Primary Reference Source Research Articles

“Venha Teu Reino!”

Taking Luther's Larger Catechisms as the primary source and point of reference, the article aims to find elements of what we might call “Lutheran theology of mission” in the Reformer's own texts. In light of Luther's well-known finding by researchers, that interpretation of Luther's second petition of the Lord's Prayer, especially in the Large Catechism, may serve as an important reference for understanding what Luther understands by what we today call mission, the study aims to interpret the details of the Lord's second petition. In conclusion, the article systematizes the emphases found in Luther, aiming to offer connections to contemporary missiological discussions.

Sol-gel synthesis of LaFeO3 perovskite oxide for distinct ridges detection of level II and III latent fingerprints

Latent fingerprints are considered a primary source of best reference for personal identification in criminal investigations. However, poor resolution, less background hindrance, and sensitivity over fingerprint ridges are often problems in fingerprint development. To address these issues, special care is required by developing new fluorescence materials. As a result, this effort was made to synthesize lanthanum ferrite (LaFeO3) fluorescent nano perovskite oxide by the sol–gel method using glycine as fuel, to detect three (I, II, and III) levels of fingerprints. In addition, the absorption spectrum was recorded in a dispersed medium, and dual peaks at 329 and 406 nm in visible regions were obtained, followed by the photoluminescence spectra that showed a broad peak at 527 nm with chromaticity coordinates. Powder X-ray diffraction confirms the synthesized LaFeO3 orthorhombic phase with a crystallite size of 54 nm, and the morphology of LaFeO3 was found to be highly monodisperse. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirmed that La has + 3 with Fe + 3 oxidation states, and Infrared spectroscopic techniques revealed all functional groups were present uniformly. The powder dusting method was applied on various porous and non-porous surfaces, revealing distinct ridges of fingerprints without background hindrance and with precise sensitivity; this proves LaFeO3 is suitable for forensic science.

Procedure e metodologie per la conoscenza e il disegno delle architetture della città

The experience in comparative reading the architectural components as of their role in urban interrelationships provides the opportunity to promote some reflections and exemplifications on the relevance of history as a primary reference source along any path of urban growth and architectural evolution; on the meaning of the critical evaluation of the epoch and time progression in the juxtaposition of urban segments; last but not least, on identifying, thanks to the comparative tool of the ‘cross’ reading, and measuring the capability of the city’s structures to know how to develop and actively encompass the stratification that the historical process imposes to dignify and valorise the contemporary city. On the shared assumption that every survey activity is indeed an act involving measurement, geometric reference, structural and technological analysis, historical documentation, and is, above all, an interpretative reading task that seeks to provide a critical and cognitive evalu- ation of the examined architecture, it is fair to state that its primary purpose is to render the architectural qualities of the relevant elements, whether they are analysed as per their individ- uality or as part of the whole organism. By its very nature, the survey activity is committed to translating the continuum of reality into a system of features, traces, and signs, i.e., encoding elements of a linguistic code that is widely shareable and, therefore, transmissible. The tran- sition from the complexity of reality, from the continuum of architectural matter to the com- plexity of drawing sign structure, a challenging operation involving the discretisation of reality and its figurative rearrangement, inevitably implies an interpretative gestation concerning the surveyed object.

PROBLEMATIKA NASKAH SEJARAH DI DUNIA MELAYU: ANTARA MITOS DAN REALITA (STUDI KASUS HIKAYAT RAJA PASAI)

