Raidak within the Himalayan foreland basin, India

The present study aims to investigate the evolution of river networks and floodplain geomorphological features of river Raidak within the dynamic Himalayan foreland basin regime over 65 year's timescale (1955–2020). High resolution satellite images and old maps have been used to prepare the floodplain geomorphological maps. Additionally, field verification technique has been adopted to improve the accuracy of floodplain landforms mapping. Sedimentary log analysis was conducted in order to identify the floodplain types and fluvial architectural elements in the floodplain. The nature of channel oscillation has been assessed using different parameters (channel length, channel width, sinuosity, bank line migration and erosion-accretion area). Results showed that progressive migration of meander bends and channel shifting on a recent past time-scale have resulted into many floodplain geomorphic features such as cut-offs, palaeochannel, backswamps, abandoned channel and meander scroll bar on Holocene floodplain surface. These floodplain landforms are more prominent on the middle and lower part of the floodplain. Numerical investigation showed variation in channel sinuosity of the middle and lower reach of river Raidak-I (1.85, 1.64 and 1.73 during the year 1955, 1987 and 2020 respectively) suggesting channel lengthening and shortening during different time period through mender development and cut-offs formation. Result also shows spatiotemporal variation in channel width and increasing trend of erosion-accretion area during the period 1987–2020. The sedimentary log analysis suggests non-cohesive medium energy (specific stream power varies between 10 and 300 Wm-2) floodplain of principal class B characterized with meandering and braided channel pattern, multiple sequence of Holocene sediments and existence of different floodplain landforms. Different natural processes (variable discharge, frequent floods, active tectonics, meander migration and channel shifting) and human interferences (channelization, mining activities, construction of cross-sectional structures and land use changes) have been responsible for evolution and morphological modification of Raidak river system and their floodplains.

ANALISIS DAMPAK SUPERVISI KELAS TERHADAP KUALITAS KINERJA PENDIDIK

One component that functions meaningfully in achieving educational goals is educational supervision. Education Supervision is a very meaningful job in improving the quality of education. The quality of education is closely related to the professionalism of educators in experiencing current and future educational problems. This study aims to determine the description of the principal's supervision in improving the performance of educators, supporting faktors, and inhibiting faktors in the implementation of supervision, especially in terms of 1) Implementation of Principal Class Supervision in Improving Educator Performance; 2) Results of Principal's Class Supervision in Improving Educator Performance. The method used in this study uses a qualitative method. A qualitative method as a research procedure that presents descriptive data in a few words written or spoken by people or actors that can be observed. Qualitative research is used to reveal descriptive data from information about what they do and what they experience towards the research focus.

In-vitro Evaluation of Isatin Derivatives as Potent Anti-Breast Cancer Agents against MCF-7, MDA MB 231, MDA-MB 435 and MDA-MB 468 Breast Cancers Cell Lines: A Review.

Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most frequent malignancies and the most common reasons for impermanence in women. The backbone of therapy for BC is principally chemotherapy, but its non-specific nature to differentiate between normal cells and cancer cells and severe side effects are the main barriers in its use. So, there is an intense requirement to enlarge more efficacious, more specific and safer anti-BC agents. Isatin (IST) is an endogenous molecule that is a principal class of heterocyclic compounds and exhibits a wide range of therapeutic activities which can be used as a starting material for the synthesis of several drug molecules. Many kinds of literature were reported previously on different pharmacological activities of IST derivatives and particularly on anticancer activity but this review mainly focuses on anti-BC activities of IST derivatives through MCF-7, MDA MB 231, MDA-MB 435 and MDA-MB 468 cell lines. Herein we mentioned; a total of 33 IST derivatives (compound 24- 56) which show good anti-BC activity. IST-derived compounds are also available in the market and are used for various cancer types like sunitinib for renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and Nintedanib for the cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis treatment, but when evaluated for BC, they did not prove to be much successful. This review mainly highlights anti-BC activities of various IST analogues using MCF-7, MDA MB 231, MDA-MB 435 and MDA-MB 468 cell lines, displaying the potent compound of the series and structure-activity relationships of compounds with molecular docking also. So, this study mainly shows the importance of IST as a major source for drug design and development of newer anti-BC drugs.

