Primi Mothers Research Articles

Is Really Birth Ball Sitting Effective on Labour Outcomes Among Prim Mothers?

Birthing ball exercises are one of the non-pharmacological methods for speeding the start of labour. Exercises with birth balls have the potential to reduce discomfort by relaxing muscles and improving blood flow to the uterus. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of birth ball use on labour outcomes among primi mothers at a selected hospital in Salem. A quantitative research approach with a quasi-experimental post-test control group design was used. The sample size was 60; each 30 in the experimental group and control group were selected by using the non-probability purposive sampling technique. Written consent was obtained from the samples. A modified partograph was used to assess the labour outcomes. Both birth balls utilised in this study were found to affect labour outcomes. There were statistically positive correlations between the birth ball exercise effects on the progress of labour in terms of decreasing labour pain (z = 4.910 at p level of P<0.001), the highest effect on cervical dilatation (z =2.856 at p level of P<0.001), promoting normal modes of delivery (z = 4.538 at p level of P<0.001), and reducing the perineal tear (z = 3.693 at p level of P<0.001) in the experimental group group, while the control group showed less progress with highly statistically significant differences. Moreover, the control group expressed a higher pain score and perineal tear. This study revealed that the birth ball sitting helps to reduce the indensity of labour pain, promote cervical dilatation, and promote normal delivery.

A Comparative Study to Assess the Knowledge and Health Seeking behavior regarding Danger Signs in Newborns among Primi mothers in a selected Urban and Rural Area of Bhilai, (C.G)

This study was conducted with the objectives to assess the knowledge and health seeking behaviors regarding danger signs in newborns among primi mothers in urban and rural areas and to compare the knowledge and health seeking behaviors regarding danger signs in newborns among primi mothers in urban and rural areas And also to correlate knowledge and health seeking behaviors regarding danger signs in newborns among primi mothers in urban and rural areas and to prepare a booklet regarding danger sign in identification and management of newborn danger signs for mothers. Keeping in view the objective of the study the research design selected for the present study is comparative research design to assess the knowledge and health seeking behaviors regarding danger signs in newborns. The sample size is, 100 primi mothers, 50 each from urban and rural areas. A purposive sampling technique was used to assess the knowledge of primi mothers regarding newborn danger signs. Overall analysis shows that in urban area majority 90% had good knowledge, 10% had average knowledge and none of them had poor knowledge. In rural area majority of mothers i.e., 96% had poor knowledge, 4% had average knowledge and none of them had good knowledge. and also there is significant difference between health seeking behaviours of mothers in urban and rural areas regarding danger signs in newborn. In urban area mean, mean score %, SD, CV of knowledge is 170.56, 87.02, 7.6, and 4.4 respectively. Whereas mean, mean score %, SD, CV of health seeking behavior is 55.96, 93.2, 4.9 and 8.7 respectively. In rural area mean, mean score%, SD, CV of knowledge is 107.96, 62.6, 6.3 and 5.8 respectively. Whereas mean, mean score %, SD, CV of health seeking behavior is 15.34, 55.5, 3.05 and 19.8 respectively. Findings shows that there is significant difference between the level of knowledge as well as health seeking behaviour in urban and rural area regarding danger signs in newborn among primi mothers.

A Comparative Study of Women’s Preference of Vaginal Delivery & Cesarean Delivery among Primi Mother who are Attending Antenatal OPD in Murshidabad Medical College & Hospital, Murshidabad

Caesarean section is already quite common in developed country but it has gradually become common in developing country also. In terms of developing countries in India the caesarean section rates havecrossed10-15% (Recommended by WHO) which cause a severe public health concern. Even though caesarean section causes many complications &it's expensive, needed extra resources and observations, still the rate has increased from around7%(in1991) to 21% (in2021) &it is more likely that it may goes up to 29% within just few more years.  Objectives- To assess the preferences and existing knowledge of vaginal delivery &caesarean section among primipara mothers.  Methodology- A Non-experimental quantitative study with cross- sectional research design includes 100 primigravida mother through convenient sampling who has attended OPD clinic of Murshidabad Medical College & Hospital, West Bengal.  Results- The study results shows that majority of participants (82%) preferred vaginal delivery. But the preference of caesarean section is higher in primigravida between age group18-22years comparative to older primigravida and also the primigravida from urban community has preferred caesarean section(66.6%) over normal vaginal delivery. Those who preferred Caesarean section were influenced by fear of pain during the labour (18%) and14%feltit was safe for the baby.  Conclusion- Young generation and urban community are more interested in caesarean section due to fear of pain and injury to baby. Especially commercial private practices also provoke the normal people for the caesarean section by creating doubts and misleading them. Government and women need to develop a positive attitude towards the normal vaginal delivery and measures have to be undertaken to create awareness towards safe mode of delivery.