One of the challenges that historians and philologists face is analyzing historical texts, especially traditional historiographic works like 'babad' and 'hikayat,' which may have been added to or subtracted from in various aspects. Such manuscripts cannot be considered the primary reference source for constructing a chronological history, as they lean more towards historical literature constructed from the author's imagination. This article discusses the challenges posed by Malay manuscripts that contain elements of myth and imagination. The study takes a case example of the manuscript "Hikayat Raja Pasai". The objective is to examine the position and role of hikayat or traditional historiography in general concerning the narration of history and its acceptance as a historical source. The research employs a descriptive-analytical method through several stages, including: 1) manuscript selection, 2) literature review, 3) content analysis and identification of imaginative elements in the manuscript, 4) examination of history to verify the accuracy of information, 5) interpretation of results, 6) writing, and 7) drawing conclusions. From this study, it was found that despite containing myths, hikayat still plays a role as a means to showcase the character of a community, aiding readers in understanding a belief, and myths are often more effective in raising human awareness and guiding them towards improvement. However, in accepting hikayat as a historical source, a critical and selective approach is necessary. Therefore, the application of historical methods is crucial to identify which elements can be used as historical sources and which ones should be considered purely imaginative.

Memahami Tikrār Lafdzi Dalam Kitab Tafsir Al-Kassyaaf Karya Az-Zamakhsyari Pada Surah Al-Insyirah Ayat 5-6

This article was written to analyze the tikrar lafdzi in Surah Al-Insyirah verses 5 and 6 and understand the meaning or purpose of repeating words in these two verses based on the Tafsir Al-Kassyaaf book. The focus of this study is to contain aspects in which one of the two aspects is lafadz (lafdzi). Judging from the lafadz it contains, Tikrar Lafdzi is a repetition of a verse from the Koran. To explain the topics discussed and collect various primary and secondary reference sources, the author of this article applies qualitative research methodology and Library Research-based data collection strategies. Tafsir Al-Kassyaaf functions as a primary source, while a number of related books and articles function as secondary sources. From writing this article, the author found findings based on the Tafsir Al-Kasyaaf book that First, the repetition of tikrar lafdzi in the lafadz العسر and يسرا counts twice in verses 5 and 6 to strengthen the meaning of the previous sentence. Second, in verses 5 and 6, the word العسر in the form of ma'rifah is marked alif lam, indicating that the difficulties referred to in the two verses are the same. On the other hand, the word يسرا in verses 5 and 6 is nakirah, so the ease stated in verse 5 is different from the ease stated in verse 6. Third, the word العسر which is in the form of ma'rifah and the word يسرا which is in the form of nakirah in verses 5 and 6 are understood one difficulty is simultaneously followed by two eases.

Unlicensed/Off-Label Drug Prescriptions at Hospital Discharge in Children: An Observational Study Using Routinely Collected Health Data.

Unlicensed and off-label (UL/OL) prescriptions have been associated with an increased risk of drug-related problems. Data of their prevalence at hospital discharge remain insufficient. We aimed to describe the prevalence of UL/OL drugs in outpatient prescriptions at discharge in children. We conducted a retrospective study using the routinely collected health data of children at discharge from 2014 to 2016. The primary reference source for determining licensed labelling was the summaries of product characteristics (SPCs) in a French industry-independent formulary named Thériaque. We described the characteristics of UL/OL prescriptions at discharge and looked for predictors of UL/OL prescriptions. We included 2536 prescriptions of 479 children. Licensed, OL, and UL prescriptions accounted for 58.6% (95% CI: 56.7-60.5), 39.2% (95% CI: 37.3-41.1), and 2.3% (95% CI: 1.7-2.9), respectively. A total of 323 (74%) children received at least one UL/OL drug. Among the licensed drugs, bronchodilators (8.8%) and analgesics (8.6%), and among the OL drugs, antibiotics (2.8%), were the most prescribed. The younger age of the children and higher number of drugs they received increased the probability of UL/OL prescriptions (unadjusted p-value of ≤0.05). The prevalence of UL/OL prescriptions is about 40% at discharge from a pediatric university hospital in France.