Valorization of a Waste Product of Edible Flowers: Volatile Characterization of Leaves

(1) Background: The leaves of some plants are reported for their culinary uses, while in edible flowers, they are one of the discarded products in the supply chain. We investigated the volatile profile (VP) and the essential oil (EO) compositions of leaves from 12 Lamiaceae species, of which nine belong to the Mentheae tribe and three to the Ocimeae tribe. (2) Methods: Phytochemical analyses were performed using a GC-MS instrument. (3) Results: More than 53% of the Ocimeae tribe VP was represented by sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (SH), followed by phenylpropanoids, except for O. × citriodorum, where oxygenated monoterpenes (OM) were the second main class. OM prevailed in six species of the Mentheae tribe except for Agastache ‘Arcado Pink’, Salvia discolor, and S. microphylla, where SH dominated. The EO composition of Ocimeae tribe showed a similar behavior to that of VP concerning the predominant classes. O. basilicum ‘Blue Spice’ (Ob-BS) was an exception, since it showed oxygenated sesquiterpenes (OS: 29.6%) as a second principal class. Sesquiterpene compounds were also present in a high amount in two species of the Salviinae subtribe (S. microphylla and S. discolor) and two of the Nepetinae subtribe (Nepeta × faasenii and A. ‘Arcado Pink’). The remaining species of the Mentheae tribe were characterized by OM. (4) Conclusions: Many of the main compounds found were reported for their importance in human health and thus are important as ingredients in several new industrial products.

Massive interstitial solid solution alloys achieve near-theoretical strength

Interstitials, e.g., C, N, and O, are attractive alloying elements as small atoms on interstitial sites create strong lattice distortions and hence substantially strengthen metals. However, brittle ceramics such as oxides and carbides usually form, instead of solid solutions, when the interstitial content exceeds a critical yet low value (e.g., 2 at.%). Here we introduce a class of massive interstitial solid solution (MISS) alloys by using a highly distorted substitutional host lattice, which enables solution of massive amounts of interstitials as an additional principal element class, without forming ceramic phases. For a TiNbZr-O-C-N MISS model system, the content of interstitial O reaches 12 at.%, with no oxides formed. The alloy reveals an ultrahigh compressive yield strength of 4.2 GPa, approaching the theoretical limit, and large deformability (65% strain) at ambient temperature, without localized shear deformation. The MISS concept thus offers a new avenue in the development of metallic materials with excellent mechanical properties.

HOTS-Based Learning Management in the Process of Improving Student Academic Quality in Inclusive Schools

HOTS-based learning management is an activity that includes the process of planning, organizing, implementing and evaluating. This study aims to describe HOTS-based learning management in improving the Academic Quality of Students. The research method used in this research is qualitative with case study method. The data collection process was carried out using observation and interview techniques conducted at SDN Sendangadi 2. Interviews were conducted with the principal and several upper class teachers (grades 4, 5 and 6) and observations were made by observing the learning carried out by classroom teachers. The results of this study indicate that the achievement of HOTS-based learning management is successful with the support of many parties, including: teachers, students, principals and the learning environment.

HOTS-Based Learning Management in the Process of Improving Student Academic Quality in Inclusive Schools

HOTS-based learning management is an activity that includes the process of planning, organizing, implementing and evaluating. This study aims to describe HOTS-based learning management in improving the Academic Quality of Students. The research method used in this research is qualitative with case study method. The data collection process was carried out using observation and interview techniques conducted at SDN Sendangadi 2. Interviews were conducted with the principal and several upper class teachers (grades 4, 5 and 6) and observations were made by observing the learning carried out by classroom teachers. The results of this study indicate that the achievement of HOTS-based learning management is successful with the support of many parties, including: teachers, students, principals and the learning environment.

Development and validation of LAMP primer sets for rapid identification of Aspergillus fumigatus carrying the cyp51A TR46 azole resistance gene

Infections due to triazole-resistant Aspergillus fumigatus are increasingly reported worldwide and are associated with treatment failure and mortality. The principal class of azole-resistant isolates is characterized by tandem repeats of 34 bp or 46 bp within the promoter region of the cyp51A gene. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) is a widely used nucleic acid amplification system that is fast and specific. Here we describe a LAMP assay method to detect the 46 bp tandem repeat insertion in the cyp51A gene promoter region based on novel LAMP primer sets. It also differentiated strains with TR46 tandem repeats from those with TR34 tandem repeats. These results showed this TR46-LAMP method is specific, rapid, and provides crucial insights to develop novel antifungal therapeutic strategies against severe fungal infections due to A. fumigatus with TR46 tandem repeats.