Knowledge and Attitude on Initiation and Establishment of Breast Feeding Among Primi Mothers

Introduction: The best nourishment for an infant's growth and development is human milk. Breastfeeding lowers infant mortality and morbidity, especially from infections like pneumonia, neonatal sepsis, and diarrhoea. First-time mothers, play a crucial role in nurturing their newborns, and knowledge about breastfeeding is paramount for several reasons. Every primi gravida mothers should know about breast feeding for the well being of their babies. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate primi mothers' knowledge and attitudes regarding the initiation and establishment of breastfeeding.  Methods: In this study, a survey approach & descriptive correlational research design was used. Using purposive sampling technique, 100 primi mothers who were between 34-38 weeks of gestation were selected in a tertiary care center, Chennai. Pre tested tools such as background variable proforma, structured questionnaire to assess the knowledge and modified Iowa Infant feeding scale to assess the attitude on breast feeding were used to collect the data.  Results: The study findings revealed that majority of the mothers were in the category of needs improvement (76%). Majority of the mothers had positive attitude towards initiation and establishment of breast feeding (85%).

A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Computer Assisted Teaching Programme on Knowledge Regarding Antenatal Exercises among Primi Mothers at Primary Health Center Tambaram

A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Computer Assisted Teaching Programme on Knowledge Regarding Antenatal Exercises among Primi Mothers at Primary Health Center Tambaram

A comparative study to assess utilization, awareness and perception on importance of mobile based application on pregnancy, birth and new-born care among rural and urban primi gravida mothers of Bellary district

Background: Pregnancy applications are more prevalent than other fitness and health applications. They also utilize immediate connection to seek expert advice and comfort. Recently, apps have emerged as a fresh method for delivering prenatal information that is easily available at the press of a button, for little to no money, at any time, and anywhere. Method: A total of 50 rural and urban primi gravida mothers were included in the study. Utilization statements and knowledge questionnaire and opinionnaire-Likert scale on perception was used to collect data from sample. Results: The majority of primi gravida mothers in rural areas, 15 (60%) expressed neutrality, 10 (40%) expressed dissatisfaction, in contrast, majority of primi gravida mothers in urban areas, 22, (88.0%) expressed neutrality, 3 (12.0%) expressed satisfaction. Majority of urban primi gravida mothers (20) had average knowledge and the remaining 5 (20%) had bad knowledge, the majority of 24 (96.0%) had poor knowledge and 1 (4%) had average knowledge, in contrast, the majority of rural primi mothers 20 out of 20 had unfavorable perceptions, with 60 (24%) having somewhat positive perceptions and the majority of 19 (76.0%) having unfavorable perceptions. Conclusions: The results showed the urban primi gravida mothers were greatly utilizing mobile based application for maternal and foetal outcome, and rural mothers are not aware of mobile based application for maternal and health services and need to teach on mobile based application so that they utilize all governmental services and schemes.

A Study to Evaluate the Effectiveness of Prone Position on Afterpains and Involution of Uterus among Primi Mothers Delivered in Shri Vinoba Bhave Civil Hospital, Silvassa

All postnatal mothers experience pain in some form or the another. Crampy pain in the abdomen known as afterpains is a determinant of the uterine involution which is a more evident clinically in the first four days of the postpartum period. And uterine involution is a natural process that involves your pregnant uterus returning to its pre- pregnancy state. The process begins after you deliver your baby and placenta and takes about six weeks to complete. AIMS: The main aim of the study was to assess the effectiveness of prone position on afterpains and involution of uterus among primi postnatal mothers. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A Quasi-experimental time series non- equivalent control group design was adopted for the study. 100 primi postnatal mothers were selected by using non-probability convenient sampling technique. RESULTS: The result shows that obtained data of effectiveness of prone position on afterpains and involution of uterus are significant at the level of P< 0.05 as there is significant difference between the control group and Experimental group scores. So both the research hypothesis H1 and H2 are accepted for association of after pain with educational status and place of living and is rejected in all other variables. CONCLUSION: It was concluded that the prone position was effective on afterpains and involution of uterus among primi postnatal mothers in experimental group.