Backpackers' Perception on Instagram Explore Indonesia Account

The rapid development of Instagram in Indonesia has catalyzed the swift emergence of creative industries, with consumers increasingly leveraging the platform for innovative purposes. This study employs the uses and gratification analysis method to dissect backpackers' perceptions of the Explore Indonesia Instagram account, focusing on its role as a reference for tourist destinations. Numerous travel accounts, including @exploreindonesia, @exploresidoarjo, @explorejogja, @yoikimalang, and @indoBackpackers, have flourished on the platform. The research reveals that @exploreindonesia has become a primary source of information and reference for backpackers, influencing their travel choices. This study aims to contribute valuable insights into the evolving dynamics of social media's impact on travel behavior, with implications for both researchers and industry professionals. Highlights : Instagram's Role: Examining the influential role of Instagram in shaping backpackers' perceptions and choices in the context of Indonesian tourism. Explore Indonesia Account: Investigating the @exploreindonesia Instagram account as a prominent reference and information source for backpackers seeking travel destinations. Uses and Gratification Analysis: Applying a methodological approach to understand how followers utilize Instagram as a reference for tourist destinations, emphasizing user autonomy and influence in the process. Keywords: Instagram, Backpackers, Explore Indonesia, Tourism, Uses and Gratification Analysis

The feasibility and impacts of renewable energy auctions in Bangladesh: lessons based on best practices

PurposeThe present study aims to provide a roadmap for meeting the carbon-free, green energy production target within the stipulated period while also considering climate targets through a sustainable auctioning scheme.Design/methodology/approachThe research outlines the opportunity to design auctions based on qualitative research, the impact of auctions on energy costs and thus the feasibility of suggested auctioning schemes based on country-specific empirical evidence and benefits.FindingsThe conclusions show that this may result in various advantages for emerging economies relating to technology-neutral site-specific auctions if designed according to state-specific socio-economic conditions.Originality/valueThe planned addition to the state-of-the-art in the renewable energy (RE) field of this paper is that it intends to bridge the gap between theory and practice. The analysis has concepts for research, practice and/or community. Thus, it can serve as a primary source of literature reference for those willing to learn more about the aspects of cost related to RE.

Rethinking The Religious Moderation through Intellectual History’s Lens: Mentifact, Sociofact, and Artefact

It must be admitted that there is indeed much research related to religious moderation, but there needs to be more research, especially when it comes to intellectual history discourse. As a contextual discourse, intellectual history still needs sufficient study space among Indonesian academics. Therefore, this study uses an intellectual history perspective to examine religious moderation discourse. Strengthening the study, the authors use the thoughts of Koentjaraningrat and Julian Huxley, who use an anthropological scientific lens to view the discourse of religious moderation. This research is the form of a literature review using the results of research related to intellectual history and the two figures as primary reference sources. Collecting data was carried out by re-reading the text, compiling it, and formulating it to analyze the mentifact, sociofact, and artefact aspects of the discourse of religious moderation. This research produces an academic offer to strengthen the epistemological structure of the discourse of religious moderation by dissecting it through these three dimensions, namely mentifact, sociofact, and artefact. The findings of this research offer the hierarchical relationship on the epistemological of religious moderation (the high ideas, the intermediate ideas, and the lower ideas).

Mammalian type material from Cameroon in the Museum für Naturkunde Berlin

Historical data, combined with current data on species distribution, are a valuable resource for tracking changes in biodiversity and can potentially be applied to developing models in conservation biology and designing and assessing conservation strategies. Historical data supporting current knowledge on the natural history of the African continent are primarily held in Western museums. The Zoologisches Museum Berlin (ZMB), which is today part of the Museum für Naturkunde Berlin (MfN), is the primary source of reference for zoological collections from former German colonial territories including Cameroon. Here, we document for the first time a catalogue of the type material in the mammal collection of the MfN from the point of view of a geographical region. The type collection includes 91 type specimens identified in the catalogues as originating from German ‘Kamerun’ and which correspond to 31 described species, of which 12 are currently accepted (valid) species names. Of the 31 described species, 21 are represented by holotypes, three para-holotype series, one para-lectotype series and six syntype series. We hope that this first analysis of zoological objects, based on geographical location, will lead to similar research on other geographical locations of collection. This could provide more information on the provenance of collections and on colonial collecting practices, as well as contribute to the accessibility of collections in Western museums.