A review of power system protection and asset management with machine learning techniques

Power system protection and asset management have drawn the attention of researchers for several decades; but they still suffer from unresolved and challenging technical issues. The situation has been recently exacerbated in the wake of the ever-changing landscape of power systems driven by the growing uncertainty and volatility subsequent to the vast renewable energy integration, more frequent natural extreme events due to climate changes, increasing malicious cyberattacks, and more constrained transmission systems as the result of load growth and limited investments. On the opposite side, the proliferation of advanced measuring devices such as phasor measurement units, emerging electric and non-electric sensors, and Internet of Thing (IoT)-enabled data gathering platforms continually expand/nourish the databases; they hence offer unprecedented opportunities to take the advantage of data-driven techniques. Machine learning (ML) as a principal class of artificial intelligence is the perfect match solution to this need and has newly revoked many researchers’ interests to tackle the problems excluding their exact/detailed models. This paper aims to provide an overview on applications of ML techniques in power system protection and asset management. This paper elaborates on issues pertaining to (1) synchronous generators, (2) power transformers, (3) transmission lines, and (4) special and system-integrity protection schemes. In addition to the opportunities offered by the ML techniques, this paper discourses on the barriers and challenges to the wide-spread application of ML techniques in real-world practices.

Detection of Ciguatoxins from Fish Introduced into a Wholesale Market in Japan

Ciguatera fish poisoning (CFP), one of the most frequently occurring seafood poisonings due to marine finfish consumption, mainly affects the tropical and subtropical Indo-Pacific region and the Caribbean Sea. The principal class of toxins, ciguatoxins (CTXs) from the Pacific, includes more than 20 derivatives and are classified into two groups, CTX1B and CTX3C congeners, based on their skeletal structures. As part of risk management of CFP by the Japanese government, the import of certain species of fish into Japan is prohibited. Additionally, local governments recommend rejecting certain fish species caught in Japan. In this study, we used LC-MS/MS to analyze CTXs from 18 fish specimens belonging to 7 species that had been brought to a wholesale market but were disapproved for sale because of their potential danger of CFP. CTXs were detected in four specimens of Lutjanus bohar and one specimen of Variola louti. It was estimated that the two most poisonous specimens (no. 5: 0.348 μg/kg, no. 8: 0.362 μg/kg) had a toxicity of 0.05 MU/g. Consumption of 200 g of flesh from these fish could cause CFP. Thus, the guidance of the local government to disallow the sale of these fish species in the market contributed to the prevention of CFP.Only CTX1B congeners were detected in L. bohar (specimen no. 5), which had no record of the area where it captured from. It is presumed that the origin of specimen no. 5 was the same as that of the Okinawan L. bohar because the CTX compositions were similar. In two specimens (nos. 6 and 8) from Wakayama, both CTX1B and CTX3C congeners were detected. This is the first report to reveal the CTX profile in fish collected off the Honshu island in Japan.

Enhancement of classification techniques using principal component analysis and class imbalance handling methods in credit card defaulter detection

Enhancement of classification techniques using principal component analysis and class imbalance handling methods in credit card defaulter detection

Enhancement of classification techniques using principal component analysis and class imbalance handling methods in credit card defaulter detection

The following research reveals the significance of modified classification in estimating new trends. Rigorous evaluation of different classification algorithms viz. logistic regression, decision tr...

Childhood obesity and its relation with dietary habits among children in Aseer region, Southern Saudi Arabia.

Background:The rate of obesity in children is rising and it has become a growing epidemic worldwide; Childhood obesity is related to the high risk of obesity later in adult life. In the last 30 years the prevalence childhood obesity more than tripled. Overweight in paediatric population is suggested to be related to many cardio-metabolic risk factors such as metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, insulin resistance. Metabolic syndrome and dyslipidaemia and 70% obese children had first cardiovascular disease risk factor and 30% had second or more.Aim:To estimate the prevalence and correlates of obesity among children in Aseer region.Methodology:A descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted in the schools of Abha and Khamis Mushayet Cities; Aseer region during the period from January to December 2019. The respondents were any of the parents of the child. After having permission from the school authority, self-administered questionnaires were distributed to a total of 300 children, with explanations about the questionnaire by the principal investigator and class teacher.Results:The study included 300 students with ages that ranged from 1 year up to 17 years and mean age was 8.6 years old. Exact of 55.3% of the students were males and 32% were at preschool age while 43.7% were at the primary level of education. Students' body mass index (BMI) distribution demonstrated that more than half of the children had overweight or obesity and 16.7% were with underweight. There was a significant relation between obesity among the children and some of their dietary habits including sweets, chocolate and fast food.Conclusions and Recommendations:In conclusion, the study revealed that nearly one-third of the children in the study group were overweight or obese with obesity more prevalent. Obesity was more recorded among old-aged children who frequently had unhealthy food. Improving the children lifestyle and dietary habits is mandatory to work against weight gain.