Sequence of Events Which Led to Significant Hypoxemia in a Patient with Marfanoid Features Undergoing Elective Cesarean Section Under General Anaesthesia: A Case Report

The airway and respiratory system abnormalities seen in Marfan syndrome pose a significant challenge to the anaesthetist. Here, we discuss the chain of events that occurred during the induction of a primi mother, with Marfanoid features complicated with low platelet count and anaemia due to bone marrow hypoplasia. We then discuss the concerns of Marfan Syndrome and its features concerning anaesthetic management.

Factors Leading to Newborn's Admission to Neonatal Intensive Care Unit & Their Outcome

Background: The neonatal phase, which is the first 28 days of an infant’s life, is a vulnerable period due to many reversible severe illnesses. Nearly 3.5 million babies in India are born too early, 1.7 million babies are born with birth defects, and one million new-borns are discharged each year from Special New-born Care Units. These new-borns remain at high risk of death, stunting and developmental delay. Objectives: This study was aimed to assess factors leading to admission of newborns to Neonatal Intensive care Unit, their outcome and predictors for neonatal mortality. Methods: Quantitative- retrospective survey method was adopted for the study. The data was retrieved from the records of 440 babies admitted at Shree Sardar Smarak Hospital, Bardoli from 1st February, 2022 to 31st January, 2023. Results: The majority 260(59.1%) of babies admitted were delivered by primi mothers, 406(92.3%) were term at the time of delivery, 218 (49.5%) were delivered through normal vaginal delivery & 234(53.2%) babies were male. LBW (20%) which ranged from 900 gm to 2200 gm was the most common and tachypnea (0.5%) was the least common reason for admission. Concerning to neonatal outcome, majority 426 (96.81%) babies survived and 14 (3.18%) were not able to survive. The crude odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval (CI) and p-value <0.05, showed that age of mother, parity, gestational age at the time of delivery and mode of delivery were significantly related with neonatal survival status. Conclusion: Understanding the reasons for admission to NICU and predictors for neonatal mortality is significant for planning health services, improving the quality of care and reducing neonatal mortality rate. Keywords: Factors leading, NICU admission, neonatal outcome, predictors

Breast-feeding: A Dual Perspective from a Primi Mother and Paediatrician

In this deeply personal narrative, I share my journey as both a primi mother and a pediatrician, offering a dual perspective on the intricate world of breastfeeding. This exploration intertwines my own lived experiences with the professional insights I’ve gained through years of medical practice.

Acceptability and effect of ShishuPoshan mHealth application on knowledge, attitudes and practice of breastfeeding among primi mothers availing postnatal care at a rural tertiary hospital.

ShishuPoshan is a free Android application for mothers that provides scientific guidance on breastfeeding and baby care issues in the local language. We aimed to assess its effect and acceptability in primi mothers in a rural area of Maharashtra, India. A before and after study was conducted in 50 primi mothers to study the acceptability and effect of ShishuPoshan mHealth application on knowledge, attitude and practice about breastfeeding in primi mothers in a rural tertiary care hospital. Most participants (84%) downloaded the application, and 60% used it regularly. Major reason for not using the app was discomfort with mobile phone (7%) and not having anyone to read the content in the house (7%). The application was easy to use by 48%, and 10% did not find time to use it. Enablers were regional language, easy-to-understand content, simple interface, and frequently asked question (FAQ) format to give information. Barriers to adoption were that women preferred tips from family members, were uncomfortable with mobile phones, and did not have anyone to help them use them. It successfully delivered key messages like exclusive breastfeeding, colostrum use, proper maternal nutrition, and demand to feed, but it needs to further emphasise early initiation of feeding. Incorporation of feedback like adding videos, myth busters, and making app more interactive may further improve its effectiveness. mHealth interventions like ShishuPoshan are promising modalities for the dissemination of appropriate information.