CHARACTER EDUCATION FOR EARLY CHILDHOOD: TO PREVENT JUVENILE DELINQUENCY AND THE NEGATIVE IMPACTS OF GADGET USE IN INDONESIA

The rise of juvenile delinquency, klitih, and good pornography circulating on social media, television broadcasts, news reports. This is because children and adolescents to adults lack character education and assistance (guidance) from the closest people and parents. The purpose of this study is to describe early childhood or those seen from the point of view of character education in Islamic education. As an anticipation of the negative impacts of gadgets, handponds, and gedged. This research is based on literature review. This type of research uses a literature review. Data is generated or obtained through literature data, books, journals, and online news exposures. Data collection techniques come from primary data, secondary data, and reference sources from books and journals that are relevant to the research theme. The data analysis technique uses content analysis of the contents of the literature research. The results of the study found that there were elements and motives for juvenile delinquency, children could not be directed and managed by their parents, it was difficult for their teachers and parents to regulate and guide them. There is content that is not useful, as well as sites that are not good. This is due to the low and weak character education and guidance of Islamic education for children. The importance of being selective and smart in social media. The implications of this research are character building and guidance in the perspective of Islamic education.

Contextualization and Synergy of the Concept of Justice in Islamic Economic Development

The complexity of socio-economic problems has become a serious global problem. Moreover, Islamic economic development requires attention and seriousness in order to balance all needs and minimize all complexities. With a balance that leads to the concept of justice in an Islamic perspective, implementation becomes a necessity. The concept of justice will provide a clear path for the implementation of the Islamic economic system. By using descriptive analysis writing method and with primary and secondary reference sources. This research is included in the category of library research or research activities related to literature. As the embodiment of Islamic economic values, contextualization and synergy of the concept of justice must be pursued as much as possible. Seeing the current discourse in the economic realm, justice has entered global policy. So that Islamic economic development that has contributed to economic development can be implemented comprehensively.

A Biblical Understanding of Mary's Title as Help of Christians

In the Post Synodal Apostolic Exhortation Verbum Domini, Pope Benedict XVI stressed the link between the study on the Blessed Virgin Mary with the Word of God. The same goes for grounding the different devotions to the Mother of God from the Sacred Scriptures as laid down in Pope Paul VI's Apostolic Exhortation Marialis Cultus. The correct ordering of devotion to the Mother of God should have a Biblical Imprint as one of the guidelines as the Sacred Scriptures is the primary source of knowledge and reference on the Blessed Virgin Mary. One of Mary’s invoked titles is as Help of Christians. Her children are impelled to confidently share their hopes, sorrows, and joys, commending themselves to her, a loving mother who is ready to listen and respond to their heart's content. Through her role as Mother of God and of All that she guides every faithful to her Son, Jesus, to have an intimate encounter with Him, the Word made Flesh that was made possible through her cooperation. In this paper, the writer seeks to address: How is Mary the Help of Christians in the Sacred Scriptures? In presenting the said theme, the following parts are discussed: first, History of Mary's title as Help of Christians by tracing into its origin; second, Mary in the Bible by discussing the importance of the Sacred Scriptures in understanding the Mother of God; and third, Mary, Help of Christians in the Bible by looking into the different text especially on John's account of the Wedding at Cana in relating to the said Marian title. This paper hopes to lead the faithful to a fruitful spiritual life and an advancement on the Theological and Biblical studies.

Sports Nutrition and Food Knowledge among Malaysian University Athletes.