Nanoluciferase-Based Complementation Assay to Detect GPCR-G Protein Interaction.

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) are one of the principal class of membrane proteins and around 30% of the currently marketed drugs act on one of them. The efficacious detection of ligands with the desired pharmacological profile remains a challenge of paramount importance in the GPCR drug discovery and pharmacological research. Recent evidences demonstrate that GPCR ligands can stabilize distinct receptor conformation and trigger various signaling pathways with different efficacies and/or potencies. This phenomenon called functional selectivity or biased signaling may lead to improved drugs with fewer side effects. Most receptors are promiscuous and can couple to more than one G protein family. To enable the discovery of biased ligands able to selectively trigger one G protein pathway over another, simple and efficient screening procedures are needed. The traditional assays aiming at detecting G protein activation monitor the generation of second messengers ([Ca2+]i, cAMP, IP1) or active G proteins (with GTP-g-S for instance). While these approaches have proven sensitive and robust, they are not suited for the detection of a single GPCR-G protein interaction. Here, we present in detail a method to assess directly the interaction between the receptor and the G protein. It permits the profiling of a receptor or a ligand toward G protein interactions and is compatible with high-throughput screening.

Machine learning for protection of distribution networks and power electronics-interfaced systems

Distribution network protection is becoming more sophisticated in the wake of ever-changing landscape of power systems driven by the vast renewable energy integration mostly sited behind the meters, growing uncertainty and volatility subsequent to smart demand response and renewable energy integrations, further fusion of power electronics-interfaced equipments, and more constrained distribution branches as the result of load growth and limited investments. In the opposite side, the massive deployment of smart meters, proliferation of advanced measuring devices such as phasor measurement units, emerging electric and not-electric sensors, and IoT-enabled data gathering platforms continually expand/nourish the databases; they hence offer unprecedented opportunities to take the advantage of data-driven techniques. Machine learning (ML) as a principal class of artificial intelligence is the perfect match solution to this need and has newly revoked many researchers’ interests to tackle the problems excluding their exact/detailed models. This paper discusses applications of ML techniques in protection and dynamic security assurance of active distribution network, microgrids, and power electronics-based systems.

Characterization of the circulating and tissue-specific alterations to the lipidome in response to moderate and major cold stress in mice.

This study analyzed the effects of 24 h of cold stress (22°C or 5°C vs. mice maintained at 30 °C) on the plasma, brown adipose tissue (BAT), subcutaneous (SubQ) and epididymal (Epi) white adipose tissue (WAT), liver, and skeletal muscle lipidome of mice. Using mass spectrometry-lipidomics, 624 lipid species were detected, of which 239 were significantly altered in plasma, 134 in BAT, and 51 in the liver. In plasma, acylcarnitines and free fatty acids were markedly increased at 5°C. Plasma triacylglycerols (TGs) were reduced at 22°C and 5°C. We also identified ether lipids as a novel, cold-induced lipid class. In BAT, TGs were the principal lipid class affected by cold stress, being significantly reduced at both 22°C and 5°C. Interestingly, although BAT TG species were uniformly affected at 5°C, at 22°C we observed species-dependent effects, with TGs containing longer and more unsaturated fatty acids particularly sensitive to the effects of cold. In the liver, TGs were the most markedly affected lipid class, increasing in abundance at 5 °C. TGs containing longer and more unsaturated fatty acids accumulated to a greater degree. Our work demonstrates the following: 1) acute exposure to moderate (22°C) cold stress alters the plasma and BAT lipidome; although this effect is markedly less pronounced than at 5°C. 2) Cold stress at 5°C dramatically alters the plasma lipidome, with ether lipids identified as a novel lipid class altered by cold exposure. 3) Cold-induced alterations in liver and BAT TG levels are not uniform, with changes being influenced by acyl chain composition.