Effectiveness of Non-Pharmacological Strategy on Labor Pain Reduction Among Parturition Primi Mothers at Pudukkottai

“There is a secret in our culture, and it’s not that birth is painful. It’s that women are strong." Childbirth is a natural process that occurs when the woman gives birth to a child. Childbirth can be a challenging experience for many, both physically and emotionally. Pain management techniques such as breathing exercises, relaxation techniques, and medication can help alleviate discomfort during labor. Some mothers, during labor, experience a severe amount of pain that can be controlled by medication. The research aims to identify the efficacy of circular hip massage in limiting labor pain. Design of the Study: The experimental (post-test only control group) study design was used. The study was done for around one week. Problem Statement: An accurate experimental study to evaluate the efficacy of a non-pharmacological approach to the limitation of labor pain during the early stage of labor among parturient first Gravida mothers admitted in selected hospitals at Pudukkottai. Study Sample: A non-probability (convenient sampling) sample of around 60 primi participants (30 of them in the experimental & 30 of them in the control group) mothers were included in the study. Study Setting: The study was conducted at Illuppur government hospital (experimental) & Annavasal government hospital (control). Results: Study results present that in the post-test for the control group, 66.67% of the majority experienced severe pain, and about 33.33% experienced moderate pain, whereas, in the experimental group, 56.67% of the majority experienced mild pain and about 43.33% experienced moderate pain.

A study to assess the effectiveness of self Instructional module (SIM) knowledge and Practice regarding neonate infection among of Primi mothers in a selected rural area in Jaipur

A study to assess the effectiveness of self Instructional module (SIM) knowledge and Practice regarding neonate infection among of Primi mothers in a selected rural area in Jaipur

Relationship of Postpartum Sleep Quality and Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy among Primi Mothers in Postpartum Unit in Selected Hospital, West Bengal

Relationship of Postpartum Sleep Quality and Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy among Primi Mothers in Postpartum Unit in Selected Hospital, West Bengal

Utilization of Postnatal Care Services among Mothers Residing in Morang District, Nepal

Introduction: Post-natal care is regarded as the care provided to the mother and the baby during first six weeks of childbirth. Large proportion of maternal and neonatal deaths occur during postnatal period. The utilization of postnatal care services helps in preventing maternal and neonatal deaths. The study aim to find out the utilization of postnatal care services among postnatal mothers residing in Morang district, Nepal.Methods: A Cross sectional study was undertaken among 256 postnatal mothers residing in Kanepokhari rural municipality, Belbari and Sundarharaincha municipality of Morang district. Multi stage sampling method was used. Ethical approval was obtained from PUSHS- Institutional review committee (Ref no 041—078/079). Face to face interview was done using self developed semi structure questionnaire to collect the data. Descriptive statistics were performed and chi –square was done. Multivariable logistic regression was doneResults: Nearly half (47.3%) had utilized the postnatal care services. Very few (6.6%) of the respondents were aware about the importance about the PNC utilization. Most (85.2%) of the respondents were unaware about the government protocol of PNC visit. Educational level, duration of stay at hospital parity, danger sign seen in pregnancy, place of delivery and mode of delivery were associated with having utilization of postnatal services. The primi mothers (95% CI: 1.229-0.403) had higher likelihood of having postnatal care utilization.Conclusions: Nearly half postnatal mothers have utilized the postnatal care services. Awareness programme focusing on government protocol for postnatal services should be done to improve the utilization.