Sports nutrition and food knowledge can influence athletes’ dietary intake, potentially affecting athletic performance. Limited studies have been conducted to identify sports nutrition and food knowledge among Malaysian university athletes. This study aimed to determine Malaysian university athletes’ knowledge of sports nutrition and food, and their reference sources and preferred sports nutrition education programme. Seventy athletes (52.9% females, mean weight = 61.8 kg; height = 1.66 m) aged 18.5–22.4 years responded to an online survey administered using a Google Form. A score of ≥60% was considered as adequate knowledge. The average overall knowledge score was 58.6%. The highest knowledge score was for sports nutrition, specifically food intake periodicity (84.8%), while the lowest was for general food knowledge on fat (44.6%). An analysis of specific questions revealed a lack of understanding about the recommended daily intake of fruits and vegetables (only 14.3% answered correctly), the roles of vitamins and minerals in energy production (21.4%), and good sources of unsaturated fat (37.2%). The academician was the primary reference source (81%), while magazines were the least referred to sources (36%). The university athletes preferred sports camps (33%) over the other nutrition education programme options. More initiatives are needed to improve Malaysian university athletes’ understanding and knowledge of sports nutrition and general food.

ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫЙ ПЕРВИЧНЫЙ ЭТАЛОН ВРЕМЕНИ И ЧАСТОТЫ ДЛЯ СИСТЕМ ЧАСТОТНО-ВРЕМЕННОГО ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЯ СЕТЕЙ СВЯЗИ

The article deals with the acquisition of primary time and frequency standards for time-frequency support systems as a reference node for the formation of the time scale for 4G and 5/6G communication networks. The basis of frequency and time synchronization systems, which together form the frequency-time support of communication networks, are the primary standards of time and frequency. For communication networks up to 4 generations in the frequency division mode (TDM, 3G, 4G FDD networks), only a network frequency synchronization system is needed, which is based on the use of primary reference generators. In fact, it is a part of the HDPE that provides the formation of the reference frequency. Taking into account the future requirements for synchronization systems of 5/6G communication networks, it is necessary to provide for the use of improved primary reference sources, as well as a secondary master oscillator with the functions of a master PTP frequency and a combiner of frequency and time signals. In the future, this will allow the transition to the introduction of improved HDPE (uHDTV). In connection with the current situation on the Russian market, the article discusses the possibility of using domestically produced equipment for time-frequency support systems.

The Social Events and the Development of Arabic Language in the Early Period of Islam

This paper discussed the social phenomena that occurred during the birth of Islam and its influence on the revolution process in developing the Arabic language. The study was a qualitative research with a descriptive design relying on documents and literature of al-Mujtama'at al-Islamiyah as the primary reference source. This paper showed the social events that accompanied the birth of Islam had an impact and influence on the growth and development of the Arabic language. The social events during the early period of Islam were a great momentum for the revelation of the Qur'an, the entry of Islamic teachings into the Arab ignorant society. The establishment of social interaction relations between Arab and Islamic communities became a powerful event in forming the Arabic language. Thus, the early period of the birth of Islam was a time of transformation in standard Arabic. The events and social phenomena that occurred during the early period of Islam also had implications for the growth process of knowledge originating from Islam. The Arab community had made standard Arabic the primary language in delivering Islamic teachings and the development of science. This paper suggested the need for a further study of the development of the Arabic language viewed from the historical aspect.

Halal Harmonization Development Opportunities: a Literature Study

This study aims to examine the literature related to halal, especially how halal is in Indonesia. This study uses qualitative methods with literature study analysis techniques. Researchers use a basic research approach to raise halal issues that can become opportunities and threats for the development of the halal sector. The researcher applies a systematic literature review (SLR). the result Halal issues are widely discussed in research both at home and abroad. Researchers used Emerald as the primary reference source and developed a meta-analysis protocol by structuring the literature as follows Global Halal Industry Halal Certification, Centralization halal hub, Halal certification, Halal Harmonization, Level of knowledge, Halal Tourism, Halal Food, Halal Cargo, Halal during Pandemic Covid -19

Social Entrepreneurship: A Bibliometric-Based Research Trend

Social entrepreneurship is a relatively novel topic and popular area of research and practice. It is recognised as a key instrument for addressing social issues and promoting sustainable development.The evolution of the social entrepreneurship concept has been discussed in the entrepreneurship domain last fifteen years.Therefore, a comprehensive inquiry of the overall body of knowledge relating tosocial entrepreneurship research in the entrepreneurship domain is vital for stimulating social entrepreneurship ecosystems. The research aims to support further study based on the current research trend through graphical visualization and bibliographic analysis. This study also maps the expansion of scientific and academic researchto explain the most recent stage in developing the phenomenon. It presents a general structure of the field and details of the main topics studied in this discipline. One thousand seven hundred sixty-three (1763) research papers published in the Scopus database from 1996 to 2019 were reviewed using bibliometric statistics covering 23 years. Thus, the study, therefore, serves to map trends in the development of the research in this field. The results showed some useful insights, such as the pattern of annual publications, top citation-based authors, organizations, nations, and publishers worldwide. This paper will also provide a primary reference source for the researcher to establish a theoretical framework in this area.

Relationship between adverse drug reactions and unlicensed/off-label drug use in hospitalized children (EREMI): A study protocol

To date, few studies have shown a significant association between off-label drug use and adverse drug reactions (ADRs). The main aims of this study is to evaluate the relationship between adverse drug reactions and unlicensed or off-label drugs in hospitalized children and to provide more information on prescribing practice, the amplitude, consequences of unlicensed or off-label drug use in pediatric inpatients. In this multicenter prospective study started from 2013, we use the French summaries of product characteristics in Theriaque (a prescription products guide) as a primary reference source for determining pediatric drug labeling. The detection of ADRs is carried out spontaneously by health professionals and actively by research groups using a trigger tool and patients' electronic health records. The causality between suspected ADRs and medication is evaluated using the Naranjo and the French methods of imputability independently by pharmacovigilance center. All suspected ADRs are submitted for a second evaluation by an independent pharmacovigilance experts. For our best knowledge, EREMI is the first large multicenter prospective and objective study in France with an active ADRs monitoring and independent ADRs validation. This study identifies the risk factors that could be used to adjust preventive actions in children's care, guides future research in the field and increases the awareness of physicians in off-label drug use and in detecting and declaring ADRs. As data are obtained through extraction of information from hospital database and medical records, there is likely to be some under-reporting of items or missing data. In this study the field specialists detect all adverse events, experts in pharmacovigilance centers assess them and finally only the ADRs assessed by the independent committee are confirmed. Although we recruit a high number of patients, this observational study is subject to different confounders.

Model Integrasi Nilai Islam Dan Sains Beserta Implementasinya Di Dunia Islam

This article aims to classify the integration model of Islamic values and science, and their implementation in the Islamic world. The research method uses library research, which is collecting data from various primary and secondary reference sources relating to the themes discussed. From the discussion, it could be concluded that the integration of islamic values and science is very important and a necessity in modern era. Integration is carried out to face the war of thought of Western secular-liberal, materialistic and atheist hegemony, and fortify themselves from westernized muslim intelectual propaganda, while at the same time improving the attitude of conservative-literal clerics who reject modernity. There are four models of integration; Islamic Scientification, Islamization of Science, habituation of Islamic science based on revelation, and the integration of several integration models. The implementation of Islamic Scientification is strongly dominated by academicians in the teachings of relegion, then strenthening it with scientific evidence. The Islamization of Science is stronlyg dominated by academicians in the field of science, then strengtened with the foundation of the al-Qur'an , hadits , and the thought of muslim scholars. The habituation of islamic science was carried out by scientists who are experts in religious and scientific sciences ontologically, methodologically, and axiologically, and proud of islamic identity. While the combination of two or several models of integration is dominated by educational institutions and academicians that prioritize the goal of proving that Allah created all things, there must be benefits for the universe and awakening people to stay away from dangerous things.