A CASE SERIES ON VARIED CLINICAL PRESENTATION IN LEIGHS SYNDROME IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL

Background:Leigh syndrome (LS) is a hereditary neurometabolic disease, also known as subacute necrotizing encephalomyelopathy, and was described by the British neuropathologist and psychiatrist Denis Leigh in 1951. It is a neurodegenerative disease with variable symptoms that occurs due to a mitochondrial dysfunction caused by a hereditary genetic defect, associated with bilateral central nervous system lesions. Although it is a rare disease, with an approximate incidence of 1: 40,000 live births, it is the most frequent mitochondrial disease in the first year of life. Clinical Scenario: Case 1 Baby Nikshitha, a 6-and-a-half-month old female child born to a multigravida mother in a non-consanguineous marriage with previous 2 abortions and 1 intrauterine death. The baby was born through LSCS (oligohydramnios) and cried immediately at birth with a weight of 2.5kgs with uneventful antenatal periods.Excessive Vomiting x 1 month, increased over 5 days, Inability to gain weight over the past 3 months, Abnormal Posturing - 2 days prior to admission Mri Brain: Symmetric areas of altered intensity in bilateral caudate nucleus relatively sparing Globus pallidi showing diffusion restriction. Clinical Scenario: Case 2 Baby of suhasini, a 3 months old female child born to a primi mother in a non-consanguineous marriage with previous 1 sibling death. The baby was born through NVD and cried immediately at birth with a weight of 2.5kgs with uneventful antenatal periods.Child presented to the hospital at 3months of life with the chief complaints of - FEVER x 4 days, Noisy breathing since 4 days, Abnormal Posturing – since yesterday nightInitial Septic workup to rule out meningitis – NORMAL. ABG done in view of failure to thrive with recurrent vomiting – Metabolic Acidosis.Mri Brain: Symmetric areas of altered intensity in bilateral caudate nucleus relatively sparing Globus pallidi showing diffusion restriction. No blooming to suggest haemorrhage or calcification. Myelination is consistent with age Clinical Scenario: Case 3 Shobhakumari, 2Y old female child born to a multigravida mother in a non-consanguineous marriage with h/o sibling death at 5 years of age (leighs disease). The baby was born through NVD and cried immediately at birth with a weight of 2.5kgs with uneventful antenatal periods.Child presented to the hospital at 2 years with the chief complaints of - Excessive Vomiting since 6daysInability to gain weight over the past 3 months MRI brain :T2/Flair hyperintense signal with restricted diffusion in deep grey matter of b/l cerebellar hemisphere and periaqueductal grey matter of midbrain caudate nucleus and putamen Clinical Scenario: Case 4 B/o Afreen 4 year male born to a primi mother through normal vaginal delivery in a non-consanguineousmarriage with birth weight of 2.7 kg . Child presented to a hospital with History of regression of milestones and rhythmic repetitive movement of upper limb since 15 months of age. Serum lactate was high and MRI brain showed symmetrical B/l T2/FLAIR caudate and putamen nucleus hyperintensity with restriction on DW1 images Discussion:Several studies showed significant heterogeneity in the clinical findings of Leigh syndrome. Sofou K et al., revealed in a study that 69% of the cases presented before 2 years of age, while three patients presented with ataxia or seizures at 8,10 and 21 years of age. Conclusion:The diagnosis of Leighs disease should be considered in appropriate clinical and laboratory settings whenever symmetrical hypo densities are encountered in the putamen and midbrain on.

A Study to Assess the Effectiveness Structure Teaching Programme on Care of Neonate among Primi Mothers Residing at Urban Level in Selected State of Maharashtra

The early neonatal period (birth to 7 days) is critical phase in the live of newborn baby. Major changes occur during this period of life which determines the well being of the newborn. Mother has an important role to play in the life of her child. The primary causes of neonatal mortality are complications of prematurity, birth asphyxia, birth injury, neonatal tetanus, congenital anomalies, and diarrhea with low birth weight contributing to a large proportion of deaths. Most of these newborns die at home while being cared by mothers, relatives and traditional birth attendant. Nearly 50% of all infant deaths occur during the neonatal period, half of these deaths occur in the first 7 days of life. Due to pre maturity neonatal tetanus, birth asphyxia, and infections which can be prevented by proper and timely care of new born. Therefore, all newborns get home based newborn care as per the perception and socio-cultural behavior of the society. However, it has been observed by various studies on the newborn care in the communities that the knowledge and the practices of simple care e.g. prevention of hypothermia, feeding of colostrum and exclusive breastfeeding, are lacking.

A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Lamaze Method in terms of Labour Pain Perception, Anxiety and Progress of Labour among Primi Mothers in active first stage of Labour

Background: Natural childbirth is a beautiful experience. Women dream of the perfect birth with less pain. But severe pain is a phenomenon embedded in the very nature of human existence. Though experiencing pain during labour is a universal feature of childbirth, the degree of pain perception can be reduced using many simple, effective, low cost non-pharmacological methods which also helps in improving labour progress and patient satisfaction. The concept of painless child birth gave rise to many scientific discoveries and research findings. Among that Lamaze method is one, which prepares mother for child birth and to tackle Labour pain. Objective: The objective of this study are to evaluate the effectiveness of Lamaze method in terms of pain perception, anxiety and progress of labour among primi mothers in first stage of labour admitted at Christian fellowship Hospital, Oddanchatram. Method: The research design used for the study was quasi experimental nonequivalent control group posttest only design. The sample size was 60 samples. Out of which 30 were in experimental group and 30 were in control group. The Samples were selected by using Non probability purposive sampling technique. Primi mothers at their term was selected and was given antenatal teaching on “Normal labor process and non-pharmacological labour pain management” in antenatal OPD for about 30 minutes. The same primi mothers who attended teaching were selected for experimental group during their labour period. During the first hour of active first stage of labour Lamaze intervention of visual stimuli was provided by showing natural sceneries during each contraction for the second hour auditory stimuli was provided by making the mother to listen to light music by using ear phone. During the 3rd hour of active first stage of labour abdominal effleurage stroke was done during each painful contractions. Followed by that hot water bag application on the sacral region was provided and was continued till delivery. Primi gravid mothers who did not undergo Lamaze teaching and interventions were selected for control group. Posttest was done on both experimental and control group after four hours of active stage of labor to assess the level of labor pain perception, the level of anxiety and progress of labor by using Universal pain assessment scale, modified Max Hamilton anxiety rating scale and Labor progress assessment scale. The level of satisfaction on Lamaze method among experimental group was assessed by using Likert scale on satisfaction of Lamaze method. Total time taken to perform posttest in both groups was 30 minutes. The gathered data were analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: Results: Independent “t” value for level of pain perception was 16.08(table value=2.001) which was significant at P<0.05 level. The independent “t” value for level of anxiety was 5.08(table value=2.001) which was significant at P<0.05 level. The independent “t” value for progress of labour was 9.86 (table value=2.001) which was significant at P<0.05 level. Regarding the level of satisfaction on Lamaze method of experimental group all 30(100%) primi mothers were adequately satisfied. There was no significant association existing between pain perception, anxiety and progress of labour with demographic variables such as age, education, occupation, monthly income and residence except for pain perception and demographic variables such as religion (χ2 = 45.44) and family type (χ2 = 4.33) among experimental group. The study findings revealed that Lamaze method was effective in reducing labor pain perception, anxiety and promote labour progress among primi mothers in active first stage of labour.

A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Perineal Massage on Labour Outcome among Primi mothers at selected Hospital, Erode

Background: Child birth is a painful and stressful event in a woman's life. Pregnant women commonly worry about pain during labour and birth. Labour pain is considered as one of the most intense forms of pain. Psychological challenge such as anxiety can contribute towards women’s perception of pain and may also affect their labor and birth experience. There are modern many non-invasive methods to relieve pain during childbirth. Among these methods is aromatherapy which is the most popular complementary therapy during child birth. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the effect of aromatherapy massage using lavender oil on the level of pain and anxiety during labor among primi gravida women. Objective: To determine the effectiveness of perineal massage on labour outcome among primigravida mothers in both the groups. Design: The research design selected for the present study was true experimental design where posttests only with control group design. Setting: The study was conducted in private maternity hospital, Erode district. Sample: The sample consisted of 30 (15 control and 15 experimental group) primi mothers attending antenatal OPD in private maternity Hospital, Erode District, were selected by simple random technique. Data collection procedure: The data were collected for 4 weeks in the month of June 2021.From both group the personal data were collected and to the experimental group external perineal massage was taught to the primi mother by demonstration. Post test was conducted for both control and experimental group with maternal outcomes observational rating scale while mother was admitted in labour ward with pain and assessed labour outcome. Results: The findings revealed that after the perineal massage the ongoing assessment tool to evaluate maternal outcome was fair and more effective during labour among the primi mothers in experimental group. In both control and experimental group there was no significant association between maternal outcome and demographic variables such as age, education, occupation, income per month, type of family, living area and previous source of information. Conclusion: The perineal massage was more effective in improving maternal outcome during labour among the primi mothers in experimental group.

EFFECTIVENESS OF MIDWIFE LED EDUCATIONAL INTERVENTION ON SKILL REGARDING ANTENATAL EXERCISES AND DIET COUNSELLING AMONG PRIMI MOTHERS IN A SELECTED RURAL AREA AT TIRUNELVELI DISTRICT

Pregnancy is one of the most profound times in a woman’s life. It is marked by a variety of physical changes,as well as by thoughts and feelings that sometimes overwhelm the mother-to-be. Though pregnancy is generally a time of joy and well-being, complications can occur that cloud the experience and put the patient and her unborn child at risk. When primi mothers gain information about the antenatal exercises and diet, they become more able to understand of how to deal with the pregnancy and it will be easy for them to take care themselves. A true experimental research design of pre and posttest with control group was adopted for the present study. Researcher developed the tool and midwife led educational intervention.